1
|
Lv Y, Pu W, Wang X. Ligand-free copper-catalyzed regio- and stereoselective 1,1-alkylmonofluoroalkylation of terminal alkynes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:12933-12936. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cc05887d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A novel copper-catalyzed highly regio- and stereoselective 1,1-alkylmonofluoroalkylation of terminal alkynes without an external ligand has been developed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yunhe Lv
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Anyang Normal University
- Anyang
- P. R. China
| | - Weiya Pu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Anyang Normal University
- Anyang
- P. R. China
| | - Xiaoxing Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Anyang Normal University
- Anyang
- P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zhou ZH, Zhang X, Huang YF, Chen KH, He LN. Synthesis of α-hydroxy ketones by copper(I)-catalyzed hydration of propargylic alcohols: CO2 as a cocatalyst under atmospheric pressure. CHINESE JOURNAL OF CATALYSIS 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/s1872-2067(19)63313-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
3
|
Lv Y, Pu W, Zhu X, Zhao T, Lin F. Copper-Catalyzed Cross-Coupling of Secondary α-Haloamides with Terminal Alkynes: Access to Diverse 2,3-Allenamides. Adv Synth Catal 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201701556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yunhe Lv
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Anyang Normal University; Anyang 455000 People's Republic of China
- Henan Province Key Laboratory of New Opto-Electronic Functional Materials; Anyang 455000 People's Republic of China
| | - Weiya Pu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Anyang Normal University; Anyang 455000 People's Republic of China
| | - Xueli Zhu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Anyang Normal University; Anyang 455000 People's Republic of China
| | - Tiantian Zhao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Anyang Normal University; Anyang 455000 People's Republic of China
| | - Feifei Lin
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Anyang Normal University; Anyang 455000 People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Kumar RK, Bi X. Catalytic σ-activation of carbon–carbon triple bonds: reactions of propargylic alcohols and alkynes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 52:853-68. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cc08386a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A variety of organic transformations have been developed based on conceptually novel catalytic σ-activation of CC bonds of alkynes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rapolu Kiran Kumar
- Department of Chemistry
- Northeast Normal University
- 130024 Changchun
- P. R. China
| | - Xihe Bi
- Department of Chemistry
- Northeast Normal University
- 130024 Changchun
- P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Song QW, He LN. Robust Silver(I) Catalyst for the Carboxylative Cyclization of Propargylic Alcohols with Carbon Dioxide under Ambient Conditions. Adv Synth Catal 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201500639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
|
6
|
Jamali B, Kiapoor A, Firoozbakht M, Kazeminavaei F, Taghlili F. Comparing the satisfaction and efficacy of Cyclofem and contraceptive pills among females in Northern Iran: A randomized controlled trial study. J Adv Pharm Technol Res 2014; 5:152-7. [PMID: 25364692 PMCID: PMC4215477 DOI: 10.4103/2231-4040.143025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Hormonal contraceptives are the most effective method for birth control, though they may have some default or complications. This research aimed to comparison of the efficacy and satisfaction of Cyclofem with oral contraceptives (OCs) among females. A descriptive-comparative method was conducted on 80 women who were selected through cluster sampling during November 2011-December 2012. The selected subjects start using OCs or Cyclofem for the 1(st) time in their life. They evaluated in 2 times frames, at the beginning of the study and then 3 and 6 months after the contraceptive precautions. The data were collected by questionnaire. The data were analysed using parametric and nonparametric test in SPSS 16 software. The reasons for discontinuation of the methods were varied, in which 50% of the sample group were Cyclofem users who discontinued because of menstrual changes and the desire to use other methods, and 50% were the OC users whose reason was medical problems, and absent-mindedness was the last reason for 35.7% of the cases. The efficacy of the both (OCs and Cyclofem) was high and only one unwanted pregnancy occurred at the end of the 6(th) month among OC users. There was no significant difference in term of satisfaction of two groups at the end of 3-6 months (PV = 0.433). The results indicated that Cyclofem can be well used by those women who desire for an easy and effective method which is not disturbing the sexual activity and does not also need to be used daily, but the users should be consulted before using the method.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bita Jamali
- Department of Midwifery, Babol Branch, Islamic Azad University, Babol, Iran
| | - Azade Kiapoor
- Department of Midwifery, Babol Branch, Islamic Azad University, Babol, Iran
| | | | | | - Fatemeh Taghlili
- Department of Midwifery, Babol Branch, Islamic Azad University, Babol, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Liu Z, Liu J, Zhang L, Liao P, Song J, Bi X. Silver(I)-Catalyzed Hydroazidation of Ethynyl Carbinols: Synthesis of 2-Azidoallyl Alcohols. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:5305-9. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201310264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2013] [Revised: 01/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
|
8
|
Liu Z, Liu J, Zhang L, Liao P, Song J, Bi X. Silver(I)-Catalyzed Hydroazidation of Ethynyl Carbinols: Synthesis of 2-Azidoallyl Alcohols. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201310264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
|
9
|
Affiliation(s)
- C Stanley Chan
- Department of Dermatology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Scheduled and unscheduled bleeding patterns with two combined hormonal contraceptives: application of new recommendations for standardization. Fertil Steril 2008; 92:434-40. [PMID: 18930189 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2008.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2007] [Revised: 05/23/2008] [Accepted: 07/09/2008] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To reassess and compare cycle control attained with two combined hormonal contraceptives, norgestimate (NGM)/ethinyl estradiol (EE) 25 microg and norethindrone acetate (NETA)/EE 20 microg, by new general criteria recommendations for all combined hormonal contraceptives. DESIGN Analysis of bleeding data for cycles 1-6 from a randomized, multicenter trial. SETTING 221 North American centers. PATIENT(S) Healthy, sexually active women (18-45 years old). INTERVENTION(S) NETA/EE: 1 mg NETA/20 microg EE, days 1-21 of each cycle and 75 mg of ferrous fumarate, days 22-28; NGM/EE: triphasic NGM in 7-day increments (days 1-7: 180 microg; days 8-14: 215 microg; days 15-21: 250 microg) and 25 microg EE, placebo on days 22-28. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Cycle control evaluated from patients' daily diaries. RESULT(S) For cycles 1-6, there was a statistically significant lower incidence of unscheduled bleeding/spotting with NGM/EE 25 microg (range 21.0%-34.4%) than with NETA/EE 20 microg (range 33.0%-46.6%). Of the women who had unscheduled bleeding/spotting, the mean number of days per cycle of bleeding/spotting was comparable. A statistically significant higher incidence of scheduled bleeding was seen with NGM/EE 25 microg (95.2%-97.5%) than with NETA/EE 20 microg (78.5%-84.2%). CONCLUSION(S) The NGM/EE 25 microg has a lower incidence and comparable length of unscheduled bleeding and a higher incidence of scheduled bleeding than NETA/EE 20 microg in this post hoc analysis.
Collapse
|
11
|
Tietze L, Krimmelbein I. Enantioselective Total Synthesis of the Oral Contraceptive Desogestrel by a Double Heck Reaction. Chemistry 2008; 14:1541-51. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.200700182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
12
|
Zhang H, Cui D, Wang B, Han YH, Balimane P, Yang Z, Sinz M, Rodrigues AD. Pharmacokinetic Drug Interactions Involving 17??-Ethinylestradiol. Clin Pharmacokinet 2007; 46:133-57. [PMID: 17253885 DOI: 10.2165/00003088-200746020-00003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
17alpha-Ethinylestradiol (EE) is widely used as the estrogenic component of oral contraceptives (OC). In vitro and in vivo metabolism studies indicate that EE is extensively metabolised, primarily via intestinal sulfation and hepatic oxidation, glucuronidation and sulfation. Cytochrome P450 (CYP)3A4-mediated EE 2-hydroxylation is the major pathway of oxidative metabolism of EE. For some time it has been known that inducers of drug-metabolising enzymes (such as the CYP3A4 inducer rifampicin [rifampin]) can lead to breakthrough bleeding and contraceptive failure. Conversely, inhibitors of drug-metabolising enzymes can give rise to elevated EE plasma concentrations and increased risks of vascular disease and hypertension. In vitro studies have also shown that EE inhibits a number of human CYP enzymes, such as CYP2C19, CYP3A4 and CYP2B6. Consequently, there are numerous reports in the literature describing EE-containing OC formulations as perpetrators of pharmacokinetic drug interactions. Because EE may participate in multiple pharmacokinetic drug interactions as either a victim or perpetrator, pharmaceutical companies routinely conduct clinical drug interaction studies with EE-containing OCs when evaluating new chemical entities in development. It is therefore critical to understand the mechanisms underlying these drug interactions. Such an understanding can enable the interpretation of clinical data and lead to a greater appreciation of the profile of the drug by physicians, clinicians and regulators. This article summarises what is known of the drug-metabolising enzymes and transporters governing the metabolism, disposition and excretion of EE. An effort is made to relate this information to known clinical drug-drug interactions. The inhibition and induction of drug-metabolising enzymes by EE is also reviewed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongjian Zhang
- Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Bristol-Myers Squibb Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Wechselberger G, Wolfram D, Pülzl P, Soelder E, Schoeller T. Nerve injury caused by removal of an implantable hormonal contraceptive. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2006; 195:323-6. [PMID: 16813761 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2005.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2005] [Revised: 08/21/2005] [Accepted: 09/29/2005] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Implanon insertion and removal are relatively uncomplicated procedures in the hands of medical professionals familiar with the technique. However, injury to branches of the medial antebrachial cutaneous nerve during Implanon insertion and removal can result in impaired sensibility, severe localized pain, or the formation of painful neuroma that can be quite devastating to the patient. The best way to avoid injury to the medial antebrachial cutaneous nerve is to better understand its position relative to the standard area of Implanon insertion. In the event that an injury to the nerve is recognized, immediate plastic surgical measures should be undertaken to avoid displeasing sequels of nerve injuries. Therefore, the benefit of this generally well-tolerated, highly effective, and relatively cost-efficient contraception is guaranteed only in the hands of medical professionals familiar with the technique.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gottfried Wechselberger
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Schafer JE, Osborne LM, Davis AR, Westhoff C. Acceptability and satisfaction using Quick Start with the contraceptive vaginal ring versus an oral contraceptive. Contraception 2006; 73:488-92. [PMID: 16627032 DOI: 10.1016/j.contraception.2005.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2005] [Revised: 09/03/2005] [Accepted: 11/11/2005] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many women discontinue their use of hormonal contraception, and even those who continue so may have difficulty using oral contraceptive pills consistently. New delivery systems, including the vaginal ring, may be easier to use, but user acceptability and satisfaction with these new methods may be affected by women's experience with their bodies. MATERIALS AND METHODS Data for this study were collected as part of a randomized clinical trial on 201 women comparing immediate start of vaginal ring use with immediate start of low-dose oral contraceptive use. We assessed user satisfaction and method continuation 3 months after ring or pill initiation. RESULTS At 3 months, 174 of 201 subjects (87%) had follow-up interviews. Among the 174 study participants with follow-up data, 61% of ring subjects and 34% of pill subjects were very satisfied with their methods (p=.003). For posttrial contraception, 79% of ring subjects chose to continue with the ring whereas 59% of pill subjects chose to continue with the pill (p<.001). Women who reported greater comfort in touching their genitals, greater frequency of masturbation, more comfort with intercourse and past use of vaginal contraceptives and products were not more likely than others to be satisfied with the ring or to continue using it for birth control. CONCLUSION Women who were allocated to vaginal ring use, regardless of their baseline characteristics or behavior, were likely to be highly satisfied with the method and to continue its use.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julie E Schafer
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Simon M, Shulman LP. Non-oral reversible contraceptive methods. WOMEN'S HEALTH (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2006; 2:167-177. [PMID: 19803936 DOI: 10.2217/17455057.2.1.167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
There are many contraceptives in the world market today. Knowledge of the vast spectrum of contraceptive methods is essential to the everyday practice of healthcare personnel. Such knowledge translates to improved care and access for women so they can obtain and utilize the appropriate contraception for their individual needs. This is a review of non-oral and nonsurgical contraceptive methods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Simon
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 333 East Superior Street,Room 484,Chicago, IL 60062, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Abstract
Although a steady increase in contraceptive use has been observed in developed and less-developed countries, the contraceptive needs of a significant proportion of couples have not yet been met, resulting in an increase in unplanned pregnancies. Several new contraceptive products have reached the market during the past few years. Among these are new implants, a medicated intrauterine device, contraceptive vaginal rings, transdermal patches and several new regimen of combined oral contraceptives. These new or improved methods have been developed to expand the contraceptive choices available to women and men as well as to respond to the unmet need for contraceptives with long-term activity. New targets are being identified both in the ovary and the testes for a more specific non-hormonal contraception. This futuristic approach still keeps in mind the need for better access to existing contraceptive methods, as well as the discovery of new contraceptives that are simple to use, safe, reversible and inexpensive. In recent years, there has been great interest in agents that provide dual protection against pregnancy and sexually transmitted infections (STI), especially human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). A contraceptive method providing dual medical benefits might increase motivation for consistent use, thus reducing contraceptive failures and unwanted pregnancies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Regine Sitruk-Ware
- Center for Biomedical Research, Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10021, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Abstract
An important issue for human beings is the acquisition of normal sexual health, including the understanding and application of reproductive health when needed. Comprehensive sexuality education is not a topic provided to many children, adolescents, or college students in the United States, however. Students who were sexually active in high school may continue to be at risk for unwanted pregnancies and sexually transmitted diseases in their college life; those who chose abstinence in high school may abandon this concept in college, choosing coital behavior at all levels of university life-freshman through graduate levels. Most American college students are sexually active and many have multiple partners. This article reviews current contraceptive methods available to college students. College health providers and pediatricians are urged to be vigilant about the reproductive health needs of the college students they serve.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Donald E Greydanus
- Sindecuse Health Center, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, MI, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|