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Xi J, Li Y, Zhang H, Bai Z. Dynamic variations of the gastric microbiota: Key therapeutic points in the reversal of Correa's cascade. Int J Cancer 2023; 152:1069-1084. [PMID: 36029278 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.34264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Correa's cascade is a dynamic process in the development of intestinal-type gastric cancer (GC), and its pathological features, gastric microbiota and interactions between microorganisms and their hosts vary at different developmental stages. The characteristics of cells, tissues and gastric microbiota before or after key therapeutic points are critical for monitoring malignant transformation and early tumour reversal. This review summarises the pathological features of gastric mucosa, characteristics of gastric microbiota, specific microbial markers, microbe-microbe interactions and microbe-host interactions at different stages in Correa's cascade. The markers related to each Correa's cascade point were analysed in detail. We attempted to identify key therapeutic points for early cancer reversal and provide a novel approach to reduce the incidence of GC and improve precise treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahui Xi
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Regenerative Medicine, Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yonghong Li
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Therapy of Gastrointestinal Tumour, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.,General Surgery Department, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zhongtian Bai
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Regenerative Medicine, Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China.,General Surgery Department, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
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2
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Sholeh M, Khoshnood S, Azimi T, Mohamadi J, Kaviar VH, Hashemian M, Karamollahi S, Sadeghifard N, Heidarizadeh H, Heidary M, Saki M. The prevalence of clarithromycin-resistant Helicobacter pylori isolates: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PeerJ 2023; 11:e15121. [PMID: 37016679 PMCID: PMC10066884 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.15121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Knowledge of global clarithromycin (CLA)-resistant rates of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is crucial for decision of the most appropriate eradication therapies with good clinical outcomes. Therefore, this review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the global prevalence of the CLA resistance in H. pylori to provide some guidance for selecting the first-line antibiotics. Method A comprehensive search was performed for relevant literature until April 2021 in PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science databases. Freeman-Tukey double arcsine transformation was performed to estimate the weighted pooled prevalence of resistance. Results The meta-analysis included 248 articles. The prevalence of CLA-resistant H. pylori was 27.53% (95% CI [25.41-29.69]). The heterogeneity between reports was significant (I2 = 97.80%, P < 0.01). The resistance rate increased from 24.28% in 2010-2017 to 32.14% in 2018-2021 (P < 0.01). Iran, with 38 articles, has the most report. Nevertheless, Switzerland, Portugal, and Israel had the highest resistance rates (67.16%, 48.11%, and 46.12%, respectively). The heterogeneity between the continents and the antimicrobial susceptibility methods also interpreted standard guidelines and breakpoints was insignificant (P > 0.05). Conclusion Overall CLA resistance rate was 27.53%, worldwide. The difference in CLA resistance rate among the included studies can be due to several reasons such as differences in antibiotic prescription rates in various geographic areas, use of different breakpoints or inaccurate criteria in performed studies, and the emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Sholeh
- Department of Microbiology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeed Khoshnood
- Clinical Microbiology Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Taher Azimi
- Department of Bacteriology and Virology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Jasem Mohamadi
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Emam Khomeini Hospital, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Vahab Hassan Kaviar
- Clinical Microbiology Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Marzieh Hashemian
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Somayeh Karamollahi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Nourkhoda Sadeghifard
- Clinical Microbiology Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Hedayat Heidarizadeh
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Emam Khomeini Hospital, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Mohsen Heidary
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, School of Paramedical Sciences, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
| | - Morteza Saki
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
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Keikha M, Karbalaei M. Probiotics as the live microscopic fighters against Helicobacter pylori gastric infections. BMC Gastroenterol 2021; 21:388. [PMID: 34670526 PMCID: PMC8527827 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-021-01977-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is the causative agent of stomach diseases such as duodenal ulcer and gastric cancer, in this regard incomplete eradication of this bacterium has become to a serious concern. Probiotics are a group of the beneficial bacteria which increase the cure rate of H. pylori infections through various mechanisms such as competitive inhibition, co-aggregation ability, enhancing mucus production, production of bacteriocins, and modulating immune response. Result In this study, according to the received articles, the anti-H. pylori activities of probiotics were reviewed. Based on studies, administration of standard antibiotic therapy combined with probiotics plays an important role in the effective treatment of H. pylori infection. According to the literature, Lactobacillus casei, Lactobacillus reuteri, Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG, and Saccharomyces boulardii can effectively eradicate H. pylori infection. Our results showed that in addition to decrease gastrointestinal symptoms, probiotics can reduce the side effects of antibiotics (especially diarrhea) by altering the intestinal microbiome. Conclusion Nevertheless, antagonist activities of probiotics are H. pylori strain-specific. In general, these bacteria can be used for therapeutic purposes such as adjuvant therapy, drug-delivery system, as well as enhancing immune system against H. pylori infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoud Keikha
- Department of Microbiology and Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohsen Karbalaei
- Department of Microbiology and Virology, School of Medicine, Jiroft University of Medical Sciences, Jiroft, Iran.
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4
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Saracino IM, Pavoni M, Saccomanno L, Fiorini G, Pesci V, Foschi C, Piccirilli G, Bernardini G, Holton J, Figura N, Lazzarotto T, Borghi C, Vaira B. Antimicrobial Efficacy of Five Probiotic Strains Against Helicobacter pylori. Antibiotics (Basel) 2020; 9:antibiotics9050244. [PMID: 32403331 PMCID: PMC7277513 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics9050244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Treatment of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is a challenge for clinicians. The large increase in drug-resistant strains makes the formulation of new therapeutic strategies fundamental. The frequent onset of side effects during antibiotic treatment (mainly due to intestinal dysbiosis) should not be underestimated as it may cause the interruption of treatment, failure of H. pylori eradication and clonal selection of resistant bacteria. Probiotic integration during antibiotic treatment can exert a dual function: a direct antagonistic effect on H. pylori and a balancing effect on dysbiosis. Therefore, it fulfills the definition of a new therapeutic strategy to successfully treat H. pylori infection. Data reported in literature give promising but discrepant results. Aim: To assess in vitro bacteriostatic and bactericidal activity of probiotic strains against H. pylori. Materials and methods: L. casei, L. paracasei, L. acidophilus, B. lactis and S. thermophilus strains were used. Agar well diffusion and time-kill curves were carried out to detect bacteriostatic and bactericidal activity, respectively. Results: All probiotic strains showed both bacteriostatic and bactericidal activity vs. H. pylori. Conclusions: Such findings prompted us to plan a protocol of treatment in which probiotics are given to infected patients in association with antibiotic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Maria Saracino
- Department of Surgical and Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (I.M.S.); (M.P.); (L.S.); (G.F.); (V.P.); (C.B.)
| | - Matteo Pavoni
- Department of Surgical and Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (I.M.S.); (M.P.); (L.S.); (G.F.); (V.P.); (C.B.)
| | - Laura Saccomanno
- Department of Surgical and Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (I.M.S.); (M.P.); (L.S.); (G.F.); (V.P.); (C.B.)
| | - Giulia Fiorini
- Department of Surgical and Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (I.M.S.); (M.P.); (L.S.); (G.F.); (V.P.); (C.B.)
| | - Valeria Pesci
- Department of Surgical and Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (I.M.S.); (M.P.); (L.S.); (G.F.); (V.P.); (C.B.)
| | - Claudio Foschi
- Microbiology and Clinical Microbiology, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (C.F.); (G.P.); (T.L.)
| | - Giulia Piccirilli
- Microbiology and Clinical Microbiology, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (C.F.); (G.P.); (T.L.)
| | - Giulia Bernardini
- Department of Biotechnology Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (G.B.); (N.F.)
| | - John Holton
- Department of Health & Social Sciences, University of Middlesex, London NW4 4HE, UK;
| | - Natale Figura
- Department of Biotechnology Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (G.B.); (N.F.)
| | - Tiziana Lazzarotto
- Microbiology and Clinical Microbiology, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (C.F.); (G.P.); (T.L.)
| | - Claudio Borghi
- Department of Surgical and Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (I.M.S.); (M.P.); (L.S.); (G.F.); (V.P.); (C.B.)
| | - Berardino Vaira
- Department of Surgical and Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (I.M.S.); (M.P.); (L.S.); (G.F.); (V.P.); (C.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +39-0512-144-140
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Kouitcheu Mabeku LB, Ngue S, Bonsou Nguemo I, Leundji H. Potential of selected lactic acid bacteria from Theobroma cacao fermented fruit juice and cell-free supernatants from cultures as inhibitors of Helicobacter pylori and as good probiotic. BMC Res Notes 2020; 13:64. [PMID: 32041667 PMCID: PMC7011242 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-020-4923-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The present study was designed to evaluate the inhibitory effect of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) isolates from the fermented cocoa juice and their cell-free culture supernatants (CFS) against Helicobacter pylori strains and their potential as good probiotic. Isolation of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) was performed by culture and subculture of sample on MRS agar. Morphological characteristics, Gram staining and catalase reaction were used to identify the isolates. The antagonistic activity of LAB was tested using the agar spot-on-lawn method and the inhibitory effect of CFS using well diffusion assay. Acid tolerance and resistance to antibiotics tests were used to evaluate the probiotic potential of LAB isolates. RESULTS Antagonistic effect was observed in 65.52% of isolated LAB. Isolate LAB19 showed the broader spectrum of antagonistic effect. The overall inhibitory activity was two to three folds reduced when CFSs were used instead of LAB isolates themselves. Our data showed that LAB19 controlled H. pylori growth using bacteriocins and that LAB4', LAB8, LAB11', LAB12, LAB13', LAB15, LAB16 and LAB17 were through organic acids. LAB9, LAB11' and LAB12 showed properties of probiotic tested. In this study, nine LAB isolates were found to possess anti-Helicobacter activity and some preliminary probiotic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laure Brigitte Kouitcheu Mabeku
- Microbiology and Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, P. O. Box 67 Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Samuel Ngue
- Microbiology and Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, P. O. Box 67 Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Idris Bonsou Nguemo
- Microbiology and Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, P. O. Box 67 Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Hubert Leundji
- Gastroenterology Department, Laquintinie Hospital of Douala, P. O. Box 4035 Douala, Cameroon
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Alboraie M, Elhossary W, Aly OA, Abbas B, Abdelsalam L, Ghaith D, Shady Z, Gaber Y, Adel E, Peura D, Armstrong D, Esmat G. Egyptian recommendations for management of Helicobacter pylori infection: 2018 report. Arab J Gastroenterol 2019; 20:175-179. [PMID: 31564518 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajg.2019.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Alboraie
- Department of Internal Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Walied Elhossary
- Endemic Medicine and Hepatology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Osama Aboelfotoh Aly
- General Medicine, Gastroenterology & Hepatology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Egypt
| | - Bahaa Abbas
- Gastroenterology Department, Air Force Specialized Hospital, Military Medical Academy, Egypt
| | | | - Doaa Ghaith
- Clinical and Chemical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt
| | - Zakarya Shady
- Department of Internal Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Yasmine Gaber
- Endemic Medicine and Hepatology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Eman Adel
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - David Peura
- Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | | | - Gamal Esmat
- Endemic Medicine and Hepatology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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Eslami M, Yousefi B, Kokhaei P, Jazayeri Moghadas A, Sadighi Moghadam B, Arabkari V, Niazi Z. Are probiotics useful for therapy of Helicobacter pylori diseases? Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2019; 64:99-108. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2019.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Revised: 02/24/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Shi X, Zhang J, Mo L, Shi J, Qin M, Huang X. Efficacy and safety of probiotics in eradicating Helicobacter pylori: A network meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2019; 98:e15180. [PMID: 30985706 PMCID: PMC6485819 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000015180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Due to decreasing eradication rate and increasing side effects, probiotics have gradually become an important supplement to standard eradication regimens for Helicobacter pylori. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of probiotics in facilitating the eradication of H pylori and to explore the best timing and duration of probiotic supplementation, use of eradication regimens, strains, locations, and common side effects. METHODS Eligible studies were retrieved from the PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and CNKI databases, and we applied the Stata 12.0 software for the standard meta-analysis and network meta-analysis. RESULTS Forty eligible studies with 8924 patients were included in the analysis. We used a random-effects model (I = 52.1% and I = 81.4%) to analyze the eradication rate and the incidence of total side effects by intention to treat (ITT). Compared with the control group, a higher eradication rate (relative risk [RR] 1.140, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.101-1.180, P < .001) and lower incidence of total side effects (RR 0.470, 95% CI 0.391-0.565, P < .001) were observed in the probiotic group. In the subgroup analysis, we evaluated the surface under the cumulative ranking curve scores for the before + same (75.2%), >2 weeks (92.6%), probiotic + quadruple regimen (99.9%), Lactobacillus (73.6%), multiple strains (72.1%), China (98.5%) groups. The rankings of common side effects are shown in Table 6. SUCRA scores for diarrhea (39.7%), abdominal pain (43.9%), nausea (78.8%), taste disturbance (99.6%), vomiting (7.1%), and constipation (30.9%) were reported. The consistency of all comparison groups was good. CONCLUSIONS Probiotics improved the eradication rate and reduced side effects when added to the treatments designed to eradicate H pylori. The use of probiotics before the eradication treatment and throughout the eradication treatment, and also the use of probiotics for more than 2 weeks, exerted better eradication effects. Probiotics combined with the bismuth quadruple regimen was the best combination. Lactobacillus and multiple strains were better choices of probiotic strains. The eradication effect observed in China was better than the effect observed in other countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoguang Shi
- Department of Geriatrics and Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning
| | - Junhong Zhang
- Department of Geriatrics and Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning
| | - Lingshan Mo
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Guigang
| | - Jialing Shi
- Department of Geriatrics and Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning
| | - Mengbin Qin
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region
| | - Xue Huang
- Geriatrics and Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
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Sikarchi A, Fozouni L. Inhibitory Effect of Probiotic Bacteria Isolated from Camel Milk on Clinical Strains of Drug-Resistant Helicobacter pylori. MEDICAL LABORATORY JOURNAL 2018. [DOI: 10.29252/mlj.12.2.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
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10
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Characterization and assessment of two biocontrol bacteria against Pseudomonas syringae wilt in Solanum lycopersicum and its genetic responses. Microbiol Res 2017; 206:43-49. [PMID: 29146259 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2017.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Revised: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 09/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Pseudomonas and Bacillus species are attractive due to their potential bio-control application against plant bacterial pathogens. Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain D4 and Bacillus stratosphericus strain FW3 were isolated from mine tailings in South Korea. In these potent bacterial strains, we observed improved antagonistic activity against Pseudomonas syringae DC3000. These strains produced biocatalysts for plant growth promotion, and in vivo examination of Solanum lycopersicum included analysis of disease severity, ion leakage, chlorophyll content, and H2O2 detection. In addition, regulation of the defense genes pathogen-related protein 1a (PR1a) and phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) was compared with treated plants and untreated control plants. The results suggest that these two bacterial strains provide protection against plant pathogens via direct and indirect modes of action and could be used as a bio-control agent.
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Nair MRB, Chouhan D, Sen Gupta S, Chattopadhyay S. Fermented Foods: Are They Tasty Medicines for Helicobacter pylori Associated Peptic Ulcer and Gastric Cancer? Front Microbiol 2016; 7:1148. [PMID: 27504109 PMCID: PMC4958626 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.01148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
More than a million people die every year due to gastric cancer and peptic ulcer. Helicobacter pylori infection in stomach is the most important reason for these diseases. Interestingly, only 10-20% of the H. pylori infected individuals suffer from these gastric diseases and rest of the infected individuals remain asymptomatic. The genotypes of H. pylori, host genetic background, lifestyle including smoking and diet may determine clinical outcomes. People from different geographical regions have different food habits, which also include several unique fermented products of plant and animal origins. When consumed raw, the fermented foods bring in fresh inocula of microbes to gastrointestinal tract and several strains of these microbes, like Lactobacillus and Saccharomyces are known probiotics. In vitro and in vivo experiments as well as clinical trials suggest that several probiotics have anti-H. pylori effects. Here we discuss the possibility of using natural probiotics present in traditional fermented food and beverages to obtain protection against H. pylori induced gastric diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Santanu Chattopadhyay
- Microbiome Research Facility, Microbiome Biology, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for BiotechnologyTrivandrum, India
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