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Jamali H, Akrami F, Bouakkaz S, Dozois CM. Prevalence of specific serogroups, antibiotic resistance and virulence factors of avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) isolated from clinical cases: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Microb Pathog 2024; 194:106843. [PMID: 39117015 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2024.106843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2024] [Revised: 07/22/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
Pathogenic strains of Escherichia coli infecting poultry, commonly called avian pathogenic E. coli (APEC) present significant risks, to the health of both poultry and the general public. This systematic review aimed to examine the prevalence of APEC serotypes, sequence types (ST), phylogenetic groups, virulence factors and antibiotic resistance patterns based on 189 research papers sourced from PubMed, Web of Science, and ProQuest. Then, data were extracted from the selected studies and analyzed to assess the global distribution and characteristics of APEC strains. The metaprop codes in the Meta and Metafor packages of R as implemented in RStudio were then used to conduct meta-analysis. Among APEC strains identified from these different research reports serogroup O78 had the highest overall prevalence (16 %), followed by serogroups O2 (10 %), and O117 (8 %). The most common ST profiles were ST117 (20 %), ST140 (15 %), ST95 (12 %), and ST131 (9 %). ST117 and ST140 are known reservoirs for pathogenic E. coli in humans. Moreover, phylogenetic assessment highlighted the prevalence of phylogroups A, A1, F, D, and B2 among APEC strains indicating diversity in phylogenetic origin within poultry populations. The presence of antimicrobial resistance was notable among APEC strains against antibiotics such as tetracyclines, penicillins, and cephalosporins. This resistance may be linked to use of antimicrobials in poultry production in certain regions presenting challenges for both animal health management and human infection control. Analysis of sequences linked to adherence or virulence indicated that genes encoding adhesins (csg, fimC), iron/metal uptake (sitB, sitC, iroD) and cytotoxicity (estB, hlyF), and serum resistance (traT, iss) were highly prevalent. These factors have been reported to contribute to APEC host colonization and virulence in poultry. In summary, this overview of the characteristics of APEC highlights the pressing importance of monitoring and implementing management approaches to reduce antimicrobial resistance considering that a phylogenetic diversity of E. coli strains causes infections in both poultry and humans and represents a risk to both animal and public health. Further, determining the major conserved aspects and predominant mechanisms of virulence of APEC is critical for improving diagnostics and developing preventative measures to reduce the burden of infection caused by pathogenic E. coli in poultry and lower risks associated with foodborne transmission of E. coli to humans through poultry and poultry products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Jamali
- Institut National de La Recherche Scientifique (INRS), Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, 531 Boul. des Prairies, Laval, QC H7V 1B7, Canada; Centre de Recherche en Infectiologie Porcine et Avicole (CRIPA), Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal Saint-Hyacinthe, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, Canada
| | - Fariba Akrami
- Institut National de La Recherche Scientifique (INRS), Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, 531 Boul. des Prairies, Laval, QC H7V 1B7, Canada; Centre de Recherche en Infectiologie Porcine et Avicole (CRIPA), Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal Saint-Hyacinthe, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, Canada
| | - Souhaib Bouakkaz
- École de Technologie Supérieure, 1100 R. Notre Dame Ouest, Montréal, QC H3C 1K3, Canada
| | - Charles M Dozois
- Institut National de La Recherche Scientifique (INRS), Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, 531 Boul. des Prairies, Laval, QC H7V 1B7, Canada; Centre de Recherche en Infectiologie Porcine et Avicole (CRIPA), Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal Saint-Hyacinthe, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, Canada.
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Awawdeh L, Forrest R, Turni C, Cobbold R, Henning J, Gibson J. Virulence-associated genes in faecal and clinical Escherichia coli isolates cultured from broiler chickens in Australia. Aust Vet J 2024; 102:398-406. [PMID: 38721873 DOI: 10.1111/avj.13339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 08/03/2024]
Abstract
A healthy chicken's intestinal flora harbours a rich reservoir of Escherichia coli as part of the commensal microbiota. However, some strains, known as avian pathogenic E. coli (APEC), carry specific virulence genes (VGs) that enable them to invade and cause extraintestinal infections such as avian colibacillosis. Although several VG combinations have been identified, the pathogenic mechanisms associated with APEC are ill-defined. The current study screened a subset of 88 E. coli isolates selected from 237 pre-existing isolates obtained from commercial poultry flocks in Australia. The 88 isolates were selected based on their enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus (ERIC) and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) profiles and included 29 E. coli isolates cultured from chickens with colibacillosis (referred to as clinical E. coli or CEC) and 59 faecal E. coli (FEC) isolates cultured from clinically healthy chickens. The isolates were screened for the presence of 35 previously reported VGs. Of these, 34 were identified, with iucA not being detected. VGs focG, hlyA and sfa/foc were only detected in FEC isolates. Eight VGs had a prevalence of 90% or above in the CEC isolates. Specifically, astA (100%); feoB (96.6%); iutA, iss, ompT, iroN and hlyF (all 93.1%); and vat (89.7%). The prevalence of these were significantly lower in FEC isolates (astA 79.7%, feoB 77.9%, iutA 52.5%, iss 45.8%, ompT 50.9%, iroN 37.3%, hlyF 50.9% and vat 42.4%). The odds ratios that each of these eight VGs were more likely to be associated with CEC than FEC ranged from 7.8 to 21.9. These eight VGs may be used to better define APEC and diagnostically detect APEC in Australia. Further investigations are needed to identify the roles of these VGs in pathogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Awawdeh
- School of Science, Western Sydney University, Richmond, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Veterinary Science, The University of Queensland, Gatton, Queensland, Australia
| | - R Forrest
- Nursing & Health Science, Te Pūkenga|Eastern Institute of Technology, Napier, New Zealand
| | - C Turni
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, Centre for Animal Science, The University of Queensland, Dutton Park, Queensland, Australia
| | - R Cobbold
- School of Veterinary Science, The University of Queensland, Gatton, Queensland, Australia
| | - J Henning
- School of Veterinary Science, The University of Queensland, Gatton, Queensland, Australia
| | - J Gibson
- School of Veterinary Science, The University of Queensland, Gatton, Queensland, Australia
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Zahoor MA, Nawaz Z, Jamil A, Yasmin A, Alagawany M, Othman SI, Allam AA, El-Shall NA. Determining the prevalence and genetic diversity of plasmid-mediated sulfonamide resistance in Escherichia coli from commercial broiler samples. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103258. [PMID: 38070402 PMCID: PMC10755487 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.103258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Sulfonamides are commonly used antibacterials in commercial poultry, contributing toward the development of multidrug-resistant (MDR) phenotypes among Escherichia coli and that has emerged as global concern. The current study aimed to assess the sulfonamide resistance among isolated E. coli strains among commercial broilers. The bacterial strains were identified from fecal samples (n = 100) using selective media, followed by initial identification based on biochemical profiles. The susceptibility was determined by measuring the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) against sulfamethoxazole. The study also evaluated mobile genetic elements (MGEs), the mediators of antibiotic resistance, by amplification of plasmid DNA using specific primer PCR. Additionally, the isolates were subjected to multilocus sequence typing (MLST) analysis to investigate the genetic diversity among E. coli carrying sulfonamide resistance genes. The results revealed that 58% (58/100) E. coli strains were resistant to sulfonamides, with 36.20% (21/58) of the strains exhibiting an MIC breakpoint ≥512 µg/mL. PCR analysis showed that 42.85% (9/21) of the strains harbored the sul-1 gene, while 38.09% (8/21) carried the sul-2 gene, and 19.04% (4/21) had both genes. No isolate showed the presence of the sul-3 gene. Furthermore, class 1 and class 2 integrons were identified among 80.95% (17/21) and 19.04% (4/21) of the strains, respectively. MLST analysis confirmed that the strains belonged to sequence types (STs) including ST1638, ST155, ST48, ST350, ST23, ST156, and ST746. These findings underscore the diversity among E. coli strains in commercial poultry, which poses a significant risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Asif Zahoor
- Institute of Microbiology, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Zeeshan Nawaz
- Institute of Microbiology, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Arslan Jamil
- Institute of Microbiology, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Aysha Yasmin
- Department of Biochemistry, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Mahmoud Alagawany
- Department of Poultry, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Sarah I Othman
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed A Allam
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Beni-suef University, Beni-suef 65211, Egypt; Department of Biology, College of Science, Imam Muhammad Ibn Saud Islamic University, Riyadh 11623, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nahed A El-Shall
- Department of Poultry and Fish Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Edfina, Egypt.
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Oh S, Park SH, Choi JH, Kim SL, Kim M, Lee S, Yi MH, Lee IY, Yong TS, Kim JY. The microbiota in feces of domestic pigeons in Seoul, Korea. Heliyon 2023; 9:e14997. [PMID: 37095944 PMCID: PMC10121612 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e14997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
In Korea, feral pigeons pose significant public health risks because they carry various zoonotic pathogens. Human population density is a significant factor in zoonotic disease events. Seoul is one of the largest cities by population density among developed countries and where most of the homeless population in Korea exists. We designed this study to compare the microbiota of pigeon feces by regional characteristics and the presence of homeless individuals. Therefore, this study used 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing to detect possible pathogenic microbes and assess the current risk of zoonosis in Seoul, South Korea. Pigeon fecal samples (n = 144) obtained from 19 public sites (86 and 58 fecal samples from regions in and outside Seoul, respectively) were examined. Potentially pathogenic bacteria were also detected in the fecal samples; Campylobacter spp. was found in 19 samples from 13 regions, Listeriaceae was found in seven samples, and Chlamydia spp. was found in three samples from two regions. Principal coordinates analysis and permutational multivariate analysis of variance revealed a significant difference in bacterial composition between the regions in Seoul (n = 86) and outside Seoul (n = 58) and between the regions with (n = 81) and without (n = 63) homeless individuals. Overall, this study identified various potentially pathogenic microorganisms in pigeon feces at public sites in South Korea. Moreover, this study demonstrates that the microbial composition was influenced by regional characteristics and homelessness. Taken together, this study provides important information for public health strategic planning and disease control.
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Bhattarai RK, Basnet HB, Dhakal IP, Alocilja EC. Virulence genes of avian pathogenic Escherichia coli isolated from commercial chicken in Nepal. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2023; 95:101961. [PMID: 36870115 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2023.101961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
Colibacillosis is the most common bacteriological disease in poultry. The purpose of this study was to determine the recovery rate of avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) strains, the distribution, prevalence of Escherichia coli Reference (ECOR) collection and virulence associated gene (VAG) in four types of chickens infected by colibacillosis. Commercial broilers and layers had the highest percentage of positive APEC isolates (91%). We confirmed the ECOR phylogroup including B1 and E for the first time in Nepal. The prevalences of these phylogroups among chicken types were significantly different (p < 0.001). Among 57 VAGs, the number of genes found per isolate ranged from 8 to 26, with the top 5 VAGs being fimH (100%), issa (92.2%), traTa (90.6%), sit chro. (86%), and ironEC (84.8%). We found significant differences in gene prevalence among the chicken types. The predominance of B1 and E, and the VAG patterns suggest considering ECOR phylogroup and VAGs while formulating strategies for the prevention and control of APEC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebanta Kumar Bhattarai
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Animal Science, Veterinary Science and Fisheries, Agriculture and Forestry University, Nepal.
| | - Hom Bahadur Basnet
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Animal Science, Veterinary Science and Fisheries, Agriculture and Forestry University, Nepal.
| | - Ishwari Prasad Dhakal
- Department of Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Animal Science, Veterinary Science and Fisheries, Agriculture and Forestry University, Nepal.
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Yehia N, Salem HM, Mahmmod Y, Said D, Samir M, Mawgod SA, Sorour HK, AbdelRahman MAA, Selim S, Saad AM, El-Saadony MT, El-Meihy RM, Abd El-Hack ME, El-Tarabily KA, Zanaty AM. Common viral and bacterial avian respiratory infections: an updated review. Poult Sci 2023; 102:102553. [PMID: 36965253 PMCID: PMC10064437 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.102553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Many pathogens that cause chronic diseases in birds use the respiratory tract as a primary route of infection, and respiratory disorders are the main leading source of financial losses in the poultry business. Respiratory infections are a serious problem facing the poultry sector, causing severe economic losses. Avian influenza virus, Newcastle disease virus, infectious bronchitis virus, and avian pneumovirus are particularly serious viral respiratory pathogens. Mycoplasma gallisepticum, Staphylococcus, Bordetella avium, Pasteurella multocida, Riemerella anatipestifer, Chlamydophila psittaci, and Escherichia coli have been identified as the most serious bacterial respiratory pathogens in poultry. This review gives an updated summary, incorporating the latest data, about the evidence for the circulation of widespread, economically important poultry respiratory pathogens, with special reference to possible methods for the control and prevention of these pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nahed Yehia
- Reference Laboratory for Veterinary Quality Control on Poultry Production, Animal Health Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Giza 12618, Egypt
| | - Heba M Salem
- Department of Poultry Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza 12211, Egypt
| | - Yasser Mahmmod
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Higher Colleges of Technology, Al Ain 17155, United Arab Emirates
| | - Dalia Said
- Reference Laboratory for Veterinary Quality Control on Poultry Production, Animal Health Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Giza 12618, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud Samir
- Reference Laboratory for Veterinary Quality Control on Poultry Production, Animal Health Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Giza 12618, Egypt
| | - Sara Abdel Mawgod
- Reference Laboratory for Veterinary Quality Control on Poultry Production, Animal Health Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Giza 12618, Egypt
| | - Hend K Sorour
- Reference Laboratory for Veterinary Quality Control on Poultry Production, Animal Health Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Giza 12618, Egypt
| | - Mona A A AbdelRahman
- Reference Laboratory for Veterinary Quality Control on Poultry Production, Animal Health Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Giza 12618, Egypt
| | - Samy Selim
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jouf University, Sakaka 72388, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed M Saad
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
| | - Mohamed T El-Saadony
- Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
| | - Rasha M El-Meihy
- Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture, Benha University, Moshtohor, Qaluybia 13736, Egypt
| | - Mohamed E Abd El-Hack
- Poultry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
| | - Khaled A El-Tarabily
- Department of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain 15551, United Arab Emirates; Khalifa Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain 15551, United Arab Emirates; Harry Butler Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch 6150, Western Australia, Australia.
| | - Ali M Zanaty
- Reference Laboratory for Veterinary Quality Control on Poultry Production, Animal Health Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Giza 12618, Egypt
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Hamame A, Davoust B, Cherak Z, Rolain JM, Diene SM. Mobile Colistin Resistance ( mcr) Genes in Cats and Dogs and Their Zoonotic Transmission Risks. Pathogens 2022; 11:698. [PMID: 35745552 PMCID: PMC9230929 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11060698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Pets, especially cats and dogs, represent a great potential for zoonotic transmission, leading to major health problems. The purpose of this systematic review was to present the latest developments concerning colistin resistance through mcr genes in pets. The current study also highlights the health risks of the transmission of colistin resistance between pets and humans. Methods: We conducted a systematic review on mcr-positive bacteria in pets and studies reporting their zoonotic transmission to humans. Bibliographic research queries were performed on the following databases: Google Scholar, PubMed, Scopus, Microsoft Academic, and Web of Science. Articles of interest were selected using the PRISMA guideline principles. Results: The analyzed articles from the investigated databases described the presence of mcr gene variants in pets including mcr-1, mcr-2, mcr-3, mcr-4, mcr-5, mcr-8, mcr-9, and mcr-10. Among these articles, four studies reported potential zoonotic transmission of mcr genes between pets and humans. The epidemiological analysis revealed that dogs and cats can be colonized by mcr genes that are beginning to spread in different countries worldwide. Overall, reported articles on this subject highlight the high risk of zoonotic transmission of colistin resistance genes between pets and their owners. Conclusions: This review demonstrated the spread of mcr genes in pets and their transmission to humans, indicating the need for further measures to control this significant threat to public health. Therefore, we suggest here some strategies against this threat such as avoiding zoonotic transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afaf Hamame
- Faculté de Pharmacie, IRD, APHM, MEPHI, IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Aix Marseille University, 19-21 Boulevard Jean Moulin, CEDEX 05, 13385 Marseille, France;
- IHU-Méditerranée Infection, 19-21 Boulevard Jean Moulin, CEDEX 05, 13385 Marseille, France;
| | - Bernard Davoust
- IHU-Méditerranée Infection, 19-21 Boulevard Jean Moulin, CEDEX 05, 13385 Marseille, France;
| | - Zineb Cherak
- Faculté des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie, Université Batna-2, Route de Constantine, Fésdis, Batna 05078, Algeria;
| | - Jean-Marc Rolain
- Faculté de Pharmacie, IRD, APHM, MEPHI, IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Aix Marseille University, 19-21 Boulevard Jean Moulin, CEDEX 05, 13385 Marseille, France;
- IHU-Méditerranée Infection, 19-21 Boulevard Jean Moulin, CEDEX 05, 13385 Marseille, France;
| | - Seydina M. Diene
- Faculté de Pharmacie, IRD, APHM, MEPHI, IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Aix Marseille University, 19-21 Boulevard Jean Moulin, CEDEX 05, 13385 Marseille, France;
- IHU-Méditerranée Infection, 19-21 Boulevard Jean Moulin, CEDEX 05, 13385 Marseille, France;
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Johnson TJ, Miller EA, Flores-Figueroa C, Munoz-Aguayo J, Cardona C, Fransen K, Lighty M, Gonder E, Nezworski J, Haag A, Behl M, Kromm M, Wileman B, Studniski M, Singer RS. Refining the definition of the avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) pathotype through inclusion of high-risk clonal groups. Poult Sci 2022; 101:102009. [PMID: 35952599 PMCID: PMC9385700 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2022.102009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Timothy J Johnson
- University of Minnesota, Mid-Central Research and Outreach Center, Willmar, MN, USA; University of Minnesota, Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Saint Paul, MN, USA.
| | - Elizabeth A Miller
- University of Minnesota, Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Saint Paul, MN, USA
| | | | | | - Carol Cardona
- University of Minnesota, Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Saint Paul, MN, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Adam Haag
- Pilgrims Pride, Sauk Rapids, MN, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Randall S Singer
- University of Minnesota, Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Saint Paul, MN, USA
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Awawdeh L, Turni C, Mollinger JL, Henning J, Cobbold RN, Trott DJ, Gibson JS. Antimicrobial susceptibility, plasmid replicon typing, phylogenetic grouping, and virulence potential of avian pathogenic and faecal Escherichia coli isolated from meat chickens in Australia. Avian Pathol 2022; 51:349-360. [PMID: 35417283 DOI: 10.1080/03079457.2022.2065969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Globally, avian colibacillosis is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in poultry, associated with economic losses and welfare problems. Here, clinical avian pathogenic E. coli isolates (CEC; n=50) and faecal E. coli isolates from healthy (FEC; n=187) Australian meat chickens collected between 2006 and 2014 were subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility testing, phylogenetic grouping, plasmid replicon (PR) typing, multilocus sequence typing, and virulence gene (VG) profiling. Extended-spectrum cephalosporin (ESC)- and fluoroquinolone (FQ)-resistant E. coli isolates underwent further genetic characterisation. Significant proportions of CEC and FEC were respectively susceptible (13/50 [26%]; 48/187 [26%],) or MDR (9/50 [18%]; 26/187 [14%]) to 20 tested antimicrobials. Phylogenetic groups A and C, and PR types IncFIB and IncFrep were most commonly represented. Five tested CEC-associated VGs were more prevalent in CEC (≥90%) compared to FEC isolates (≤58%). Some isolates (CEC n=3; FEC n=7) were resistant to ESCs and/or FQs and possessed signature mutations in chromosomal FQ target genes and plasmid-mediated qnrS, blaCMY-2, and blaDHA-1 genes. Sequence type 354 (n=4), associated with extraintestinal infections in a broad range of hosts, was prevalent among the ESC- and/or FQ-resistant FEC.This study confirmed the existence of a small reservoir of ESC- and FQ-resistant E. coli in Australian commercial meat chickens despite the absence of use in the industry of these drug classes. Otherwise, a diversity of VGs and PR types in both faecal and clinical E. coli populations were identified. It's hypothesised that the source of ESC- and FQ-resistant E. coli may be external to poultry production facilities.Highlights1. Low-level resistance to older and newer generation antimicrobial drugs detected2. The most common sequence type (ST) associated with FQ resistance was ST354 (4/10)3. A small proportion of CEC (n=3) and FEC (n=7) were resistant to ESCs and/or FQs.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Awawdeh
- School of Veterinary Science, The University of Queensland, Gatton, Queensland 4343, Australia.,Eastern Institute of Technology, Hawke's Bay, 501 Gloucester Street, Taradale, Napier 4112, New Zealand
| | - C Turni
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, Dutton Park, Queensland 4102, Austalia
| | - J L Mollinger
- Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, Health & Food Science Precinct, Coopers Plains, Queensland 4108, Australia
| | - J Henning
- School of Veterinary Science, The University of Queensland, Gatton, Queensland 4343, Australia
| | - R N Cobbold
- School of Veterinary Science, The University of Queensland, Gatton, Queensland 4343, Australia
| | - D J Trott
- Australian Centre for Antimicrobial Resistance Ecology, The University of Adelaide, Roseworthy Campus, Mudla Wirra Rd, Roseworthy, 5371, Australia
| | - J S Gibson
- School of Veterinary Science, The University of Queensland, Gatton, Queensland 4343, Australia
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Grakh K, Mittal D, Prakash A, Jindal N. Characterization and antimicrobial susceptibility of biofilm-producing Avian Pathogenic Escherichia coli from broiler chickens and their environment in India. Vet Res Commun 2022; 46:537-548. [PMID: 35112272 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-021-09881-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) is responsible for colibacillosis in poultry. APEC remains a constant problem for the poultry industry, despite the use of antimicrobials and disinfectants in farms. The endemicity of APEC in poultry farms is associated with its biofilm-forming ability, which is further aggravated by various virulence factors and resistance to multiple drugs that help bacteria to thrive under different environmental conditions. To characterize APEC from affected broiler chickens and their environments, samples (n=114) from dead birds (heart, liver, lungs, and cloacal swab) and surrounding environments such as feeder, drinker, litter, PVC pipe, water tank wall, feed, and water were collected. The collected samples were subjected to microbial isolation using MacConkey Lactose agar (MLA) and Eosin Methylene Blue agar (EMB), which led to the isolation of 62 E. coli isolates. This was confirmed by uspA gene amplification and Vitek 2 Compact. These isolates were characterized using a set of five virulence genes (hlyF, ompT, iroN, iss, iutA), which yielded 47 (75.80%) isolates as APEC and the remaining as non-APEC. Furthermore, all the 62 isolates were subjected to microtiter plate assay for biofilm detection and the result showed that 36 (58.06%) isolates were able to form moderate to strong biofilms in Trypticase soy broth (TSB) at 72h of incubation. Of the 36 biofilm-producing isolates, 30 were APEC. Biofilm-related genes (crl, csgA, fimH, luxS, and papC) were also detected with higher prevalence among APEC isolates. Antimicrobial susceptibility test using Vitek 2 Compact revealed 43 (91.48%) of 47 APEC isolates as multiple drug resistant (MDR) and 8 (17.02%) as ESBL positive. This study reveals that APEC with biofilm formation ability is present in poultry farms. Further studies are needed to understand the role of biofilms in the pathogenesis and antimicrobial resistance of APEC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kushal Grakh
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Epidemiology, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar, 125004, India.
| | - Dinesh Mittal
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Epidemiology, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar, 125004, India
| | - Anand Prakash
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Epidemiology, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar, 125004, India
| | - Naresh Jindal
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Epidemiology, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar, 125004, India
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Yu Y, Hu B, Fan H, Zhang H, Lian S, Li H, Li S, Yan X, Wang S, Bai X. Molecular Epidemiology of Extraintestinal Pathogenic Escherichia coli Causing Hemorrhagic Pneumonia in Mink in Northern China. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:781068. [PMID: 34778114 PMCID: PMC8581539 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.781068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The molecular epidemiology and biological characteristics of Escherichia coli associated with hemorrhagic pneumonia (HP) mink from five Chinese Provinces were determined. From 2017 to 2019, 85 E. coli strains were identified from 115 lung samples of mink suffering from HP. These samples were subjected to serotyping, antimicrobial susceptibility, detection of virulence genes, phylogenetic grouping, whole-genome sequencing, drug resistant gene, multilocus sequence typing (MLST) and biofilm-forming assays. E. coli strains were divided into 18 serotypes. Thirty-nine E. coli strains belonged to the O11 serotype. Eighty-five E. coli strains were classified into seven phylogenetic groups: E (45.9%, 39/85), A (27.1%, 23/85), B1 (14.1%, 12/85), B2 (3.7%, 3/85), D (3.7%, 3/85), F (2.4%, 2/85) and clade I (1.2%, 1/85). MLST showed that the main sequence types (STs) were ST457 (27/66), All E. coli strains had ≥4 virulence genes. The prevalence of virulence was 98.8% for yijp and fimC, 96.5% for iucD, 95.3% for ompA, 91.8% for cnf-Ⅰ, 89.4% for mat, 82.3% for hlyF, and 81.2% for ibeB. The prevalence of virulence genes iss, cva/cvi, aatA, ibeA, vat, hlyF, and STa was 3.5-57.6%. All E. coli strains were sensitive to sulfamethoxazole, but high resistance was shown to tetracycline (76.5%), chloramphenicol (71.8%), ciprofloxacin (63.5%) and florfenicol (52.9%), resistance to other antibiotics was 35.3-16.5%. The types and ratios of drug-resistance genes were tet(A), strA, strB, sul2, oqxA, blaTEM-1B, floR, and catA1 had the highest frequency from 34%-65%, which were consistent with our drug resistance phenotype tetracycline, florfenicol, quinolones, chloramphenicol, the bla-NDM-I and mcr-I were presented in ST457 strains. Out of 85 E. coli strains, six (7.1%) possessed a strong ability, 12 (14.1%) possessed a moderate ability, and 64 (75.3%) showed a weak ability to form biofilm. Our data will aid understanding of the epidemiological background and provide a clinical basis for HP treatment in mink caused by E. coli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Yu
- Key Laboratory of Special Animal Epidemic Disease, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Bo Hu
- Key Laboratory of Special Animal Epidemic Disease, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Huanhuan Fan
- Key Laboratory of Special Animal Epidemic Disease, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Hailing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Special Animal Epidemic Disease, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Shizhen Lian
- Key Laboratory of Special Animal Epidemic Disease, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Hongye Li
- Key Laboratory of Special Animal Epidemic Disease, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Shuangshuang Li
- Key Laboratory of Special Animal Epidemic Disease, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Xijun Yan
- Key Laboratory of Special Animal Epidemic Disease, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Shaohui Wang
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xue Bai
- Key Laboratory of Special Animal Epidemic Disease, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
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Mehat JW, van Vliet AHM, La Ragione RM. The Avian Pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) pathotype is comprised of multiple distinct, independent genotypes. Avian Pathol 2021; 50:402-416. [PMID: 34047644 DOI: 10.1080/03079457.2021.1915960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Avian Pathogenic E. coli (APEC) is the causative agent of avian colibacillosis, resulting in economic losses to the poultry industry through morbidity, mortality and carcass condemnation, and impacts the welfare of poultry. Colibacillosis remains a complex disease to manage, hampered by diagnostic and classification strategies for E. coli that are inadequate for defining APEC. However, increased accessibility of whole genome sequencing (WGS) technology has enabled phylogenetic approaches to be applied to the classification of E. coli and genomic characterization of the most common APEC serotypes associated with colibacillosis O1, O2 and O78. These approaches have demonstrated that the O78 serotype is representative of two distinct APEC lineages, ST-23 in phylogroup C and ST-117 in phylogroup G. The O1 and O2 serotypes belong to a third lineage comprised of three sub-populations in phylogroup B2; ST-95, ST-140 and ST-428/ST-429. The frequency with which these genotypes are associated with colibacillosis implicates them as the predominant APEC populations and distinct from those causing incidental or opportunistic infections. The fact that these are disparate clusters from multiple phylogroups suggests that these lineages may have become adapted to the poultry niche independently. WGS studies have highlighted the limitations of traditional APEC classification and can now provide a path towards a robust and more meaningful definition of the APEC pathotype. Future studies should focus on characterizing individual APEC populations in detail and using this information to develop improved diagnostics and interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jai W Mehat
- Department of Pathology and Infectious Diseases, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - Arnoud H M van Vliet
- Department of Pathology and Infectious Diseases, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - Roberto M La Ragione
- Department of Pathology and Infectious Diseases, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
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13
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Phenotypic and genotypic characterization of mcr-1-positive multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli ST93, ST117, ST156, ST10, and ST744 isolated from poultry in Poland. Braz J Microbiol 2021; 52:1597-1609. [PMID: 34114111 PMCID: PMC8324725 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-021-00538-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background A plasmid-mediated mechanism of bacterial resistance to polymyxin is a serious threat to public health worldwide. The present study aimed to determine the occurrence of plasmid-mediated colistin resistance genes and to conduct the molecular characterization of mcr-positive Escherichia coli strains isolated from Polish poultry. Methods In this study, 318 E. coli strains were characterized by the prevalence of mcr1–mcr5 genes, antimicrobial susceptibility testing by minimal inhibitory concentration method, the presence of antimicrobial resistance genes was screened by PCR, and the biofilm formation ability was tested using the crystal violet staining method. Genetic relatedness of mcr-1-positive E. coli strains was evaluated by multilocus sequence typing method. Results Among the 318 E. coli isolates, 17 (5.35%) harbored the mcr-1 gene. High antimicrobial resistance rates were observed for ampicillin (100%), tetracycline (88.24%), and chloramphenicol (82.35%). All mcr-1-positive E. coli strains were multidrug-resistant, and as many as 88.24% of the isolates contained the blaTEM gene, tetracycline (tetA and tetB), and sulfonamide (sul1, sul2, and sul3) resistance genes. Additionally, 41.18% of multidrug-resistant, mcr-1-positive E. coli isolates were moderate biofilm producers, while the rest of the strains showed weak biofilm production. Nine different sequence types were identified, and the dominant ST was ST93 (29.41%), followed by ST117 (17.65%), ST156 (11.76%), ST 8979 (11.76%), ST744 (5.88%), and ST10 (5.88%). Moreover, the new ST was identified in this study. Conclusions Our results showed a low occurrence of mcr-1-positive E. coli strains isolated from Polish poultry; however, all the isolated strains were resistant to multiple antimicrobial agents and were able to form biofilms at low or medium level.
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14
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The role of silver nanoparticles in the reluctance of colisepticemia in broiler chickens. J APPL POULTRY RES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.japr.2021.100155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Barbieri NL, Pimenta RL, de Melo DA, Nolan LK, de Souza MMS, Logue CM. mcr-1 Identified in Fecal Escherichia coli and Avian Pathogenic E. coli (APEC) From Brazil. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:659613. [PMID: 33959114 PMCID: PMC8093808 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.659613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Colisitin-associated resistance in bacteria of food producing animals has gained significant attention with the mcr gene being linked with resistance. Recently, newer variants of mcr have emerged with more than nine variants currently recognized. Reports of mcr associated resistance in Escherichia coli of poultry appear to be relatively limited, but its prevalence requires assessment since poultry is one of the most important and cheapest sources of the world’s protein and the emergence of resistance could limit our ability to treat disease outbreaks. Here, 107 E. coli isolates from production poultry were screened for the presence of mcr 1–9. The isolates were collected between April 2015 and June 2016 from broiler chickens and free-range layer hens in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. All isolates were recovered from the trachea and cloaca of healthy birds and an additional two isolates were recovered from sick birds diagnosed with colibacillosis. All isolates were screened for the presence of mcr-1 to 9 using PCR and Sanger sequencing for confirmation of positive genes. Additionally, pulse field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) analysis, avian fecal E. coli (APEC) virulence associated gene screening, plasmid replicon typing and antimicrobial resistance phenotype and resistance gene screening, were also carried out to further characterize these isolates. The mcr-1 gene was detected in 62 (57.9%) isolates (61 healthy and 1 APEC) and the mcr-5 gene was detected in 3 (2.8%) isolates; mcr-2, mcr-3, mcr-4, mcr-6, mcr-7, mcr-8, and mcr-9 were not detected in any isolate. In addition, mcr 1 and 5 positive isolates were phenotypically resistant to colistin using the agar dilution assay (> 8ug/ml). PFGE analysis found that most of the isolates screened had unique fingerprints suggesting that the emergence of colistin resistance was not the result of clonal dissemination. Plasmid replicon types IncI2, FIB, and B/O were found in 38, 36, and 34% of the mcr positive isolates and were the most prevalent replicon types detected; tetA and tetB (32 and 26%, respectively) were the most prevalent antimicrobial resistance genes detected and iutA, was the most prevalent APEC virulence associated gene, detected in 50% of the isolates. Approximately 32% of the isolates examined could be classified as APEC-like, based on the presence of 3 or more genes of APEC virulence associated path panel (iroN, ompT, hlyF, iss, iutA). This study has identified a high prevalence of mcr-1 in poultry isolates in Brazil, suggesting that animal husbandry practices could result in a potential source of resistance to the human food chain in countries where application of colistin in animal health is practiced. Emergence of the mcr gene and associated colisitin resistance in production poultry warrants continued monitoring from the animal health and human health perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolle Lima Barbieri
- Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Ramon Loureiro Pimenta
- Department of Veterinary Science, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Seropedica, Brazil
| | - Dayanne Araujo de Melo
- Department of Veterinary Science, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Seropedica, Brazil
| | - Lisa K Nolan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | | | - Catherine M Logue
- Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
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El-Mokhtar MA, Daef E, Mohamed Hussein AAR, Hashem MK, Hassan HM. Emergence of Nosocomial Pneumonia Caused by Colistin-Resistant Escherichia coli in Patients Admitted to Chest Intensive Care Unit. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10030226. [PMID: 33668302 PMCID: PMC7996192 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10030226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Colistin is a last-resort antibiotic used in treating multidrug-resistant Gram-negative infections. The growing emergence of colistin resistance in Escherichia coli (E. coli) represents a serious health threat, particularly to intensive care unit (ICU) patients. (2) Methods: In this work, we investigated the emergence of colistin resistance in 140 nosocomial E. coli isolated from patients with pneumonia and admitted to the chest ICU over 36 months. Virulence and resistance-related genes and E. coli pathotypes in colistin-resistant and colistin-sensitive isolates were determined. (3) Results: Colistin resistance was observed in 21/140 (15%) of the nosocomial E. coli isolates. The MIC50 of the resistant strains was 4 mg/L, while MIC90 was 16 mg/L. Colistin-resistant isolates were also co-resistant to amoxicillin, amoxicillin/clavulanic, aztreonam, ciprofloxacin, and chloramphenicol. The mechanism of colistin resistance was represented by the presence of mcr-1 in all resistant strains. Respectively, 42.9% and 36.1% of colistin-resistant and colistin-sensitive groups were extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) producers, while 23.8% and 21% were metallo β-lactamase (MBL) producers. blaTEM-type was the most frequently detected ESBL gene, while blaIMP-type was the most common MBL in both groups. Importantly, most resistant strains showed a significantly high prevalence of astA (76.2%), aggR (76.2%), and pic (52.4%) virulence-related genes. Enteroaggregative E. coli (76%) was the most frequently detected genotype among the colistin-resistant strains. (4) Conclusion: The high colistin resistance rate observed in E. coli strains isolated from patients with nosocomial pneumonia in our university hospital is worrisome. These isolates carry different drug resistance and virulence-related genes. Our results indicate the need for careful monitoring of colistin resistance in our university hospital. Furthermore, infection control policies restricting the unnecessary use of extended-spectrum cephalosporins and carbapenems are necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A. El-Mokhtar
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut 71515, Egypt; (M.A.E.-M.); (E.D.)
- Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sphinx University, Assiut 71515, Egypt
| | - Enas Daef
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut 71515, Egypt; (M.A.E.-M.); (E.D.)
| | | | - Maiada K. Hashem
- Chest Department, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut 71515, Egypt; (A.A.R.M.H.); (M.K.H.)
| | - Hebatallah M. Hassan
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut 71515, Egypt; (M.A.E.-M.); (E.D.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +2-010-2218-2086
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Shalaby AG, Bakry NR, Mohamed AAE, Khalil AA. Evaluating Flinders Technology Associates card for transporting bacterial isolates and retrieval of bacterial DNA after various storage conditions. Vet World 2020; 13:2243-2251. [PMID: 33281363 PMCID: PMC7704315 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2020.2243-2251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim: Flinders Technology Associates (FTA) cards simplify sample storage, transport, and extraction by reducing cost and time for diagnosis. This study evaluated the FTA suitability for safe transport and storage of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial cells of animal origin on its liquid culture form and from organ impression smears (tissues) under the same routine condition of microbiological laboratory along with detecting their nucleic acid over different storage conditions. Materials and Methods: Increase in bacterial count from 104 to 107 (colony-forming units/mL) of 78 isolates representing seven bacterial species was applied onto cards. FTA cards were grouped and inoculated by these bacteria and then stored at different conditions of 24-27°C, 4°C, and −20°C for 24 h, for 2 weeks, for 1 and 3 month storage, respectively. Bacteriological examination was done, after which bacterial DNA was identified using specific primers for each bacterial type and detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Results: The total percentage of recovered bacteria from FTA cards was 66.7% at 24-27°C for 24 h, the detection limit was 100% in Gram-positive species, while it was 57.4% in Gram-negative ones. Regarding viable cell detection from organ impression smears, it was successful under the previous conditions. No live bacterial cells were observed by bacteriological isolation rather than only at 24-27°C for 24 h storage. All bacterial DNA were sufficiently confirmed by the PCR technique at different conditions. Conclusion: Overall, the FTA card method was observed to be a valid tool for nucleic acid purification for bacteria of animal origin in the form of culture or organ smears regardless of its Gram type and is used for a short time only 24 h for storage and transport of live bacteria specifically Gram-positive type. Moreover, the bacterial nucleic acid was intact after storage in −20°C for 3 months and was PCR amplifiable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azhar G Shalaby
- Department of Biotechnology Unit, Reference Laboratory for Veterinary Quality Control on Poultry Production, Animal Health Research Institute, Agricultural Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Neveen R Bakry
- Department of Epidemiology Unit, Reference Laboratory for Veterinary Quality Control on Poultry Production, Animal Health Research Institute, Agricultural Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Abeer A E Mohamed
- Department of Buffalo Diseases, Animal Health Research Institute, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Ashraf A Khalil
- Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, City of Scientific Research and Technology Applications, Borg Elarab, Alexandria, Egypt
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Rahayuningtyas I, Indrawati A, Wibawan IWT, Palupi MF, Istiyaningsih I. Phylogenetic group determination and plasmid virulence gene profiles of colistin-resistant Escherichia coli originated from the broiler meat supply chain in Bogor, Indonesia. Vet World 2020; 13:1807-1814. [PMID: 33132591 PMCID: PMC7566268 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2020.1807-1814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim: Pathogenic Escherichia coli contamination along the broiler meat supply chain is a serious public health concern. This bacterial infection with multidrug-resistant can lead to treatment failure. Several studies have revealed that avian pathogenic E. coli (APEC) and human extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli (ExPEC) showed a close genetic relationship and may share virulence genes. This study aimed to determine the phylogenetic group and virulence gene profiles in colistin-resistant E. coli obtained from the broiler meat supply chain in Bogor, West Java, Indonesia. Materials and Methods: Fifty-eight archive isolates originated from the cloacal swab, litter, drinking water, inside plucker swab, fresh meat at small scale poultry slaughterhouses, and traditional markets were used in this study. All the isolates were characterized by a polymerase chain reaction to determine the phylogenetic group (A, B1, B2, or D) and virulence gene profiles with APEC marker genes (iutA, hlyF, iss, iroN, and ompT). Results: Phylogenetic grouping revealed that the isolates belong to A group (34.48%), D group (34.48%), B1 group (17.24%), and B2 group (13.79%). The virulence gene prevalence was as follows: iutA (36%), hlyF (21%), ompT (21%), iroN (10%), and iss (9%). The B2 group presented with more virulence genes combinations. iroN, hlyF, and ompT genes were positively associated with the B2 group (p≤0.05). Conclusion: Our results highlight the role of colistin-resistant E. coli originated from the broiler meat supply chain as a potential reservoir for human ExPEC virulence genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irma Rahayuningtyas
- Department of Animal Disease and Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, IPB University-Bogor, Indonesia.,National Veterinary Drug Assay Laboratory, Directorate General of Livestock and Animal Health, Ministry of Agriculture of the Republic of Indonesia, Indonesia
| | - Agustin Indrawati
- Department of Animal Disease and Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, IPB University-Bogor, Indonesia
| | - I Wayan Teguh Wibawan
- Department of Animal Disease and Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, IPB University-Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Maria Fatima Palupi
- National Veterinary Drug Assay Laboratory, Directorate General of Livestock and Animal Health, Ministry of Agriculture of the Republic of Indonesia, Indonesia
| | - Istiyaningsih Istiyaningsih
- National Veterinary Drug Assay Laboratory, Directorate General of Livestock and Animal Health, Ministry of Agriculture of the Republic of Indonesia, Indonesia
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de Oliveira AL, Newman DM, Sato Y, Noel A, Rauk B, Nolan LK, Barbieri NL, Logue CM. Characterization of Avian Pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) Associated With Turkey Cellulitis in Iowa. Front Vet Sci 2020; 7:380. [PMID: 32719816 PMCID: PMC7350418 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.00380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Turkey cellulitis, also known as clostridial dermatitis is a significant cause of morbidity, mortality, and carcass condemnation at slaughter resulting in considerable losses for turkey producers. Here, we assessed the potential role of Avian Pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) in a cellulitis outbreak on a turkey farm in Iowa. Birds from one farm with a history of cellulitis and one farm with no history of disease (for comparison) were followed from the age of 10 weeks (before the outbreak) to 18 weeks (just prior to slaughter). E. coli recovered from the litter, from skin lesions of birds with cellulitis, and from systemic lesions of birds submitted for necropsy, were assessed. A total of 333 isolates were analyzed and screened for virulence-associated genes, antimicrobial resistance genes including heavy metal resistance, adhesins, invasins, and protectins, iron acquisition systems and their phylogenetic group through multiplex PCR. In addition, PCR was used to serogroup the isolates, and pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) was used to analyze a subset of strains from the farm environment (litter) and birds at 17 and 18 weeks of age when the cellulitis infection appeared to peak. Overall, E. coli isolates recovered from cellulitis lesions and systemic infection were identified as APEC, while a lower prevalence of E. coli recovered from the litter met the criteria of APEC-like. Direct comparison of E. coli isolates from the litter, lesions, and systemic strains using PFGE failed to find identical clones across all three sources reflecting the diversity of strains present in the poultry environment causing disease. This study highlights the role of APEC in turkey cellulitis and should not be overlooked as a significant contributor to the disease in turkeys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Luisa de Oliveira
- Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Darby M Newman
- Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Yuko Sato
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Andrew Noel
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Britney Rauk
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Lisa K Nolan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Nicolle L Barbieri
- Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Catherine M Logue
- Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
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Antimicrobial Resistance, Genetic Diversity and Multilocus Sequence Typing of Escherichia coli from Humans, Retail Chicken and Ground Beef in Egypt. Pathogens 2020; 9:pathogens9050357. [PMID: 32397188 PMCID: PMC7281645 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9050357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Contamination of retail foods with foodborne pathogens, particularly the antimicrobial resistant ones, poses a persistent threat to human health. There is a dearth of information about the overlapping Escherichia coli (E. coli) lineages circulating among retail foods and humans in Egypt. This study aimed to determine the clonal diversity of 120 E. coli isolates from diarrheic patients (n = 32), retail chicken carcasses (n = 61) and ground beef (n = 27) from Mansoura, Egypt using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and multilocus sequence typing (MLST). Simpson’s index of diversity was calculated to compare the results of both typing methods. Antimicrobial resistance phenotypes, genotypes and phylogrouping of the isolates were also determined. Higher frequencies of antimicrobial resistance were found among chicken isolates compared to beef and human isolates; regardless of isolate source, the predominant antimicrobial resistances were found against ampicillin (87/120, 72.5%), tetracycline and sulfisoxazole (82/120, 68.3%, each), and streptomycin (79/120, 65.8%). None of the isolates displayed resistance to meropenem. The prevalent genes detected were tetA (64.2%), blaTEM (62.5%), sul1 (56.7%), floR (53.3%), sul2 (50%), strB (48.3%) and strA (47.5%) corresponding with resistance phenotypes. Alarmingly, blaCTX was detected in 63.9% (39/61) of chicken isolates. The majority of E. coli isolates from humans (90.6%), beef (81.5%) and chicken (70.5%) belonged to commensal phylogroups (A, B1, C). Using PFGE analysis, 16 out of 24 clusters (66.7%) contained isolates from different sources at a similarity level ≥75%. MLST results assigned E. coli isolates into 25, 19 and 13 sequence types (STs) from chicken, human and beef isolates, respectively. Six shared STs were identified including ST1011, ST156, ST48, ST224 (chicken and beef), ST10 (human and chicken) and ST226 (human and beef). Simpson’s index of diversity was higher for MLST (0.98) than PFGE (0.94). In conclusion, the existence of common genetic determinants among isolates from retail foods and humans in Egypt as well as the circulation of shared STs indicates a possible epidemiological link with potential zoonotic hazards.
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Kimera ZI, Mshana SE, Rweyemamu MM, Mboera LEG, Matee MIN. Antimicrobial use and resistance in food-producing animals and the environment: an African perspective. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control 2020; 9:37. [PMID: 32122406 PMCID: PMC7053060 DOI: 10.1186/s13756-020-0697-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The overuse of antimicrobials in food animals and the subsequent contamination of the environment have been associated with development and spread of antimicrobial resistance. This review presents information on antimicrobial use, resistance and status of surveillance systems in food animals and the environment in Africa. METHODS Information was searched through PubMed, Google Scholar, Web of Science, and African Journal Online databases. Full-length original research and review articles on antimicrobial use, prevalence of AMR from Africa covering a period from 2005 to 2018 were examined. The articles were scrutinized to extract information on the antimicrobial use, resistance and surveillance systems. RESULTS A total of 200 articles were recovered. Of these, 176 studies were included in the review while 24 articles were excluded because they were not relevant to antimicrobial use and/or resistance in food animals and the environment. The percentage of farms using antimicrobials in animal production ranged from 77.6% in Nigeria to 100% in Tanzania, Cameroon, Zambia, Ghana and Egypt. The most antibiotics used were tetracycline, aminoglycoside and penicillin groups. The percentage of multi drug resistant isolates ranged from 20% in Nigeria to 100% in South Africa, Zimbabwe and Tunisia. In the environment, percentage of multi drug resistant isolates ranged from 33.3% in South Africa to 100% in Algeria. None of the countries documented national antimicrobial use and resistance surveillance system in animals. CONCLUSION There is high level of antimicrobial use, especially tetracycline, aminoglycoside and penicillin in animal production systems in Africa. This is likely to escalate the already high prevalence of antimicrobial resistance and multi drug resistance in the continent. This, coupled with weak antimicrobial resistance surveillance systems in the region is a great concern to the animals, environment and humans as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuhura I Kimera
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.
- Ministry of Livestock and Fisheries, Dodoma, Tanzania.
| | - Stephen E Mshana
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences, Mwanza, Tanzania
| | - Mark M Rweyemamu
- SACIDS Foundation for One Health, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Chuo Kikuu Morogoro, Tanzania
| | - Leonard E G Mboera
- SACIDS Foundation for One Health, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Chuo Kikuu Morogoro, Tanzania
| | - Mecky I N Matee
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
- SACIDS Foundation for One Health, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Chuo Kikuu Morogoro, Tanzania
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Awawdeh L, Turni C, Henning J, Allavena R, Cobbold R, Mollinger J, Gibson J. An Optimized Protocol for Molecular Screening of Avian Pathogenic Escherichia Coli From Broiler Chickens in South East Queensland, Australia. J APPL POULTRY RES 2019. [DOI: 10.3382/japr/pfz078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
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Tawakol MM, Nabil NM, Samy A. Evaluation of bacteriophage efficacy in reducing the impact of single and mixed infections with Escherichia coli and infectious bronchitis in chickens. Infect Ecol Epidemiol 2019; 9:1686822. [PMID: 31839902 PMCID: PMC6896464 DOI: 10.1080/20008686.2019.1686822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) represents a major threat to poultry production worldwide particularly when complicated with bacterial infection. In the present study samples were collected from forty broiler farms with respiratory manifestations to characterize IBV and E. coli. Bacteriophages were isolated and enriched from sampled farms to study its efficacy to control single and mixed infections with E. coli and IBV in vivo. Twelve out of forty farms were positive for IBV. Phylogenetic analysis of partial spike protein revealed that all positive cases clustered within the GI-23 genotype. Eight out of forty farms were positive for E. coli serogroups O26, O78, O86, O114, O119, with O125 found on three farms. Bacteriophage treatment delayed the onset and reduced the severity of clinical signs, and prevented the mortality associated with single and mixed infection with IBV and E. coli. Furthermore, in mixed infections, bacteriophage treatment significantly reduced E. coli as well as IBV shedding. Groups treated with bacteriophages showed a significant reduction of E. coli shedding that gradually decreased over time, in contrast to higher and gradually increasing shedding without bacteriophage treatment. In conclusion, bacteriophage treatment significantly reduced the pathogenicity and shedding of IBVand E. coli in mixed infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maram M. Tawakol
- Reference Laboratory for Veterinary Quality Control on Poultry Production, Animal Health Research Institute, Giza, Egypt
| | - Nehal M. Nabil
- Reference Laboratory for Veterinary Quality Control on Poultry Production, Animal Health Research Institute, Giza, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Samy
- Reference Laboratory for Veterinary Quality Control on Poultry Production, Animal Health Research Institute, Giza, Egypt
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Microarray-based detection of resistance and virulence factors in commensal Escherichia coli from livestock and farmers in Egypt. Vet Microbiol 2019; 240:108539. [PMID: 31902492 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2019.108539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The objective of our study was to provide a molecular analysis using DNA-microarray based assays of commensal E. coli populations from apparently healthy livestock and their attendants to assess the virulence potential as well as multidrug resistance (MDR) genotypes. We randomly collected 132 fecal samples from seemingly healthy smallholder´s food producing animals [buffalo (n = 32) and cattle (n = 50)] as well as from contacting farmers (n = 50). Bacterial isolation and identification were performed using standard protocols, while E. coli isolates were characterized using a DNA microarray system targeting 60 different virulence and 47 antibiotic resistance genes of clinical importance and allowing assignment to most common H and O types. From the fecal samples examined, 47 E. coli isolates were obtained. The array predicted serotypes for 14 out of the 47 E. coli isolates. Six E. coli isolates were identified as STEC since Shiga toxin genes were detected. In summary, 36 different virulence genes were identified; of which, hemL, lpfA and iss were most prevalent. Thirty-four E. coli isolates were found to carry at least one antimicrobial resistance gene. Of these, 20 did exhibit genes allowing strain classification as MDR. More than half of the isolates contained antimicrobial resistance genes associated with beta lactam resistance 27/47 (57.5 %). The 13 remaining isolates did not contain any resistance gene tested with the array. Our study demonstrated the presence of antimicrobial resistance genes and virulence genotypes among commensal E. coli of human and animal sources.
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da Rosa G, Alba DF, Silva AD, Gris A, Mendes RE, Mostardeiro VB, Lopes TF, Schetinger MRC, Stefani LM, Lopes MT, Boiago MM, da Silva AS. Impact of Escherichia coli infection in broiler breeder chicks: The effect of oxidative stress on weight gain. Microb Pathog 2019; 139:103861. [PMID: 31715322 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2019.103861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2019] [Revised: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine whether oxidative stress occurs in Escherichia coli-infected broiler breeder chicks, as well as the impact of this infection on bird growth. Twenty birds, 25-day-old female birds were divided into two groups (n = 10 per group): an intraperitoneally-infected group (1 mL containing 1.5 × 108 CFU of E. coli) and a control group that received 1 mL of culture medium (uninfected birds). Birds were weighed individually at the beginning and at the end of the experiment, and samples were collected on days 0, 5 and 10 post-infection (PI). No clinical signs were observed throughout the experimental period; nevertheless, on day 10 PI, there was lower growth and weight gain in infected birds than in the control group. The infected birds showed pericarditis and liver congestion, as well as moderate periportal inflammatory infiltrates with predominance of neutrophils. Significantly higher numbers of total leukocytes, lymphocytes, heterophils and monocytes were observed in the infected group on days 5 and 10 PI, as well as significantly higher total protein and globulin levels; albumin values significantly decreased over the same period. Levels of serum oxidative biomarkers (lipid peroxidation (TBARS) and free radicals (ROS)) were significantly higher at 10 PI, as was glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity during the same period. Hepatic ROS and protein thiol levels were significantly higher in E. coli-infected birds, as well as activities of the antioxidant enzymes catalase, superoxide dismutase. In the spleen, only GST activity was significantly higher for the infected group, unlike the brain, where SOD activity, ROS and non-protein thiol levels were significantly higher in infected birds than in the control group. These data suggested that colibacillosis causes oxidative stress in broiler breeder chicks, negatively affecting their weight gain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilneia da Rosa
- Graduate Program of Animal Science, Universidade Do Estado de Santa Catarina (UDESC), Chapecó, SC, Brazil
| | - Davi Fernando Alba
- Graduate Program of Animal Science, Universidade Do Estado de Santa Catarina (UDESC), Chapecó, SC, Brazil
| | - Anielen D Silva
- Graduate Program of Toxicological Biochemistry, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Anderson Gris
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Instituto Federal Catarinense (IFC), Concórdia, SC, Brazil
| | - Ricardo E Mendes
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Instituto Federal Catarinense (IFC), Concórdia, SC, Brazil
| | - Vitor B Mostardeiro
- Graduate Program of Toxicological Biochemistry, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Thalison F Lopes
- Graduate Program of Toxicological Biochemistry, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Maria Rosa C Schetinger
- Graduate Program of Toxicological Biochemistry, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Lenita M Stefani
- Graduate Program of Animal Science, Universidade Do Estado de Santa Catarina (UDESC), Chapecó, SC, Brazil
| | | | - Marcel Manente Boiago
- Graduate Program of Animal Science, Universidade Do Estado de Santa Catarina (UDESC), Chapecó, SC, Brazil
| | - Aleksandro S da Silva
- Graduate Program of Animal Science, Universidade Do Estado de Santa Catarina (UDESC), Chapecó, SC, Brazil; Graduate Program of Toxicological Biochemistry, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
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Amer MM, Mekky HM, Amer AM, Fedawy HS. Antimicrobial resistance genes in pathogenic Escherichia coli isolated from diseased broiler chickens in Egypt and their relationship with the phenotypic resistance characteristics. Vet World 2018; 11:1082-1088. [PMID: 30250367 PMCID: PMC6141278 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2018.1082-1088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between phenotypic resistance and genotypic resistance of isolated serotyped pathogenic Escherichia coli isolates from the clinically diseased broiler. Materials and Methods: A total of 160 samples (heart, liver, kidney, and lung) were collected from 18 to 34 days old clinically diseased broiler from 40 broiler farms (3-5 birds/farm) reared in Giza and Kaluobaia Governorates for the isolation of pathogenic E. coli. Various E. coli isolates were tested for the pathogenicity based on Congo red (CR) dye binding assay. The obtained CR-positive E. coli isolates were subjected to serological identification using slide agglutination test. Disc diffusion test was used to study the sensitivity pattern of E. coli isolates to available 12 antibiotics. Polymerase chain reaction was performed for the detection of antimicrobial resistance genes in the studied pathogenic E. coli isolates. Results: The results revealed that 56 samples (35 %) were positive for E. coli. The results of the CR assay indicates that 20 isolates of 56 (35.7%) were positive and 36 isolates (64.3%) were negative. Identified E. coli serotypes of CR-positive isolates were 1 (O24), 2 (O44), 2 (O55), 5 (O78), 2 (O86), 1 (124), 3 (O127), 1 (O158), and 3 untyped. Resistance rate in disc diffusion test was 85% to oxytetracycline and kanamycin; 80% to ampicillin (AMP), clindamycin, and streptomycin (S); 75% to enrofloxacin; 65% to chloramphenicol; 55% to cefotaxime and gentamicin (CN); 45% to trimethoprim+sulfamethoxazole; 35% to erythromycin (ERI); and 30% to oxacillin. All strains are multidrug-resistant (MDR). Antibacterial resistance genes CITM, ere, aac (3)-(IV), tet(A), tet(B), dfr(A1), and aad(A1) were detected in 14 (70%), 12 (60%), 12 (60%), 8 (40%), 11 (55%), 8 (40%), and 9 (45%) of tested 20 isolates, respectively. Multidrug resistance was detected in the form of resistance to 42%-83.3% of tested 12 antibiotics. Three isolates (15%) of 20 tested isolates showed a relationship between phenotype and genotype and 17 (85%) showed irregular relation. Strains are sensitive and show resistant gene (P-G+) presented in three isolates for AMP (beta-lactam), one for ERI (Macrolide), as well as five isolates for trimethoprim (pyrimidine inhibitor). E. coli isolates had resistance and lacked gene (P+ G-) reported meanly in one isolate for CN (aminoglycoside), two isolates for tetracycline, four isolates for ERI, seven isolates for trimethoprim, and eight isolates for S (aminoglycoside). Conclusion: The study demonstrates that E. coli is still a major pathogen responsible for disease conditions in broiler. E. coli isolates are pathogenic and MDR. Responsible gene was detected for six antibiotics in most of the isolates, but some do not show gene expression, this may be due to few numbers of resistance genes tested or other resistance factors not included in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed M Amer
- Department of Poultry Diseases, Faculty Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, P.O. 12211, Giza, Egypt
| | - Hoda M Mekky
- Department of Poultry Diseases, Veterinary Research Division, National Research Centre, P.O. 12622, Giza, Egypt
| | - Aziza M Amer
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, P.O. 12211, Giza, Egypt
| | - Hanaa S Fedawy
- Department of Poultry Diseases, Veterinary Research Division, National Research Centre, P.O. 12622, Giza, Egypt
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Ding HF, Liu BG, Gao YL, Zhong XH, Duan SS, Yuan L. Divergence of affinities, serotypes and virulence factor between CTX-M Escherichia coli and non-CTX-M producers. Poult Sci 2018; 97:980-985. [PMID: 29272527 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pex376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was undertaken to discern the differences of the multi-locus sequence typing (MLST), O serogroups, and virulence factors among 34 CTX-M-1 Escherichia coli, 49 CTX-M-9 strains and 23 non-CTX-M isolates from chickens in Henan province, China. The MLST scheme yielded 34 sequence types, in which ST155 and ST359 were frequent (17% and 15%, respectively) and associated with zoonotic disease. The irp-2 (20% versus 2%, P = 0.0001), traT (85.3% versus 56.5%, P = 0.019), and sfaS (70.6% versus 0, P = 0.021) were significantly more prevalent in CTX-M-1 E. coli than in non-CTX-M producers. Also, CTX-M-9 isolates carried more irp-2 (17% versus 2%, P = 0.023), iroN (71.4% versus 39.1%, P = 0.019), and iss (79.6% versus 39.1%, P = 0.002) genes. In conclusion, although the 106 isolates encompassed a great genetic diversity, the CTX-M isolates harbored more virulence factor genes than non-CTX-M producers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Feng Ding
- Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Bao-Guang Liu
- Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Yan-Ling Gao
- Animal Husbandry Bureau of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, 450008, China
| | | | - Sha-Sha Duan
- Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Li Yuan
- Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
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Mohamed L, Ge Z, Yuehua L, Yubin G, Rachid K, Mustapha O, Junwei W, Karine O. Virulence traits of avian pathogenic (APEC) and fecal (AFEC) E. coli isolated from broiler chickens in Algeria. Trop Anim Health Prod 2017; 50:547-553. [PMID: 29164427 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-017-1467-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Avian pathogenic E. coli (APEC) is the etiologic agent of avian colibacillosis, the most common disease responsible for chicken morbidity in the world. Although multiple virulence-associated factors were identified, their prevalence in Algeria is still poorly known. In the present research, 92 avian pathogenic E. coli (APEC) isolates were recovered from broilers with clinical signs and lesions of colibacillosis. In addition, 32 E. coli isolates collected from feces of healthy birds (AFEC) were included for comparison. All isolates were investigated by PCR for the presence of a total of 11 virulence-associated genes described for avian pathogenic (iroN, ompT, hlyF, iss, iutA, and fimC) and diarrheagenic E. coli (eae, stx, elt/est, ipaH, and aggR). The sensitivity of 39 APEC isolates to 16 antibiotics was also determined using antimicrobial pretreated microplates. Here, we report that 98% of the examined isolates host at least one of the tested virulence factors. The most prevalent genes in APEC were iutA (90.6%), ompT (86.9%), and iss (85.8%); whereas, iutA (78.1%), fimC (78.1%), and iroN (68.7%) were the highest prevalent genes in AFEC. Our data showed that none of the AFEC isolates harbor any of the tested diarrheagenic genes. Moreover, only elt/est (5.4%), stx (2.1%), and ipaH (2.1%) genes were carried by APEC isolates. We further established that ceftazodime, ceftiofur, mequindox, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, and meropenem were the most efficient antibiotics against the analyzed APEC isolates. Overall, our findings provide more insights about APEC and AFEC virulence potential in Algeria which could participate in the fight against colibacillosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lounis Mohamed
- Faculté des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie, Université Ziane Achour, BP 3117, Route de Moudjbara, 17000, Djelfa, Algeria
- Laboratoire des Biotechnologies Liées à la Reproduction Animale, Institut des Sciences Vétérinaires, Université Saad Dahleb, Route de Soumaa, BP 270, 09000, Blida, Algeria
| | - Zhao Ge
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Animal Products, China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, 266032, China
| | - Li Yuehua
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Animal Products, China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, 266032, China
| | - Gao Yubin
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Animal Products, China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, 266032, China
| | - Kaidi Rachid
- Laboratoire des Biotechnologies Liées à la Reproduction Animale, Institut des Sciences Vétérinaires, Université Saad Dahleb, Route de Soumaa, BP 270, 09000, Blida, Algeria
| | - Oumouna Mustapha
- Faculté des Sciences, Université Yahia Fares, 26000, Médéa, Algeria
| | - Wang Junwei
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Animal Products, China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, 266032, China.
| | - Oumouna Karine
- Faculté des Sciences, Université Yahia Fares, 26000, Médéa, Algeria.
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Construction of a Recombinant OmpC Dominant Epitope-Based Vaccine Against Escherichia coli and Evaluation of Its Immunogenicity and Protective Immunity. Jundishapur J Microbiol 2017. [DOI: 10.5812/jjm.55652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Wijesurendra DS, Chamings AN, Bushell RN, Rourke DO, Stevenson M, Marenda MS, Noormohammadi AH, Stent A. Pathological and microbiological investigations into cases of bacterial chondronecrosis and osteomyelitis in broiler poultry. Avian Pathol 2017; 46:683-694. [DOI: 10.1080/03079457.2017.1349872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dinidu S. Wijesurendra
- Asia-Pacific Centre for Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Werribee, Australia
| | | | - Rhys Nathan Bushell
- Asia-Pacific Centre for Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Werribee, Australia
| | - Denise O’ Rourke
- Asia-Pacific Centre for Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Werribee, Australia
| | - Mark Stevenson
- Asia-Pacific Centre for Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Marc Serge Marenda
- Asia-Pacific Centre for Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Werribee, Australia
| | - Amir H. Noormohammadi
- Asia-Pacific Centre for Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Werribee, Australia
| | - Andrew Stent
- Asia-Pacific Centre for Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Werribee, Australia
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Helmy YA, El-Adawy H, Abdelwhab EM. A Comprehensive Review of Common Bacterial, Parasitic and Viral Zoonoses at the Human-Animal Interface in Egypt. Pathogens 2017; 6:pathogens6030033. [PMID: 28754024 PMCID: PMC5617990 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens6030033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Revised: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Egypt has a unique geographical location connecting the three old-world continents Africa, Asia and Europe. It is the country with the highest population density in the Middle East, Northern Africa and the Mediterranean basin. This review summarizes the prevalence, reservoirs, sources of human infection and control regimes of common bacterial, parasitic and viral zoonoses in animals and humans in Egypt. There is a gap of knowledge conerning the epidemiology of zoonotic diseases at the human-animal interface in different localities in Egypt. Some zoonotic agents are “exotic” for Egypt (e.g., MERS-CoV and Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus), others are endemic (e.g., Brucellosis, Schistosomiasis and Avian influenza). Transboundary transmission of emerging pathogens from and to Egypt occurred via different routes, mainly importation/exportation of apparently healthy animals or migratory birds. Control of the infectious agents and multidrug resistant bacteria in the veterinary sector is on the frontline for infection control in humans. The implementation of control programs significantly decreased the prevalence of some zoonoses, such as schistosomiasis and fascioliasis, in some localities within the country. Sustainable awareness, education and training targeting groups at high risk (veterinarians, farmers, abattoir workers, nurses, etc.) are important to lessen the burden of zoonotic diseases among Egyptians. There is an urgent need for collaborative surveillance and intervention plans for the control of these diseases in Egypt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosra A Helmy
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691, USA.
- Department of Animal Hygiene, Zoonoses and Animal Ethology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, 41511 Ismailia, Egypt.
| | - Hosny El-Adawy
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses, Naumburger Str. 96a, 07743 Jena, Germany.
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, 335516 Kafrelsheikh, Egypt.
| | - Elsayed M Abdelwhab
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Institute of Molecular Virology and Cell Biology, Suedufer 10, 17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany.
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Lima Barbieri N, Nielsen DW, Wannemuehler Y, Cavender T, Hussein A, Yan SG, Nolan LK, Logue CM. mcr-1 identified in Avian Pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC). PLoS One 2017; 12:e0172997. [PMID: 28264015 PMCID: PMC5338808 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0172997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance associated with colistin has emerged as a significant concern worldwide threatening the use of one of the most important antimicrobials for treating human disease. Here, we examined a collection (n = 980) of Avian Pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) isolated from poultry with colibacillosis from the US and internationally for the presence of mcr-1 and mcr-2, genes known to encode colistin resistance. Included in the analysis was an additional set of avian fecal E. coli (AFEC) (n = 220) isolates from healthy birds for comparative analysis. The mcr-1 gene was detected in a total of 12 isolates recovered from diseased production birds from China and Egypt. No mcr genes were detected in the healthy fecal isolates. The full mcr-1 gene from positive isolates was sequenced using specifically designed primers and were compared with sequences currently described in NCBI. mcr-1 positive isolates were also assessed for phenotypic colistin resistance and extended spectrum beta lactam phenotypes and genotypes. This study has identified mcr-1 in APEC isolates dating back to at least 2010 and suggests that animal husbandry practices could result in a potential source of resistance to the human food chain in countries where application of colistin in animal health is practiced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolle Lima Barbieri
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, 1802 University Blvd; VMRI #5 Ames, IA, United States of America
| | - Daniel W. Nielsen
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, 1802 University Blvd; VMRI #5 Ames, IA, United States of America
| | - Yvonne Wannemuehler
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, 1802 University Blvd; VMRI #5 Ames, IA, United States of America
| | - Tia Cavender
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, 1802 University Blvd; VMRI #5 Ames, IA, United States of America
| | - Ashraf Hussein
- Department of Avian and Rabbit Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Shi-gan Yan
- School of Bioengineering, Qilu University of Technology, Changqing District, Jinan, Shandong Province, P. R. China
| | - Lisa K. Nolan
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, 1802 University Blvd; VMRI #5 Ames, IA, United States of America
| | - Catherine M. Logue
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, 1802 University Blvd; VMRI #5 Ames, IA, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Logue CM, Wannemuehler Y, Nicholson BA, Doetkott C, Barbieri NL, Nolan LK. Comparative Analysis of Phylogenetic Assignment of Human and Avian ExPEC and Fecal Commensal Escherichia coli Using the (Previous and Revised) Clermont Phylogenetic Typing Methods and its Impact on Avian Pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) Classification. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:283. [PMID: 28280491 PMCID: PMC5322314 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.00283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 02/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The Clermont scheme has been used for subtyping of Escherichia coli since it was initially described in early 2000. Since then, researchers have used the scheme to type and sub-type commensal E. coli and pathogenic E. coli, such as extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli (ExPEC), and compare their phylogenetic assignment by pathogenicity, serogroup, distribution among ExPEC of different host species and complement of virulence and resistance traits. Here, we compare assignments of human and avian ExPEC and commensal E. coli using the old and revised Clermont schemes to determine if the new scheme provides a refined snapshot of isolate classification. 1,996 E. coli from human hosts and poultry, including 84 human neonatal meningitis E. coli isolates, 88 human vaginal E. coli, 696 human uropathogenic E. coli, 197 healthy human fecal E. coli, 452 avian pathogenic E. coli (APEC), 200 retail poultry E. coli, 80 crop and gizzard E. coli from healthy poultry at slaughter and 199 fecal E. coli from healthy birds at slaughter. All isolates were subject to phylogenetic analysis using the Clermont et al. (2000, 2013) schemes and compared to determine the effect of the new classification on strain designation. Most of the isolates’ strain designation remained where they were originally assigned. Greatest designation change occurred in APEC where 53.8% of isolates were reclassified; while classification rates among human strains ranged from 8 to 14%. However, some significant changes were observed for UPEC associated strains with significant (P < 0.05) designation changes observed from A to C and D to E or F phylogenetic types; a similar designation change was noted among NMEC for D to F designation change. Among the APEC significant designation changes were observed from A to C and D to E and F. These studies suggest that the new scheme provides a tighter and more meaningful definition of some ExPEC; while the new typing scheme has a significant impact on APEC classification. A comparison of phylogenetic group assignment by content of virulence, resistance, replicon and pathogenicity island genes in APEC suggests that insertion of pathogenicity islands into the genome appears to correlate closely with revised phylogenetic assignment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine M Logue
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames IA, USA
| | - Yvonne Wannemuehler
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames IA, USA
| | - Bryon A Nicholson
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames IA, USA
| | - Curt Doetkott
- Department of Statistics, North Dakota State University, Fargo ND, USA
| | - Nicolle L Barbieri
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames IA, USA
| | - Lisa K Nolan
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames IA, USA
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Mohsenifard E, Asasi K, Sharifiyazdi H, Basaki M. Phylotyping and ColV plasmid-associated virulence genotyping of E. coli isolated from broiler chickens with colibacillosis in Iran. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s00580-016-2303-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Braga JFV, Chanteloup NK, Trotereau A, Baucheron S, Guabiraba R, Ecco R, Schouler C. Diversity of Escherichia coli strains involved in vertebral osteomyelitis and arthritis in broilers in Brazil. BMC Vet Res 2016; 12:140. [PMID: 27417195 PMCID: PMC5477814 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-016-0762-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2016] [Accepted: 06/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Locomotor disorders and infections by Escherichia coli represent major concerns to the poultry industry worldwide. Avian pathogenic E. coli (APEC) is associated with extraintestinal infections leading to respiratory or systemic disease known as colibacillosis. The most common lesions seen in cases of colibacillosis are perihepatitis, airsacculitis, pericarditis, peritonitis/salpingitis and arthritis. These diseases are responsible for significant economic losses in the poultry industry worldwide. E. coli has been recently isolated from vertebral osteomyelitis cases in Brazil and there are no data on molecular and phenotypic characteristics of E. coli strains isolated from lesions in the locomotor system of broilers. This raised the question whether specific E. coli strains could be responsible for bone lesions in broilers. The aim of this study was to assess these characteristics of E. coli strains isolated from broilers presenting vertebral osteomyelitis and arthritis in Brazil. RESULTS Fifteen E. coli strains from bone lesions were submitted to APEC diagnosis and setting of ECOR phylogenic group, O serogroup, flagella type, virulence genes content, genetic patterns by Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis (PFGE) and Multilocus Sequence Typing (MLST). In addition, bacterial isolates were further characterized through a lethality test, serum resistance test and antibiotic resistance profile. E. coli strains harbored different genetic pattern as assessed by PFGE, regardless of flock origin and lesion site. The strains belonged to seven sequence types (STs) previously described (ST117, ST101, ST131, ST 371 and ST3107) or newly described in this study (ST5766 and ST5856). ECOR group D (66.7 %) was the most frequently detected. The strains belonged to diverse serogroups (O88, O25, O12, and O45), some of worldwide importance. The antibiotic resistance profile confirmed strains' diversity and revealed a high proportion of multidrug-resistant strains (73 %), mainly to quinolones and beta-lactams, including third generation cephalosporin. The percentage of resistance to tetracycline was moderate (33 %) but always associated with multidrug resistance. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrated that vertebral osteomyelitis and arthritis in broilers can be associated with highly diverse E. coli based on molecular and phenotypic characteristics. There was no specific virulence patterns of the E. coli strains associated with vertebral osteomyelitis or arthritis. Also, E. coli strains were frequently multidrug resistant and belonged to STs commonly shared by APEC and human ExPEC strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Fortes Vilarinho Braga
- Departamento de Clínica e Cirurgia Veterinárias, Escola de Veterinárias, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Campus Pampulha, 30161-970 Minas Gerais, Brazil
- ISP, INRA, Université François Rabelais de Tours, 37380 Nouzilly, France
| | | | - Angélina Trotereau
- ISP, INRA, Université François Rabelais de Tours, 37380 Nouzilly, France
| | - Sylvie Baucheron
- ISP, INRA, Université François Rabelais de Tours, 37380 Nouzilly, France
| | - Rodrigo Guabiraba
- ISP, INRA, Université François Rabelais de Tours, 37380 Nouzilly, France
| | - Roselene Ecco
- Departamento de Clínica e Cirurgia Veterinárias, Escola de Veterinárias, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Campus Pampulha, 30161-970 Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Catherine Schouler
- ISP, INRA, Université François Rabelais de Tours, 37380 Nouzilly, France
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I. Eid H, M. Algamma A, A. Nasef S, Elfeil WK, H. Mansour G. Genetic Variation among Avian Pathogenic E. coli Strains Isolated from Broiler Chickens. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.3923/ajava.2016.350.356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Emergence of Plasmid-Mediated Colistin Resistance Gene mcr-1 in a Clinical Escherichia coli Isolate from Egypt. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2016; 60:3249-50. [PMID: 26953204 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00269-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Hasan B, Laurell K, Rakib MM, Ahlstedt E, Hernandez J, Caceres M, Järhult JD. Fecal Carriage of Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamases in Healthy Humans, Poultry, and Wild Birds in León, Nicaragua-A Shared Pool of bla CTX-M Genes and Possible Interspecies Clonal Spread of Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamases-Producing Escherichia coli. Microb Drug Resist 2016; 22:682-687. [PMID: 27007258 DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2015.0323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic-resistant bacteria are a major concern in the healthcare of today, especially the increasing number of gram-negative bacteria producing β-lactamases such as extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs). However, little is known about the relationship of ESBL producers in humans and domestic and wild birds, especially in a low-income setting. Therefore, we studied the fecal carriage of ESBL-producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae in healthy humans, poultry, and wild birds in the vicinity of León, Nicaragua. Three hundred fecal samples were collected during December 2012 from humans (n = 100), poultry (n = 100) and wild birds (n = 100). The samples were examined for ESBL-producing E. coli and K. pneumoniae, revealing the prevalence of 27% in humans, 13% in poultry, and 8% in wild birds. Further characterization of the ESBL-producing isolates was performed through polymerase chain reaction (PCR) (NDM, CTX-M), epidemiological typing (ERIC2-PCR), multilocus sequence typing, and sequencing. ESBL producers harbored blaCTX-M-2, blaCTX-M-15, blaCTX-M-22, and blaCTX-M-3 genotypes. The blaCTX-M-15 constituted the absolute majority of ESBL genes among all samples. ERIC-PCR demonstrated highly related E. coli clones among humans, poultry, and wild birds. Clinically relevant E. coli clone ST648 was found in humans and poultry. There is a shared pool of blaCTX-M genes between humans and domesticated and wild birds in Nicaragua, and the results suggest shared clones of ESBL-producing E. coli. The study adds to the notion that wild birds and poultry can pick up antibiotic-resistant bacteria of human origin and function as a melting pot of resistance. Structured surveillance programs of antimicrobial resistance and a more regulated prescription of antibiotics are warranted in Nicaragua.
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Affiliation(s)
- Badrul Hasan
- 1 Section for Infectious Diseases, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University , Uppsala, Sweden .,2 Zoonosis Science Center, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University , Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Karl Laurell
- 1 Section for Infectious Diseases, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University , Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mufti Mahmud Rakib
- 1 Section for Infectious Diseases, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University , Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Erik Ahlstedt
- 1 Section for Infectious Diseases, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University , Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jorge Hernandez
- 1 Section for Infectious Diseases, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University , Uppsala, Sweden .,3 School of Natural Sciences, Linnaeus University , Kalmar, Sweden .,4 Kalmar County Hospital , Clinic of Microbiology, Kalmar, Sweden
| | - Mercedes Caceres
- 5 Department of Microbiology, Medical Science Faculty, National Autonomous University of León (UNAN-León) , León, Nicaragua
| | - Josef D Järhult
- 1 Section for Infectious Diseases, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University , Uppsala, Sweden .,2 Zoonosis Science Center, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University , Uppsala, Sweden
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Askari Badouei M, Joseph Blackall P, Koochakzadeh A, Haghbin Nazarpak H, Sepehri MA. Prevalence and clonal distribution of avian Escherichia coli isolates harboring increased serum survival (iss) gene. J APPL POULTRY RES 2016. [DOI: 10.3382/japr/pfv064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Pasquali F, Lucchi A, Braggio S, Giovanardi D, Franchini A, Stonfer M, Manfreda G. Genetic diversity of Escherichia coli isolates of animal and environmental origins from an integrated poultry production chain. Vet Microbiol 2015; 178:230-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2015.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2015] [Revised: 05/08/2015] [Accepted: 05/11/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Prevalence of ColV Plasmid-Linked Genes andIn VivoPathogenicity of Avian Strains ofEscherichia coli. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2015; 12:679-85. [DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2014.1934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Qabajah M, Awwad E, Ashhab Y. Molecular characterisation ofEscherichia colifrom dead broiler chickens with signs of colibacillosis and ready-to-market chicken meat in the West Bank. Br Poult Sci 2014; 55:442-51. [DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2014.935998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Maluta RP, Logue CM, Casas MRT, Meng T, Guastalli EAL, Rojas TCG, Montelli AC, Sadatsune T, de Carvalho Ramos M, Nolan LK, da Silveira WD. Overlapped sequence types (STs) and serogroups of avian pathogenic (APEC) and human extra-intestinal pathogenic (ExPEC) Escherichia coli isolated in Brazil. PLoS One 2014; 9:e105016. [PMID: 25115913 PMCID: PMC4130637 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0105016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2014] [Accepted: 07/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) strains belong to a category that is associated with colibacillosis, a serious illness in the poultry industry worldwide. Additionally, some APEC groups have recently been described as potential zoonotic agents. In this work, we compared APEC strains with extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli (ExPEC) strains isolated from clinical cases of humans with extra-intestinal diseases such as urinary tract infections (UTI) and bacteremia. PCR results showed that genes usually found in the ColV plasmid (tsh, iucA, iss, and hlyF) were associated with APEC strains while fyuA, irp-2, fepC sitDchrom, fimH, crl, csgA, afa, iha, sat, hlyA, hra, cnf1, kpsMTII, clpVSakai and malX were associated with human ExPEC. Both categories shared nine serogroups (O2, O6, O7, O8, O11, O19, O25, O73 and O153) and seven sequence types (ST10, ST88, ST93, ST117, ST131, ST155, ST359, ST648 and ST1011). Interestingly, ST95, which is associated with the zoonotic potential of APEC and is spread in avian E. coli of North America and Europe, was not detected among 76 APEC strains. When the strains were clustered based on the presence of virulence genes, most ExPEC strains (71.7%) were contained in one cluster while most APEC strains (63.2%) segregated to another. In general, the strains showed distinct genetic and fingerprint patterns, but avian and human strains of ST359, or ST23 clonal complex (CC), presented more than 70% of similarity by PFGE. The results demonstrate that some "zoonotic-related" STs (ST117, ST131, ST10CC, ST23CC) are present in Brazil. Also, the presence of moderate fingerprint similarities between ST359 E. coli of avian and human origin indicates that strains of this ST are candidates for having zoonotic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renato Pariz Maluta
- Bacterial Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Genetics, Evolution and Bioagents, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Catherine Mary Logue
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, United States of America
| | | | - Ting Meng
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, United States of America
| | | | - Thaís Cabrera Galvão Rojas
- Bacterial Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Genetics, Evolution and Bioagents, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Augusto Cezar Montelli
- Departamento de Clínica Médica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Teruê Sadatsune
- Departamento de Microbiologia e Imunologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Lisa Kay Nolan
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Wanderley Dias da Silveira
- Bacterial Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Genetics, Evolution and Bioagents, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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