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Zatti SA, Araújo BL, Adriano EA, Maia AAM. A new freshwater Ceratomyxa species (Myxozoa: Ceratomyxidae) parasitizing a sciaenid fish from the Amazon Basin, Brazil. Parasitol Int 2023; 97:102796. [PMID: 37595832 DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2023.102796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023]
Abstract
Myxozoans of Ceratomyxidae Doflein, 1899 are common coelozoic parasites of marine life, and are also found less frequently in freshwater fish. The present study describes Ceratomyxa ranunculiformis n. sp. as a new freshwater myxosporean species infecting the gall bladder of the Amazonian sciaenid Plagioscion squamosissimus. The new Ceratomyxa was described based on its host, myxospore morphology, ribosomal rDNA gene sequencing, parasite distribution, and phylogenetic analysis. Immature and mature plasmodia were tadpole-shaped or pyriform, and exhibited slow undulatory motility. The myxospores were elongated and crescent-shaped in the frontal view, with a sutural line between two valves, which had rounded ends. The measurements of the formalin-fixed myxospores were: average length 4.9 (4.0-6.6) μm, average thickness 37.6 (32.4-43.9) μm, average posterior angle 165° (154°-173°). Two ovoid polar capsules of equal size, average length 2.0 (1.4-3.0) μm and average width 1.9 (1.4-2.4) μm, were located adjacent to the suture and contained polar filaments with 2-3 coils. The integrated comparative analysis of the morphological characteristics and molecular analyses of the ribosomal rDNA genes supported the identification of a new species of coelozoic Ceratomyxa. Maximum likelihood analyses showed the new species clustering within a well-supported clade, together with all the other Amazonian freshwater ceratomyxids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suellen A Zatti
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, School of Animal Husbandry and Food Engineering, São Paulo University - FZEA/USP, Pirassununga, SP, Brazil.
| | - Bruno L Araújo
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Federal University of São Paulo - UNIFESP, Diadema, SP, Brazil
| | - Edson A Adriano
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Federal University of São Paulo - UNIFESP, Diadema, SP, Brazil; Department of Animal Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Antônio A M Maia
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, School of Animal Husbandry and Food Engineering, São Paulo University - FZEA/USP, Pirassununga, SP, Brazil
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Zatti SA, Marinho AMR, Adriano EA, Maia AAM. Integrative Taxonomy Reveals a Panmictic Population of Henneguya longisporoplasma n. sp. (Cnidaria: Myxozoa) in the Amazon Basin. Acta Parasitol 2022; 67:1644-1656. [DOI: 10.1007/s11686-022-00615-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
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Growing diversity supports radiation of an Ellipsomyxa lineage into the Amazon freshwater: Description of two novel species parasitizing fish from Tapajós and Amazon rivers. Acta Trop 2020; 211:105616. [PMID: 32621932 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2020.105616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2020] [Revised: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Species of the genus Ellipsomyxa Køie, 2003, parasitize mostly marine and brackish fish around the world. In the present study, we describe two novel species of Ellipsomyxa: Ellipsomyxa plagioscioni n. sp. parasitizing the gall bladder of Plagioscion squamosissimus (Sciaenidae), a freshwater fish but commonly found in brackish water in the Amazonian estuarine environment; and Ellipsomyxa paraensis n. sp. infecting Cichla monoculus (Cichlidae), a strictly freshwater fish. The host specimens were caught from the Amazon and Tapajós rivers, in the municipal region of Santarém, in the State of Pará, Brazil. The study was performed using a combination of morphological, biological, and SSU rDNA-based phylogeny, which suggested that marine transgressions of the Miocene epoch, in the central region of South America, were a pathway for the adaptation and radiation of these cnidarian parasites in the freshwater environment. Both disporic plasmodia and mature myxospores were found floating freely in the bile. Mature myxospores from both species were ellipsoidal in the valvular and sutural views, with thin smooth valves elongated in the direction perpendicular to the plane of the transverse sutural line. Ellipsomyxa plagioscioni n. sp. myxospores measured 11.1 (10.2-12.8) µm in length and 6.6 (5.6-7.6) µm in width. Two pyriform polar capsules discharging on opposite sides, some distance from both the sutural line and the spore ends, measured 3.8 (3.2-4.4) µm in length and 2.8 (2.3-3.3) µm in width, with 5-6 coil polar tubules. Ellipsomyxa paraensis n. sp. myxospores measured 11.5 (10.5-12.4) µm in length and 7.5 (6.6-8.6) µm in width. Two pyriform polar capsules which discharged on opposite sides some distance from both the sutural line and spore ends, measured 3.2 (2.1-3.9) µm in length and 2.6 (2.0-3.3) µm in width, with 2-3 coil polar tubules. Valvular protrusions were observed, associated with the tips of the polar capsules. Molecular analysis based on the SSU rDNA sequences indicated that the two novel Ellipsomyxa species were distinct from all other sequences deposited in the GenBank database. The phylogenetic trees clustered E. plagioscioni n. sp. as a basal species of a lineage of the marine/estuarine Ellipsomyxa, while E. paraensis n. sp. clustered together with other Amazonian species.
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Cardim J, Araújo-Neto J, da Silva DT, Hamoy I, Matos E, Abrunhosa F. Kudoa yasai n. sp. (Multivalvulida: Kudoidae) from the skeletal muscle of Macrodon ancylodon (Sciaenidae) on the northern Atlantic coast, Brazil. Parasitol Res 2020; 119:1743-1752. [PMID: 32318807 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-020-06679-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
A new parasite species, Kudoa yasai n. sp. (Multivalvulida), is described from the king weakfish (Macrodon ancylodon), which is an important commercial fishery resource on the Brazilian Amazon coast. A total of 190 M. ancylodon specimens were obtained from the central fish market of the town of Bragança, and pseudocysts were found in the skeletal muscle fiber samples of all (100%) of the specimens, although no inflammatory reaction was observed in any of the cases. The myxospores are quadrate in shape with four polar capsules of equal size, 6.9 ± 0.94 μm long, 8.2 ± 0.39 μm wide, and 5.5 ± 0.60 μm thick. The polar capsules are 1.8 ± 0.26 μm in length and 1.4 ± 0.18 μm in width. The morphological and morphometric parameters, together with the phylogenetic analysis of a partial sequence of the 18S (SSU rDNA) gene, all indicate conclusively that Kudoa yasai n. sp. is a new species, distinct from all other Kudoa species. The study also verified the loss of quality in the meat of the host fish (M. ancylodon) sold in the Bragança market, which reinforces the need for the more systematic control of the quality of the product and the prevention of possible health problems for the consumer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joyce Cardim
- Postgraduate Programme in Environmental Biology (PPBA), Federal University of Pará (UFPa)/IECOS, Bragança, State of Pará, Brazil.,Carcinology Laboratory, Federal University of Pará (UFPa)/IECOS, Bragança, State of Pará, Brazil
| | - José Araújo-Neto
- Postgraduate Programme in Environmental Biology (PPBA), Federal University of Pará (UFPa)/IECOS, Bragança, State of Pará, Brazil.,Carcinology Laboratory, Federal University of Pará (UFPa)/IECOS, Bragança, State of Pará, Brazil
| | - Diehgo T da Silva
- Postgraduate Programme in the Biology of Infectious and Parasitic Agents (BAIP), Federal University of Pará (UFPa), Belém, State of Pará, Brazil
| | - Igor Hamoy
- Laboratory of Applied Genetics, Federal Rural University of Amazonia (UFRA), Belém, State of Pará, Brazil
| | - Edilson Matos
- Carlos Azevedo Research Laboratory, Federal Rural University of the Amazon (UFRA), Belém, State of Pará, Brazil.
| | - Fernando Abrunhosa
- Carcinology Laboratory, Federal University of Pará (UFPa)/IECOS, Bragança, State of Pará, Brazil
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Videira M, Velasco M, Sanches O, Matos P, Santos P, Matos E. First report of Kudoa sp. in the palate and pharyngeal musculature of Gobioides grahamae Palmer and Wheeler, 1955 (Perciformes, Gobiidae) from Marajó Island, Brazil. ARQ BRAS MED VET ZOO 2020. [DOI: 10.1590/1678-4162-11081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to describe the first occurrence ofKudoasp. inGobioides grahamae, contributing to the understanding of this group of parasites in the Amazonian ichthyofauna. Forty specimens ofG. grahamaecollected from the natural environment were analyzed. Cysts ofKudoasp. were diffusely distributed through the striated skeletal muscle fibers with severe edema and inflammatory infiltrate composed of lymphocytes were observed in 30% of the specimens. Edema and marked coagulation necrosis of the muscle fibers was associated with infection byKudoasp. spores, which had accumulated inside the skeletal muscle fibers. Although there are no records of foodborne outbreaks caused by Kudoa spp. in Brazil, it is of paramount importance that we evaluate its occurrence, since the consumption of fish, especially raw fish, has increased because of the adoption of Japanese cuisine. To minimize the economic impacts on the fisheries market and the risk of this parasite to public health, it is necessary to initiate a program to monitor the presence of this likely underdiagnosed, emerging parasite.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - M. Velasco
- Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia, Brazil
| | | | - P. Matos
- Universidade Federal do Pará, Brazil
| | - P.S. Santos
- Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia, Brazil
| | - E. Matos
- Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia, Brazil
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Abdel-Ghaffar F, Abdel-Gaber R, Maher S, Al Quraishy S, Mehlhorn H. Morphological re-description and molecular characterization of Kudoa pagrusi (Myxosporea: Multivalvulida) infecting the heart muscles of the common sea bream fish Pagrus pagrus (Perciformes: Sparidae) from the Red Sea, Egypt. Parasitol Res 2016; 115:3175-84. [PMID: 27146899 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-016-5077-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2016] [Accepted: 04/17/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, 100 samples of different sizes of the common sea bream fish Pagrus pagrus were collected from the Egyptian water along the Gulf of Suez, Red Sea and examined for the prevalence of myxosporidian parasites in general and Kudoa spp. in particular. Fish samples were thoroughly externally examined. After dissection, all the internal organs were removed and examined. A total of 60 out of 100 fish specimens were found to be infected with Kudoa stages. Parasitic infection was restricted to the heart muscles of the examined fish. None of the other organs was found to be infected. Macroscopic cysts (plasmodia) heavily infested the different parts of the heart muscles. Each plasmodium measured 1.2-2.5 (1.53 ± 0.2) mm × 0.63-0.80 (0.65 ± 0.2) mm. Mature spores are quadratic in shape in the apical view showing four equal valves and four symmetrical polar capsules. Fresh spores were 5.0-7.1 (5.7 ± 0.2) μm long × 5.4-8.5 (6.1 ± 0.3) μm wide. On the basis of spore morphology, the present species was identified as Kudoa pagrusi. Morphometric characterization revealed that the relatively small size of this Kudoa species was the distinctive feature that separates it from all previously described species. Molecular analysis based on small subunit ribosomal DNA (SSU rDNA) sequences revealed that the highest percentage of identity was observed with K. scomberomori and followed by K. shiomitsui, K. hypoepicarclialis, K. amamiensis, and K. kenti. The kudoid spores showed morphometric variations to some extents but had essentially identical nucleotide sequences of the SSU rDNA gene sequences closest to those of K. scomberomori and K. shiomitsui recorded from elasmobranchs in the Indo-Pacific Ocean. The present findings support the identification of an ancestral marine origin of the present Kudoa species.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sherein Maher
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Women for Arts, Science and Education, Ain Shams University, Heliopolis, Egypt
| | - Saleh Al Quraishy
- Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Heinz Mehlhorn
- Parasitology Institute, Düsseldorf University, Düsseldorf, Germany
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