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Barbalho GN, Falcão MA, Lopes JMS, Lopes JM, Contarato JLA, Gelfuso GM, Cunha-Filho M, Gratieri T. Dynamic Ex Vivo Porcine Eye Model to Measure Ophthalmic Drug Penetration under Simulated Lacrimal Flow. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2325. [PMID: 37765293 PMCID: PMC10534681 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15092325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Animal models are still used in the research and development of ophthalmic drug products, mainly due to the difficulty in simulating natural physiological conditions with in vitro models, as there is a lack of dynamic protection mechanisms. Therefore, developing alternative ophthalmic models that evaluate drug penetration in the cornea while applying dynamic protection barriers is a contemporary challenge. This study aimed to develop a dynamic ex vivo model using porcine eyes with a simulated lacrimal flow to evaluate the performance of pharmaceutical drug products. A glass donor cell to support a simulated tear flow was designed, optimized, and custom-made. The system was challenged with different formulations (with fluconazole) including excipients with different viscosities (poloxamer 407) and mucoadhesive properties (chitosan). The results were compared to those obtained from a conventional excised cornea model mounted in Franz-type diffusion cells. The dynamic model could differentiate formulations, while the static model did not, overestimating ex vivo drug penetrated amounts. Hence, the dynamic model with simulated tear flow showed to be a simple and promising new alternative method for the drug penetration of ophthalmic formulations that ultimately can reduce the number of animals used in research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geisa N Barbalho
- Laboratory of Food, Drugs, and Cosmetics (LTMAC), University of Brasilia, Brasília 70910-900, DF, Brazil
| | - Manuel A Falcão
- Laboratory of Food, Drugs, and Cosmetics (LTMAC), University of Brasilia, Brasília 70910-900, DF, Brazil
| | | | - Júlia M Lopes
- Laboratory of Food, Drugs, and Cosmetics (LTMAC), University of Brasilia, Brasília 70910-900, DF, Brazil
| | - Jonad L A Contarato
- Laboratory of Food, Drugs, and Cosmetics (LTMAC), University of Brasilia, Brasília 70910-900, DF, Brazil
| | - Guilherme M Gelfuso
- Laboratory of Food, Drugs, and Cosmetics (LTMAC), University of Brasilia, Brasília 70910-900, DF, Brazil
| | - Marcilio Cunha-Filho
- Laboratory of Food, Drugs, and Cosmetics (LTMAC), University of Brasilia, Brasília 70910-900, DF, Brazil
| | - Tais Gratieri
- Laboratory of Food, Drugs, and Cosmetics (LTMAC), University of Brasilia, Brasília 70910-900, DF, Brazil
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Hashimoto Y, Michihata N, Yamana H, Shigemi D, Morita K, Matsui H, Yasunaga H, Aihara M. Safety of topical ophthalmic antibiotics in pregnant women with hordeola, chalazia, blepharitis, or bacterial conjunctivitis: propensity score analyses. Eye (Lond) 2022; 36:1066-1073. [PMID: 34035495 PMCID: PMC9046183 DOI: 10.1038/s41433-021-01586-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2020] [Revised: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the association between exposure to topical ophthalmic antibiotics during pregnancy and adverse neonatal outcomes. METHODS In this retrospective cohort study, we identified pregnant women with hordeola, chalazia, blepharitis, or bacterial conjunctivitis from 2005 to 2018 using the Japanese Medical Data Centre Claims Database. From the eligible women, we extracted women who were dispensed no topical antibiotics during the first trimester (non-antibiotic group), women who were dispensed topical fluoroquinolones alone at least once (fluoroquinolone alone group), and women who were dispensed any single type of antibiotic (single-antibiotic group). We compared the frequency of congenital anomalies (CA), preterm birth (PB), low birth weight (LBW), and the composite outcome of these three between the fluoroquinolone and non-antibiotic groups and between the single-antibiotic and non-antibiotic groups, using propensity score adjustment. RESULTS A total of 891 eligible women were identified. In the fluoroquinolone (n = 409) and non-antibiotic (n = 309) groups, CA occurred in 6.8% and 6.8%, PB in 2.4% and 3.2%, LBW in 2.9% and 3.2%, and the composite outcome in 10.5% and 11.3%, respectively. Analysis using propensity score adjustment showed no significant difference between the groups in the frequency of CA (adjusted odds ratio, 1.15; 95% confidence interval, 0.61-2.18), PB (0.80; 0.30-2.17), LBW (1.08; 0.45-2.63), or the composite outcome (1.12; 0.67-1.87). Comparison of the single-antibiotic and non-antibiotic groups showed similar results. CONCLUSIONS Topical ophthalmic antibiotics for hordeola, chalazia, blepharitis, or bacterial conjunctivitis during the first trimester were not associated with increased adverse neonatal outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohei Hashimoto
- grid.26999.3d0000 0001 2151 536XDepartment of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Japan ,grid.26999.3d0000 0001 2151 536XDepartment of Clinical Epidemiology and Health Economics, School of Public Health, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Japan
| | - Nobuaki Michihata
- grid.26999.3d0000 0001 2151 536XDepartment of Health Services Research, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Japan
| | - Hayato Yamana
- grid.26999.3d0000 0001 2151 536XDepartment of Health Services Research, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Japan
| | - Daisuke Shigemi
- grid.26999.3d0000 0001 2151 536XDepartment of Clinical Epidemiology and Health Economics, School of Public Health, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Japan
| | - Kojiro Morita
- grid.26999.3d0000 0001 2151 536XDepartment of Clinical Epidemiology and Health Economics, School of Public Health, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Japan ,grid.20515.330000 0001 2369 4728Department of Health Services Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Hiroki Matsui
- grid.26999.3d0000 0001 2151 536XDepartment of Clinical Epidemiology and Health Economics, School of Public Health, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Japan
| | - Hideo Yasunaga
- grid.26999.3d0000 0001 2151 536XDepartment of Clinical Epidemiology and Health Economics, School of Public Health, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Japan
| | - Makoto Aihara
- grid.26999.3d0000 0001 2151 536XDepartment of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Japan
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