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Rezaeian AH, Wei W. Molecular signaling and clinical implications in the human aging-cancer cycle. Semin Cancer Biol 2024; 106-107:28-42. [PMID: 39197809 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2024.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2024] [Revised: 08/07/2024] [Accepted: 08/09/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024]
Abstract
It is well documented that aging is associated with cancer, and likewise, cancer survivors display accelerated aging. As the number of aging individuals and cancer survivors continues to grow, it raises additional concerns across society. Therefore, unraveling the molecular mechanisms of aging in tissues is essential to developing effective therapies to fight the aging and cancer diseases in cancer survivors and cancer patients. Indeed, cellular senescence is a critical response, or a natural barrier to suppress the transition of normal cells into cancer cells, however, hypoxia which is physiologically required to maintain the stem cell niche, is increased by aging and inhibits senescence in tissues. Interestingly, oxygen restriction or hypoxia increases longevity and slows the aging process in humans, but hypoxia can also drive angiogenesis to facilitate cancer progression. In addition, cancer treatment is considered as one of the major reasons that drive cellular senescence, subsequently followed by accelerated aging. Several clinical trials have recently evaluated inhibitors to eliminate senescent cells. However, some mechanisms of aging typically can also retard cancer cell growth and progression, which might require careful strategy for better clinical outcomes. Here we describe the molecular regulation of aging and cancer in crosstalk with DNA damage and hypoxia signaling pathways in cancer patients and cancer survivors. We also update several therapeutic strategies that might be critical in reversing the cancer treatment-associated aging process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdol-Hossein Rezaeian
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, United States.
| | - Wenyi Wei
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, United States.
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2
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Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome In Vitro Model: Controlled Intermittent Hypoxia Stimulation of Human Stem Cells-Derived Cardiomyocytes. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810272. [PMID: 36142186 PMCID: PMC9499466 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular morbidity is the leading cause of death of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) syndrome patients. Nocturnal airway obstruction is associated with intermittent hypoxia (IH). In our previous work with cell lines, incubation with sera from OSA patients induced changes in cell morphology, NF-κB activation and decreased viability. A decrease in beating rate, contraction amplitude and a reduction in intracellular calcium signaling was also observed in human cardiomyocytes differentiated from human embryonic stem cells (hESC-CMs). We expanded these observations using a new controlled IH in vitro system on beating hESC-CMs. The Oxy-Cycler system was programed to generate IH cycles. Following IH, we detected the activation of Hif-1α as an indicator of hypoxia and nuclear NF-κB p65 and p50 subunits, representing pro-inflammatory activity. We also detected the secretion of inflammatory cytokines, such as MIF, PAI-1, MCP-1 and CXCL1, and demonstrated a decrease in beating rate of hESC-CMs following IH. IH induces the co-activation of inflammatory features together with cardiomyocyte alterations which are consistent with myocardial damage in OSA. This study provides an innovative approach for in vitro studies of OSA cardiovascular morbidity and supports the search for new pharmacological agents and molecular targets to improve diagnosis and treatment of patients.
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Badran M, Gozal D. PAI-1: A Major Player in the Vascular Dysfunction in Obstructive Sleep Apnea? Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:5516. [PMID: 35628326 PMCID: PMC9141273 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23105516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Obstructive sleep apnea is a chronic and prevalent condition that is associated with endothelial dysfunction, atherosclerosis, and imposes excess overall cardiovascular risk and mortality. Despite its high prevalence and the susceptibility of CVD patients to OSA-mediated stressors, OSA is still under-recognized and untreated in cardiovascular practice. Moreover, conventional OSA treatments have yielded either controversial or disappointing results in terms of protection against CVD, prompting the need for the identification of additional mechanisms and associated adjuvant therapies. Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), the primary inhibitor of tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA) and urinary-type plasminogen activator (uPA), is a key regulator of fibrinolysis and cell migration. Indeed, elevated PAI-1 expression is associated with major cardiovascular adverse events that have been attributed to its antifibrinolytic activity. However, extensive evidence indicates that PAI-1 can induce endothelial dysfunction and atherosclerosis through complex interactions within the vasculature in an antifibrinolytic-independent matter. Elevated PAI-1 levels have been reported in OSA patients. However, the impact of PAI-1 on OSA-induced CVD has not been addressed to date. Here, we provide a comprehensive review on the mechanisms by which OSA and its most detrimental perturbation, intermittent hypoxia (IH), can enhance the transcription of PAI-1. We also propose causal pathways by which PAI-1 can promote atherosclerosis in OSA, thereby identifying PAI-1 as a potential therapeutic target in OSA-induced CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Badran
- Department of Child Health and Child Health Research Institute, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, 400 N Keene St, Suite 010, Columbia, MO 65201, USA;
| | - David Gozal
- Department of Child Health and Child Health Research Institute, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, 400 N Keene St, Suite 010, Columbia, MO 65201, USA;
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65201, USA
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Rodríguez-Lorenzo S, Ferreira Francisco DM, Vos R, van Het Hof B, Rijnsburger M, Schroten H, Ishikawa H, Beaino W, Bruggmann R, Kooij G, de Vries HE. Altered secretory and neuroprotective function of the choroid plexus in progressive multiple sclerosis. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2020; 8:35. [PMID: 32192527 PMCID: PMC7083003 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-020-00903-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The choroid plexus (CP) is a key regulator of the central nervous system (CNS) homeostasis through its secretory, immunological and barrier properties. Accumulating evidence suggests that the CP plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS), but the underlying mechanisms remain largely elusive. To get a comprehensive view on the role of the CP in MS, we studied transcriptomic alterations of the human CP in progressive MS and non-neurological disease controls using RNA sequencing. We identified 17 genes with significantly higher expression in progressive MS patients relative to that in controls. Among them is the newly described long non-coding RNA HIF1A-AS3. Next to that, we uncovered disease-affected pathways related to hypoxia, secretion and neuroprotection, while only subtle immunological and no barrier alterations were observed. In an ex vivo CP explant model, a subset of the upregulated genes responded in a similar way to hypoxic conditions. Our results suggest a deregulation of the Hypoxia-Inducible Factor (HIF)-1 pathway in progressive MS CP. Importantly, cerebrospinal fluid levels of the hypoxia-responsive secreted peptide PAI-1 were higher in MS patients with high disability relative to those with low disability. These findings provide for the first time a complete overview of the CP transcriptome in health and disease, and suggest that the CP environment becomes hypoxic in progressive MS patients, highlighting the altered secretory and neuroprotective properties of the CP under neuropathological conditions. Together, these findings provide novel insights to target the CP and promote the secretion of neuroprotective factors into the CNS of progressive MS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabela Rodríguez-Lorenzo
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, MS Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, de Boelelaan 1117, 1007 MB, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - Ricardo Vos
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Bert van Het Hof
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, MS Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, de Boelelaan 1117, 1007 MB, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Merel Rijnsburger
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, MS Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, de Boelelaan 1117, 1007 MB, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Horst Schroten
- Pediatric Infectious Diseases, University Children's Hospital Manheim, Medical Faculty Manheim, Heidelberg University, Manheim, Germany
| | - Hiroshi Ishikawa
- Laboratory of Clinical Regenerative Medicine, Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Wissam Beaino
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Rémy Bruggmann
- Interfaculty Bioinformatics Unit and Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Gijs Kooij
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, MS Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, de Boelelaan 1117, 1007 MB, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Helga E de Vries
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, MS Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, de Boelelaan 1117, 1007 MB, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
- Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, 1105 AZ, the Netherlands.
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Mammadzada P, Corredoira PM, André H. The role of hypoxia-inducible factors in neovascular age-related macular degeneration: a gene therapy perspective. Cell Mol Life Sci 2020; 77:819-833. [PMID: 31893312 PMCID: PMC7058677 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-019-03422-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Revised: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the mechanisms that underlie age-related macular degeneration (AMD) has led to the identification of key molecules. Hypoxia-inducible transcription factors (HIFs) have been associated with choroidal neovascularization and the progression of AMD into the neovascular clinical phenotype (nAMD). HIFs regulate the expression of multiple growth factors and cytokines involved in angiogenesis and inflammation, hallmarks of nAMD. This knowledge has propelled the development of a new group of therapeutic strategies focused on gene therapy. The present review provides an update on current gene therapies in ocular angiogenesis, particularly nAMD, from both basic and clinical perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parviz Mammadzada
- Division of Eye and Vision, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, St. Erik Eye Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Pablo M Corredoira
- Division of Eye and Vision, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, St. Erik Eye Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Helder André
- Division of Eye and Vision, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, St. Erik Eye Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
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6
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Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 in cancer research. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 105:83-94. [PMID: 29852393 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.05.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Revised: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
[Despite as a major inhibitor of urokinase (uPA), paradoxically,] Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) has been validated to be highly expressed in various types of tumor biopsy tissues or plasma compared with controls based on huge clinical data bases analysis, more importantly, PAI-1 alone or in conjunction with uPA have been identified as prognostic for disease progression and relapse in certain cancer types. particularly in breast cancer. In addition to play important roles in cell adhesion, migration and invasion, PAI-1 has been reported to induce tumor vascularization and thus promote cell dissemination and tumor metastasis. Furthermore, there are many tumor promoting factors involved in the modulation of PAI-1 expression and activity, which will strengthen the pro-tumorigenic roles of PAI-1. Undoubtedly, PAI-1 may be a promising target for therapeutic intervention of specific cancer treatment. In fact, some PAI-1 inhibitors are currently being evaluated in cancer therapy, which may be developed to new antitumor agents in the future.
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Bakanov MI, Vasilieva EM, Sanfirova VM, Semenova JB, Karaseva OV, Roshal LM. [Changes in serum levels of the key factors of angiogenesis in different outcomes of combined injuries in children]. Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova 2017; 117:79-83. [PMID: 29265091 DOI: 10.17116/jnevro201711711179-83] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
AIM To study the changes in the key angiogenic factors VEGF-A and angiogenin (ANG) in children with different outcomes of combined injuries. MATERIAL AND METHODS Contents of VEGF-A and ANG in blood serum were determined by enzyme immunoassay. The study included 40 patients, 21 boys and 19 girls. Patients were divided into 4 groups according to the outcome of injury: 1 - the recovery or mild residual symptoms; 2 - disabled; 3 - vegetable state; 4 - death. Patients were examined at different times after injury: 1-6 days, 7-11 days, 12-19 and 20-33 days. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION In the first days after injury, the content of VEGF-A in patients of 1-3 groups was at the level of the reference group, moreover, in patients of the 3rd group it was close to the top edge. In group 4, the content of VEGF-A was maximal in the first days after injury and then gradually decreased to the point of death. In groups 1 and 3, the level of VEGF-A increased significantly starting from the 2nd week while in group 2 this indicator was slightly increased approaching later (up to 33 days of observation) to the upper values in the reference group. In the 3rd group, the content of VEGF-A reached the plateau on the 19th day after injury and was higher than the reference data, but lower than in patients of the 1st group. No correlation between the changes in ANG content at different times after combined injuries and outcome was found. There was a trend towards decreased levels of ANG, especially after 3-4 weeks after injury. The data obtained are important for the control over processes of vascular and tissue reparation after injury and for searching for effective ways of treatment of altered angiogenesis in such patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- M I Bakanov
- National Medical Research Center of Children's Health, Moscow, Russia
| | - E M Vasilieva
- National Medical Research Center of Children's Health, Moscow, Russia
| | - V M Sanfirova
- National Medical Research Center of Children's Health, Moscow, Russia
| | - J B Semenova
- Research Institute of Emergency Children's Surgery and Traumatology, Moscow, Russia
| | - O V Karaseva
- Research Institute of Emergency Children's Surgery and Traumatology, Moscow, Russia
| | - L M Roshal
- Research Institute of Emergency Children's Surgery and Traumatology, Moscow, Russia
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Lara PC, Lloret M, Valenciano A, Clavo B, Pinar B, Rey A, Henríquez-Hernández LA. Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) expression in relation to hypoxia and oncoproteins in clinical cervical tumors. Strahlenther Onkol 2012; 188:1139-45. [PMID: 23111469 DOI: 10.1007/s00066-012-0216-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2012] [Accepted: 07/16/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Explore the role of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) in cervical cancer and its relationship to hypoxia and the expression of p53, Ku70/80, and cyclin D1. MATERIAL AND METHODS The expression of PAI-1, cyclin D1, and p53, together with tumor oxygenation, were determined in 43 consecutive patients suffering from localized cervical carcinoma. Oncoprotein expression was determined by immunohistochemistry. Tumor oxygenation was measured using a polarographic probe system, "pO2 histography." RESULTS PAI expression was considered negative in 32.6% and overexpressed in 18.6% of cases. Cyclin D1 showed a median expression of 5.0 (range 0-70). We observed a positive association between PAI expression and altered p53 (p = 0.049) and cyclin D1 (p = 0.020). An inverse association was detected between PAI and Ku70/80 expression (p = 0.042). Cyclin D1 staining increased according to tumor volume (r = 0.314, p = 0.009). We did not observe a significant association between PAI and hypoxia or other clinicopathological parameters. CONCLUSION The present results show that PAI-1 overexpression is associated with nonhomologous end-joining DNA repair down-regulation (low Ku70/80 expression) and with increased p53 and cyclin D1 expression, and they suggest that PAI-1 plays a role in the tumor behavior in cervical carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- P C Lara
- Hospital Universitario de Gran Canaria Dr. Negrín, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, Spain
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Upstream stimulatory factor 2 and hypoxia-inducible factor 2α (HIF2α) cooperatively activate HIF2 target genes during hypoxia. Mol Cell Biol 2012; 32:4595-610. [PMID: 22966206 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00724-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
While the functions of hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF1α)/aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator (ARNT) and HIF2α/ARNT (HIF2) proteins in activating hypoxia-inducible genes are well established, the role of other transcription factors in the hypoxic transcriptional response is less clear. We report here for the first time that the basic helix-loop-helix-leucine-zip transcription factor upstream stimulatory factor 2 (USF2) is required for the hypoxic transcriptional response, specifically, for hypoxic activation of HIF2 target genes. We show that inhibiting USF2 activity greatly reduces hypoxic induction of HIF2 target genes in cell lines that have USF2 activity, while inducing USF2 activity in cells lacking USF2 activity restores hypoxic induction of HIF2 target genes. Mechanistically, USF2 activates HIF2 target genes by binding to HIF2 target gene promoters, interacting with HIF2α protein, and recruiting coactivators CBP and p300 to form enhanceosome complexes that contain HIF2α, USF2, CBP, p300, and RNA polymerase II on HIF2 target gene promoters. Functionally, the effect of USF2 knockdown on proliferation, motility, and clonogenic survival of HIF2-dependent tumor cells in vitro is phenocopied by HIF2α knockdown, indicating that USF2 works with HIF2 to activate HIF2 target genes and to drive HIF2-depedent tumorigenesis.
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Welford SM, Giaccia AJ. Hypoxia and senescence: the impact of oxygenation on tumor suppression. Mol Cancer Res 2011; 9:538-44. [PMID: 21385881 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-11-0065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Cellular senescence has emerged as a biological response to two major pathophysiological states of our being: cancer and aging. In the course of the transformation of a normal cell to a cancerous cell, senescence is frequently induced to suppress tumor development. In aged individuals, senescence is found in cells that have exhausted their replication potential. The similarity in these responses suggests that understanding how senescence is mediated can provide insight into both cancer and aging. One environmental factor that is implicated in both of these states is tissue hypoxia, which increases with aging and can inhibit senescence. Hypoxia is particularly important in normal physiology to maintain the stem cell niche; but at the same time, hypoxic inhibition of an essential tumor suppressor response can theoretically contribute to cancer initiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott M Welford
- Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, BRB 325, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
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Schilling D, Bayer C, Geurts-Moespot A, Sweep FCGJ, Pruschy M, Mengele K, Sprague LD, Molls M. Induction of plasminogen activator inhibitor type-1 (PAI-1) by hypoxia and irradiation in human head and neck carcinoma cell lines. BMC Cancer 2007; 7:143. [PMID: 17663760 PMCID: PMC1973081 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-7-143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2006] [Accepted: 07/30/2007] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN) often contain highly radioresistant hypoxic regions, nonetheless, radiotherapy is a common treatment modality for these tumours. Reoxygenation during fractionated radiotherapy is desired to render these hypoxic tumour regions more radiosensitive. Hypoxia additionally leads to up-regulation of PAI-1, a protein involved in tumour progression and an established prognostic marker for poor outcome. However, the impact of reoxygenation and radiation on PAI-1 levels is not yet clear. Therefore, we investigated the kinetics of PAI-1 expression and secretion after hypoxia and reoxygenation, and determined the influence of ionizing radiation on PAI-1 levels in the two human SCCHN cell lines, BHY and FaDu. Methods HIF-1α immunoblot was used to visualize the degree of hypoxia in the two cell lines. Cellular PAI-1 expression was investigated by immunofluorescence microscopy. ELISA was used to quantify relative changes in PAI-1 expression (cell lysates) and secretion (cell culture supernatants) in response to various lengths (2 – 4 h) of hypoxic exposure (< 0.66 % O2), reoxygenation (24 h, 20 % O2), and radiation (0, 2, 5 and 10 Gy). Results HIF-1α expression was induced between 2 and 24 h of hypoxic exposure. Intracellular PAI-1 expression was significantly increased in BHY and FaDu cells as early as 4 h after hypoxic exposure. A significant induction in secreted PAI-1 was seen after 12 to 24 h (BHY) and 8 to 24 h (FaDu) hypoxia, as compared to the normoxic control. A 24 h reoxygenation period caused significantly less PAI-1 secretion than a 24 h hypoxia period in FaDu cells. Irradiation led to an up-regulation of PAI-1 expression and secretion in both, BHY and FaDu cells. Conclusion Our data suggest that both, short-term (~4 – 8 h) and long-term (~20 – 24 h) hypoxic exposure could increase PAI-1 levels in SCCHN in vivo. Importantly, radiation itself could lead to PAI-1 up-regulation in head and neck tumours, whereas reoxygenation of hypoxic tumour cells during fractionated radiotherapy could counteract the increased PAI-1 levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Schilling
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675 Munich, Germany
- GSF – Institute of Pathology, KKG, Innate Immunity in Tumor Biology, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Christine Bayer
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Anneke Geurts-Moespot
- Department of Chemical Endocrinology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Geert Grooteplein 8, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Fred CGJ Sweep
- Department of Chemical Endocrinology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Geert Grooteplein 8, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Martin Pruschy
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Zürich, Ramistr. 100, 8091 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Karin Mengele
- Clinical Research Unit of the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675 München, Germany
| | - Lisa D Sprague
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675 Munich, Germany
- Institute of Molecular Pathogenesis, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Naumburgerstr. 96a, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Michael Molls
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675 Munich, Germany
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Segura T, Schmokel H, Hubbell JA. RNA interference targeting hypoxia inducible factor 1alpha reduces post-operative adhesions in rats. J Surg Res 2007; 141:162-70. [PMID: 17561118 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2006.07.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2006] [Revised: 07/24/2006] [Accepted: 07/31/2006] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To investigate the use of RNA interference mediated gene down-regulation targeting hypoxia inducible factor 1alpha (HIF-1alpha) and plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1) in an effort to prevent abdominal adhesion formation. MATERIALS AND METHODS Real time PCR and a PAI-1 protein activity assay were used in vitro to determine the efficacy of small interfering RNAs (siRNAs). For in vivo experiments, 57 white female rats were operated to generate ischemic and serosal injury to the uterine horns, and treated with saline, siRNA(Lamin A/C) (negative control), siRNA(HIF-1alpha), siRNA(PAI-1), or siRNA(HIF-1alpha) plus siRNA(PAI-1). The cationic polyer poly(ethylenimine) (PEI) was used as the delivery vehicle for all siRNAs delivered in vivo. Adhesions were analyzed by a blinded surgeon 8 days post-surgery. RESULTS After in vitro transfection with siRNA, at least 69% gene down-regulation was obtained for all siRNAs tested. In vitro siRNA-mediated down-regulation of HIF-1alpha, PAI-1 or their simultaneous delivery resulted in a significant decrease of PAI-1 protein activity (at least P < 0.05). Administration of 4 nmol siRNA(HIF-1alpha)/PEI complexes after injury to the uterine horns achieved a statistical reduction of post-operative adhesion formation with a reduction by 52% (P < 0.05). Delivery of 4 nmol siRNA(PAI-1)/PEI complexes and the simultaneous delivery of 2 nmol siRNA(HIF-1alpha) plus 2 nmol siRNA(PAI-1), resulted in a reduction of abdominal adhesion by 36% and 42%, respectively, with the reduction being statistically significant when compared directly to the saline control (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION These data show that administration of siRNA/PEI complexes within the peritoneal cavity can be used to prevent post-operative abdominopelvic adhesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Segura
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Institute of Bioengineering and Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Lausanne, Switzerland
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Lash GE, Otun HA, Innes BA, Bulmer JN, Searle RF, Robson SC. Low Oxygen Concentrations Inhibit Trophoblast Cell Invasion from Early Gestation Placental Explants via Alterations in Levels of the Urokinase Plasminogen Activator System1. Biol Reprod 2006; 74:403-9. [PMID: 16251495 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.105.047332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Extravillous trophoblast cell (EVT) invasion in early pregnancy occurs in a relatively low-oxygen environment. The role of oxygen in regulation of EVT invasion remains controversial. We hypothesized that 1) culture in 3% oxygen inhibits EVT invasion compared with culture at 8% or 20% oxygen and 2) inhibition of invasion is due to alterations in levels of components of the urokinase plasminogen activator (PLAU, uPA) system rather than through increased apoptosis and/or decreased proliferation. Placental samples (8-10, 12-14, and 16-20 wk gestation) were obtained from women undergoing elective surgical termination of pregnancy or after cesarean section delivery (term) at the Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne, U.K. EVT invasion from placental explants cultured at 3%, 8%, or 20% oxygen was assessed using Matrigel invasion assays. Invasion was assessed on Day 6, explants were harvested for analysis of apoptosis and proliferation, and medium was stored for analysis of PLAU system components by ELISA and casein zymography. Culture at 3% oxygen inhibited EVT invasion. PLAU receptor and plasminogen activator inhibitor-2 protein levels were increased and PLAU activity decreased in these cultures. There was no difference in the proliferation in explants cultured at the three different oxygen concentrations. Apoptosis, assessed by M30 immunostaining, was increased in EVT at both 3% and 8% oxygen. The reduction in the invasive capacity of EVT cultured at 3% oxygen appears to be mediated both by a general inhibition of the PLAU system and a decrease in the number of cells available to invade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gendie E Lash
- Schools of Surgical and Reproductive Sciences, University of Newcastle-upon-Tyne, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, NE2 4HH, United Kingdom.
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Imaizumi T, Yoshida H, Satoh K. Regulation of CX3CL1/fractalkine expression in endothelial cells. J Atheroscler Thromb 2004; 11:15-21. [PMID: 15067194 DOI: 10.5551/jat.11.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
CX3CL1/fractalkine is a chemokine with a unique CX3C motif. Fractalkine is synthesized in endothelial cells as a membrane protein, and the N-terminal domain containing a CX3C motif is cleaved and secreted. CX3CR1, the specific receptor for fractalkine, is expressed in monocytes and lymphocytes. Membrane-bound fractalkine works as an adhesion molecule for these leukocytes and the secreted form as a chemotactic factor. Fractalkine is produced by endothelial cells stimulated with tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-1 (IL-1), lipopolysaccharide and interferon-gamma. Expression of fractalkine in endothelial cells is inhibited by the soluble form of IL-6 receptor-alpha, 15-deoxy-Delta(12,14)-prostaglandin J(2), and hypoxia. The expression of fractalkine is tightly regulated and fractalkine plays an important role in the interaction between leukocytes and endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadaatsu Imaizumi
- Department of Vascular Biology, Hirosaki University School of Medicine, Aomori, Japan.
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Yamashita K, Imaizumi T, Hatakeyama M, Tamo W, Kimura D, Kumagai M, Yoshida H, Satoh K. Effect of hypoxia on the expression of fractalkine in human endothelial cells. TOHOKU J EXP MED 2004; 200:187-94. [PMID: 14580149 DOI: 10.1620/tjem.200.187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
CX3CL1/fractalkine is a chemokine with a unique CX3C motif. Hypoxia mediates the expression of various genes, such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), cyclooxygenase-2, and plasminogen-activator inhibitor-1, in vascular endothelial cells. We studied the effect of hypoxia on the expression of fractalkine induced by interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) in endothelial cells. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells were cultured, and the stimulation of the cells with IFN-gamma was found to induce the expression of fractalkine. Hypoxia inhibited the expression of fractalkine mRNA and protein by IFN-gamma, and this effect was observed with concomitant increase in VEGF expression. Desferrioxamine, an iron chelator that mimics hypoxia in vitro, also inhibited the fractalkine production induced by IFN-gamma. Hypoxia did not affect the degradation of fractalkine mRNA. The inhibition of fractalkine expression by hypoxia was reversed on returning the cultures to reoxygenation condition. Inhibition of IFN-induced fractalkine expression by hypoxia was not affected by the presence of a radical scavenger, N-acetyl-L-cysteine, and the involvement of reactive oxygen species may be excluded. Inhibition of fractalkine expression by hypoxia may be involved in the pathophysiology of ischemic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koji Yamashita
- Department of Vascular Biology, Institute of Brain Science, Hirosaki University School of Medicine, Hirosaki 036-8562, Japan
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