1
|
Babaeimarzangou SS, Molouki A, Talebi A, Allymehr M, Allahyari E, Soltani M. Molecular characterization and phylogenetic study of the hemagglutinin-neuraminidase gene of newcastle disease virus isolated from peacock (Pavo cristatus) and Turkey (Meleagris) and its comparison with broiler isolates. Arch Microbiol 2023; 205:253. [PMID: 37254016 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-023-03592-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Newcastle disease has been endemic within the Iranian poultry industry for decades. However, the genetic nature of the circulating Hemagglutinin-Neuraminidase (HN) gene among Iranian domesticated bird populations is broadly unexplored. The presented study was carried out to gain insights into the biological and molecular characterization of four complete HN genes isolated from turkey, peacock, and broiler isolates in Iran between 2018 and 2020. The phylogenetic analysis revealed that the isolates belong to the Newcastle disease virus (NDV) subgenotype VII.1.1, previously known as VIIL. Further analysis demonstrated the thermostable substitutions S315P and I369V within the isolates. Finding the N-glycosylation site (NIS) at positions 144-146 and the cysteine residue 123 might influence the fusogenicity abilities of the isolates, while identification of multiple amino acid substitutions in both antigenic sites, especially I514V and E347Q, and the binding sites of the HN protein, raised concern about the pathogenicity of the isolates. In addition, the annual rate of change based on the HN gene of Iranian NDV was calculated at about 1.8088E-3 between 2011 and 2020. In conclusion, a new NDV variant with multiple site mutagenesis is circulating not only among chickens but also in turkey and captive birds such as peafowls, and failure of routine vaccination programs could be attributed to the differences between circulating NDV strains and those used in vaccine manufacturing. Therefore, future legislation aimed at providing vaster vaccination cover and biosecurity plans will be needed to control the spread of circulating NDV strains.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Sajjad Babaeimarzangou
- Division of Poultry Health and Diseases, Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran.
| | - Aidin Molouki
- Department of Avian Diseases Research and Diagnostics, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran.
| | - Alireza Talebi
- Division of Poultry Health and Diseases, Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | - Manochehr Allymehr
- Division of Poultry Health and Diseases, Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | | | - Mohammad Soltani
- Graduated from Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Predominance of Fourth Panzootic Newcastle Disease Virus Subgenotype VII.1.1 in Iran and Its Relation to the Genotypes Circulating in the Region. Curr Microbiol 2021; 78:3068-3078. [PMID: 34165608 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-021-02572-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Following recent Newcastle disease virus (NDV) outbreaks in Iranian poultry farms which were mostly associated with lesions of the avian gastrointestinal tract, it was speculated that the scale of the outbreaks could be attributed in part to co-circulating infectious agents or a new NDV genotype/subgenotype. This speculation was due to the isolation of a few 5th panzootic subgenotype VII.2 viruses from Iranian poultry farms in 2017. Samples from different species of commercial and domestic birds were collected from different provinces of Iran, 19 of which were selected for the current study. Phylogenetic analyses showed that the recent outbreaks have been caused by only one agent, i.e. the distinctive NDV subgenotype VII.1.1 (previously known VIIl) viruses that seem to be circulating predominantly in Iran, but have also been sporadically reported from Iraq among neighbouring countries. At most, 96.3-96.7% BLAST identity to non-Iranian VII.1.1 isolates was observed. Genetic distance values of <1% were indicative of high similarity between the isolates, but the values were approaximately 2% when the current isolates were compared to the earliest recorded Iranian VII.1.1 viruses isolated in 2010. Using Bayesian analysis, annual mutation rates of 1.7156E-3 (strict) and 1.9902E-3 (relaxed) over 11 years were obtained. In addition, we report that our laboratories have not detected any genotype XIII strains since 2011. Following up on previous reports, we concluded that currently, and except in Columbiforms, subgenotype VII.1.1 may likely be the predominant subgenotype in many bird species in Iran despite the subgenotype VII.2 being predominant in neighbouring countries.
Collapse
|
3
|
Kiani MH, Bozorgmehrifard MH, Hosseini H, Charkhkar S, Ghalyanchilangeroudi A. Hemagglutinin-neuraminidase Sequence and Phylogenetic Analysis of Two Newcastle Disease Virus Isolated from Chickens in Iran. ARCHIVES OF RAZI INSTITUTE 2021; 76:31-39. [PMID: 33818955 DOI: 10.22092/ari.2019.124844.1289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 09/30/2022]
Abstract
Newcastle disease is a highly contagious viral infection affecting many species of birds that can spread fast between poultry houses and cause a heavy economic burden on the poultry industry all around the world. Fusion and hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) protein are important in the pathogenesis of the Newcastle disease virus (NDV). The HN protein is a critical viral protein with multiple functions and plays a key role in the formation of the virulence of NDV. Head of HN protein is responsible for receptor binding, neuraminidase activity. This study aimed to investigate the sequence homology of hemagglutinin-neuraminidase of two NDV isolates sampled from infected farms in Iran. The samples were collected from flocks that had been vaccinated by both types of live and killed vaccines for NDV. After isolation of NDV, the viruses were subjected to the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification using two pairs of specific primers designed for the HN gene to amplify the complete HN gene (1730bp). Afterward, the PCR products were sequenced and analyzed by phylogenetic tree construction software. Based on the analysis, substantial sequence homology among Iranian isolates is within the range of 97.1-100%. Moreover, the sequence homology searching revealed a level of similarity between HN sequences of Iranian isolates and the HN sequences from other countries, particularly Asian ones. For instance, a high homology ratio (95.34%) was found between Iranian isolates and the sequences registered on online molecular databases from China. Based on phylogenetic analysis, the NDV isolates belong to the VIId genotype. Finally, it can be concluded that monitoring the circulation of NDVs among poultry and other birds can help to obtain an insight into the evolution of NDVs and control of panzootic viruses in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M H Kiani
- Department of Poultry and Obstetrics, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - M H Bozorgmehrifard
- Department of Poultry and Obstetrics, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Poultry and Obstetrics, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - H Hosseini
- Department of Clinical Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Alborz, Iran
| | - S Charkhkar
- Department of Poultry and Obstetrics, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - A Ghalyanchilangeroudi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Toroghi R, Salamatian I, Bassami MR, Irankhah N, Emarloo A, Mahouti A, Ghavi S. Implementation of high-level biosecurity measures can reduce the baseline antibody titers of Newcastle disease in non-integrated layer flocks in northeast Iran. WORLD POULTRY SCI J 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/00439339.2020.1823301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R. Toroghi
- Department of Veterinary Research and Biotechnology, Razi Vaccine & Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Mashhad, Iran
- Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, MAAD Professional Poultry Hospital, Mashhad, Iran
| | - I. Salamatian
- Department of Veterinary Research and Biotechnology, Razi Vaccine & Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Mashhad, Iran
- Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, MAAD Professional Poultry Hospital, Mashhad, Iran
| | - M. R. Bassami
- Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, MAAD Professional Poultry Hospital, Mashhad, Iran
- Division of Poultry Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - N. Irankhah
- Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, MAAD Professional Poultry Hospital, Mashhad, Iran
| | - A. Emarloo
- Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, MAAD Professional Poultry Hospital, Mashhad, Iran
| | - A. Mahouti
- Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, MAAD Professional Poultry Hospital, Mashhad, Iran
| | - S. Ghavi
- Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, MAAD Professional Poultry Hospital, Mashhad, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Esmaeelzadeh Dizaji R, Ghalyanchilangeroudi A, Vasfi Marandi M, Hosseini H, Karimi V, Ziafatikafi Z, Molouki A, Fallah Mehrabadi MH. Complete genome sequence of a subgenotype XXI.1.1 pigeon paramyxovirus type 1 virus (PPMV‑1) isolated from Iran in 2018 and phylogenetic analysis of a possible novel, but unassigned, PPMV-1 group isolated in 2014. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2020; 73:101565. [PMID: 33126169 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2020.101565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 10/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Newcastle disease (ND) is one of the most serious infectious and contagious viral diseases in avian species. Recently, several ND outbreaks in pigeon caused by pigeon paramyxovirus serotype-1 (PPMV-1) have been reported from Iran, but unfortunately, phylogenetic studies have been mostly conducted on partial sequence of NDV fusion (F) gene. In addition, a complete genome data of Iranian PPMV-1 strains are not available. In the present study, a PPMV-1, named Avian avulavirus 1/pigeon/Iran/UT-EGV/2018, isolated from an infected pigeon, was subjected to whole-genome sequencing. The isolate showed an MDT of 74 h, thus categorizing it as mesogenic. The phylogenetic analysis based on the F gene sequence revealed the isolate belongs to XXI.1.1 subgenotype (min 0.9 % and max 3 %). To our knowledge, our study is the first study to publish the complete genome of a PPMV-1 from Iran. According to BLAST results, the whole genome of UT-EGV had high homology with some Russian, Egyptian and Ukrainian strains (the highest was 96.55 %). Additionally, we conducted a phylogenetic analysis on five PPMV-1 that we isolated in 2014 to find that they may belong to a completely unreported subgenotype (6 % distance when compared as a group). The information obtained from this study can be useful in preventive measures, including constructing an effective vaccine against PPMV-1 in Iran.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Reza Esmaeelzadeh Dizaji
- Department of Poultry Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arash Ghalyanchilangeroudi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Vasfi Marandi
- Department of Poultry Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Hossein Hosseini
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Islamic Azad University, Karaj Branch, Karaj, Iran
| | - Vahid Karimi
- Department of Poultry Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Ziafatikafi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Aidin Molouki
- Department of Poultry Diseases, RAZI Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Fallah Mehrabadi
- Department of Poultry Diseases, RAZI Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Fallah Mehrabadi MH, Ghafouri SA, Shoushtari A, Tehrani F, Masoudi S, Abdoshah M, Amirhajloo S, Shabani M. Effectiveness of Thermostable Vaccine for Newcastle Disease Produced by the Razi Institute on Backyard Poultry in Iran during 2015. ARCHIVES OF RAZI INSTITUTE 2020; 75:1-7. [PMID: 32291996 DOI: 10.22092/ari.2018.120709.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2018] [Indexed: 09/30/2022]
Abstract
Newcastle disease causes many economic losses to the poultry industry in most countries. This disease is endemic in Iran. Backyard poultry is considered the reservoir of Newcastle virus; however, there is either no vaccination program against Newcastle, or it is performed in a restricted manner. Commercial live vaccines are inactive and sensitive to temperature; moreover, vaccine delivery to villages and remote areas requires special equipment and high cost to maintain the cold chain. This study evaluated the effectiveness of a thermostable Newcastle vaccine produced by the Razi Institute (ND.TR.IR) on the backyard poultry. In four provinces, at least 4 villages were selected as the treatment group, and the same number was selected as the control group. At least, 30 birds were sampled in each village. In each group, blood samples were collected before vaccination and 2 weeks later, and the serum titer of the samples was examined with the haemagglutination inhibition test. The arithmetic mean and standard deviation of the sample titers at the rural level were compared using paired t-test before and after vaccination in each group. Moreover, Repeated Measures ANOVA was utilized to compare the vaccinated and control groups in terms of the titer changes before and after vaccination. In this study, 584 and 389 samples were taken from the treatment (53 households in 20 villages) and control groups (33 households in 14 villages). The mean serum titer values of Newcastle were 4.51&plusmn;3.03 and 6.64&plusmn;2.48 in the treatment group before and after vaccination, respectively (P&lt;0.001). The increase in mean titer of the treatment group (2.31 log) was statistically higher than that in the control group (0.66 log) (P&lt;0.001). Out of 584 birds, 517 (88.5%) ones had titer above 3 in the second turn in the treatment group. The thermostable vaccine (ND.TR.IR) produced by the Razi institute is suitable for backyard poultry, which immunizes them against Newcastle disease. Appropriate vaccination programs for backyard poultry should be made; moreover, vaccination of backyard poultry can be effective in preventing the circulation of the field viruses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M H Fallah Mehrabadi
- Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Tehran, Iran
| | - S A Ghafouri
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - A Shoushtari
- Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Tehran, Iran
| | - F Tehrani
- Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Tehran, Iran
| | - S Masoudi
- Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Tehran, Iran
| | - M Abdoshah
- Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Tehran, Iran
| | - S Amirhajloo
- Department of Health and Management of Poultry Diseases, Iranian Veterinary Organization, Tehran, Iran
| | - M Shabani
- Department of Health and Management of Poultry Diseases, Iranian Veterinary Organization, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Hassanzadeh M, Abdoshah M, Yousefi AR, Masoudi S. Comparison of the Impact of Different Administration Routes on the Efficacy of a Thermoresistant Newcastle Disease Vaccine in Chickens. Viral Immunol 2020; 33:361-366. [PMID: 31976824 DOI: 10.1089/vim.2019.0125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Route of vaccine administration has a great impact on immunization and protection outcomes in chickens. This study was conducted to compare the effect of different administration routes on the efficacy of a thermoresistant Newcastle disease (ND) vaccine (ND.TR.IR) in chickens. A total of 100 one-day-old specific pathogen-free chicks were divided into five groups (n = 20 chicks per group) and vaccinated through different routes at 10 and 20 days of age. Treatments included no vaccination (control [C]), 1 dose inoculation through eye drop (ED), 1 dose inoculation through drinking water (DW), 1 dose inoculation through feed (FV1), and 10 doses inoculation through feed (FV10). At 20 and 34 days of age, antibody titers were measured against ND virus (NDV) in all the chickens by hemagglutination inhibition (HI) test. Chicks immunized with ND.TR.IR vaccine through different routes of administration also were intramuscularly challenged with a local virulent NDV (vNDV) (Ck/ir/Beh/2011) 14 days after booster vaccination (at 34 days of age). Our results showed that in comparison with the FVs groups, the immunized chicks through ED induced a higher HI antibody titers at 20 days of age (p < 0.05). Meanwhile, vaccination through ED induced higher HI antibody titers at day 34 of age compared with all other groups (p > 0.05). The percentages of the protective HI antibody titers (≥log23) detected in ED and DW groups at 20 days of age were higher than those detected in the FV1 group (p < 0.05). However, routes of vaccination had no significant effect on the rate of protective titers at day 34 of age (100%, 90%, 75%, and 85% for ED, DW, FV1, and FV10, respectively). The percentage of post-NDV challenge survived chickens was not affected by the route of vaccination (p > 0.05), but immunization of chicks with ND.TR.IR in FV1 group provided relatively poorer protection when compared with the other groups (90% vs. 100%, respectively). Altogether, immunization of chicks with ND.TR.IR vaccine through different routes of administration induced protective NDV antibody HI titers, and provided protection against vNDV. However, when the vaccine was administrated through feed, a higher dose of vaccine is recommended.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Hassanzadeh
- Department of Poultry Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Abdoshah
- Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
| | - Ali Reza Yousefi
- Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
| | - Shahin Masoudi
- Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Prevalence of avian influenza, Newcastle disease, and infectious bronchitis viruses in broiler flocks infected with multifactorial respiratory diseases in Iran, 2015-2016. Trop Anim Health Prod 2018; 51:689-695. [PMID: 30377950 PMCID: PMC7088748 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-018-1743-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the prevalence and spatial distribution of Newcastle disease, infectious bronchitis, and avian influenza have been evaluated in commercial broiler farms in 31 provinces in Iran. In this survey, a total of 233 affected broiler chicken farms were sampled. The infectious bronchitis virus (alone) was detected with highest frequency in 60 farms, and separately or combined with other agents, in 110 farms; Newcastle disease virus, separately, was detected in 28 farms, and in 63 farms separately or combined with other infectious agents; and avian influenza H9N2 was detected in 22 farms separately and in 51 farms separately or concomitant with other infectious agents. The sample tested negative for all H5 serotypes. The results of the present study show that the most prevalent avian viral infectious disease contributing to respiratory syndromes in broiler farms in Iran was infectious bronchitis due to infectious bronchitis virus serotypes variant 2 and 793/B. On the other hand, combined with the alternation of dominant viruses and circulating strains, flocks are exposed to unremitting anamorphic viral infections. Thus, the permanent monitoring of cases that have occurred and the review of vaccination plans of affected flocks every year are some of the necessary measures needed for strategic control of respiratory syndrome in broilers. It is noteworthy that execution of epidemiologic examinations on the cogent factors of prevalence of this syndrome and defeat of vaccination strategy in the flocks is urgent and has to be fulfilled on the definite causes of time.
Collapse
|
9
|
Ghalyanchilangeroudi A, Hosseini H, Jabbarifakhr M, Fallah Mehrabadi MH, Najafi H, Ghafouri SA, Mousavi FS, Ziafati Z, Modiri A. Emergence of a virulent genotype VIIi of Newcastle disease virus in Iran. Avian Pathol 2018; 47:509-519. [PMID: 29954188 DOI: 10.1080/03079457.2018.1495313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Newcastle disease (ND) is a contagious viral disease affecting numerous avian species, particularly domestic poultry, and causes devastating outbreaks. In spite of its endemicity and importance in Iran, data on the genetic characterization of ND virus (NDV) are scarce. An alarming issue that has just been raised is the occurrence of ND outbreaks with unexpected high mortality and severe clinical signs. The present study was conducted to characterize the emerging NDV genetically. An NDV strain, isolated in 2017 from commercial broilers showing severe nervous and enteric signs, was completely sequenced and found to be 15,192 nucleotides in length. The phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that the virus belonged to subgenotype VIIi, a subgenotype with potential panzootic features which has recently emerged in the Middle East and Asia. The supporting genetic pattern obtained from the complete genome, fusion and haemagglutinin gene analysis showed close relationship of the isolate with Pakistani VIIi NDVs. The analysis of the F protein showed a polybasic amino acid motif and a phenylalanine at position 117 at the cleavage site, which is a characteristic of virulent strains. The isolate showed significant differences from the previously characterized NDV strains from commercial and rural chickens in Iran. This may describe the importance of the illegal trade of pet birds from neighbouring countries leading to the emergence of new genotypes. This study introduces a newly emerging NDV VIIi subgenotype in Iran. This investigation emphasizes the necessity of effective control strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arash Ghalyanchilangeroudi
- a Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine , University of Tehran , Tehran , Iran
| | - Hossein Hosseini
- b Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine , Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University , Alborz , Iran
| | - Masoumeh Jabbarifakhr
- a Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine , University of Tehran , Tehran , Iran
| | | | - Hamideh Najafi
- d Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine , Shiraz University , Shiraz , Iran
| | | | - Fatemeh Sadat Mousavi
- a Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine , University of Tehran , Tehran , Iran
| | - Zahra Ziafati
- a Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine , University of Tehran , Tehran , Iran
| | - Amir Modiri
- a Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine , University of Tehran , Tehran , Iran
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Sabouri F, Vasfi Marandi M, Bashashati M. Characterization of a novel VIIl sub-genotype of Newcastle disease virus circulating in Iran. Avian Pathol 2017; 47:90-99. [DOI: 10.1080/03079457.2017.1376735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fereshteh Sabouri
- Department of Poultry Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Vasfi Marandi
- Department of Poultry Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Bashashati
- Department of Avian Disease Research and Diagnostic, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Mayahi V, Esmaelizad M. Molecular evolution and epidemiological links study of Newcastle disease virus isolates from 1995 to 2016 in Iran. Arch Virol 2017; 162:3727-3743. [PMID: 28864876 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-017-3536-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In the case of Newcastle disease virus, multiple factors such as host adaptation, immune response evasion, and selective pressures have been suggested to result in evolution of viruses and the emergence of genetic variants. Multiple studies on virus classification and global epidemiological links have yielded consistent data. Here, we have performed a molecular analysis study of circulating Newcastle disease viruses in Iran (1995-2016). According to evolutionary divergences, subgenotype VIg, VIj, VIIj, VIId, XIIIa and XIIId isolates have been circulating in the country during a 21-year period. Based on data analysis, VIg isolates shared highest sequence identity with Russian and Polish isolates of the VIg subgenotype, while VIj subgenotype isolates (2012) were most similar to a virus isolated in 2015 in India. Analysis of the evolutionary divergence of subgenotype VIIj suggests that Chinese and Ukrainian viruses may have played a crucial role in the emergence of VIIj isolates. Evolutionary difference studies also indicated that XIIIa isolates circulating in Iran may have caused the emergence of adapted variants of subgenotype XIIId. Therefore, we propose that the evolutionary and epidemiological study of virulent Newcastle disease viruses could help to provide accurate molecular data about variants circulating in the region, thus aiding in the design of more efficient recombinant vaccines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vafa Mayahi
- Central Laboratory Department, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Alborz, Iran
| | - Majid Esmaelizad
- Central Laboratory Department, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Alborz, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Rezaei Far A, Peighambari SM, Pourbakhsh SA, Ashtari A, Soltani M. Co-circulation of genetically distinct groups of avian paramyxovirus type 1 in pigeon Newcastle disease in Iran. Avian Pathol 2016; 46:36-43. [PMID: 27314285 DOI: 10.1080/03079457.2016.1203068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Pigeons are considered as one of the major natural reservoirs in the epidemiology of Newcastle disease (ND). In this study, the partial sequence of fusion protein gene of 17 pigeon-origin ND viruses (NDVs) isolated during 2012-2013 in Iran was analysed. Since the studied isolates showed F0 protein cleavage sites compatible with velogenic NDVs, all were considered as virulent NDVs. Two isolates carried 112RRQKRF117 as the cleavage site motif, whereas the rest demonstrated 112KRQKRF117 motif which just recently has been reported among Iranian virulent NDVs. Phylogenetic analysis divided all these diverse isolates in two distinct clusters within class II genotype VI. Based on the partial fusion protein gene sequence, 15 out of 17 isolates showed the highest genetic identity to subgenotype VIb/2 and the other two isolates were placed in a distinct genetic group of genotype VI. Based on recent findings, at least two different sublineages of genotype VI are causing the ND outbreaks in the pigeon population and are circulating simultaneously along with virulent NDVs of genotype VII in various species in Iran. The continuing circulation of a diverse group of virulent NDVs as an enzootic in widespread species such as pigeon can cause outbreaks in commercial poultry flocks and also failure in controlling programmes. Therefore, the constant monitoring and awareness of the virus characteristics should be considered in controlling programmes against ND in Iran.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Rezaei Far
- a Department of Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine , University of Tehran , Tehran , Iran
| | - S M Peighambari
- a Department of Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine , University of Tehran , Tehran , Iran
| | - S A Pourbakhsh
- b Avian Diseases Research and Diagnosis Department , Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute , Alborz , Iran
| | - A Ashtari
- b Avian Diseases Research and Diagnosis Department , Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute , Alborz , Iran
| | - M Soltani
- a Department of Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine , University of Tehran , Tehran , Iran
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Ahmadi E, Pourbakhsh SA, Ahmadi M, Mardani K, Talebi A. Phylogenetic characterization of virulent Newcastle disease viruses isolated during outbreaks in northwestern Iran in 2010. Arch Virol 2016; 161:3151-60. [PMID: 27542379 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-016-3021-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2016] [Accepted: 08/17/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The northwest of Iran shares long borders with three neighboring countries; therefore, it is considered one of the main entry portals of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) into the country. Ten virulent NDVs were recovered from 19 poultry farms of various prefectures in northwestern Iran during Newcastle disease outbreaks in 2010. The isolates were genotypically analyzed using an F-gene-specific reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay. The amplified F gene (nucleotides 189-1666) sequences of the NDV isolates were compared phylogenetically with those of previously published strains in GenBank. All of the NDV isolates belonged to genotype VIIb and were closely related to some isolates from Iran, Russia, and Sweden. Therefore, it can be postulated that these isolates evolved from previously reported strains. The velogenic viruses carried the motif (112)R-R-Q-K-R/F(117) at the F0 cleavage site and a unique substitution of (190)L→F which had never been reported in any NDV genotype VIIb isolate. They shared high sequence similarity with each other but were distinct from current NDV vaccines and NDV strains reported from other countries. This information is fundamental for improving the efficacy of controlling strategies and vaccine development for NDV.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elham Ahmadi
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Sanandaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Sanandaj, Iran.
| | - Seyed Ali Pourbakhsh
- Department of Poultry Diseases, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Karaj, Iran
| | - Malahat Ahmadi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, West Azarbaijan, Iran
| | - Karim Mardani
- Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, West Azarbaijan, Iran
| | - Alireza Talebi
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, West Azarbaijan, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Boroomand Z, Jafari RA, Mayahi M. Molecular characterization and phylogenetic study of the fusion genes of Newcastle disease virus from the recent outbreaks in Ahvaz, Iran. Virusdisease 2016; 27:102-5. [PMID: 26925451 DOI: 10.1007/s13337-015-0299-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2015] [Accepted: 12/31/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Newcastle disease (ND) is an acute and highly contagious disease affecting many domestic and wild species of birds. Its effects are most notable in domestic poultry due to their high susceptibility and the potential for severe impacts of an epizootic on the poultry industry. In this study, partial sequences of fusion genes of three Newcastle disease virus (NDV) isolates collected during 2013-14 outbreaks from the vaccinated commercial broiler chicken farms with high mortality around Ahvaz city (Southwest of Iran) were characterized. All three isolates showed the amino acid sequence 112RRQKRF117 at the C-terminus of the F2 protein and phenylalanine at the N-terminus of the F1 protein residue 117. These amino acid sequences were identical to a known virulent motif. The phylogenetic analysis revealed that the Iranian ND isolates in this study are closely related to the genotype VIId of class II NDV strains. Our results specified that there are velogenic NDV circulating in Ahvaz commercial broiler flocks and causing outbreaks in poultry industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Boroomand
- Department of Avian Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Ramezan Ali Jafari
- Department of Avian Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mansour Mayahi
- Department of Avian Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
| |
Collapse
|