Antioxidant and immunomodulatory activities of Oviductus ranae in mice

Immunomodulatory effect from ethanol extract and ethyl acetate fraction of Curcuma heyneana Valeton and Zijp: Transient receptor vanilloid protein approach

This study aims to discover the immunomodulatory potential of the ethanol extract (EE) and the ethyl acetate fraction (EAF) of Curcuma heyneana Valeton and Zijp (Indonesian name: temu giring) rhizome using mice models. The affinity of the curcuminoid (curcumin, dimethoxy-, and bisdemethoxy-) through the Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) was determined using Mollegro molecular docking in silico. The curcuminoid concentration of the EE and EAF of C. heyneana rhizome were determined using thin-layer chromatography densitometry. In vivo studies in mice models were conducted using the carbon clearance method to determine the phagocytosis index, and the number of leukocytes in the blood and spleen. Forty mice were divided into eight groups, including negative control (given 1% CMC-Na), positive control (given Stimuno Forte® suspension at a dose of 6.5 mg/kg BW), three groups given the EAF of C. heyneana rhizome extract at a dose of 125 mg/kg BW, 250 mg/kg BW, and 500 mg/kg BW, respectively, and three groups were given EE of temu giring rhizome extract with doses of 125 mg/kg BW, 250 mg/kg BW, and 500 mg/kg BW, respectively. E.E. and E.A.F. of C. heyneana (temu giring) rhizome extract contained dimethoxy curcumin (0.176 ± 0.01 and 4.53 ± 0.02 %b/b) greater than another curcuminoid, bisdemetoxy curcumin and curcumin. EE at 125 mg/kg BW and EAF dose at 500 mg/kg B W. of temu giring rhizome have immunostimulant activity with a phagocytosis index value of >1 compared to the negative control (p < 0.05). Additionally, both increase the number of lymphocytes, monocytes, and neutrophil cells in peripheral blood and spleen compared to the negative control (p < 0.05). Their activity was seen as similar to the positive control. Therefore, the EE of C. heyneana rhizome has immunostimulant activity, and the EAF of C. heyneana rhizome has immunosuppressant activity at 125 mg/kg BW and immunostimulant at a higher dose. The activity of temu giring as an immunomodulator was associataed with its affinity to TRPV1.

Quality Evaluation of Oviductus Ranae Based on PUFAs Using HPLC Fingerprint Techniques Combined with Chemometric Methods

Oviductus Ranae is a nutritional product for both medicine and food. Its quality is uneven due to multiple factors. An efficient method was established to evaluate the quality of Oviductus Ranae using fingerprint techniques and chemometric methods based on the analysis of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in petroleum ether extract by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). During this process, 27 batches of Oviductus Ranae were analyzed by HPLC and two types of chromatographic fingerprints were established. The fingerprint that was obtained by matching six known peaks was used for the quantification of six PUFAs. Another fingerprint was obtained by matching sixteen peaks with a peak area ratio greater than 0.5% and it was used to classify the different qualities of Oviductus Ranae by further combining three different chemometric models. The 27 batches of Oviductus Ranae were divided into four categories, which was consistent with the analysis results of six PUFAs contents. The two high-quality samples with significantly higher contents were classified into one category, and samples with medium contents were divided into two categories, including eight and thirteen samples, respectively. The four inferior samples with lower contents were classified into one category. The results indicated that the newly developed method has potential application prospects for the quality evaluation of Oviductus Ranae.