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Ni R, Jiang L, Zhang C, Liu M, Luo Y, Hu Z, Mou X, Zhu Y. Biologic Mechanisms of Macrophage Phenotypes Responding to Infection and the Novel Therapies to Moderate Inflammation. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24098358. [PMID: 37176064 PMCID: PMC10179618 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24098358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory types are the main phenotypes of the macrophage, which are commonly notified as M1 and M2, respectively. The alteration of macrophage phenotypes and the progression of inflammation are intimately associated; both phenotypes usually coexist throughout the whole inflammation stage, involving the transduction of intracellular signals and the secretion of extracellular cytokines. This paper aims to address the interaction of macrophages and surrounding cells and tissues with inflammation-related diseases and clarify the crosstalk of signal pathways relevant to the phenotypic metamorphosis of macrophages. On these bases, some novel therapeutic methods are proposed for regulating inflammation through monitoring the transition of macrophage phenotypes so as to prevent the negative effects of antibiotic drugs utilized in the long term in the clinic. This information will be quite beneficial for the diagnosis and treatment of inflammation-related diseases like pneumonia and other disorders involving macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renhao Ni
- Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Lingjing Jiang
- Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Chaohai Zhang
- Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Mujie Liu
- Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Yang Luo
- Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Zeming Hu
- Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Xianbo Mou
- Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Yabin Zhu
- Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
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2
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Geressu A, Sultan Z, Bukhari M. Bone mineral density in patients diagnosed with giant cell arteritis taking glucocorticoids: a case-control study. Rheumatol Adv Pract 2023; 7:rkad020. [PMID: 36844917 PMCID: PMC9950852 DOI: 10.1093/rap/rkad020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective The standard treatment for GCA is high-dose glucocorticoids (GCs). It is unknown whether GCs are more detrimental to BMD at the spine or the hip. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of GCs on BMD at the lumbar spine and hip in patients with GCA being treated with GCs. Methods Patients who were referred for DXA at a hospital in the north-west of England between 2010 and 2019 were included. Two patient groups were identified: patients with GCA on current GC (cases) were matched 1:4 based on age and biological sex to those referred to the scanner with no indication for scanning (controls). Logistic models were fitted looking at the spine and hip BMD, unadjusted and adjusted for height and weight. Results As would be expected, this gave an adjusted odds ratio (OR) of 0.280 (95% CI 0.071, 1.110) at the lumbar spine, OR of 0.238 (95% CI 0.033, 1.719) at the left femoral neck, OR of 0.187 (95% CI 0.037, 0.948) at the right femoral neck, OR of 0.005 (95% CI 0.001, 0.021) at the left total hip and OR of 0.003 (95% CI 0.001, 0.015) at the right total hip. Conclusion The study has shown that patients diagnosed with GCA receiving GC treatment have a lower BMD at the right femoral neck, left total hip and right total hip compared with controls in patients of the same age and biological sex after adjusting for height and weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Geressu
- Corresponding author. University Hospitals of Morecambe Bay NHS Foundation Trust, Royal Lancaster Infirmary, Ashton Road, Lancaster LA1 4RP, UK. E-mail:
| | - Zain Sultan
- University Hospitals of Morecambe Bay NHS Foundation Trust, Royal Lancaster Infirmary, Lancaster, UK
| | - Marwan Bukhari
- Rheumatology Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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3
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Cabling MG, Sandhu VK, Downey CD, Torralba KD. Cardiovascular disease and bone health in aging female rheumatic disease populations: A review. WOMEN'S HEALTH (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2023; 19:17455057231155286. [PMID: 36825447 PMCID: PMC9969471 DOI: 10.1177/17455057231155286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
Rheumatic diseases cover a wide spectrum of conditions, including primary and secondary degenerative joint diseases and autoimmune inflammatory rheumatic diseases. The risks of cardiovascular disease and osteoporosis and resultant fractures in aging female rheumatic disease populations, especially those with autoimmune rheumatic diseases, are increased. Changes in the immune system in aging populations need to be considered especially among patients with autoimmune rheumatic diseases. Immunosenescence is closely aligned to reduced adaptive immunity and increased non-specific innate immunity leading to chronic inflammation of inflammaging. The effective use of disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs to control autoimmune rheumatic diseases may also mitigate factors leading to cardiovascular disease and osteoporosis. Rheumatic diseases, which largely manifest as arthritis, predispose patients to premature joint degeneration and poor bone health and therefore have a higher risk of developing end-stage arthritis requiring joint arthroplasties sooner or more often than other patients without rheumatic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marven G Cabling
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Vaneet K Sandhu
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Christina D Downey
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Karina D Torralba
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, USA
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4
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Fujiwara S, Buchanan-Hughes A, Ng A, Page J, Adachi K, Li H. Real-world evaluation of osteoporotic fractures using the Japan Medical Data Vision database. Osteoporos Int 2022; 33:2205-2216. [PMID: 35779100 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-022-06472-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED In Japanese patients who experienced an osteoporotic fracture, 10.8% and 18.6% had a subsequent fracture within 1 and 2 years of follow-up, respectively. Although the burden of hip and vertebral fractures has been reported widely, we found that patients with non-hip non-vertebral (NHNV) fractures had a 26% higher risk of subsequent fracture than patients with hip fractures; therefore, NHNV fractures should also be considered an important risk factor for subsequent fracture. INTRODUCTION To investigate imminent risk and odds of subsequent osteoporotic fractures and associated risk factors in patients who experienced an initial osteoporotic fracture. METHODS Patients aged ≥ 50 years with ≥ 1 osteoporotic fracture were analyzed from Japan's Medical Data Vision (MDV) database of claims from acute-care hospitals (January 2012-January 2017). Multivariable models were constructed to explore the impact of key comorbidities and medications on the subsequent fracture risk: Cox proportional hazards model for time to subsequent fracture and logistic regression models for odds of subsequent fracture within 1 and 2 years from index fracture. RESULTS In total, 32,926 patients were eligible with a median follow-up duration of 12.3 months. The percentage of patients experiencing subsequent fractures was 14.1% across the study duration, and 10.8% and 18.6% in patients with 1 and 2 years of follow-up, respectively. In the Cox proportional hazards model, patients with vertebral or NHNV index fractures had a higher subsequent fracture risk than patients with a hip index fracture (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] 1.11 and 1.26, respectively); subsequent fracture risk was lower in males than females (aHR 0.89). Patients with baseline claims for tranquilizers and glucocorticoids had a higher subsequent fracture risk than those without (aHR 1.14 and 1.08, respectively). Additionally, baseline claims for anti-Parkinson's medications, alcoholism, and stage 4/5 chronic kidney disease were significantly associated with higher odds of subsequent fracture in the logistic regression models. CONCLUSION Several clinical and demographic factors were associated with a higher risk and odds of subsequent fracture. This may help to identify patients who should be prioritized for osteoporosis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Alvin Ng
- Costello Medical, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | | | - Hong Li
- Amgen Asia Holding Limited, Hong Kong, China
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5
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Suboptimal Plasma Vitamin C Is Associated with Lower Bone Mineral Density in Young and Early Middle-Aged Men: A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14173556. [PMID: 36079812 PMCID: PMC9459983 DOI: 10.3390/nu14173556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: This study was conducted to evaluate associations between bone mineral density (BMD) and four selected circulating nutrients, particularly vitamin C, among adults aged 20−49 years. Methods: In this retrospective cross-sectional study, the lumbar spine BMD of 866 men and 589 women were measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and divided into tertiles, respectively. Logistic regressions were used to identify the predictors of low BMD by comparing subjects with the highest BMD to those with the lowest. Results: Multivariate logistic regressions identified suboptimal plasma vitamin C (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 1.64, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.16, 2.31), suboptimal serum vitamin B12 (AOR 2.05, 95% CI 1.02, 4.12), and low BMI (BMI < 23) (AOR 1.68, 95% CI 1.12, 2.53) as independent predictors for low BMD in men. In women, low BMI was the only independent predictor for low BMD. Plasma vitamin C, categorized as suboptimal (≤8.8 mg/L) and sufficient (>8.8 mg/L), was positively significantly correlated with the lumbar spine BMD in men, but there was no association in women. Conclusions: Plasma vitamin C, categorized as suboptimal and sufficient, was positively associated with the lumbar spine BMD in young and early middle-aged men. A well-designed cohort study is needed to confirm the findings.
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Esteves GP, Mazzolani BC, Smaira FI, Mendes ES, de Oliveira GG, Roschel H, Gualano B, Pereira RMR, Dolan E. Nutritional recommendations for patients undergoing prolonged glucocorticoid therapy. Rheumatol Adv Pract 2022; 6:rkac029. [PMID: 35539442 PMCID: PMC9080102 DOI: 10.1093/rap/rkac029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucocorticoid (GC) therapy is a common treatment used in rheumatic and autoimmune diseases, owing to its anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive effects. However, GC therapy can also induce a number of adverse effects, including muscle and bone loss, hypertension, metabolic perturbations and increased visceral adiposity. We review available evidence in this area and provide nutritional recommendations that might ameliorate these adverse effects. Briefly, optimizing calcium, vitamin D, sodium and protein intake and increasing consumption of unprocessed and minimally processed foods, while decreasing the consumption of ultra-processed foods, might counteract some of the specific challenges faced by these patients. Importantly, we identify a dearth of empirical data on how nutritional intervention might impact health-related outcomes in this population. Further research is required to investigate the clinical and therapeutic efficacy of these theory-based recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel P Esteves
- Applied Physiology & Nutrition Research Group; School of Physical Education and Sport; Rheumatology Division; Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP
| | - Bruna Caruso Mazzolani
- Applied Physiology & Nutrition Research Group; School of Physical Education and Sport; Rheumatology Division; Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP
| | - Fabiana Infante Smaira
- Applied Physiology & Nutrition Research Group; School of Physical Education and Sport; Rheumatology Division; Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP
| | - Elizabeth Silva Mendes
- Applied Physiology & Nutrition Research Group; School of Physical Education and Sport; Rheumatology Division; Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP
| | - Gabriela Guimarães de Oliveira
- Applied Physiology & Nutrition Research Group; School of Physical Education and Sport; Rheumatology Division; Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP
| | - Hamilton Roschel
- Applied Physiology & Nutrition Research Group; School of Physical Education and Sport; Rheumatology Division; Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP
| | - Bruno Gualano
- Applied Physiology & Nutrition Research Group; School of Physical Education and Sport; Rheumatology Division; Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP
| | - Rosa Maria R Pereira
- Bone Metabolism Laboratory, Rheumatology Division; Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eimear Dolan
- Applied Physiology & Nutrition Research Group; School of Physical Education and Sport; Rheumatology Division; Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP
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Najafi M, Najafi M, Mahdavi-Mazdeh M, Maziar S, Keshtkar AA, Sedaghat M, Zare-Bidaki F, Larijani B, Hamidi Z. Quantitative Ultrasound of Phalanx in Primary and Secondary Osteoporosis: Mini-review and Practical Experience. JOURNAL OF DIAGNOSTIC MEDICAL SONOGRAPHY 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/87564793211070247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Objective: Dual x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) is gold standard of bone densitometry, but quantitative ultrasound (QUS) of bone is less expensive and portable. This study was designed to assess its usefulness in secondary osteoporosis diagnosis. Materials and Methods: There were 200 secondary osteoporosis cases (rheumatoid arthritis, hemodialysis, kidney transplant patients, and levothyroxine users) and of those, their phalanx QUS results were compared with normal controls. Also, the QUS and DXA results were compared to find any correlation of these methods for diagnosing osteoporosis. Results: There was not significantly different results compared with normal controls, except for those of hemodialysis patients ( P = .00). Also, the comparison of QUS with DXA results showed no significant correlation except in hemodialysis patients, in both spinal and femoral regions ( P = .023 and .21, respectively), as well as the levothyroxine group’s spinal region ( P = .005). Conclusion: These results suggest that QUS of phalanx may be useful in screening secondary osteoporosis but for establishment of diagnosis, DXA measurements are still needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minoo Najafi
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Najafi
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mitra Mahdavi-Mazdeh
- Iranian Tissue Bank and Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sima Maziar
- Department of Nephrology, Amir-Alam Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Ali Keshtkar
- Department of Health Sciences Education Development, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Sedaghat
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Zare-Bidaki
- Osteoporosis Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bagher Larijani
- Osteoporosis Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zohreh Hamidi
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Lu L, Huang J, Deng X, Sun X, Dong J. Application of glucocorticoids in patients with novel coronavirus infection: From bench to bedside. TRADITIONAL MEDICINE AND MODERN MEDICINE 2021. [DOI: 10.1142/s257590002030009x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucocorticoids (GCs) have potential anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive effects. There is plenty of controversy about the application of glucocorticoids in the treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). This paper briefly summarizes the mechanism of glucocorticoids and their receptors and clinical applications in COVID-19. Through reviewing the current literature, our aim is to have a deeper understanding of the mechanism of GCs and their clinical applications, so as to find possible ways to enhance their efficacy and reduce drug resistance or side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linwei Lu
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Middle Wulumuqi Road, Shanghai 200040, P. R. China
- Qingpu Chinese Medicine Hospital, Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Jianhua Huang
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Middle Wulumuqi Road, Shanghai 200040, P. R. China
- Qingpu Chinese Medicine Hospital, Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Xiaohong Deng
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Middle Wulumuqi Road, Shanghai 200040, P. R. China
- Qingpu Chinese Medicine Hospital, Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Xianjun Sun
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Middle Wulumuqi Road, Shanghai 200040, P. R. China
- Qingpu Chinese Medicine Hospital, Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Jingcheng Dong
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Middle Wulumuqi Road, Shanghai 200040, P. R. China
- Qingpu Chinese Medicine Hospital, Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, P. R. China
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Cetin B, Cetin EA, Arikan H, Velioglu A, Alibaz-Oner F, Direskeneli H, Tuglular S, Asicioglu E. FRAX scores are increased in patients with ANCA-associated vasculitis. Int Urol Nephrol 2021; 53:2333-2339. [PMID: 33884566 DOI: 10.1007/s11255-021-02857-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Prognosis in ANCA-associated vasculitis (AAV) has greatly improved with immunosuppressive use whereas incidence of treatment-related comorbidities such as osteoporosis has increased. However, studies investigating bone disease in AAV are limited. Fracture Risk Assesment Tool (FRAX) was developed to estimate 10-year hip and major osteoporotic fracture risks. Aim of this study was to estimate FRAX scores in AAV patients and compare them to healthy controls. METHODS 30 AAV patients and 20 healthy controls were included. Demographic, disease, and medication history were recorded from patient files. Femoral neck, lumbar spine and forearm bone mineral densitometry, and thoracolumbar radiographs were performed. FRAX fracture risk scoring was assessed for all participants. RESULTS There were 18 male and 12 female patients. Mean age was 58.5 ± 11.7 years. Osteoporosis and osteopenia were present in 23.3% and 50% of patients, respectively. There were fractures in eight patients (26.7%). FRAX major fracture (9.4 ± 7.3% vs 5.9 ± 3.2%, p = 0.02) and hip fracture (2.2 ± 3.2% vs 0.9 ± 0.8%, p = 0.03) scores were higher in patients than controls. In seven (23.3%) patients, the 10-year probability of hip fracture was ≥ 3% and in five (16%) patients the 10-year risk of a major osteoporosis-related fracture was ≥ 20%. None of the controls exceeded these thresholds. CONCLUSION AAV patients are at high risk for future fractures as calculated with FRAX. Life-long monitoring for bone disease and fractures are essential. Large studies with longer follow-up are needed to determine the accuracy of FRAX risk scoring in predicting fractures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Betul Cetin
- Pendik Training and Reseach Hospital, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Emin Ahmet Cetin
- Sultan Abdulhamid Han Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hakki Arikan
- Pendik Training and Reseach Hospital, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Arzu Velioglu
- Pendik Training and Reseach Hospital, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Fatma Alibaz-Oner
- Pendik Training and Reseach Hospital, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Haner Direskeneli
- Pendik Training and Reseach Hospital, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Serhan Tuglular
- Pendik Training and Reseach Hospital, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ebru Asicioglu
- Pendik Training and Reseach Hospital, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey.
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Cox M, Sandler RD, Matucci-Cerinic M, Hughes M. Bone health in idiopathic inflammatory myopathies. Autoimmun Rev 2021; 20:102782. [PMID: 33609795 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2021.102782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To review the extant literature relating to bone health in the idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIM) including both adult and juvenile patients. METHODS A PubMed search® identified relevant studies from 1966 to 2020 in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. Two independent reviewers screened and extracted the abstracts/full manuscripts, and a third author was consulted in the case of disagreement. RESULTS We identified 37 articles (3 review articles, 2 RCTs, 9 cross-sectional, 16 cohort and 7 case-control studies). The prevalence of osteopenia (n = 7) ranges from 7 to 75% and osteoporosis (n = 7) between 13% to 27%. The prevalence of vertebral fractures ranged from 11 to 75%. Systemic inflammation likely contributes to reduced bone mineral density (BMD) in children with IIM but data is currently lacking in adult patients. Association between with impaired BMD and Vitamin D or calcium intake and physical activity has not been demonstrated in IIM. There is no clear consensus regarding the impact of age, menopause or BMI on bone health. Gender, smoking status, disease activity and inflammatory markers are not obvious independent predictors of low BMD. Several studies have demonstrated that glucocorticoids are associated with an increased risk of low BMD. There are no specific guidelines relating to the management of bone health in adult and juvenile patients with IIM. CONCLUSION Both adult and juvenile patients with IIM are at high risk of impaired bone health and fracture. The mechanisms behind this are likely multifactorial including systemic inflammation, glucocorticoid treatment, reduced mobility and impaired calcium/vitamin D homeostasis. There are a lack of guidelines and studies relating to the screening, prevention and treatment of impaired bone health in adult and juvenile patients with IIM. Future research is required to understand the complexity of bone health in IIM including to develop much needed disease-specific management recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Cox
- Department of Rheumatology, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK
| | - Robert D Sandler
- Department of Rheumatology, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK
| | - Marco Matucci-Cerinic
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence & Division of Rheumatology AOUC, Florence, Italy
| | - Michael Hughes
- Department of Rheumatology, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK.
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11
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Sirufo MM, De Pietro F, Bassino EM, Ginaldi L, De Martinis M. Osteoporosis in Skin Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E4749. [PMID: 32635380 PMCID: PMC7370296 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21134749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis (OP) is defined as a generalized skeletal disease characterized by low bone mass and an alteration of the microarchitecture that lead to an increase in bone fragility and, therefore, an increased risk of fractures. It must be considered today as a true public health problem and the most widespread metabolic bone disease that affects more than 200 million people worldwide. Under physiological conditions, there is a balance between bone formation and bone resorption necessary for skeletal homeostasis. In pathological situations, this balance is altered in favor of osteoclast (OC)-mediated bone resorption. During chronic inflammation, the balance between bone formation and bone resorption may be considerably affected, contributing to a net prevalence of osteoclastogenesis. Skin diseases are the fourth cause of human disease in the world, affecting approximately one third of the world's population with a prevalence in elderly men. Inflammation and the various associated cytokine patterns are the basis of both osteoporosis and most skin pathologies. Moreover, dermatological patients also undergo local or systemic treatments with glucocorticoids and immunosuppressants that could increase the risk of osteoporosis. Therefore, particular attention should be paid to bone health in these patients. The purpose of the present review is to take stock of the knowledge in this still quite unexplored field, despite the frequency of such conditions in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Maddalena Sirufo
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (M.M.S.); (F.D.P.); (E.M.B.); (L.G.)
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Unit, Center for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Osteoporosis, AUSL 04 64100 Teramo, Italy
| | - Francesca De Pietro
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (M.M.S.); (F.D.P.); (E.M.B.); (L.G.)
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Unit, Center for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Osteoporosis, AUSL 04 64100 Teramo, Italy
| | - Enrica Maria Bassino
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (M.M.S.); (F.D.P.); (E.M.B.); (L.G.)
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Unit, Center for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Osteoporosis, AUSL 04 64100 Teramo, Italy
| | - Lia Ginaldi
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (M.M.S.); (F.D.P.); (E.M.B.); (L.G.)
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Unit, Center for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Osteoporosis, AUSL 04 64100 Teramo, Italy
| | - Massimo De Martinis
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (M.M.S.); (F.D.P.); (E.M.B.); (L.G.)
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Unit, Center for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Osteoporosis, AUSL 04 64100 Teramo, Italy
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12
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de Sousa LFA, Paupitz JA, Aikawa NE, Takayama L, Caparbo VF, Pereira RMR. Risk factors for bone loss in juvenile-onset systemic lupus erythematosus: a prospective study. Lupus 2019; 28:1224-1232. [PMID: 31409184 DOI: 10.1177/0961203319869467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Juvenile-onset systemic lupus erythematosus (JoSLE) is associated with low bone mass for age and fractures; nevertheless, risk factors for bone impairment are poorly understood. The aim of this study was to evaluate risk factors for bone mass loss in JoSLE patients. METHODS Forty-nine female JoSLE patients were evaluated at baseline and after a 3.5-year follow-up regarding clinical, laboratory (including bone turnover markers), areal bone mineral density (aBMD) and bone microarchitecture parameters using high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography (HR-pQCT). Based on the difference between final and baseline aBMD value, the patients were divided into three groups: aBMD gain (BG), aBMD loss (BL) and aBMD no change (NC). RESULTS The mean patient age was 18.7 ± 3.3 years. Sixty-one percent of patients presented with aBMD gain, 18.4% aBMD loss, and 20.4% remained stable during this follow-up period. Comparing the BL with the BG group, there was a higher frequency of alcohol consumption (p = 0.009), a higher frequency of inadequate calcium intake (p = 0.047) and lower levels of baseline procollagen type 1 amino-terminal propeptide (P1NP) (p = 0.036) in the BL group. Moreover, worsening of HR-pQCT parameters trabecular volumetric density (p = 0.003) and cortical thickness (p = 0.009) was observed in the BL group. In addition, a higher frequency of renal activity was observed comparing the BL + NC with the BG group (p = 0.036). CONCLUSIONS This is the first longitudinal study that has analyzed the risk factors of bone loss in JoSLE patients. The authors emphasize the importance of evaluating lifestyle habits and renal disease activity in these young women. Furthermore, this study suggests that trabecular and cortical compartments deteriorated, and low levels of P1NP may be a predictor of bone impairment in JoSLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- L F A de Sousa
- Rheumatology Division, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - J A Paupitz
- Rheumatology Division, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - N E Aikawa
- Rheumatology Division, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - L Takayama
- Rheumatology Division, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - V F Caparbo
- Rheumatology Division, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - R M R Pereira
- Rheumatology Division, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Sharawat IK, Dawman L, Kumkhaniya MV, Devpura K, Mehta A. Bone mineral density and its influencing factors in children with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome: a prospective observational study. Trop Doct 2019; 49:292-298. [PMID: 31408410 DOI: 10.1177/0049475519868055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Glucocorticoids are first-line therapy for children with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome (INS). These children are at risk of deranged bone metabolism and low bone mineral density (BMD). We studied 60 children with INS and divided them into two groups. Group 1 included 21 children (initial and infrequent relapsing) and group 2 included 39 children (frequent relapsing, steroid dependent and steroid resistant). Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry of the lumbar spine was performed to assess BMD. Mean BMD Z-score was compared in both groups; this correlated significantly on univariate analysis with cumulative steroid dose, serum vitamin D levels and calcium supplementation. However, on multivariate analysis, serum vitamin D level was the only factor significantly predictive of low z-score.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indar K Sharawat
- Junior Resident, Department of Pediatrics, Sawai Man Singh Medical College, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Lesa Dawman
- Junior Resident, Department of Pediatrics, Sawai Man Singh Medical College, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Merabhai V Kumkhaniya
- Junior Resident, Department of Pediatrics, Sawai Man Singh Medical College, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Kusum Devpura
- Professor, Department of Pediatrics, Sawai Man Singh Medical College, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Amarjeet Mehta
- Professor, Department of Pediatrics, Sawai Man Singh Medical College, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
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14
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Cheng VKF, Au PCM, Tan KC, Cheung CL. MicroRNA and Human Bone Health. JBMR Plus 2018; 3:2-13. [PMID: 30680358 PMCID: PMC6339549 DOI: 10.1002/jbm4.10115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Revised: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The small non‐coding microRNAs (miRNAs) are post‐transcription regulators that modulate diverse cellular process in bone cells. Because optimal miRNA targeting is essential for their function, single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within or proximal to the loci of miRNA (miR‐SNPs) or mRNA (PolymiRTS) could potentially disrupt the miRNA‐mRNA interaction, leading to changes in bone metabolism and osteoporosis. Recent human studies of skeletal traits using miRNA profiling, genomewide association studies, and functional studies started to decipher the complex miRNA regulatory network. These studies have indicated that miRNAs may be a promising bone marker. This review focuses on human miRNA studies on bone traits and discusses how genetic variants affect bone metabolic pathways. Major ex vivo investigations using human samples supported with animal and in vitro models have shed light on the mechanistic role of miRNAs. Furthermore, studying the miRNAs’ signatures in secondary osteoporosis and osteoporotic medications such as teriparatide (TPTD) and denosumab (DMab) have provided valuable insight into clinical management of the disease. © 2018 The Authors. JBMR Plus Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Ka-Fai Cheng
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy The University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Hong Kong
| | - Philip Chun-Ming Au
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy The University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Hong Kong
| | - Kathryn Cb Tan
- Department of Medicine The University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Hong Kong
| | - Ching-Lung Cheung
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy The University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Hong Kong.,Centre for Genomic Sciences Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine The University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Hong Kong
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Coskun Benlidayi I. Denosumab in the treatment of glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis. Rheumatol Int 2018; 38:1975-1984. [PMID: 30019224 DOI: 10.1007/s00296-018-4106-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Glucocorticoid therapy is the number one cause of secondary osteoporosis particularly effecting young individuals. Possessing an increased risk for fractures, glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis might interfere with patients' well-being and quality of life. Therefore, proper treatment of bone loss and prevention from fractures are of great importance. There are a limited number of therapeutic and preventative options for glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis. Denosumab, with its high anti-resorptive potential, has been studied several times among patients on glucocorticoid therapy. However, a comprehensive look analysing the current data is lacking. Thus, the objective of the current article is to evaluate the current evidence on the efficacy, as well as the safety profile of denosumab in glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis. Pubmed/MEDLINE, Scopus and Web of Science databases were searched for the terms denosumab, glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis, steroid-induced osteoporosis, glucocorticoids and osteoporosis. Relevant data regarding the efficacy and safety of denosumab among patients with glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis was analysed. Denosumab contributes to increased bone mineral density and decreased bone-turnover marker levels among glucocorticoid users. It is an effective therapeutic option with a favourable safety profile in glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilke Coskun Benlidayi
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey.
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16
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Lima GL, Paupitz JA, Aikawa NE, Alvarenga JC, Pereira RMR. A randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial of vitamin D supplementation in juvenile-onset systemic lupus erythematosus: positive effect on trabecular microarchitecture using HR-pQCT. Osteoporos Int 2018; 29:587-594. [PMID: 29152675 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-017-4316-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED In this randomized double-blind placebo-controlled 24-week trial, cholecalciferol supplementation at 50,000 IU/week effectively improved bone microarchitecture parameters in juvenile-onset systemic lupus erythematosus (JoSLE) patients, as assessed by high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography (HR-pQCT) at tibia site. An increase in the trabecular number and a decrease in the trabecular separation were observed, suggesting that vitamin D supplementation may be recommended for JoSLE patients with its deficiency. INTRODUCTION Vitamin D has an important effect on bone but there are no trials that directly address the boosting of serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) in bone microarchitecture in JoSLE patients. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of vitamin D supplementation on bone microarchitecture parameters using HR-pQCT in JoSLE patients. METHODS This study was a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled 24-week trial. Forty female JoSLE patients were randomized (1:1) to receive oral cholecalciferol at 50,000 IU/week (JoSLE-VitD) or placebo (JoSLE-PL). The medications remained stable throughout the study. Serum levels of 25OHD were measured using a radioimmunoassay. The bone microarchitecture and volumetric bone density were analyzed using HR-pQCT at tibia site. RESULTS At baseline, the groups were similar with respect to their age, body mass index, organ involvement, glucocorticoid dose, immunosuppressant use, serum 25OHD levels, and HR-pQCT parameters. After 24 weeks, higher 25OHD levels were observed in the JoSLE-VitD group compared to the JoSLE-PL group [31.3 (8.6) vs. 16.5 (5.8) ng/mL, p < 0.001]. An increase in the trabecular number [∆Tb.N 0.16 (0.24) vs. 0.03 (0.19) 1/mm, p = 0.024] and a decrease in the trabecular separation [∆ThSp -0.045 (0.067) vs. 0.001 (0.009) mm, p = 0.017] were found in the JoSLE-VitD group compared to the JoSLE-PL group at tibia site. No differences were observed in other structural parameters [trabecular (Tb.Th) or cortical thickness (Ct.Th)], volumetric bone mineral densities, cortical porosity, and biomechanical parameters (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION This study suggests that cholecalciferol supplementation for 24 weeks effectively improved the bone microarchitecture parameters, mainly the trabecular number, in JoSLE patients. TRIAL REGISTRATION NCT01892748.
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Affiliation(s)
- G L Lima
- Division of Rheumatology, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - J A Paupitz
- Division of Rheumatology, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - N E Aikawa
- Division of Rheumatology, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - J C Alvarenga
- Division of Rheumatology, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - R M Rodrigues Pereira
- Division of Rheumatology, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
- Faculdade de Medicina da USP, Reumatologia, Av Dr Arnaldo, 455, 3° andar, sala 3193, Sao Paulo-SP, 01246-903, Brazil.
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Factors influencing spinal sagittal balance, bone mineral density, and Oswestry Disability Index outcome measures in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. EUROPEAN SPINE JOURNAL : OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE EUROPEAN SPINE SOCIETY, THE EUROPEAN SPINAL DEFORMITY SOCIETY, AND THE EUROPEAN SECTION OF THE CERVICAL SPINE RESEARCH SOCIETY 2017; 27:406-415. [PMID: 29185111 DOI: 10.1007/s00586-017-5401-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Revised: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 11/18/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To identify the factors influencing spinal sagittal alignment, bone mineral density (BMD), and Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) outcome measures in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). METHODS We enrolled 272 RA patients to identify the factors influencing sagittal vertical axis (SVA). Out of this, 220 had evaluation of bone mineral density (BMD) and vertebral deformity (VD) on the sagittal plane; 183 completed the ODI questionnaire. We collected data regarding RA-associated clinical parameters and standing lateral X-ray images via an ODI questionnaire from April to December 2012 at a single center. Patients with a history of spinal surgery or any missing clinical data were excluded. Clinical parameters included age, sex, body mass index, RA disease duration, disease activity score 28 erythrocyte sedimentation rate (DAS28-ESR), serum anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibody, serum rheumatoid factor, serum matrix metalloproteinase-3, BMD and treatment type at survey, such as methotrexate (MTX), biological disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs, and glucocorticoids. We measured radiological parameters including pelvic incidence (PI), lumbar lordosis (LL), and SVA. We statistically identified the factors influencing SVA, BMD, VD, and ODI using multivariate regression analysis. RESULTS Multivariate regression analysis showed that larger SVA correlated with older age, higher DAS28-ESR, MTX nonuse, and glucocorticoid use. Lower BMD was associated with female, older age, higher DAS28-ESR, and MTX nonuse. VD was associated with older age, longer disease duration, lower BMD, and glucocorticoid use. Worse ODI correlated with older age, larger PI-LL mismatch or larger SVA, higher DAS28-ESR, and glucocorticoid use. CONCLUSIONS In managing low back pain and spinal sagittal alignment in RA patients, RA-related clinical factors and the treatment type should be taken into consideration.
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Meng J, Li Y, Yuan X, Lu Y. Evaluating osteoporotic fracture risk with the Fracture Risk Assessment Tool in Chinese patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2017; 96:e6677. [PMID: 28471962 PMCID: PMC5419908 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000006677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aims to evaluate the discriminative and predictive capacity of the Fracture Risk Assessment Tool (FRAX) to determine the 10-year risk of osteoporotic fracture in Chinese rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients.This study included 168 RA patients and 168 healthy individuals as controls. The Chinese mainland FRAX model was applied to calculate the 10-year risk of osteoporotic fractures, defined as fracture of the spine, forearm, hip, or shoulder.The incidence of osteoporosis was significantly increased in RA patients compared to controls (P < .05). Bone mineral density (BMD), lumbar vertebra T-score, and femoral neck T-score were significantly lower in RA patients compared to controls (P < .05). BMD, disease duration, DAS28, and glucocorticoid use were important risk factors for osteoporotic fractures in Chinese RA patients. Ten-year osteoporotic fracture risk in Chinese RA patients was higher when BMD was incorporated in FRAX.There was a higher incidence of osteoporosis and reduced BMD in RA patients compared to controls. The FRAX model should integrate femoral neck BMD with other risk factors to evaluate osteoporotic fracture risk in RA patients, making it a valuable screening tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Meng
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology
| | - Yanchun Li
- Department of Nephrology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Chaoyang District, Beijing, PR China
| | | | - Yuewu Lu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology
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Siddiqui JA, Partridge NC. Physiological Bone Remodeling: Systemic Regulation and Growth Factor Involvement. Physiology (Bethesda) 2017; 31:233-45. [PMID: 27053737 DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00061.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 246] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone remodeling is essential for adult bone homeostasis. It comprises two phases: bone formation and resorption. The balance between the two phases is crucial for sustaining bone mass and systemic mineral homeostasis. This review highlights recent work on physiological bone remodeling and discusses our knowledge of how systemic and growth factors regulate this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jawed A Siddiqui
- Department of Basic Science and Craniofacial Biology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, New York
| | - Nicola C Partridge
- Department of Basic Science and Craniofacial Biology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, New York
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20
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Balasubramanian A, Wade SW, Adler RA, Lin CJF, Maricic M, O'Malley CD, Saag K, Curtis JR. Glucocorticoid exposure and fracture risk in patients with new-onset rheumatoid arthritis. Osteoporos Int 2016; 27:3239-3249. [PMID: 27273113 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-016-3646-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2016] [Accepted: 05/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Retrospective claims analysis indicated that high levels of daily and cumulative doses of systemic glucocorticoids were associated with elevated fracture risk in a large cohort of new RA patients under age 65. Heightened risk began to decline within months of discontinuation. Findings were similar among patients age <50 years. INTRODUCTION We evaluated the impact of systemic glucocorticoid exposure on fracture risk among relatively young patients with new-onset rheumatoid arthritis (RA). METHODS Using administrative data, we identified 42,127 RA patients diagnosed January 1, 2005-December 31, 2012, age 18-64 years, with benefits coverage for ≥12 months before RA diagnosis. Follow-up extended to clinical fracture, cancer diagnosis, or December 31, 2012. Glucocorticoid users were new to therapy. Fracture incidence rates (IR) were stratified by glucocorticoid exposure expressed as prednisone equivalent doses. Cox's proportional hazards models estimated fracture risk adjusted for demographics and baseline clinical characteristics to assess dose-response relationships with current (daily) and prior (cumulative) dose, and by time since discontinuation. RESULTS Most patients (85 %) had glucocorticoid exposure. Exposed and unexposed patients were demographically similar (74 % female; mean age 49.7 and 48.8 years); 1 % had prior fracture. Fracture IRs (95 % confidence intervals) were 5 to 9 per 1000 person-years at doses <15 mg/day, 16.0 (11.0, 22.6) at doses ≥15 mg/day, and 13.4 (10.7, 16.7) at cumulative doses ≥5400 mg. Adjusted fracture risk was approximately 2-fold higher at highest dose levels compared with 0 mg/day current daily dose and <675 mg cumulative dose, respectively. Fracture risk was 29 % lower at 60-182 days post-discontinuation compared with ongoing use and was similar to unexposed patients by 12 months. Findings were similar among patients age <50 years. CONCLUSIONS Among younger, new-onset RA patients, fracture risk was significantly elevated at high levels of daily and cumulative dose, and was similar to unexposed patients by 12 months post-discontinuation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - S W Wade
- Wade Outcomes Research and Consulting, 358 South 700 East, Suite B-432, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
| | - R A Adler
- McGuire Veterans Affairs Medical Center and Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - C J F Lin
- Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks and San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - M Maricic
- University of Arizona School of Medicine, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - C D O'Malley
- Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks and San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - K Saag
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - J R Curtis
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
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Alekperov RТ, Smirnov AV, Toroptsova NV, Kudinsky DM. [Bone mineral density in patients with scleroderma systematica]. TERAPEVT ARKH 2016; 88:37-42. [PMID: 27239925 DOI: 10.17116/terarkh201688537-42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
AIM To study the frequency and magnitude of a reduction in bone mineral density (BMD) and its association with clinical parameters in patients with scleroderma systematica (SDS). SUBJECTS AND METHODS Fifty-six postmenopausal women aged 45-71 years (58.1±7.1 years) with a valid diagnosis of SDS and 44 age-matched healthy women were examined. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (Hologic QDR 4500, Waltham, MA) was performed in all the included patients to measure BMD in the lumbar spine (L(I)-L(IV)), femoral neck, and proximal femur. RESULTS The patients with SDS and the healthy women showed no differences in body mass index (BMI) (24.7±4.6 and 25.7±3.5 kg/m(2), respectively) and postmenopause duration (9.6±6.4 and 9.5±7.0 years, respectively); menopause occurred earlier in the patients with SDS than in the healthy women (46.9±3.6 and 49.7±3.0 years, respectively (p<0.001). The patients with SDS versus the controls had a significantly lower BMD in the lumbar spine (0.821±0.121 and 0.861±0.092 g/cm(2); р<0.05), femoral neck (0.620±0.129 and 0.736±0.112 g/cm(2); p<0.0001), and proximal femur (0.736±0.148 and 0.884±0.124 g/cm(2); р<0.0001). Osteoporosis (OP) was detected in 29 (52%) of the 56 patients and in only 5 (11%) of the 44 control women (р<0.0001). The patients with diffuse SDS displayed a much greater reduction in BMD in all the regions than those with circumscribed SDS. BMD was significantly lower in the patients treated with glucocorticosteroids (GCS) than in the untreated ones. In the control group, BMD was associated with age, duration of menopause, and BMI. In the patients with SDS, BMD was correlated with BMI and inversely correlated with duration of menopause, and the magnitude of a BMD reduction was closely related to disease duration. The patients also showed an inverse correlation of BMD with the daily dose of GCS. CONCLUSION The postmenopausal women with SDS were found to have a lower BMD in 80% of cases. In this category of women, the reduction in BMD was significantly commoner and more pronounced than in the age-matched healthy women. Low BMI, diffuse SDS, disease duration, and GCS use are risk factors for reduced BMD and OP.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Т Alekperov
- V.A. Nasonova Research Institute of Rheumatology, Moscow, Russia; M.F. Vladimirsky Moscow Regional Research and Clinical Institute, Moscow, Russia
| | - A V Smirnov
- V.A. Nasonova Research Institute of Rheumatology, Moscow, Russia
| | - N V Toroptsova
- V.A. Nasonova Research Institute of Rheumatology, Moscow, Russia
| | - D M Kudinsky
- V.A. Nasonova Research Institute of Rheumatology, Moscow, Russia
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Oray M, Abu Samra K, Ebrahimiadib N, Meese H, Foster CS. Long-term side effects of glucocorticoids. Expert Opin Drug Saf 2016; 15:457-65. [PMID: 26789102 DOI: 10.1517/14740338.2016.1140743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 424] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Glucocorticoids represent the standard therapy for reducing inflammation and immune activation in various diseases. However, as with any potent medication, they are not without side effects. Glucocorticoid-associated side effects may involve most major organ systems. Musculoskeletal, gastrointestinal, cardiovascular, endocrine, neuropsychiatric, dermatologic, ocular, and immunologic side effects are all possible. AREAS COVERED This article analyzes English-language literature and provides an update on the most recent literature regarding side effects of systemic glucocorticoid treatment. EXPERT OPINION The risk/benefit ratio of glucocorticoid therapy can be improved by proper use. Careful monitoring and using appropriate preventive strategies can potentially minimize side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merih Oray
- a Massachusetts Eye Research and Surgery Institution (MERSI) , Waltham , MA , USA.,b Ocular Immunology and Uveitis Foundation , Waltham , MA , USA.,c Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Department of Ophthalmology , Istanbul University , Istanbul , Turkey
| | - Khawla Abu Samra
- a Massachusetts Eye Research and Surgery Institution (MERSI) , Waltham , MA , USA.,b Ocular Immunology and Uveitis Foundation , Waltham , MA , USA
| | - Nazanin Ebrahimiadib
- a Massachusetts Eye Research and Surgery Institution (MERSI) , Waltham , MA , USA.,b Ocular Immunology and Uveitis Foundation , Waltham , MA , USA
| | - Halea Meese
- a Massachusetts Eye Research and Surgery Institution (MERSI) , Waltham , MA , USA.,b Ocular Immunology and Uveitis Foundation , Waltham , MA , USA
| | - C Stephen Foster
- a Massachusetts Eye Research and Surgery Institution (MERSI) , Waltham , MA , USA.,b Ocular Immunology and Uveitis Foundation , Waltham , MA , USA.,d Department of Ophthalmology , Harvard Medical School , Boston , MA , USA
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Silva CA, Aikawa NE, Pereira RMR, Campos LMA. Management considerations for childhood-onset systemic lupus erythematosus patients and implications on therapy. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2015; 12:301-13. [DOI: 10.1586/1744666x.2016.1123621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Clovis Artur Silva
- Pediatric Rheumatology Unit, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Rheumatology Division, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Nadia Emi Aikawa
- Pediatric Rheumatology Unit, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Rheumatology Division, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Level of Adherence to Prophylactic Osteoporosis Medication amongst Patients with Polymyalgia Rheumatica and Giant Cell Arteritis: A Cross-Sectional Study. Int J Rheumatol 2015; 2015:783709. [PMID: 26491449 PMCID: PMC4603323 DOI: 10.1155/2015/783709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2015] [Accepted: 09/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective. To estimate level of adherence to oral calcium and vitamin D supplementation as well as bisphosphonate amongst patients with PMR and GCA treated with glucocorticoids. Method. A total of 138 patients with the diagnosis of PMR and/or GCA registered in our department in December 2013. In this cross-sectional study we interviewed all the patients to measure level of adherence to calcium and vitamin D, as well as bisphosphonates. Results. Out of the 118 included patients, 88.9% of them were adherent to their prescription. Only 2 patients (1.7%) did not take calcium and vitamin D at all and 10 patients (8.5%) took their medication infrequently, 9 and 1 out of 10 patients took the medication 50-100% of the time and less than 50% of the prescribed dose, respectively. Sixty-one patients received additional treatment with bisphosphonate and 96.6% were adherent to this therapy. The remaining 3.4% of the patients did not take the medication at all. Forgetfulness, adverse side effects, and lack of understanding of treatment benefits were the most significant causes for nonadherence to calcium and vitamin D. Conclusions. Contrary to what we expected this study found that adherence to osteoporosis preventive medication in patients with PMR and GCA was high.
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Lin X, Xiong D, Peng YQ, Sheng ZF, Wu XY, Wu XP, Wu F, Yuan LQ, Liao EY. Epidemiology and management of osteoporosis in the People's Republic of China: current perspectives. Clin Interv Aging 2015; 10:1017-33. [PMID: 26150706 PMCID: PMC4485798 DOI: 10.2147/cia.s54613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
With the progressive aging of the population, osteoporosis has gradually grown into a global health problem for men and women aged 50 years and older because of its consequences in terms of disabilities and fragility fractures. This is especially true in the People's Republic of China, which has the largest population and an increasing proportion of elderly people, as osteoporosis has become a serious challenge to the Chinese government, society, and family. Apart from the fact that all osteoporotic fractures can increase the patient's morbidity, they can also result in fractures of the hip and vertebrae, which are associated with a significantly higher mortality. The cost of osteoporotic fractures, moreover, is a heavy burden on families, society, and even the country, which is likely to increase in the future due, in part, to the improvement in average life expectancy. Therefore, understanding the epidemiology of osteoporosis is essential and is significant for developing strategies to help reduce this problem. In this review, we will summarize the epidemiology of osteoporosis in the People's Republic of China, including the epidemiology of osteoporotic fractures, focusing on preventive methods and the management of osteoporosis, which consist of basic measures and pharmacological treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Lin
- Institute of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan Xiong
- Institute of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi-Qun Peng
- Institute of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Feng Sheng
- Institute of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xi-Yu Wu
- Institute of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xian-Ping Wu
- Institute of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Wu
- Department of Pathology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling-Qing Yuan
- Institute of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Er-Yuan Liao
- Institute of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
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Zavala-Cerna MG, Moran-Moguel MC, Cornejo-Toledo JA, Gonzalez-Montoya NG, Sanchez-Corona J, Salazar-Paramo M, Nava-Zavala AH, Aguilar-Chavez EA, Alcaraz-Lopez MF, Gonzalez-Sanchez AG, Gonzalez-Lopez L, Gamez-Nava JI. Osteoprotegerin Polymorphisms in a Mexican Population with Rheumatoid Arthritis and Generalized Osteoporosis: A Preliminary Report. J Immunol Res 2015; 2015:376197. [PMID: 26065000 PMCID: PMC4433710 DOI: 10.1155/2015/376197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2014] [Revised: 09/12/2014] [Accepted: 09/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone disease in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a complex phenomenon where genetic risk factors have been partially evaluated. The system formed by receptor activator for nuclear factor-κB (RANK), receptor activator for nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL), and osteoprotegerin (OPG): RANK/RANKL/OPG is a crucial molecular pathway for coupling between osteoblasts and osteoclasts, since OPG is able to inhibit osteoclast differentiation and activation. We aim to evaluate the association between SNPs C950T (rs2073617), C209T (rs3134069), T245G (rs3134070) in the TNFRSF11B (OPG) gene, and osteoporosis in RA. We included 81 women with RA and 52 healthy subjects in a cross-sectional study, genotyped them, and measured bone mineral density (BMD) at the lumbar spine and the femoral neck. Mean age in RA was 50 ± 12 with disease duration of 12 ± 8 years. According to BMD results, 23 (33.3%) were normal and 46 (66.7%) had osteopenia/osteoporosis. We found a higher prevalence of C allele for C950T SNP in RA. Polymorphisms C209T and T245G did not reach statistical significance in allele distribution. Further studies including patients from other regions of Latin America with a multicenter design to increase the sample size are required to confirm our findings and elucidate if C950T SNP could be associated with osteoporosis in RA.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maria Cristina Moran-Moguel
- Division de Medicina Molecular del Centro de Investigacion Biomedica de Occidente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, 44340 Guadalajara, JAL, Mexico
| | - Jesus Alejandro Cornejo-Toledo
- Division de Medicina Molecular del Centro de Investigacion Biomedica de Occidente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, 44340 Guadalajara, JAL, Mexico
| | - Norma Guadalupe Gonzalez-Montoya
- Programa de Becarios en Investigacion del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Programa de Doctorado en Farmacologia, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, 44340 Guadalajara, JAL, Mexico
| | - Jose Sanchez-Corona
- Division de Medicina Molecular del Centro de Investigacion Biomedica de Occidente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, 44340 Guadalajara, JAL, Mexico
| | - Mario Salazar-Paramo
- Division de Investigacion en Salud, UMAE, Hospital de Especialidades, CMNO, IMSS and Departamento de Fisiologia, CUCS, Universidad de Guadalajara, 44340 Guadalajara, JAL, Mexico
| | - Arnulfo Hernan Nava-Zavala
- Programa Internacional, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autonoma de Guadalajara, 44100 Zapopan, JAL, Mexico
- Unidad de Investigacion en Epidemiologia Clinica, Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Medico Nacional de Occidente del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, 44340 Guadalajara, JAL, Mexico
- Servicio de Medicina Interna, Inmunologia y Reumatologia, Hospital General de Occidente, Secretaria de Salud Jalisco, 45170 Guadalajara, JAL, Mexico
| | | | - Miriam Fabiola Alcaraz-Lopez
- Departamento de Medicina Interna-Reumatologia, Hospital General de Zona 14, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, 44860 Guadalajara, JAL, Mexico
| | - Alicia Guadalupe Gonzalez-Sanchez
- Programa de Becarios en Investigacion del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Programa de Doctorado en Farmacologia, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, 44340 Guadalajara, JAL, Mexico
| | - Laura Gonzalez-Lopez
- Departamento de Medicina Interna-Reumatologia del Hospital General Regional No. 110, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social y Programa de Doctorado en Salud Publica, CUCS, Universidad de Guadalajara, 44340 Guadalajara, JAL, Mexico
| | - Jorge Ivan Gamez-Nava
- Unidad de Investigación en Epidemiologia Clinica, Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Medico Nacional de Occidente del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social y Programa de Doctorado en Salud Publica, CUCS, Universidad de Guadalajara, 44340 Guadalajara, JAL, Mexico
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Bonfá AC, Seguro LPC, Caparbo V, Bonfá E, Pereira RMR. RANKL and OPG gene polymorphisms: associations with vertebral fractures and bone mineral density in premenopausal systemic lupus erythematosus. Osteoporos Int 2015; 26:1563-71. [PMID: 25609157 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-015-3029-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2014] [Accepted: 01/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Premenopausal women with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) have a higher prevalence of low bone mineral density and vertebral fractures. Multiple genetic loci for osteoporotic fracture were identified in recent genome-wide association studies. This study provides a novel data demonstrating that receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL)/osteoprotegerin (OPG) polymorphisms likely plays an important role in the bone remodeling process in SLE premenopausal women. INTRODUCTION The purpose of this study was to evaluate single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the RANKL, RANK, and OPG genes in premenopausal SLE patients and their association with sRANKL and OPG serum levels, vertebral fractures, and bone mineral density (BMD). METHODS A total of 211 premenopausal SLE patients (American College of Rheumatology (ACR) criteria) and 154 healthy controls were enrolled. SNPs of RANKL 290A>G (rs2277438), OPG 1181G>C (rs2073618), 245T>G (rs3134069), 163A>G (rs3102735), and RANK A>G (rs3018362) were obtained by real-time PCR. sRANKL/OPG serum levels were determined by ELISA. BMD and vertebral fractures were evaluated by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). RESULTS SLE patients and controls had similar frequencies of the RANKL 290 G allele (p = 0.94), OPG 1181 C allele (p = 0.85), OPG 245 G allele (p = 0.85), OPG 163 G allele (p = 0.78), and RANK G allele (p = 0.87). Further analysis of the SLE patients revealed that the frequency of the RANKL 290 G allele was lower in patients with fractures than that in patients without fractures (28.1 vs 46.9%, p = 0.01). In addition, the frequency of the OPG 245 G allele was higher in patients with low BMD than that in patients with normal BMD (31.4 vs 18.1%, p = 0.04). No association of OPG 1181 G>C, OPG 163 A>G, and RANK A>G SNPs with BMD/fractures was found. Additionally, no association was observed between RANKL/OPG/RANK SNPs and sRANKL/OPG serum levels. CONCLUSIONS Our study provides novel data demonstrating that RANKL/OPG genetic variations appear to play a role in bone remodeling, particularly in its major complication, fracture, in premenopausal patients with SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- A C Bonfá
- Rheumatology Division, Faculdade Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 455, 3 andar, Sala, 3105, São Paulo, Brazil
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Gao LX, Jin HT, Xue XM, Wang J, Liu DG. Osteoporosis in rheumatic diseases. World J Rheumatol 2015; 5:23-35. [DOI: 10.5499/wjr.v5.i1.23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2014] [Revised: 09/19/2014] [Accepted: 10/29/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Rheumatic diseases, characterized by chronic inflammation and damage to various organs and systems, include systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis and other connective tissue diseases. Bone is a target in many inflammatory rheumatic diseases. In recent years, the survival of patients with rheumatic diseases has increased markedly and the relationship between rheumatic diseases and osteoporosis (OP) has become more prominent. OP and related fragility fractures increase the morbidity and mortality of rheumatic disease. The cause of OP in rheumatic diseases is complex. The pathogenesis of OP in rheumatic diseases is multifactorial, including disease and treatment-related factors. Osteoimmunology, a crosstalk between inflammatory and bone cells, provides some insight into the pathogenesis of bone loss in systematic inflammatory diseases. The aim of this article is to review different risk factors in rheumatic diseases. Several factors play a role, such as chronic inflammation, immunological factors, traditional factors, metabolism and drug factors. Chronic inflammation is the most important risk factor and drug treatment is complex in patients with OP and rheumatic disease. Attention should be paid to bone loss in rheumatic disease. Optimal treatment of the underlying rheumatic disease is the first step towards prevention of OP and fractures. Apart from that, a healthy lifestyle is important as well as calcium and vitamin D supplementation. Bisphosphonates or denosumab might be necessary for patients with a low T score.
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Prevalence and possible risk factors of low bone mineral density in untreated female patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:510514. [PMID: 25738154 PMCID: PMC4337055 DOI: 10.1155/2015/510514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2014] [Accepted: 01/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease characterized by chronic inflammation. Different studies have shown decreased bone mineral density (BMD) in patients with SLE. The objective of this study was to investigate the prevalence and possible risk factors of low BMD in untreated female patients with SLE in Chinese population. A total of 119 untreated female patients with SLE were included. BMD was measured at lumbar spine and at total hip by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. The associations between decreased BMD and demographic variables, clinical variables, and bone metabolism variables were analyzed. These SLE patients had the following characteristics: mean age was 32.6 ± 11.9 years, mean disease duration was 22.1 ± 34.5 months, and mean SLEDAI was 11.4 ± 5.4. Osteopenia was present in 31.1% of the patients and osteoporosis in 8.5%. A significant negative association between low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c) and BMD at the lumbar spine (correlation coefficient = −0.242; P = 0.023) and total hip (correlation coefficient = −0.259; P = 0.019) was shown. These results seem to indicate that increased LDL-c may be an important risk factor for low BMD at lumbar spine and total hip in untreated female SLE patients.
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Seguro LPC, Casella CB, Caparbo VF, Oliveira RM, Bonfa A, Bonfa E, Pereira RMR. Lower P1NP serum levels: a predictive marker of bone loss after 1 year follow-up in premenopausal systemic lupus erythematosus patients. Osteoporos Int 2015; 26:459-67. [PMID: 25146092 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-014-2860-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2014] [Accepted: 08/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
SUMMARY Predictors of bone mineral density (BMD) loss are additional tools in the management of osteoporosis in premenopausal women with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). This study provides original evidence that N-terminal propeptide of type 1 collagen (P1NP), the most specific bone formation marker, is a predictor of BMD loss in this group of women. INTRODUCTION SLE is associated with a high risk of low bone mass/fractures but this risk is still controversial in premenopausal women. Our aim was to determine the 1 year incidence of BMD loss in premenopausal SLE women and the value of bone turnover markers as predictors of this complication. METHODS This study enrolled a convenience sample of 63 premenopausal SLE patients. BMD was evaluated by dual X-ray absorptiometry at lumbar spine and hip at baseline and after 12 months. BMD changes above the least significant change were considered significant. Serum levels of P1NP and CTX (electrochemiluminescence), OPG, and RANKL (ELISA) were determined at baseline. RESULTS Mean age was 31.1±6.8 years, and disease duration was 5.25±3.8 years. 36.5 % of patients presented BMD loss and 17.5 % BMD gain at lumbar spine and/or hip. Patients were divided in three groups: BMD loss (BL), no BMD change (NC), and BMD gain (BG). Patients with BL and NC received similar cumulative/mean/maximum glucocorticoid doses during the study, but patients with BG received lower doses (p<0.05). Baseline P1NP levels were different in the groups (BL: 36.95±23.37 vs. NC: 54.63±30.82 vs. BG: 84.09±43.85 ng/mL; p=0.031 BL vs. NC, p<0.001 BL vs. BG, and p=0.039 NC vs. BG). There was no difference in CTX, OPG, or RANKL levels. After multivariate analysis, P1NP remained as an independent risk factor for BMD loss (p<0.03). CONCLUSIONS This study provides original evidence that lower levels of P1NP, the most specific bone formation marker, are predictive of BMD loss over 12 months in premenopausal SLE patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- L P C Seguro
- Rheumatology Division, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Osteoporosis in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus - Correlations with Disease Activity and Organ Damage. CURRENT HEALTH SCIENCES JOURNAL 2015; 41:109-114. [PMID: 30364875 PMCID: PMC6201199 DOI: 10.12865/chsj.41.02.04] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2014] [Accepted: 03/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE to assess the incidence of osteoporosis in a cohort of SLE patients and to determine the possible correlations with disease activity, organ damage and glucocorticoid therapy. MATERIAL AND METHODS We analyzed a cohort that included 25 consecutive SLE patients, diagnosed according to ACR revised criteria, and 21 controls, with the same demographic characteristics. We assessed demographic, life style related, clinical, biologic and immunologic data; also, we registered information about the treatment and calculated disease activity and damage scores. Bone mineral density was measured both in lumbar spine and total hip, using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. RESULTS Evaluation of T score profile, both in lumbar spine and total hip, established a percentage of 36 (9) patients with osteoporosis, 40 (10) patients with osteopenia and 24 (6) cases with normal values. Mean T score in lumbar spine was -1.28+1.31 SD and for the total hip -1.21+1.34 SD. Analysis of correlation between T score, both in lumbar spine and total hip, and SLEDAI, established a moderate, negative correlation; for SDI we obtained a moderate correlation, both for lumbar spine and total hip, statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS our results show an increased percentage of osteoporosis among SLE patients and a relation to disease and treatment variables, imposing a periodic evaluation, in order to establish an early diagnosis, the proper therapeutic measures, and to prevent the major consequence, vertebral and non-vertebral fractures.
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Russell GM, Lightman SL. Can side effects of steroid treatments be minimized by the temporal aspects of delivery method? Expert Opin Drug Saf 2014; 13:1501-13. [DOI: 10.1517/14740338.2014.965141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Kocijan R, Finzel S, Englbrecht M, Engelke K, Rech J, Schett G. Decreased quantity and quality of the periarticular and nonperiarticular bone in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a cross-sectional HR-pQCT study. J Bone Miner Res 2014; 29:1005-14. [PMID: 24123099 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.2109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2013] [Revised: 09/08/2013] [Accepted: 09/19/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a highly bone destructive disease. Although it is well established that RA leads to bone loss and increased fracture risk, current knowledge on the microstructural changes of bone in RA is still limited. The purpose of this study was to assess the microstructure of periarticular and nonperiarticular bone in female and male RA patients and compare it with respective healthy controls. We performed two high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography (HR-pQCT; Xtreme-CT) scans, one of the distal radius and one of the ultradistal radius in 90 patients with RA (60 females, 30 males) and 70 healthy controls (40 females, 30 males) matched for sex, age, and body mass index. Volumetric bone mineral density (vBMD), bone geometry, and bone microstructure including trabecular bone volume fraction (BV/TV), trabecular number (Tb.N), trabecular thickness (Tb.Th), cortical thickness (Ct.Th) and cortical porosity (Ct.Po) were assessed. At the distal and ultradistal radius, trabecular (p=0.005 and p<0.001) and cortical BMD (p<0.001 and p<0.001) were significantly decreased in male and female patients with RA, respectively. BV/TV was also decreased at both sites, based on lower Tb.N in female RA (p<0.001 for both sites) and lower Tb.Th (p=0.034 and p=0.005) in male RA patients compared with respective healthy controls. Cortical thinning (p=0.018 and p=0.002) but not Ct.Po (p=0.070 and p=0.275) was pronounced in male and female RA patients at the distal radius. Cortical perimeter was increased in male and female RA patients at both sites. Multiple regression models showed that bone geometry (cortical perimeter) is predominantly influenced by age of the RA patient, cortical thickness by both age and disease duration, and trabecular microstructure predominantly by the disease duration. In summary, these data show profound deterioration of bone microstructure in the appendicular skeleton of RA patients at both periarticular and nonperiarticular sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roland Kocijan
- Department of Internal Medicine 3 and Institute of Clinical Immunology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany; St. Vincent Hospital-Medical Department II, The VINFORCE Study Group, Academic Teaching Hospital of Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Measurement of bone mineral density by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry in juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Indian J Pediatr 2014; 81:126-32. [PMID: 23645223 DOI: 10.1007/s12098-013-1037-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2012] [Accepted: 04/03/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate bone mineral density using dual X-ray absorptiometry in Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (JIA) patients and factors affecting it, if any. METHODS A cross sectional study was conducted by enrolling thirty five patients of JIA and age and sex matched controls. Bone Mineral Density (BMD) and Z score of whole body, total body less head, lumbar spine and distal radius were obtained and adjusted for age, sex, weight and BMI in both cases and controls. Dietary intake of calcium, vitamin D intake, sunlight exposure, weight bearing physical activity, age of onset, duration of disease, disease activity score and treatment received (prednisolone and methotrexate) were recorded. RESULTS BMD was significantly lower among patients as compared to controls. Decreased dietary intake of vitamin D and calcium, decreased weight bearing physical activity and sunlight exposure were the major factors for low BMD. Use of steroid also decreased BMD to some extent, whereas use of methotrexate, disease duration and severity did not have a significant correlation with BMD. CONCLUSIONS Apart from disease control, it is important to improve the dietary intake of calcium, vitamin D and encourage more physical activities and exposure to sunlight in JIA patients.
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Ericson-Neilsen W, Kaye AD. Steroids: pharmacology, complications, and practice delivery issues. Ochsner J 2014; 14:203-207. [PMID: 24940130 PMCID: PMC4052587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Since their identification nearly 80 years ago, steroids have played a prominent role in the treatment of many disease states. Many of the clinical roles of steroids are related to their potent antiinflammatory and immune-modulating properties. METHODS This review summarizes the basic pharmacology, complications, and practice delivery issues regarding steroids. RESULTS Clinically relevant side effects of steroids are common and problematic. Side effects can occur at a wide range of doses and vary depending on the route of administration. The full spectrum of side effects can be present even in patients taking low doses. CONCLUSIONS Practitioners must be aware that these drugs might exacerbate a preexisting condition or present a new medical condition. Knowledge of the clinical implications of prescribing these agents is critical.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alan David Kaye
- Departments of Anesthesiology and Pharmacology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA
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Sainaghi PP, Bellan M, Nerviani A, Sola D, Molinari R, Cerutti C, Pirisi M. Superiority of a high loading dose of cholecalciferol to correct hypovitaminosis d in patients with inflammatory/autoimmune rheumatic diseases. J Rheumatol 2012; 40:166-72. [PMID: 23242183 DOI: 10.3899/jrheum.120536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare 3 different cholecalciferol supplementation regimens in patients with rheumatic diseases. METHODS One hundred fifty-four patients who completed a 6-month course of cholecalciferol supplementation, of whom 111 had an autoimmune/inflammatory rheumatic disease (ARD) and 43 osteoarthritis (NARD), were retrospectively identified from a database of 872 consecutive adult patients who attended a tertiary level immuno-rheumatology clinic from 2007 to 2010. Patients with renal failure or primary hyperparathyroidism were excluded. Plasma 25-hydroxy vitamin D [25(OH)D] and parathyroid hormone (PTH) concentrations were evaluated at baseline and after completion of treatment with (i) a single oral dose of cholecalciferol 300,000 IU, followed by oral cholecalciferol 800-1000 IU daily for 6 months [high-dose loading treatment (HLT) group; n = 40]; (ii) a single oral dose of cholecalciferol 100,000 IU, followed by daily oral cholecalciferol as above [low-dose loading treatment (LLT) group; n = 30]; or (iii) daily oral cholecalciferol as above but without the loading dose [standard therapy (ST); n = 84]. RESULTS The rates of serum 25(OH)D and PTH normalization (defined as values > 75 nmol/l and < 72.9 pg/ml, respectively) were as follows: HLT, 52.5% (95% CI 37.5-68.5) and 69.2% (95% CI 54.7-83.3); LLT, 36.7% (95% CI 19.7-54.3) and 53.8% (95% CI 36.2-71.8); ST, 31.0% (95% CI 21.1-40.9) and 35.0% (95% CI 14.1-55.9). All regimes increased 25(OH)D (p < 0.001) but only HLT reduced PTH (p < 0.01) in comparison to baseline. The ARD group had a similar 25(OH)D increase but a smaller PTH reduction than the NARD (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION An HLT cholecalciferol regimen is needed to correct hypovitaminosis D of patients with rheumatic diseases, with superior 25(OH)D normalization and PTH suppression rates at 6 months.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pier Paolo Sainaghi
- Internal Medicine and Rheumatology Unit, Department of Translational Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale A. Avogadro and AOU Maggiore della Carità; and the Interdisciplinary Research Center of Autoimmune Diseases (IRCAD), Novara, Italy.
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Tanner SB, Moore CF. A review of the use of dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) in rheumatology. Open Access Rheumatol 2012; 4:99-107. [PMID: 27790018 PMCID: PMC5045107 DOI: 10.2147/oarrr.s29000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The principal use of dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) is to diagnose and monitor osteoporosis and therefore reduce fracture risk, associated morbidity, and mortality. In the field of rheumatology, DXA is an essential component of patient care because of both rheumatologists’ prescription of glucocorticoid treatment as well as the effects of rheumatological diseases on bone health. This review will summarize the use of DXA in the field of rheumatology, including the concern for glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis, as well as the association of osteoporosis with a sampling of such rheumatologic conditions as rheumatoid arthritis (RA), systemic lupus erythematosus, ankylosing spondylitis, juvenile idiopathic arthritis, and scleroderma or systemic sclerosis. Medicare guidelines recognize the need to perform DXA studies in patients treated with glucocorticoids, and the World Health Organization FRAX tool uses data from DXA as well as the independent risk factors of RA and glucocorticoid use to predict fracture risk. However, patient access to DXA measurement in the US is in jeopardy as a result of reimbursement restrictions. DXA technology can simultaneously be used to discover vertebral fractures with vertebral fracture assessment and provide patients with a rapid, convenient, and low-radiation opportunity to clarify future fracture and comorbidity risks. An emerging use of DXA technology is the analysis of body composition of RA patients and thus the recognition of “rheumatoid cachexia,” in which patients are noted to have a worse prognosis even when the RA appears well controlled. Therefore, the use of DXA in rheumatology is an important tool for detecting osteoporosis, reducing fracture risk and unfavorable outcomes in rheumatological conditions. The widespread use of glucocorticoids and the underlying inflammatory conditions create a need for assessment with DXA. There are complications of conditions found in rheumatology that could be prevented with more widespread patient access to DXA.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Bobo Tanner
- Division of Rheumatology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Charles F Moore
- Division of Rheumatology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
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Barragán-Martínez C, Amaya-Amaya J, Pineda-Tamayo R, Mantilla RD, Castellanos-de la Hoz J, Bernal-Macías S, Rojas-Villarraga A, Anaya JM. Gender Differences in Latin-American Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 9:490-510.e5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genm.2012.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2012] [Revised: 10/10/2012] [Accepted: 10/11/2012] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Abstract
The antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated systemic vasculitides (AASVs) include granulomatosis with polyangiitis and microscopic polyangiitis. These conditions are characterized by small-vessel inflammation and necrosis, predominantly in pulmonary and renal vascular beds. Untreated AASV has a poor prognosis, although the advent of effective immunosuppressive therapy (the mainstay of which remains cyclophosphamide with high-dose corticosteroids) has markedly improved patients' survival (78% at 5 years). Patients with AASV, however, continue to have an increased mortality compared to the general population. Mortality is greatest in the first year after diagnosis and remains consistently elevated in subsequent years. Patients with AASV also experience increased rates of infections, malignancies and cardiovascular events as compared to the general population. Current treatments for AASV, although effective in controlling the aggressive systemic disease, incur substantial long-term toxic effects. Long-term immunosuppressive therapy also has notable deleterious effects on bone health and fertility. The long-term safety profiles of biological therapies (such as rituximab) are yet to be evaluated in patients with AASV, but represent a promising treatment option. The challenge for the future is to develop specific therapies with improved safety profiles that can cure these diseases.
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Tournis S, Samdanis V, Psarelis S, Liakou C, Antoniou J, Georgoulas T, Dontas I, Papaioannou N, Gazi S, Lyritis GP. Effect of rheumatoid arthritis on volumetric bone mineral density and bone geometry, assessed by peripheral quantitative computed tomography in postmenopausal women treated with bisphosphonates. J Rheumatol 2012; 39:1215-20. [PMID: 22467921 DOI: 10.3899/jrheum.110579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) on volumetric bone mineral density (vBMD) and bone geometry in postmenopausal women treated with bisphosphonates. METHODS Fifty-three postmenopausal women with RA and 87 control subjects, comparable in terms of age, body mass index, and years since menopause, underwent peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT) of the nondominant tibia. RESULTS At 4% (trabecular site), trabecular bone mineral content (BMC) and vBMD (p < 0.001) were lower in the RA group, while trabecular area was comparable. At 38% (cortical site), cortical BMC (p < 0.01), area (p < 0.05), and thickness (p < 0.001) were lower in the RA group, whereas vBMD was comparable. Endosteal circumference was higher (p < 0.05), whereas periosteal circumference was comparable, indicating cancellization of cortical bone. In the RA group, muscle area was lower (p < 0.001), while at 14% polar stress strength index was significantly lower (p < 0.01) in patients with RA, indicating impairment of bone mechanical properties. CONCLUSION RA is associated with negative effects on both cortical and cancellous bone in postmenopausal women treated with bisphosphonates. Cortical geometric properties are also adversely affected mainly by increased endosteal circumference, whereas trabecular geometric properties are generally preserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Symeon Tournis
- Laboratory of Research of the Musculoskeletal System Th. Garofalidis, University of Athens, KAT Hospital, Athens, Greece.
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