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Wusiman A, Li J, Abulikemu X, Pengfei G, Mai Z, Jiang W, Liu Z, Wang D, Abula S, Guo Q. Polyethyleneimine modified Pickering emulsion as a novel adjuvant to induce strong and long-lasting immune responses. Int J Pharm 2022; 619:121713. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.121713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Revised: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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2
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Poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanoparticle-based vaccines delivery systems as a novel adjuvant for H9N2 antigen enhance immune responses. Poult Sci 2022; 101:101791. [PMID: 35358927 PMCID: PMC8968667 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2022.101791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticle used as vaccine adjuvants have been widely investigated due to their safety, antigen slow-release ability, and good adjuvants activity. In this study, immunopotentiator Alhagi honey polysaccharide encapsulated PLGA nanoparticles (AHPP) and assembled pickering emulsion with AHPP as shell and squalene as core (PPAS) were prepared. Characterization of AHPP and PPAS were investigated. H9N2 absorbed nanoparticles formulations were immunized to chicken, then the magnitude and kinetics of antibody and cellular immune responses were assessed. Our results showed that PPAS had rough strawberry-like surfaces, a large number of antigens could be absorbed on their surfaces through simple mixing. Adjuvant activity of PPAS showed that, PPAS/H9N2 can induce long-lasting and high HI titers, high thymus, spleen, and bursa of fabricius organ index. Moreover, chicken immunized with PPAS/H9N2 showed a mixed high differentiation of CD4+ and CD8a+ T cell, and strong Th1 and Th2-type cytokines mRNA expression. Thus, these findings demonstrated that PPAS could induce a strong and long-term cellular and humoral immune response, and has the potential to serve as an effective vaccine delivery adjuvant system for H9N2 antigen.
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Khantour AE, Houadfi ME, Nassik S, Tligui NS, Mellouli FE, Sikht FZ, Ducatez MF, Soulaymani A, Fellahi S. Protective Efficacy Evaluation of Four Inactivated Commercial Vaccines Against Low Pathogenic Avian Influenza H9N2 Virus Under Experimental Conditions in Broiler Chickens. Avian Dis 2021; 65:351-357. [PMID: 34427407 DOI: 10.1637/aviandiseases-d-21-00015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Avian influenza vaccines are commonly used in the poultry industry. The objective of this study was to compare, under experimental conditions, the protective efficacy of four imported commercial inactivated H9N2 vaccines (A, B, C, and D) in broiler chickens. A total of 150 one-day-old chicks were divided into six groups: four experimental groups, each containing 30 chicks, received one of the vaccines (A, B, C, or D) delivered in a 0.3-ml dose subcutaneously at 1 day of age, whereas the control, Group T, was not vaccinated but challenged and Group E was kept unvaccinated and unchallenged. At 21 days postvaccination, Groups A, B, C, D, and T were challenged with 107 embryo infective dose 50% of A/Chicken/Morocco/01/2016 (H9N2). All chicks were observed daily for clinical signs during the 12 days postchallenge (dpc). At 5 and 12 dpc, chicks were euthanatized for necropsy examination. Blood samples were collected weekly for serologic analysis and oropharyngeal swabs were collected for virus detection by real-time RT-PCR. Respiratory signs started at 48 hr pc and maximum severity was observed on 9 dpc. Chiefly, the birds vaccinated with vaccine B showed significantly more respiratory signs than did their counterparts. Serologic analysis revealed that the sera of Groups A and D birds showed a decrease in antibody (Ab) levels up to day 26; then a slight increase of Ab level was observed until day 31, while Group B and C birds showed a stabilization of the titers from day 21 until the end of the experiment. The viral shedding rate was significantly lower in Groups C and A (40%-50% of the birds shed virus for <7 days) compared with other challenged groups (60%-75% of the birds shed virus for ≥9 days). This experiment illustrated that vaccination applied on the first day in the hatchery with the four vaccines tested did not provide an acceptable protection against H9N2 in comparison with the controls that did not receive any vaccine. However, at first glance, we might favor vaccines A and C for their ability to reduce and shorten viral shedding as compared with vaccines B and D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abderrazak El Khantour
- Laboratoire de Biologie et Santé. Faculté des Sciences de Kénitra Université Ibn Tofail, Kénitra, Morocco (14000).,Division de la pharmacie et des Intrants vétérinaires; Office National de Sécurité Sanitaire des produits Alimentaires(ONSSA). Rue Ikhlas Cym BP 4509 Akkari. Rabat, Morocco (10050)
| | - Mohammed El Houadfi
- Unité de Pathologie Aviaire, Département de Pathologie et Santé Publique Vétérinaire, Institut Agronomique et Vétérinaire Hassan II, Rabat, Morocco (10000)
| | - Saadia Nassik
- Unité de Pathologie Aviaire, Département de Pathologie et Santé Publique Vétérinaire, Institut Agronomique et Vétérinaire Hassan II, Rabat, Morocco (10000)
| | - Nour Said Tligui
- Unité de Pathologie Aviaire, Département de Pathologie et Santé Publique Vétérinaire, Institut Agronomique et Vétérinaire Hassan II, Rabat, Morocco (10000)
| | - Fatiha El Mellouli
- Laboratoire régional d'analyses et de recherches de Casablanca (lRARC); ONSSA, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Fatima-Zohra Sikht
- Unité de Pathologie Aviaire, Département de Pathologie et Santé Publique Vétérinaire, Institut Agronomique et Vétérinaire Hassan II, Rabat, Morocco (10000)
| | - Mariette F Ducatez
- Unité mixte de recherche, Institut National de Recherche Agricole/Ecole Vétérinaire de Toulouse 1225, Université de Toulouse, 31076 Toulouse, France
| | - Abdelmajid Soulaymani
- Laboratoire de Biologie et Santé. Faculté des Sciences de Kénitra Université Ibn Tofail, Kénitra, Morocco (14000)
| | - Siham Fellahi
- Unité de Pathologie Aviaire, Département de Pathologie et Santé Publique Vétérinaire, Institut Agronomique et Vétérinaire Hassan II, Rabat, Morocco (10000), ,
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Xie XT, Yitbarek A, Astill J, Singh S, Khan SU, Sharif S, Poljak Z, Greer AL. Within-host model of respiratory virus shedding and antibody response to H9N2 avian influenza virus vaccination and infection in chickens. Infect Dis Model 2021; 6:490-502. [PMID: 33778216 PMCID: PMC7966989 DOI: 10.1016/j.idm.2021.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Avian influenza virus (AIV) H9N2 subtype is an infectious pathogen that can affect both the respiratory and gastrointestinal systems in chickens and continues to have an important economic impact on the poultry industry. While the host innate immune response provides control of virus replication in early infection, the adaptive immune response aids to clear infections and prevent future invasion. Modelling virus-innate immune response pathways can improve our understanding of early infection dynamics and help to guide our understanding of virus shedding dynamics that could lead to reduced transmission between hosts. While some countries use vaccines for the prevention of H9N2 AIV in poultry, the virus continues to be endemic in regions of Eurasia and Africa, indicating a need for improved vaccine efficacy or vaccination strategies. Here we explored how three type-I interferon (IFN) pathways affect respiratory virus shedding patterns in infected chickens using a within-host model. Additionally, prime and boost vaccination strategies for a candidate H9N2 AIV vaccine are assessed for the ability to elicit seroprotective antibody titres. The model demonstrates that inclusion of virus sensitivity to intracellular type-I IFN pathways results in a shedding pattern most consistent with virus titres observed in infected chickens, and the inclusion of a cellular latent period does not improve model fit. Furthermore, early administration of a booster dose two weeks after the initial vaccine is administered results in seroprotective titres for the greatest length of time for both broilers and layers. These results demonstrate that type-I IFN intracellular mechanisms are required in a model of respiratory virus shedding in H9N2 AIV infected chickens, and also highlights the need for improved vaccination strategies for laying hens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Ting Xie
- Department of Population Medicine, University of Guelph, ON, Canada
| | | | - Jake Astill
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Shirene Singh
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago
| | - Salah Uddin Khan
- Department of Population Medicine, University of Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Shayan Sharif
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Zvonimir Poljak
- Department of Population Medicine, University of Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Amy L Greer
- Department of Population Medicine, University of Guelph, ON, Canada
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Cahyani JI, Widyarini S, Wibowo MH. Comparative safety and efficacy of two bivalent vaccines containing Newcastle disease LaSota and avian influenza H9N2 Sidrap isolate formulated with different oil adjuvants. Vet World 2020; 13:2493-2501. [PMID: 33363346 PMCID: PMC7750224 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2020.2493-2501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim: Newcastle disease (ND) and avian influenza (AI) are two devastating diseases of poultry, which cause great economic losses to the poultry industry and disrupt food security in our country. The use of ND-AI inactive bivalent vaccine is very effective and economical to prevent and control ND and AI disease. Bivalent ND LaSota-AI H9N2 vaccine is not yet available in Indonesia. The inactivated vaccines used in poultry industry often require oil adjuvant to elicit a sufficient immune response. This study aimed to develop the bivalent inactive vaccines containing ND LaSota and AI H9N2 Sidrap isolate which are local isolates as poultry vaccine candidates, and formulated with two different commercial adjuvants, then compared. Materials and Methods: Two vaccines bivalent were prepared by emulsifying inactivated Newcastle disease virus (LaSota strain) and AI H9N2 Sidrap isolate viruses with Marcol white mineral oil and Montanide ISA70 adjuvants. Both of bivalent vaccines were tested for safety (physical and histopathological at the injection site) and efficacy in specific-pathogen-free chickens. Parameters used for the evaluation of the efficacy were immunogenicity by hemagglutination inhibition and protection percentage. Results: Both bivalent vaccines are safe to use. Post-vaccination (PV) immune response was observed using a hemagglutination inhibition test at 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8 weeks of PV. The bivalent vaccine B gives a better immune response to ND at 2, 3, and 4 weeks of PV (p<0.05) compared to the bivalent vaccine A, but in 5, 6, 7, and 8 weeks, the PV does not show differences in the immune response. The immune response to AI H9N2 showed differences at weeks 2 and 3 PV (p<0.05) with the bivalent vaccine B indicated higher immunity. A single immunization with both bivalent vaccines induces 100% protection in chickens that have been vaccinated against the deadly challenge with the virulent ND virus. Conclusion: Both of bivalent vaccines are safe to use and provide good efficacy against virulent ND viruses, but bivalent vaccine B (with Montanide ISA70 adjuvant) shows better immune response than bivalent vaccine A (Marcol white mineral oil adjuvant).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jossie Intan Cahyani
- Master Program, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Gadjah Mada, Jl. Fauna No.2, Sleman, Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia.,Pusat Veteriner Farma (Central for Veterinary Biologics), Ministry of Agriculture of the Republic of Indonesia, Jl. Ahmad Yani No.68-70, Ketintang, Gayungan, Surabaya, Jawa Timur 60231, Indonesia
| | - Sitarina Widyarini
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Gadjah Mada, Jl. Fauna No. 2, Sleman, Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
| | - Michael Haryadi Wibowo
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Gadjah Mada, Jl. Fauna No. 2, Sleman, Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
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Sun H, Fei L, Zhu B, Shi M. Quick and improved immune responses to inactivated H9N2 avian influenza vaccine by purified active fraction of Albizia julibrissin saponins. BMC Vet Res 2020; 16:427. [PMID: 33160337 PMCID: PMC7648552 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-020-02648-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background H9N2 Low pathogenic avian influenza virus (LPAIV) raises public health concerns and its eradication in poultry becomes even more important in preventing influenza. AJSAF is a purified active saponin fraction from the stem bark of Albizzia julibrissin. In this study, AJSAF was evaluated for the adjuvant potentials on immune responses to inactivated H9N2 avian influenza virus vaccine (IH9V) in mice and chicken in comparison with commercially oil-adjuvant. Results AJSAF significantly induced faster and higher H9 subtype avian influenza virus antigen (H9–Ag)-specific IgG, IgG1, IgG2a and IgG2b antibody titers in mice and haemagglutination inhibition (HI) and IgY antibody levels in chicken immunized with IH9V. AJSAF also markedly promoted Con A-, LPS- and H9–Ag-stimulated splenocyte proliferation and natural killer cell activity. Furthermore, AJSAF significantly induced the production of both Th1 (IL-2 and IFN-γ) and Th2 (IL-10) cytokines, and up-regulated the mRNA expression levels of Th1 and Th2 cytokines and transcription factors in splenocytes from the IH9V-immunized mice. Although oil-formulated inactivated H9N2 avian influenza vaccine (CH9V) also elicited higher H9–Ag-specific IgG and IgG1 in mice and HI antibody titer in chicken, this robust humoral response was later produced. Moreover, serum IgG2a and IgG2b antibody titers in CH9V-immunized mice were significantly lower than those of IH9V alone group. Conclusions AJSAF could improve antigen-specific humoral and cellular immune responses, and simultaneously trigger a Th1/Th2 response to IH9V. AJSAF might be a safe and efficacious adjuvant candidate for H9N2 avian influenza vaccine. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12917-020-02648-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxiang Sun
- Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
| | - Liyan Fei
- Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Binnian Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Minghua Shi
- Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
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Talat S, Abouelmaatti RR, Almeer R, Abdel-Daim MM, Elfeil WK. Comparison of the Effectiveness of Two Different Vaccination Regimes for Avian Influenza H9N2 in Broiler Chicken. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:E1875. [PMID: 33066560 PMCID: PMC7602138 DOI: 10.3390/ani10101875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Low pathogenic avian influenza virus is one of the major threats that has been affecting the poultry industry in the Middle East region for decades. Attempts to eradicate this disease have failed. Currently, there are commercial vaccines that are either imported or produced locally from recently circulating isolates of H9N2 in Egypt and Middle Eastern countries. This present work focused on comparing the effectiveness of two vaccines belonging to these categories in Egypt. Two commercial broiler flocks (Cobb-500 Broiler) with maternally derived immunity (MDA) against H9N2 virus were employed and placed under normal commercial field conditions or laboratory conditions. Immunity was evaluated on the basis of detectable humoral antibodies against influenza H9N2 virus, and challenge was conducted at 28 days of life using a recent wild H9N2 virus. The results showed that vaccination on the 7th day of life provided significantly higher immune response in both vaccine types, with significantly lower virus shedding compared to vaccination at day 1 of life, regardless of field or laboratory conditions. In addition, the vaccine produced from a recent local H9N2 isolate (MEFLUVAC-H9-16) provided a significantly higher humoral immune response under both field and laboratory conditions, as measured by serology and virus shedding (number of shedders and amount of shedding virus), being significantly lower following challenge on the 28th day of life, contrary to the imported H9 vaccine. In conclusion, use of H9N2 vaccine at 7 days of life provided a significantly higher protection than vaccination at day 1 of life in birds with MDA, suggesting vaccination regimes between 5-8-days of life for broiler chicks with MDA. Moreover, use of a vaccine prepared from a recently circulating H9N2 virus showed significantly higher protection and was more suitable for birds in the Middle East.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaimaa Talat
- Department of Birds and Rabbits Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Sadat City University, Menoufiya 32958, Egypt;
| | - Reham R. Abouelmaatti
- Department of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis, Sharkia Veterinary Directorate, General Organization of Veterinary Services (GOVS), Ministry of Agriculture, Sharkia 44511, Egypt;
| | - Rafa Almeer
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (R.A.); (M.M.A.-D.)
| | - Mohamed M. Abdel-Daim
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (R.A.); (M.M.A.-D.)
- Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
| | - Wael K. Elfeil
- Avian and Rabbit Medicine Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
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