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Shen S, Zhang J, Du Y, Ma T, Deng Y, Han Z. Identifying groundwater ammonium hotspots in riverside aquifer of Central Yangtze River Basin. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 953:176094. [PMID: 39244055 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.176094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2024] [Revised: 08/19/2024] [Accepted: 09/04/2024] [Indexed: 09/09/2024]
Abstract
Elevated ammonium (NH4-N) contents in groundwater are a global concern, yet the mobilization and enrichment mechanisms controlling NH4-N within riverside aquifers (RAS) remain poorly understood. RAS are important zones for nitrogen cycling and play a vital role in regulating groundwater NH4-N contents. This study conducted an integrated assessment of a hydrochemistry dataset using a combination of hydrochemical analyses and multivariate geostatistical methods to identify hydrochemical compositions and NH4-N distribution in the riverside aquifer within Central Yangtze River Basin, ultimately elucidating potential NH4-N sources and factors controlling NH4-N enrichment in groundwater ammonium hotspots. Compared to rivers, these hotspots exhibited extremely high levels of NH4-N (5.26 mg/L on average), which were mainly geogenic in origin. The results indicated that N-containing organic matter (OM) mineralization, strong reducing condition in groundwater and release of exchangeable NH4-N in sediment are main factors controlling these high concentrations of NH4-N. The Eh representing redox state was the dominant variable affecting NH4-N contents (50.17 % feature importance), with Fe2+ and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) representing OM mineralization as secondary but important variables (26 % and 5.11 % feature importance, respectively). This study proposes a possible causative mechanism for the formation of these groundwater ammonium hotspots in RAS. Larger NH4-N sources through OM mineralization and greater NH4-N storage under strong reducing condition collectively drive NH4-N enrichment in the riverside aquifer. The evolution of depositional environment driven by palaeoclimate and the unique local environment within the RAS likely play vital roles in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Shen
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Jingwei Zhang
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Yao Du
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Teng Ma
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China; College of Resource and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, China.
| | - Yamin Deng
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Zhihui Han
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
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2
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Wang L. Global plant nitrogen use is controlled by temperature. Nat Commun 2024; 15:7651. [PMID: 39223109 PMCID: PMC11369106 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-50803-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Lixin Wang
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Indiana University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
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3
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Liu R, Qiu J, Wang S, Fu R, Qi X, Jian C, Hu Q, Zeng J, Liu N. Hydrochemical and microbial community characteristics and the sources of inorganic nitrogen in groundwater from different aquifers in Zhanjiang, Guangdong Province, China. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 252:119022. [PMID: 38685304 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.119022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Groundwater from different aquifers in the Zhanjiang area suffers from different degrees of nitrogen pollution, which poses a serious threat to the health of urban and rural residents as well as the surrounding aquatic ecological environment. However, neither the water chemistry and microbial community characteristics in different aquifer media nor the sources of inorganic nitrogen pollution have been extensively studied. This study integrated water quality parameters, dual isotopes (δ15N-NO3- and δ18O-NO3-), and 16S rRNA data to clarify the hydrochemical and microbial characteristics of loose rock pore water (LRPW), layered bedrock fissure water (LBFW), and volcanic rock pore fissure water (VRPFW) in the Zhanjiang area and to determine inorganic nitrogen pollution and sources. The results show that the hydrochemistry of groundwater in different aquifers is complex and diverse, which is mainly affected by rock weathering and atmospheric precipitation, and the cation exchange is strong. High NO3- concentration reduces the richness of the microbial community (VRPFW). There are a large number of bacteria related to nitrogen (N) cycle in groundwater and nitrification dominated the N transformation. A quarter of the samples exceeded the relevant inorganic nitrogen index limits specified in the drinking water standard for China. The NO3- content is highest in VRPFW and the NH4+ content is highest in shallow loose rock pore water (SLRPW). In general, NO3-/Cl-, dual isotope (δ15N-NO3- and δ18O-NO3-) data and MixSIAR quantitative results indicate manure and sewage (M&S) and soil organic nitrogen (SON) are the main sources of NO3-. In LRPW, as the depth increases, the contribution rate of M&S gradually decreases, and the contribution rate of SON gradually increases. The results of uncertainty analysis show that the UI90 values of SON and M&S are higher. This study provides a scientific basis for local relevant departments to address inorganic nitrogen pollution in groundwater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rentao Liu
- College of Environment and Climate, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, China
| | - Jinrong Qiu
- South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment of the People's Republic of China, Guangzhou, 510655, Guangdong, China
| | - Shuang Wang
- Guangdong Geological Bureau Fourth Geological Brigade, Zhanjiang, 524049, Guangdong, China
| | - Renchuan Fu
- College of Environment and Climate, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaochen Qi
- College of Environment and Climate, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, China
| | - Chuanqi Jian
- College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, China
| | - Qizhi Hu
- Guangdong Hydrogeology Battalion, Guangzhou, 510510, Guangdong, China
| | - Jingwen Zeng
- South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment of the People's Republic of China, Guangzhou, 510655, Guangdong, China
| | - Na Liu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, China.
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Driscoll C, Milford JB, Henze DK, Bell MD. Atmospheric reduced nitrogen: Sources, transformations, effects, and management. JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION (1995) 2024; 74:362-415. [PMID: 38819428 DOI: 10.1080/10962247.2024.2342765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
Human activities have increased atmospheric emissions and deposition of oxidized and reduced forms of nitrogen, but emission control programs have largely focused on oxidized nitrogen. As a result, in many regions of the world emissions of oxidized nitrogen are decreasing while emissions of reduced nitrogen are increasing. Emissions of reduced nitrogen largely originate from livestock waste and fertilizer application, with contributions from transportation sources in urban areas. Observations suggest a discrepancy between trends in emissions and deposition of reduced nitrogen in the U.S., likely due to an underestimate in emissions. In the atmosphere, ammonia reacts with oxides of sulfur and nitrogen to form fine particulate matter that impairs health and visibility and affects climate forcings. Recent reductions in emissions of sulfur and nitrogen oxides have limited partitioning with ammonia, decreasing long-range transport. Continuing research is needed to improve understanding of how shifting emissions alter formation of secondary particulates and patterns of transport and deposition of reactive nitrogen. Satellite remote sensing has potential for monitoring atmospheric concentrations and emissions of ammonia, but there remains a need to maintain and strengthen ground-based measurements and continue development of chemical transport models. Elevated nitrogen deposition has decreased plant and soil microbial biodiversity and altered the biogeochemical function of terrestrial, freshwater, and coastal ecosystems. Further study is needed on differential effects of oxidized versus reduced nitrogen and pathways and timescales of ecosystem recovery from elevated nitrogen deposition. Decreases in deposition of reduced nitrogen could alleviate exceedances of critical loads for terrestrial and freshwater indicators in many U.S. areas. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency should consider using critical loads as a basis for setting standards to protect public welfare and ecosystems. The U.S. and other countries might look to European experience for approaches to control emissions of reduced nitrogen from agricultural and transportation sectors.Implications: In this Critical Review we synthesize research on effects, air emissions, environmental transformations, and management of reduced forms of nitrogen. Emissions of reduced nitrogen affect human health, the structure and function of ecosystems, and climatic forcings. While emissions of oxidized forms of nitrogen are regulated in the U.S., controls on reduced forms are largely absent. Decreases in emissions of sulfur and nitrogen oxides coupled with increases in ammonia are shifting the gas-particle partitioning of ammonia and decreasing long-range atmospheric transport of reduced nitrogen. Effort is needed to understand, monitor, and manage emissions of reduced nitrogen in a changing environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles Driscoll
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Jana B Milford
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Daven K Henze
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Michael D Bell
- Ecologist, National Park Service - Air Resources Division, Boulder, CO, USA
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Ramos RL, Shirdast S, Aliaskari M, Rosentreter H, Lerch A, Schäfer AI. Nitrogen compounds removal from brackish water by electrodialysis at fixed electric potential and dynamic current density operations. WATER RESEARCH 2024; 250:121016. [PMID: 38134857 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.121016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) compounds can occur in water resources from natural and anthropogenic activities. It is ideal that these contaminants be removed before water consumption. As water quality has been affected by increased salinity and pH variation, more advanced and robust technologies such as electrodialysis (ED) can be considered for simultaneous desalination and pollutant removal. In this context, the removal of N-species (NO3-, NO2-, NH4+, and CH4N2O) from brackish water by ED was investigated for different feed water quality, considering increased salinity (0 - 10g/L NaCl) and pH variation (3 - 11), under limit current density (LCD) at fixed electric potential condition. The applied electric potential (5 - 25V) under, at, and over the LCD at fixed electric potential and dynamic current density (DCD), as a percentage of LCD (0.4 - 1.2), were analyzed to improve the process. In addition, energy efficiency in the form of specific energy consumption (SEC) and current efficiency (CE) were assessed for ED at fixed electric potential and DCD. The results showed that, at extreme pH of the feed water, the removal of NO2- and NH4+ can be affected, while NO3-was the most stable compound with pH variation. An increase in feed water salinity just slightly impacted the removal of N-compounds, due to the similar characteristics of the ions in the water. The increase in electric potential at fixed electric potential or DCD increased the removal and molar flux of N-compounds. However, operating over the LCD increased the SEC of the ED process while changes in removal were not significant. DCD procedures resulted in higher CE and shorter run time of the experiments. Therefore, ED proved to be a suitable treatment technique to produce fresh water due to the selective removal of the studied ions, especially at 15V (fixed electrical potential) and 0.8 LCD (DCD) related to removal, molar flux, and run time to achieve guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramatisa Ladeia Ramos
- Institute for Advanced Membrane Technology (IAMT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen 76344, Germany
| | - Shahram Shirdast
- Institute for Advanced Membrane Technology (IAMT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen 76344, Germany; Institute of Urban and Industrial Water Management, Chair of Process Engineering in Hydro Systems, TUD Dresden University of Technology, Dresden 01062, Germany
| | - Mehran Aliaskari
- Institute for Advanced Membrane Technology (IAMT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen 76344, Germany
| | - Hanna Rosentreter
- Institute of Urban and Industrial Water Management, Chair of Process Engineering in Hydro Systems, TUD Dresden University of Technology, Dresden 01062, Germany
| | - André Lerch
- Institute of Urban and Industrial Water Management, Chair of Process Engineering in Hydro Systems, TUD Dresden University of Technology, Dresden 01062, Germany
| | - Andrea Iris Schäfer
- Institute for Advanced Membrane Technology (IAMT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen 76344, Germany.
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Liang Y, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Kong X, Cai Z, Wang Y. Increasing Nitrogen Losses Due to Changing Food Consumption Patterns in Bayannur City, China. Foods 2023; 12:752. [PMID: 36832827 PMCID: PMC9955498 DOI: 10.3390/foods12040752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Increasing urbanization and affluence have led to changes in food consumption patterns. The application of nitrogen (N) fertilizers ensures food security but also leads to environmental pollution due to N losses, through processes such as acidification, eutrophication, and greenhouse gas emissions. To clarify whether changes in food consumption patterns could increase N losses and to explore sustainable food system pathways, this study integrated the Chinese Food System Dashboard and the Nutrient Flows in Food Chains, Environment and Resources Use model to quantify and compare the link between food consumption and N losses in different agricultural regions using a case study of Bayannur City in the Yellow River Basin from 2000 to 2016. During the study period, Bayannur's food consumption pattern changed from a "high carbohydrate and pork pattern" to a "high fiber and herbivore pattern", which represents a shift from low to high N consumption. The per-capita food consumption decreased by 11.55% from 425.41 kg cap-1, whereas the per-capita N losses increased by 12.42% from 35.60 kg N cap-1. The average share of the plant-oriented and animal-oriented food supply in these losses was 53.39% and 46.61%, respectively. There were differences in the food consumption patterns and N losses in Bayannur's farming, farming-pastoral, and pastoral regions. The changes in N losses were most significant in the pastoral region. The N losses to the environment increased sharply by 112.33% from 22.75 g N cap-1 over the past 16 years. The low level of economic development in Bayannur resulted in a shift in the food consumption pattern to a high N consumption. Four measures to protect food security and reduce the food N cost were proposed: (1) increasing the wheat planting area and maintaining the existing corn one; (2) expanding the scale of high-quality alfalfa planting; (3) enhancing the area of oat grass and wheat replanting; and (4) using modern planting technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihang Liang
- School of Geography, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yanqin Zhang
- School of Geography, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yuyue Wang
- School of Geography, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xinggong Kong
- School of Geography, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
- Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application, Nanjing 210023, China
- Key Laboratory of Virtual Geographic Environment, Ministry of Education, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Zucong Cai
- School of Geography, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
- Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application, Nanjing 210023, China
- Key Laboratory of Virtual Geographic Environment, Ministry of Education, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yanhua Wang
- School of Geography, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
- Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application, Nanjing 210023, China
- Key Laboratory of Virtual Geographic Environment, Ministry of Education, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
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7
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McDonnell TC, Phelan J, Talhelm AF, Cosby BJ, Driscoll CT, Sullivan TJ, Greaver T. Protection of forest ecosystems in the eastern United States from elevated atmospheric deposition of sulfur and nitrogen: A comparison of steady-state and dynamic model results. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 318:120887. [PMID: 36535424 PMCID: PMC10348011 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Critical loads (CLs) and target loads (TLs) of atmospheric deposition of sulfur (S) and nitrogen (N) specify the thresholds of air pollution above which damage to ecosystems is expected to occur and are used to inform environmental regulation and natural resource management. Model estimates of CL and TL can vary for a given location, and these differences can be important for characterization of ecosystem effects from elevated S and N deposition. Moreover, TLs are used to evaluate associated timeframes of ecosystem recovery. We compared published CLs and TLs based on soil acidity criteria derived from steady-state versus dynamic models for terrestrial ecosystems. We examined the magnitude of differences in the CL/TL results from the two types of models for the same regions in the Eastern U.S. Results showed that CLs/TLs from dynamic models (or from steady state modeling using soil base cation weathering estimates from dynamic models) generally produce a broader range of values of acid-sensitivity, including lower CLs/TLs, as compared with a steady-state approach. Applications of dynamic biogeochemical models capable of developing CLs/TLs are relatively data intensive and typically limited to locations where measured soil and soil solution (or nearby stream water) chemistry are available for model parameterization, calibration, and testing. We recommend that CLs/TLs derived from dynamic models be used, where data permit, as they are likely more accurate and allow for evaluation of time-dependent phenomena and period needed for recovery. However, CLs derived from steady-state models remain a useful tool for understanding broad spatial patterns in soil acid-sensitivity throughout the U.S. Future work should focus on the development of more reliable model input parameters, particularly soil base cation weathering, and the extent to which CLs and TLs at a given location may vary and be altered with anticipated future climate change. In addition, dynamic models could be further developed to estimate CLs/TLs for nutrient N.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Alan F Talhelm
- College of Natural Resources, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, USA
| | - Bernard J Cosby
- UK Centre for Ecology and Hydrology Environment Centre Wales, Bangor, Gwynedd, UK
| | - Charles T Driscoll
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, 13244, USA
| | | | - Tara Greaver
- Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, RTP, NC 27711, USA
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Burke RA, Fritz KM, Johnson BR, Price R. Mountaintop removal coal mining impacts on structural and functional indicators in Central Appalachian streams. FRONTIERS IN WATER 2023; 4:1-19. [PMID: 36969749 PMCID: PMC10031508 DOI: 10.3389/frwa.2022.988061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Mountaintop removal coal mining (MTR) has been a major source of landscape change in the Central Appalachians of the United States (US). Changes in stream hydrology, channel geomorphology and water quality caused by MTR coal mining can lead to severe impairment of stream ecological integrity. The objective of the Clean Water Act (CWA) is to restore and maintain the ecological integrity of the Nation's waters. Sensitive, readily measured indicators of ecosystem structure and function are needed for the assessment of stream ecological integrity. Most CWA assessments rely on structural indicators; inclusion of functional indicators could make these assessments more holistic and effective. The goals of this study were: (1) test the efficacy of selected carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) cycling and microbial structural and functional indicators for assessing MTR coal mining impacts on streams; (2) determine whether indicators respond to impacts in a predictable manner; and (3) determine if functional indicators are less likely to change than are structural indicators in response to stressors associated with MTR coal mining. The structural indicators are water quality and sediment organic matter concentrations, and the functional indicators relate to microbial activity and biofilm production. Seasonal measurements were conducted over the course of a year in streams draining small MTR-impacted and forested watersheds in the Twentymile Creek watershed of West Virginia (WV). Five of the eight structural parameters measured had significant responses, with all means greater in the MTR-impacted streams than in the forested streams. These responses resulted from changes in source or augmentation of the original source of the C and N structural parameters because of MTR coal mining. Nitrate concentration and the stable carbon isotopic ratio of dissolved inorganic carbon were the most effective indicators evaluated in this study. Only three of the fourteen functional indicators measured had significant responses to MTR coal mining, with all means greater in the forested streams than in the MTR-impacted streams. These results suggest that stressors associated with MTR coal mining caused reduction in some aspects of microbial cycling, but resource subsidies may have counterbalanced some of the inhibition leading to no observable change in most of the functional indicators. The detritus base, which is thought to confer functional stability, was likely sustained in the MTR-impacted streams by channel storage and/or leaf litter inputs from their largely intact riparian zones. Overall, our results largely support the hypothesis that certain functional processes are more resistant to stress induced change than structural properties but also suggest the difficulty of identifying suitable functional indicators for ecological integrity assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger A. Burke
- United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA),
Center for Environmental Measurement and Modeling (CEMM), Athens, GA, United
States
| | - Ken M. Fritz
- United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA),
Center for Environmental Measurement and Modeling (CEMM), Cincinnati, OH, United
States
| | - Brent R. Johnson
- United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA),
Center for Environmental Measurement and Modeling (CEMM), Cincinnati, OH, United
States
| | - Rachel Price
- United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA),
Center for Environmental Measurement and Modeling (CEMM), Cincinnati, OH, United
States
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Setälä H, Szlavecz K, Pullen JD, Parker JD, Huang Y, Chang C. Acute resource pulses from periodical cicadas propagate to belowground food webs but do not affect tree performance. Ecology 2022; 103:e3773. [PMID: 35633474 PMCID: PMC9786866 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.3773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Acute resource pulses can have dramatic legacies for organismal growth, but the legacy effects of resource pulses on broader aspects of community structure and ecosystem processes are less understood. Mass emergence of periodical cicadas (Magicicada spp.) provides an excellent opportunity to shed light on the influence of resource pulses on community and ecosystem dynamics: the adults emerge every 13 or 17 years in vast numbers over much of eastern North America, with a smaller but still significant number becoming incorporated into forest food webs. To study the potential effects of such arthropod resource pulse on primary production and belowground food webs, we added adult cicada bodies to the soil surface surrounding sycamore trees and assessed soil carbon and nitrogen concentrations, plant-available nutrients, abundance and community composition of soil fauna occupying various trophic levels, decomposition rate of plant litter after 50 and 100 days, and tree performance for 4 years. Contrary to previous studies, we did not find significant cicada effects on tree performance despite observing higher plant-available nutrient levels on cicada addition plots. Cicada addition did change the community composition of soil nematodes and increased the abundance of bacterial- and fungal-feeding nematodes, while plant feeders, omnivores, and predators were not influenced. Altogether, acute resource pulses from decomposing cicadas propagated belowground to soil microbial-feeding invertebrates and stimulated nutrient mineralization in the soil, but these effects did not transfer up to affect tree performance. We conclude that, despite their influence on soil food web and processes they carry out, even massive resource pulses from arthropods do not necessarily translate to NPP, supporting the view that ephemeral nutrient pulses can be attenuated relatively quickly despite being relatively large in magnitude.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heikki Setälä
- Ecosystems and Environment Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental SciencesUniversity of HelsinkiLahtiFinland
| | - Katalin Szlavecz
- Department of Earth and Planetary SciencesJohns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Jamie D. Pullen
- Smithsonian Environmental Research CenterEdgewaterMarylandUSA
| | - John D. Parker
- Smithsonian Environmental Research CenterEdgewaterMarylandUSA
| | - Yumei Huang
- College of Landscape ArchitectureSichuan Agricultural UniversityChengduChina
| | - Chih‐Han Chang
- Department of Life ScienceNational Taiwan UniversityTaipeiTaiwan,Institute of Ecology and Evolutionary BiologyNational Taiwan UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
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10
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Balogh S, Mulvaney K, Merrill N, Piscopo A. A Dynamic Modeling Approach to Estimate Nitrogen Loading in Coastal Bays on Cape Cod, Massachusetts, USA. WATER 2022; 14:1-23. [PMID: 36405532 PMCID: PMC9671130 DOI: 10.3390/w14101529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Solving estuarine water quality problems on Cape Cod, Massachusetts, or elsewhere, is difficult. Nitrogen from septic systems takes years to decades to travel by groundwater to estuaries, depending on local hydrogeology, meaning that nitrogen loading in future years may exceed current conditions. We created a dynamic nitrogen model of Cape Cod’s 54 estuaries to better understand 1. how past and present conditions, including legacy nitrogen in groundwater, influence future nitrogen loading, and 2. how different development and nitrogen abatement scenarios could have additional effects. We find that 43 of 54 estuaries are not in equilibrium with current watershed nitrogen loading levels; this increases to 52 of 54 under a buildout scenario. Watersheds contain up to 1000 tons of legacy nitrogen in groundwater; yet, we find that a rapid investment in source control successfully reduces nitrogen loading, revealing a wide range of potential outcomes that depend ultimately on the resources and attention invested in the problem.
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11
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Shih JS, Driscoll CT, Burtraw D, Shen H, Smith RA, Keyes A, Lambert KF, Chen Y, Russell AG. Energy policy and coastal water quality: An integrated energy, air and water quality modeling approach. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 816:151593. [PMID: 34808177 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Federal policy changes in the management of carbon emissions from power plants offer a potent real-world example for examining air-land-water interactions and their implications for coastal water quality. We integrate models of energy (Integrated Planning Model (IPM)), air quality (Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) and water quality (SPAtially Referenced Regression On Watershed attributes (SPARROW)) to investigate the potential water quality impacts of policy-driven changes in total nitrogen deposition in watersheds draining to US coastal areas. We estimate the combined effects of three recently proposed energy policy scenarios, population growth, and climate change. We decompose the combined effects into the roles of the individual components on the supply of riverine nitrogen for the entire US and eight coastal regions. We find that population growth is the most important driver of changes in coastal nitrogen flux. Energy policies play a minor role in offsetting the negative effects of population growth, although the effect varies by energy policy and region. The greatest population and policy effects are projected for the Gulf of Mexico. Given limited reductions in nitrogen emissions and deposition associated with energy policies, the net effect of policy and population changes is an increase in total nitrogen flux to all estuaries relative to the 2010 baseline. While population growth increases flux, and energy policies decrease flux in all regions, climate change can either increase or decrease flux depending on the region. That is because the relatively large individual effects of temperature and precipitation on watershed nitrogen processes work in opposing directions. The net result of the offsetting nature of individual climate processes varies in both magnitude and direction by coastal region. Further research is needed to sort out individual temperature and precipitation effects in different regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jhih-Shyang Shih
- Resources for the Future, 1616 P Street NW, Washington, DC 20036, United States of America.
| | - Charles T Driscoll
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244, United States of America.
| | - Dallas Burtraw
- Resources for the Future, 1616 P Street NW, Washington, DC 20036, United States of America.
| | - Huizhong Shen
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, United States of America.
| | | | - Amelia Keyes
- Resources for the Future, 1616 P Street NW, Washington, DC 20036, United States of America.
| | - Kathy Fallon Lambert
- Center for Climate, Health and the Global Environment, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02215, United States of America.
| | - Yilin Chen
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, United States of America.
| | - Armstead G Russell
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, United States of America.
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Repurposing anaerobic digestate for economical biomanufacturing and water recovery. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 106:1419-1434. [PMID: 35122155 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-022-11804-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Due to mounting impacts of climate change, particularly increased incidence of drought, hence water scarcity, it has become imperative to develop new technologies for recovering water from nutrient-rich, water-replete effluents other than sewage. Notably, anaerobic digestate could be harnessed for the purpose of water recovery by repurposing digestate-borne minerals as nutrients in fermentative processes. The high concentrations of ammonium, phosphate, sulfate, and metals in anaerobic digestate are veritable microbial nutrients that could be harnessed for bio-production of bulk and specialty chemicals. Tethering nutrient sequestration from anaerobic digestate to bio-product accumulation offers promise for concomitant water recovery, bio-chemical production, and possible phosphate recovery. In this review, we explore the potential of anaerobic digestate as a nutrient source and as a buffering agent in fermentative production of glutamine, glutamate, fumarate, lactate, and succinate. Additionally, we discuss the potential of synthetic biology as a tool for enhancing nutrient removal from anaerobic digestate and for expanding the range of products derivable from digestate-based fermentations. Strategies that harness the nutrients in anaerobic digestate with bio-product accumulation and water recovery could have far-reaching implications on sustainable management of nutrient-rich manure, tannery, and fish processing effluents that also contain high amounts of water. KEY POINTS: • Anaerobic digestate may serve as a source of nutrients in fermentation. • Use of digestate in fermentation would lead to the recovery of valuable water.
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Hu C, Liu Z, Xiong K, Lyu X, Li Y, Zhang R. Characteristics of and Influencing Factors of Hydrochemistry and Carbon/Nitrogen Variation in the Huangzhouhe River Basin, a World Natural Heritage Site. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph182413169. [PMID: 34948779 PMCID: PMC8701991 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182413169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In karst areas, the characteristics of water chemistry and carbon and nitrogen are of great significance to basic research. The contents of Ca2+, Mg2+, K+, Na+, HCO3-, SO42-, NO3-, Cl-, dissolved organic carbon (DOC), and total nitrogen (TN) in water samples from 18 rivers and 14 springs in the Huangzhouhe River Basin were determined. The results showed that the water chemistry type in the Huangzhouhe River Basin is HCO3-Ca-Mg. The chemical composition is mainly affected by dolomite weathering and also by ion exchange and other human activities. The river and spring DIC remain at the same level in the upper and middle reaches and decrease in the lower reaches. The NO3-N and TN of river water and TN of spring water increase in the middle reaches, while NO3-N of spring water decreases in the lower reaches. The DOC in the basin increases with the increase of SO42- and Cl-, mainly due to the human influence of agricultural and domestic sewage. In the basin, the NO3-N and TN in spring water are larger, and the DOC in river water is larger, mainly because there are more phytoplankton and human activities in the river water. The carbon and nitrogen in the Huangzhouhe River Basin are mainly HCO3- and NO3- ions. The evaluation of pH, Cl-, NO3-N, SO42-, and TDS shows that the water quality is good and the ecological environment is good.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenpeng Hu
- School of Karst Science, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550001, China; (C.H.); (Z.L.); (X.L.); (Y.L.); (R.Z.)
- State Engineering Technology Institute for Karst Desertification Control, Guiyang 550001, China
| | - Ziqi Liu
- School of Karst Science, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550001, China; (C.H.); (Z.L.); (X.L.); (Y.L.); (R.Z.)
- State Engineering Technology Institute for Karst Desertification Control, Guiyang 550001, China
| | - Kangning Xiong
- School of Karst Science, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550001, China; (C.H.); (Z.L.); (X.L.); (Y.L.); (R.Z.)
- State Engineering Technology Institute for Karst Desertification Control, Guiyang 550001, China
- Correspondence:
| | - Xiaoxi Lyu
- School of Karst Science, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550001, China; (C.H.); (Z.L.); (X.L.); (Y.L.); (R.Z.)
- State Engineering Technology Institute for Karst Desertification Control, Guiyang 550001, China
| | - Yuan Li
- School of Karst Science, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550001, China; (C.H.); (Z.L.); (X.L.); (Y.L.); (R.Z.)
- State Engineering Technology Institute for Karst Desertification Control, Guiyang 550001, China
| | - Renkai Zhang
- School of Karst Science, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550001, China; (C.H.); (Z.L.); (X.L.); (Y.L.); (R.Z.)
- State Engineering Technology Institute for Karst Desertification Control, Guiyang 550001, China
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Kennedy CD, Hoekstra BR. Measuring and modeling nitrogen export from cranberry farms. Ecosphere 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.3686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Casey D. Kennedy
- USDA‐ARS Pasture Systems and Watershed Management Research Unit One State Bog Rd. East Wareham Massachusetts 02538 USA
| | - Benjamin R. Hoekstra
- University of Massachusetts Amherst Cranberry Station One State Bog Rd. East Wareham Massachusetts 02538 USA
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15
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Nitrogen Fertilization, Stand Age, and Overstory Tree Species Impact the Herbaceous Layer in a Central Appalachian Hardwood Forest. FORESTS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/f12070829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Research Highlights: Herb-layer community composition, abundance, species richness, and Shannon–Wiener diversity index are shaped by nitrogen fertilization, disturbance history, and the overstory tree species in its immediate vicinity. Background and Objectives: While the herbaceous layer in deciduous forests is increasingly recognized for its importance in various aspects of forest ecosystem function, this study sought to describe the factors impacting the herbaceous layer. Specifically, this study’s objective was to quantify and compare herb-layer species composition, cover, and other community indices in watersheds with (a) different levels of N deposition, (b) different stand ages due to differing disturbance histories, and (c) different watershed aspects. This study also tested the hypothesis that herb-layer characteristics vary beneath tree species with contrasting nutrient dynamics (i.e., red and sugar maple). Materials and Methods: At the Fernow Experimental Forest in West Virginia (USA), the cover of all herb-layer species was recorded directly under nine red maple and nine sugar maple trees in each of four watersheds (WS): long-term fertilized WS3 and unfertilized WS7, both with a stand age of about 50 years, and two unmanaged watersheds with 110-year-old stands and opposite watershed aspects (south-facing WS10, north-facing WS13). Community composition and plot-level indices of diversity were evaluated with multivariate analysis and ANOVA for watershed-level differences, effects of the maple species, and other environmental factors. Results: In the fertilized watershed (WS3), herb-layer diversity indices were lower than in the unfertilized watershed of the same stand age (WS7). In the unfertilized watershed with the 50-year-old stand (WS7), herb-layer diversity indices were higher than in the watershed with the 110-year-old stand of the same watershed aspect (WS13). WS10 and WS13 had similar herb-layer characteristics despite opposite watershed aspects. The presence of sugar maple corresponded to higher cover and diversity indices of the herb-layer in some of the watersheds. Conclusions: Despite the limitations of a case study, these findings bear relevance to future forest management since the forest herb layer plays important roles in deciduous forests through its influence on nutrient cycling, productivity, and overstory regeneration.
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Merrill NH, Piscopo AN, Balogh S, Furey RP, Mulvaney KK. When, where, and how to intervene? Trade-offs between time and costs in coastal nutrient management. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION 2021; 57:328-343. [PMID: 35153467 PMCID: PMC8827406 DOI: 10.1111/1752-1688.12897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Policies and regulations designed to address nutrient pollution in coastal waters are often complicated by delays in environmental and social systems. Social and political inertia may delay implementation of cleanup projects, and even after the best nutrient pollution management practices are developed and implemented, long groundwater travel times may delay the impact of inland or upstream interventions. These delays and the varying costs of nutrient removal alternatives used to meet water quality goals combine to create a complex dynamic decision problem with trade-offs about when, where, and how to intervene. We use multi-objective optimization to quantify the trade-offs between costs and minimizing the time to meet in-bay nutrient reduction goals represented as a Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL). We calculate the impact of using in-bay (in-situ) nutrient removal through shellfish aquaculture relative to waiting for traditional source control to be implemented. We apply these methods to the Three Bays Watershed in Cape Cod, Massachusetts. In gross benefit terms, not accounting for any social costs, this equates to an average value of 37¢ (2035 TMDL target date) and 11¢ (2060 TMDL target date) per animal harvested over the plan implementation period. Our results encourage the consideration of alternative and in-situ approaches to tackle coastal pollution while traditional source control is implemented and its effects realized over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathaniel H Merrill
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (Merrill, Balogh, Furey, Mulvaney), Office of Research and Development, Center for Environmental Measurement and Modeling, Atlantic Coastal Environmental Sciences Division, Narragansett, Rhode Island, USA. Northeast Water Solutions, Inc (Piscopo), Rhode Island, USA
| | - Amy N Piscopo
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (Merrill, Balogh, Furey, Mulvaney), Office of Research and Development, Center for Environmental Measurement and Modeling, Atlantic Coastal Environmental Sciences Division, Narragansett, Rhode Island, USA. Northeast Water Solutions, Inc (Piscopo), Rhode Island, USA
| | - Stephen Balogh
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (Merrill, Balogh, Furey, Mulvaney), Office of Research and Development, Center for Environmental Measurement and Modeling, Atlantic Coastal Environmental Sciences Division, Narragansett, Rhode Island, USA. Northeast Water Solutions, Inc (Piscopo), Rhode Island, USA
| | - Ryan P Furey
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (Merrill, Balogh, Furey, Mulvaney), Office of Research and Development, Center for Environmental Measurement and Modeling, Atlantic Coastal Environmental Sciences Division, Narragansett, Rhode Island, USA. Northeast Water Solutions, Inc (Piscopo), Rhode Island, USA
| | - Kate K Mulvaney
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (Merrill, Balogh, Furey, Mulvaney), Office of Research and Development, Center for Environmental Measurement and Modeling, Atlantic Coastal Environmental Sciences Division, Narragansett, Rhode Island, USA. Northeast Water Solutions, Inc (Piscopo), Rhode Island, USA
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17
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Land Cover Effects on Selected Nutrient Compounds in Small Lowland Agricultural Catchments. LAND 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/land10020182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The influence of landscape on nutrient dynamics in rivers constitutes an important research issue because of its significance with regard to water and land management. In the current study spatial and temporal variability of N-NO3 and P-PO4 concentrations and their landscape dependence was documented in the Świder River catchment in central Poland. From April 2019 to March 2020, water samples were collected from fourteen streams in the monthly timescale and the concentrations of N-NO3 and P-PO4 were correlated with land cover metrics based on the Corine Land Cover 2018 and Sentinel 2 Global Land Cover datasets. It was documented that agricultural lands and forests have a clear seasonal impact on N-NO3 concentrations, whereas the effect of meadows was weak and its direction was dependent on the dataset. The application of buffer zones metrics increased the correlation performance, whereas Euclidean distance scaling improved correlation mainly for forest datasets. The concentration of P-PO4 was not significantly related with land cover metrics, as their dynamics were driven mainly by hydrological conditions. The obtained results provided a new insight into landscape–water quality relationships in lowland agricultural landscape, with a special focus on evaluating the predictive performance of different land cover metrics and datasets.
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Hamann E, Blevins C, Franks SJ, Jameel MI, Anderson JT. Climate change alters plant-herbivore interactions. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 229:1894-1910. [PMID: 33111316 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Plant-herbivore interactions have evolved in response to coevolutionary dynamics, along with selection driven by abiotic conditions. We examine how abiotic factors influence trait expression in both plants and herbivores to evaluate how climate change will alter this long-standing interaction. The paleontological record documents increased herbivory during periods of global warming in the deep past. In phylogenetically corrected meta-analyses, we find that elevated temperatures, CO2 concentrations, drought stress and nutrient conditions directly and indirectly induce greater food consumption by herbivores. Additionally, elevated CO2 delays herbivore development, but increased temperatures accelerate development. For annual plants, higher temperatures, CO2 and drought stress increase foliar herbivory. Our meta-analysis also suggests that greater temperatures and drought may heighten florivory in perennials. Human actions are causing concurrent shifts in CO2 , temperature, precipitation regimes and nitrogen deposition, yet few studies evaluate interactions among these changing conditions. We call for additional multifactorial studies that simultaneously manipulate multiple climatic factors, which will enable us to generate more robust predictions of how climate change could disrupt plant-herbivore interactions. Finally, we consider how shifts in insect and plant phenology and distribution patterns could lead to ecological mismatches, and how these changes may drive future adaptation and coevolution between interacting species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Hamann
- Department of Genetics and Odum School of Ecology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Fordham University, Bronx, NY, 10458, USA
| | - Cameron Blevins
- Department of Genetics and Odum School of Ecology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Steven J Franks
- Department of Biological Sciences, Fordham University, Bronx, NY, 10458, USA
| | - M Inam Jameel
- Department of Genetics and Odum School of Ecology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Jill T Anderson
- Department of Genetics and Odum School of Ecology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
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周 钧. Research Progress on the Effect of Nitrogen Addition on Main Functional Characters of Early Spring Herbaceous Plants. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ECOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.12677/ije.2021.101014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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20
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Chen CY, Buckman KL, Shaw A, Curtis A, Taylor M, Montesdeoca M, Driscoll C. The influence of nutrient loading on methylmercury availability in Long Island estuaries. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 268:115510. [PMID: 33221612 PMCID: PMC8410480 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/23/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Estuaries provide critical habitat for food webs supporting fish and shellfish consumed by humans, but estuarine ecosystem health has been threatened by increases in nitrogen loading as well as inputs of the neurotoxin, mercury (Hg), which biomagnifies in food webs and poses risk to humans and wildlife. In this study, the effects of nutrient loading on the fate of Hg in shallow coastal estuaries were examined to evaluate if their interaction enhances or reduces Hg bioavailability in sediments, the water column, and concentrations in lower trophic level fish (Fundulus heteroclitus and Menidia menidia). Multiple sites were sampled within two human impacted coastal lagoons, Great South Bay (GSB) and Jamaica Bay (JB), on the southern coast of Long Island, NY, United States of America (U.S.A.). Carbon (C), nitrogen (N), sulfur (S), Hg, and methylmercury (MeHg) were measured in surface sediments and the water column, and total Hg (THg) was measured in two species of forage fish. Minimal differences were found in dissolved and particulate Hg, dissolved organic carbon (DOC), and salinity between the two bays. Across lagoons, concentrations of chlorophyll-a were correlated with total suspended solids (TSS), and water column THg and MeHg was largely associated with the particulate fraction. Methylmercury concentrations in particulates decreased with increasing TSS and chlorophyll-a, evidence of biomass dilution of MeHg with increasing productivity at the base of the food chain. Water column Hg was associated with THg concentrations in Atlantic silversides, while mummichog THg concentrations were related to sediment concentrations, reflecting their different feeding strategies. Finally, higher nutrient loading (lower C:N in sediments) while related to lower particulate concentrations coincided with higher bioaccumulation factors (BAF) for Hg in both fish species. Thus, in shallow coastal lagoons, increased nutrient loading resulted in decreased Hg concentrations at the base of the food web but resulted in greater bioaccumulation of Hg to fish relative to its availability in algal food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celia Y Chen
- Department of Biological Sciences, Dartmouth College, 78 College Street, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA.
| | - Kate L Buckman
- Department of Biological Sciences, Dartmouth College, 78 College Street, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA
| | - Amy Shaw
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Syracuse University, 151 Link Hall, Syracuse, NY, 13244, USA
| | - Amanda Curtis
- Department of Biological Sciences, Dartmouth College, 78 College Street, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA
| | - Mariah Taylor
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Syracuse University, 151 Link Hall, Syracuse, NY, 13244, USA
| | - Mario Montesdeoca
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Syracuse University, 151 Link Hall, Syracuse, NY, 13244, USA
| | - Charles Driscoll
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Syracuse University, 151 Link Hall, Syracuse, NY, 13244, USA
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21
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Evaluation of AnnAGNPS Model for Runoff Simulation on Watersheds from Glaciated Landscape of USA Midwest and Northeast. WATER 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/w12123525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Runoff modeling of glaciated watersheds is required to predict runoff for water supply, aquatic ecosystem management and flood prediction, and to deal with questions concerning the impact of climate and land use change on the hydrological system and watershed export of contaminants of glaciated watersheds. A widely used pollutant loading model, Annualized Agricultural Non-Point Source Pollution (AnnAGNPS) was applied to simulate runoff from three watersheds in glaciated geomorphic settings. The objective of this study was to evaluate the suitability of the AnnAGNPS model in glaciated landscapes for the prediction of runoff volume. The study area included Sugar Creek watershed, Indiana; Fall Creek watershed, New York; and Pawcatuck River watershed, Rhode Island, USA. The AnnAGNPS model was developed, calibrated and validated for runoff estimation for these watersheds. The daily and monthly calibration and validation statistics (NSE > 0.50 and RSR < 0.70, and PBIAS ± 25%) of the developed model were satisfactory for runoff simulation for all the studied watersheds. Once AnnAGNPS successfully simulated runoff, a parameter sensitivity analysis was carried out for runoff simulation in all three watersheds. The output from our hydrological models applied to glaciated areas will provide the capacity to couple edge-of-field hydrologic modeling with the examination of riparian or riverine functions and behaviors.
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Jabran K, Doğan MN. Elevated CO 2 , temperature and nitrogen levels impact growth and development of invasive weeds in the Mediterranean region. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2020; 100:4893-4900. [PMID: 32478435 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.10550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2019] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Invasive plant species present a serious threat to the environment, as well as human and animal health. An interaction may exist between the climatic changes and invasive plant species. In this 2-year study, we investigated the effects of warming, CO2 and nitrogen application on the biomass, growth and leaf tissue nitrogen concentration of three invasive weed species. Treatments were: (i) simulated (elevated) CO2 (approximately 800-900 ppm); (ii) warming or high temperature (day/night 25/15 °C); (iii) simulated (elevated) CO2 combined with high temperature (CO2 = approximately 800-900 ppm; temperature day/night 25/15 °C); and (iv) control conditions (CO2 = approximately 400-450 ppm; temperature day/night 20/10 °C). The doses of nitrogen were: (i) 0 kg ha-1 (control; low); (ii) 60 kg ha-1 (medium); and (iii) 120 kg ha-1 (high). RESULTS Elevated CO2 and elevated CO2 combined with high temperature improved biomass and the growth of the tested invasive weed species: Lactuca serriola L., Hordeum murinum L. and Bromus tectorum L. Nitrogen application had little effect on grasses, whereas the broadleaved weed mostly had a positive response to nitrogen application. Invasive weed species were generally negatively or neutrally affected by warming. CONCLUSION The results of the present study demonstrate that nitrogen fertilization under different climatic conditions improved few of the parameters, whereas elevated CO2 promoted most of the growth parameters of invasive weeds. Overall, is it concluded that these weeds will be more invasive under climate change conditions. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khawar Jabran
- Department of Plant Protection, Adnan Menderes University, Aydin, Turkey
- Department of Plant Production and Technologies, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technologies, Niğde Ömer Halisdemir University, Niğde, Turkey
| | - Mehmet N Doğan
- Department of Plant Protection, Adnan Menderes University, Aydin, Turkey
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23
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Li J, Yang C, Zhou H, Shao X. Responses of plant diversity and soil microorganism diversity to water and nitrogen additions in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. Glob Ecol Conserv 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gecco.2020.e01003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Du Y, Deng Y, Ma T, Xu Y, Tao Y, Huang Y, Liu R, Wang Y. Enrichment of Geogenic Ammonium in Quaternary Alluvial-Lacustrine Aquifer Systems: Evidence from Carbon Isotopes and DOM Characteristics. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:6104-6114. [PMID: 32356982 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c00131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Geogenic ammonium in groundwater owing to mineralization of natural organic matter (NOM) has been reported in different geologic settings, but detailed mechanisms responsible for high ammonium concentration levels are poorly understood. To this end, we chose Quaternary high ammonium aquifer systems in central Yangtze River basins and used carbon isotopes in both dissolved organic carbon and inorganic carbon together with characterization of dissolved organic matter (DOM) and groundwater chemistry to reveal mechanisms related to the genesis of ammonium. The results indicate that high levels of geogenic ammonium (up to 33.50 mg/L as N) occur due to long-term water-rock interactions in a relatively sluggish hydrogeological environment with abundant organic matter that is rich in both C and N. The stable carbon isotope data suggest that ammonium in the groundwater is released from intensive degradation of organic matter with higher contents of ammonium associated with methanogenesis. The optical signatures of DOM indicate ammonium in the groundwater is mostly associated with terrestrial humic-like components rather than protein-like components. Molecular characterization of DOM by Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR-MS) shows that, compared to low ammonium groundwater, high ammonium groundwater has larger mass weights, greater abundance of CHO+N compounds, higher percentages of lignin- and condensed-hydrocarbon-like components, lower H/C ratios, higher nominal oxidation state of carbon (NOSC) values and more double bonds, rings, and aromatic structures. Strong degradation of NOM and preferential utilization of energetically more favorable, terrestrial humic-like components (lignin-like as the main class) with high NOSC values facilitates the formation of high ammonium groundwater. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first effort to use carbon isotopes and DOM characteristics to identify enrichment mechanisms for geogenic ammonium in alluvial-lacustrine aquifer systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Du
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Yamin Deng
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Teng Ma
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Yu Xu
- Geological Survey Institute, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Yanqiu Tao
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Yanwen Huang
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Rui Liu
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Yanxin Wang
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
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Jabbar FK, Grote K. Evaluation of the predictive reliability of a new watershed health assessment method using the SWAT model. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2020; 192:224. [PMID: 32152830 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-020-8182-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of watershed assessments is to give information about conditions of water quality, stream morphology, and biological integrity to identify the sources of stressors and their impacts. In recent decades, different watershed assessment methods have been developed to evaluate the cumulative impacts of human activities on watershed health and the condition of aquatic systems. In the current research, we propose a new approach for assessing watershed vulnerability to contamination based on spatial analysis by using geographic information systems (GIS) and the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) technique. This new procedure, designed to identify vulnerable zones, depends on six basic factors that represent watershed characteristics: land use/land cover, soil type, average annual precipitation, slope, depth to groundwater, and bedrock type. The general assumptions for assessing watershed vulnerability are based on the response of watersheds to different contamination impacts and how the six selected factors interact to affect watershed health. The new watershed vulnerability assessment technique was used to create maps showing the relative vulnerabilities of specific sub-watersheds in the Eagle Creek Watershed in central Indiana. The results showed a remarkable difference in watershed susceptibility between the sub-watersheds in their vulnerability to pollution. To test the reliability of the proposed vulnerability assessment technique, the SWAT (Soil and Water Assessment Tool) model was applied to predict the water quality in each sub-watershed. Using the SWAT model, some parameters (e.g., total suspended solids [TSS] and nitrate) were tested based on the availability of the data needed for comparison. Both the SWAT and the newly proposed method produced good results in predicting water quality loads, which validated the proposed method. Hence, the results of the evaluation of the predictive reliability of the watershed vulnerability assessment method revealed that the proposed approach is suitable as a decision-making tool to predict watershed health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fadhil K Jabbar
- Department of Geosciences and Geological and Petroleum Engineering, Missouri University of Science and Technology, McNutt Hall, 1400 N. Bishop Ave, Rolla, MO, 65401, USA.
- College of Science, University of Misan, Amarah, Iraq.
| | - Katherine Grote
- Department of Geosciences and Geological and Petroleum Engineering, Missouri University of Science and Technology, McNutt Hall, 1400 N. Bishop Ave, Rolla, MO, 65401, USA
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Perry ES, Smith SN, Mulvaney KK. Designing Solutions for Clean Water on Cape Cod: Engaging Communities to Improve Decision Making. OCEAN & COASTAL MANAGEMENT 2020; 183:10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2019.104998. [PMID: 34121820 PMCID: PMC8193831 DOI: 10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2019.104998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Many of the remaining mechanisms for reducing land-based nitrogen release in coastal communities depend on behavior change, social acceptance, and public support of localized mitigation programs. These needs necessitate appropriate and effective stakeholder engagement. Cape Cod, Massachusetts, USA, is one example of an area undergoing significant local, regional, state and federal decision-making processes to address nitrogen impacts on coastal waterbodies through an update to its Area Wide Water Quality Management Plan (208 Plan). The 208 Plan Update seeks to support mitigation of nitrogen pollution and restore estuarine health through active community engagement with elected officials, town staff, citizens, and other stakeholders across its 53 embayment watersheds, 35 of which are deemed impaired. With an economy deeply tied to the environment, the region is in the difficult position of needing to make significant infrastructure investments to maintain its reputation for high quality coastal waters. It is the first region in the United States to undergo an extensive revisit of its Area Wide Water Quality Management Plan developed pursuant to Section 208of the federal Clean Water Act for the purpose of addressing nitrogen. The community engagement process for the 208 Plan Update set forth to 1) understand the range of perspectives regarding the extent of the nitrogen impacts as well as the possible solutions, 2) ensure two-way communication of available information, and 3) build trust through a transparent process. The process specifically applied a number of different mechanisms for community engagement which enabled progress in addressing nitrogen management needs. The process helped to determine and address barriers to successful implementation of nitrogen mitigation plans and resulted in a framework for watershed-based planning that relies on regional coordination and supports local selection of mitigation strategies. As a result, communities in the region are developing innovative cross-municipal partnerships and committing to fund infrastructure necessary to decrease nitrogen loading to coastal embayments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin S. Perry
- Cape Cod Commission, Barnstable, Massachusetts, USA
- Corresponding author, Cape Cod Commission, 3225 Main St, Barnstable, Massachusetts, 02630, USA,
| | | | - Kate K. Mulvaney
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Atlantic Ecology Division, Narragansett, Rhode Island, USA
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Martin DM, Piscopo AN, Chintala MM, Gleason TR, Berry W. Structured Decision Making to Meet a National Water Quality Mandate. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION 2019; 55:1116-1129. [PMID: 33551634 PMCID: PMC7859890 DOI: 10.1111/1752-1688.12754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 03/31/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Water quality criteria are necessary to ensure protection of ecological and human health conditions, but compliance can require complex decisions. We use structured decision making to consider multiple stakeholder objectives in a water quality management process, with a case study in the Three Bays watershed on Cape Cod, Massachusetts. We set a goal to meet or exceed a nitrogen load reduction target for the watershed and four key objectives: minimizing economic costs of implementing management actions, minimizing the complexity of permitting management actions, maximizing stakeholder acceptability of the management actions, and maximizing the provision of ecosystem services (recreational opportunity, erosion and flood control, socio-cultural amenity). We used multi-objective optimization and sensitivity analysis to generate many possible solutions that implement different combinations of nitrogen-removing management actions and reflect tradeoffs between the objectives. Results show that technological advances in controlling household nitrogen sources could provide lower cost solutions and positive impacts to ecosystem services. Although this approach is demonstrated with Cape Cod data, the decision-making process is not specific to any watershed and could be easily applied elsewhere.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M Martin
- National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Narragansett, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Amy N Piscopo
- National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Narragansett, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Marnita M Chintala
- National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Narragansett, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Timothy R Gleason
- National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Narragansett, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Walter Berry
- National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Narragansett, Rhode Island, USA
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Ahmed W, Tian X, Delatolla R. Nitrifying moving bed biofilm reactor: Performance at low temperatures and response to cold-shock. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 229:295-302. [PMID: 31078886 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.04.176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Revised: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In contrast with suspended growth systems, attached growth technologies such as the moving bed biofilm reactors (MBBR) have recently demonstrated significant nitrification rates at temperatures as low as 1 °C. The purpose of this study was to investigate the performance of the nitrifying MBBR system at elevated municipal concentrations with exposures to low temperatures and cold-shock conditions down to 1 °C using an enhanced temperature-controlled room. A removal rate of 98.44 ± 4.69 gN·m-3·d-1 was identified as the intrinsic rate of nitrifying MBBR systems at 1 °C and was proposed as the conservative rate for low temperature design. A temperature threshold at which attached growth nitrification displayed a significant decrease in kinetics was identified between 2 °C and 4 °C. Arrhenius correction coefficients of 1.086 and 1.09 previously applied for low temperature nitrifying MBBR systems resulted in conservative modeled removal rates on average 21% lower than the measured rates. Thus, an Arrhenius correction coefficient of 1.049 is proposed between the temperatures of 10 °C and 4 °C and another correction coefficient of 1.149 to model rates at 1 °C. For the transition from 4 °C to 1 °C, the adjustment of a previously reported Theta model is proposed in this study to account for exposure time at low temperatures; with the modified model showing strong correlation with measured rates (R2 = 0.88). Finally, a comparison of nitrification kinetics between MBBR systems acclimatized to 1 °C and systems that are cold-shocked to 1 °C demonstrated that shocked removal rates are 21% lower.
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Affiliation(s)
- Warsama Ahmed
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, 161 Louis Pasteur, K1N 6N5, Canada.
| | - Xin Tian
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, 161 Louis Pasteur, K1N 6N5, Canada.
| | - Robert Delatolla
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, 161 Louis Pasteur, K1N 6N5, Canada.
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Clark CM, Simkin SM, Allen EB, Bowman WD, Belnap J, Brooks ML, Collins SL, Geiser LH, Gilliam FS, Jovan SE, Pardo LH, Schulz BK, Stevens CJ, Suding KN, Throop HL, Waller DM. Potential vulnerability of 348 herbaceous species to atmospheric deposition of nitrogen and sulfur in the United States. NATURE PLANTS 2019; 5:697-705. [PMID: 31263243 PMCID: PMC10790282 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-019-0442-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Atmospheric nitrogen and sulfur pollution increased over much of the United States during the twentieth century from fossil fuel combustion and industrial agriculture. Despite recent declines, nitrogen and sulfur deposition continue to affect many plant communities in the United States, although which species are at risk remains uncertain. We used species composition data from >14,000 survey sites across the contiguous United States to evaluate the association between nitrogen and sulfur deposition and the probability of occurrence for 348 herbaceous species. We found that the probability of occurrence for 70% of species was negatively associated with nitrogen or sulfur deposition somewhere in the contiguous United States (56% for N, 51% for S). Of the species, 15% and 51% potentially decreased at all nitrogen and sulfur deposition rates, respectively, suggesting thresholds below the minimum deposition they receive. Although more species potentially increased than decreased with nitrogen deposition, increasers tended to be introduced and decreasers tended to be higher-value native species. More vulnerable species tended to be shorter with lower tissue nitrogen and magnesium. These relationships constitute predictive equations to estimate critical loads. These results demonstrate that many herbaceous species may be at risk from atmospheric deposition and can inform improvements to air quality policies in the United States and globally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher M Clark
- National Center for Environmental Assessment, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC, USA.
| | - Samuel M Simkin
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology and INSTAAR, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
- National Ecological Observatory Network, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Edith B Allen
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - William D Bowman
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology and INSTAAR, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Jayne Belnap
- Southwest Biological Science Center, US Geological Survey, Moab, UT, USA
| | - Matthew L Brooks
- Western Ecological Research Center, US Geological Survey, Oakhurst, CA, USA
| | - Scott L Collins
- Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Linda H Geiser
- Washington Office-Water, Fish, Wildlife, Air & Rare Plants, USDA Forest Service, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Frank S Gilliam
- Department of Biology, University of West Florida, Pensacola, FL, USA
| | - Sarah E Jovan
- Forest Inventory and Analysis Program, USDA Forest Service, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Linda H Pardo
- Northern Research Station, USDA Forest Service, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Bethany K Schulz
- Forest Inventory and Analysis Program, USDA Forest Service, Anchorage, AK, USA
| | - Carly J Stevens
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
| | - Katharine N Suding
- Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, USA
| | - Heather L Throop
- School of Earth and Space Exploration, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Donald M Waller
- Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
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Clark CM, Richkus J, Jones PW, Phelan J, Burns DA, de Vries W, Du E, Fenn ME, Jones L, Watmough SA. A synthesis of ecosystem management strategies for forests in the face of chronic nitrogen deposition. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 248:1046-1058. [PMID: 31091637 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2018] [Revised: 01/27/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Total nitrogen (N) deposition has declined in many parts of the U.S. and Europe since the 1990s. Even so, it appears that decreased N deposition alone may be insufficient to induce recovery from the impacts of decades of elevated deposition, suggesting that management interventions may be necessary to promote recovery. Here we review the effectiveness of four remediation approaches (prescribed burning, thinning, liming, carbon addition) on three indicators of recovery from N deposition (decreased soil N availability, increased soil alkalinity, increased plant diversity), focusing on literature from the U.S. We reviewed papers indexed in the Web of Science since 1996 using specific key words, extracted data on the responses to treatment along with ancillary data, and conducted a meta-analysis using a three-level variance model structure. We found 69 publications (and 2158 responses) that focused on one of these remediation treatments in the context of N deposition, but only 29 publications (and 408 responses) reported results appropriate for our meta-analysis. We found that carbon addition was the only treatment that decreased N availability (effect size: -1.80 to -1.84 across metrics), while liming, thinning, and prescribed burning all tended to increase N availability (effect sizes: +0.4 to +1.2). Only liming had a significant positive effect on soil alkalinity (+10.5%-82.2% across metrics). Only prescribed burning and thinning affected plant diversity, but with opposing and often statistically marginal effects across metrics (i.e., increased richness, decreased Shannon or Simpson diversity). Thus, it appears that no single treatment is effective in promoting recovery from N deposition, and combinations of treatments should be explored. These conclusions are based on the limited published data available, underscoring the need for more studies in forested areas and more consistent reporting suitable for meta-analyses across studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher M Clark
- US Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, National Center for Environmental Assessment, Washington, DC, 20460, USA.
| | - Jennifer Richkus
- RTI International, 3040 East Cornwallis Rd, P.O. Box 12194, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA
| | - Phillip W Jones
- RTI International, 3040 East Cornwallis Rd, P.O. Box 12194, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA
| | - Jennifer Phelan
- RTI International, 3040 East Cornwallis Rd, P.O. Box 12194, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA
| | - Douglas A Burns
- US Geological Survey New York Water Science Center, 425 Jordan Road, Troy, NY, 12180, USA
| | - Wim de Vries
- Wageningen University and Research, Environmental Systems Analysis Group, PO Box 47, 6700AA, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Enzai Du
- State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, School of Natural Resources, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Mark E Fenn
- USDA Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station, 4955 Canyon Crest Drive, Riverside, CA, 92507, USA
| | - Laurence Jones
- Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Environment Centre Wales, Deiniol Rd, Bangor, LL57 2UW, United Kingdom
| | - Shaun A Watmough
- School of the Environment, Trent University, Peterborough, Ontario, K9L 0G2, Canada
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Zhang Y, Foley KM, Schwede DB, Bash JO, Pinto JP, Dennis RL. A Measurement-Model Fusion Approach for Improved Wet Deposition Maps and Trends. JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH. ATMOSPHERES : JGR 2019; 124:4237-4251. [PMID: 31218153 PMCID: PMC6559167 DOI: 10.1029/2018jd029051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Revised: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Air quality models provide spatial fields of wet deposition (WD) and dry deposition that explicitly account for the transport and transformation of emissions from thousands of sources. However, many sources of uncertainty in the air quality model including errors in emissions and meteorological inputs (particularly precipitation) and incomplete descriptions of the chemical and physical processes governing deposition can lead to bias and error in the simulation of WD. We present an approach to bias correct Community Multiscale Air Quality model output over the contiguous United States using observation-based gridded precipitation data generated by the Parameter-elevation Regressions on Independent Slopes Model and WD observations at the National Atmospheric Deposition Program National Trends Network sites. A cross-validation analysis shows that the adjusted annual accumulated WD for NO3 -, NH4 +, and SO4 2- from 2002 to 2012 has less bias and higher correlation with observed values than the base model output without adjustment. Temporal trends in observed WD are captured well by the adjusted model simulations across the entire contiguous United States. Consistent with previous trend analyses, WD NO3 - and SO4 2- are shown to decrease during this period in the eastern half of the United States, particularly in the Northeast, while remaining nearly constant in the West. Trends in WD of NH4 + are more spatially and temporally heterogeneous, with some positive trends in the Great Plains and Central Valley of CA and slightly negative trends in the south.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqiang Zhang
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE)U.S. Environmental Protection AgencyResearch Triangle ParkNCUSA
| | | | | | - Jesse O. Bash
- U.S. Environmental Protection AgencyResearch Triangle ParkNCUSA
| | - Joseph P. Pinto
- Department of Environmental Sciences and EngineeringUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNCUSA
| | - Robin L. Dennis
- U.S. Environmental Protection AgencyResearch Triangle ParkNCUSA
- Retired
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Sebestyen SD, Ross DS, Shanley JB, Elliott EM, Kendall C, Campbell JL, Dail DB, Fernandez IJ, Goodale CL, Lawrence GB, Lovett GM, McHale PJ, Mitchell MJ, Nelson SJ, Shattuck MD, Wickman TR, Barnes RT, Bostic JT, Buda AR, Burns DA, Eshleman KN, Finlay JC, Nelson DM, Ohte N, Pardo LH, Rose LA, Sabo RD, Schiff SL, Spoelstra J, Williard KWJ. Unprocessed Atmospheric Nitrate in Waters of the Northern Forest Region in the U.S. and Canada. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2019; 53:3620-3633. [PMID: 30830765 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b01276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Little is known about the regional extent and variability of nitrate from atmospheric deposition that is transported to streams without biological processing in forests. We measured water chemistry and isotopic tracers (δ18O and δ15N) of nitrate sources across the Northern Forest Region of the U.S. and Canada and reanalyzed data from other studies to determine when, where, and how unprocessed atmospheric nitrate was transported in catchments. These inputs were more widespread and numerous than commonly recognized, but with high spatial and temporal variability. Only 6 of 32 streams had high fractions (>20%) of unprocessed atmospheric nitrate during baseflow. Seventeen had high fractions during stormflow or snowmelt, which corresponded to large fractions in near-surface soil waters or groundwaters, but not deep groundwater. The remaining 10 streams occasionally had some (<20%) unprocessed atmospheric nitrate during stormflow or baseflow. Large, sporadic events may continue to be cryptic due to atmospheric deposition variation among storms and a near complete lack of monitoring for these events. A general lack of observance may bias perceptions of occurrence; sustained monitoring of chronic nitrogen pollution effects on forests with nitrate source apportionments may offer insights needed to advance the science as well as assess regulatory and management schemes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen D Sebestyen
- USDA Forest Service , Northern Research Station , 1831 Highway 169 E , Grand Rapids , Minnesota 55744-3399 , United States
| | - Donald S Ross
- University of Vermont , Dept. of Plant and Soil Science , Burlington , Vermont 05405-1737 , United States
| | - James B Shanley
- U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) , New England Water Science Center , Montpelier , Vermont 05602 , United States
| | - Emily M Elliott
- University of Pittsburgh , Dept. of Geology and Environmental Science , Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania 15260-3332 , United States
| | - Carol Kendall
- USGS , Menlo Park , California 94025 , United States
| | - John L Campbell
- USDA Forest Service , Northern Research Station , Durham , New Hampshire 03824 , United States
| | - D Bryan Dail
- University of Maine , Department of Plant, Soil, and Environmental Science , Orono , Maine 04469 , United States
| | - Ivan J Fernandez
- University of Maine , School of Forest Resources , Orono , Maine 04469 , United States
| | - Christine L Goodale
- Cornell University , Ecology and Evolutionary Biology , Ithaca , New York 14850 , United States
| | | | - Gary M Lovett
- Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies , Millbrook , New York 12545 , United States
| | - Patrick J McHale
- State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry , Department of Environmental and Forest Biology , Syracuse , New York 13210 , United States
| | - Myron J Mitchell
- State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry , Department of Environmental and Forest Biology , Syracuse , New York 13210 , United States
| | - Sarah J Nelson
- University of Maine , School of Forest Resources , Orono , Maine 04469 , United States
| | - Michelle D Shattuck
- University of New Hampshire , Dept. of Natural Resources and the Environment , Durham , New Hampshire 03824 , United States
| | - Trent R Wickman
- USDA Forest Service , National Forest System - Eastern Region , Duluth , Minnesota 55808 , United States
| | - Rebecca T Barnes
- Colorado College , Environmental Program , Colorado Springs , Colorado 80903 , United States
| | - Joel T Bostic
- University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science , Appalachian Laboratory , Frostburg , Maryland 21532 , United States
| | - Anthony R Buda
- USDA Agricultural Research Service , Pasture Systems and Watershed Management Research Unit , University Park , Pennsylvania 16802-3702 , United States
| | - Douglas A Burns
- USGS , NY Water Science Center , Troy , New York 12180 , United States
| | - Keith N Eshleman
- University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science , Appalachian Laboratory , Frostburg , Maryland 21532 , United States
| | - Jacques C Finlay
- University of Minnesota , Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior , St. Paul , Minnesota 55108 , United States
| | - David M Nelson
- University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science , Appalachian Laboratory , Frostburg , Maryland 21532 , United States
| | - Nobuhito Ohte
- Kyoto University , Department of Social Informatics , Kyoto , Kyoto Prefecture 6068501 , Japan
| | - Linda H Pardo
- USDA Forest Service , Northern Research Station , Burlington , Vermont 05405 , United States
| | - Lucy A Rose
- University of Minnesota , Department of Forest Resources , St. Paul , Minnesota 55108 , United States
| | - Robert D Sabo
- USDA Forest Service , Northern Research Station , Burlington , Vermont 05405 , United States
| | - Sherry L Schiff
- University of Waterloo , Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences , Waterloo , Ontario N2L 3G1 , Canada
| | - John Spoelstra
- Environment and Climate Change Canada , Canada Center for Inland Waters , Burlington , Ontario L7S 1A1 , Canada
| | - Karl W J Williard
- Southern Illinois University , Forestry Center for Ecology , Carbondale , Illinois 62901 , United States
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You X, Valderrama C, Cortina JL. Nutrients recovery from treated secondary mainstream in an urban wastewater treatment plant: A financial assessment case study. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 656:902-909. [PMID: 30625676 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.11.420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Revised: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This study presents the financial assessment for implementing an ammonium and phosphate simultaneous recovery process based on the use of calcium activated synthetic zeolites in a large urban Waste Water Treatment Plant (WWTP) located in the Metropolitan Area of Barcelona. A calcium activated synthetic zeolites was selected, after a benchmarking analysis, as it reported capability for simultaneously recover ammonium and phosphate by a combined mechanism of ion exchange for ammonium and formation of insoluble mineral phase for phosphate. The loaded sorbent, rich in ammonium and phosphate, can be used as slow-release fertilizer. Financial indexes such as the net present value, the internal return rate, the return of investment and the payback period were calculated concluding that the integration of a zeolite-based sorption treatment stage in the main stream is economically feasible, with a reasonable payback period. The need, to achieve low-levels of P and N on the discharged waters and the need to develop more sustainable WWTP facilities indicate that the deployment of nutrient recovery solutions will be encouraged. The sensitivity analysis carried out to define the critical parameters of the economic performance of the technology allows concluding that the main variable in the viability of the nutrient recovery unit is related to the nutrients sorbent, both in the cost of purchase and in the market for the sorbent loaded with nutrients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xialei You
- Chemical Engineering Department, UPC-BarcelonaTECH, C/ Eduard Maristany, 10-14 (Campus Diagonal-Besòs), 08930 Barcelona, Spain; Barcelona Research Center for Multiscale Science and Engineering, C/ Eduard Maristany, 10-14 (Campus Diagonal-Besòs), 08930 Barcelona, Spain
| | - César Valderrama
- Chemical Engineering Department, UPC-BarcelonaTECH, C/ Eduard Maristany, 10-14 (Campus Diagonal-Besòs), 08930 Barcelona, Spain; Barcelona Research Center for Multiscale Science and Engineering, C/ Eduard Maristany, 10-14 (Campus Diagonal-Besòs), 08930 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - José Luis Cortina
- Chemical Engineering Department, UPC-BarcelonaTECH, C/ Eduard Maristany, 10-14 (Campus Diagonal-Besòs), 08930 Barcelona, Spain; Barcelona Research Center for Multiscale Science and Engineering, C/ Eduard Maristany, 10-14 (Campus Diagonal-Besòs), 08930 Barcelona, Spain; Water Technology Center CETaqua, Barcelona, Spain
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Liu J, Han G, Liu X, Liu M, Song C, Zhang Q, Yang K, Li X. Impacts of Anthropogenic Changes on the Mun River Water: Insight from Spatio-Distributions and Relationship of C and N Species in Northeast Thailand. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:E659. [PMID: 30813409 PMCID: PMC6406437 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16040659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2018] [Revised: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
C and N species, including dissolved organic carbon (DOC), dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), dissolved organic nitrogen (DON), NO₃- and NH₄⁺ contents in 57 river water samples collected from the Mun River of Thailand were measured to determine the relationships between these dissolved load species and their impacts on the environment. DOC values varied between 1.71 and 40.08 mg/L, averaging 11.14 mg/L; DON values ranged from 0.20 to 1.37 mg/L, with an average value of 0.48 mg/L; NO₃--N values averaged 0.18 mg/L; and NH₄⁺-N values averaged 0.15 mg/L. DOC contents increased while DON and NO₃- values decreased along the flow direction. The concentrations of NH₄⁺ maintained the same level in the whole watershed. DOC and DON values exhibited clearly higher concentrations in comparison with other rivers worldwide and were inextricably linked with anthropogenic inputs. The relationships of DOC, DON, and anthropogenic ions imply that there are two different anthropogenic sources (industrial activities and agricultural activities) of the dissolved load in the Mun River watershed. The limited correlations between the DON, NO₃-, and NH₄⁺ indicate that the N species are not dominated by a single factor, and reciprocal transformations of riverine N pool are complex. Based on the environmental water quality standard reported by the EC (European Communities) and the World Health Organization, assessments of the water quality using the parameters of pH, dissolved oxygen (DO), NO₃-, NH₄⁺, and TN (total nitrogen) in the Mun River were conducted. The results demonstrate that the river water faces potential environmental pollution, and anthropogenic inputs endanger local water quality and the aquatic community. Therefore, the local government should restrict and reduce the anthropogenic inputs discharged in to rivers, and launch long-term monitoring of water quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinke Liu
- School of Scientific Research, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Guilin Han
- School of Scientific Research, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Xiaolong Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environment, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China.
| | - Man Liu
- School of Scientific Research, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Chao Song
- The Institute of Hydrogeology and Environmental Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050061, China.
| | - Qian Zhang
- School of Scientific Research, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China.
- Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
| | - Kunhua Yang
- School of Scientific Research, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Xiaoqiang Li
- School of Scientific Research, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China.
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36
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Dadashazar H, Ma L, Sorooshian A. Sources of pollution and interrelationships between aerosol and precipitation chemistry at a central California site. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 651:1776-1787. [PMID: 30316095 PMCID: PMC6246821 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.10.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Revised: 10/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/07/2018] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
This study examines co-located aerosol and precipitation chemistry data between 2010 and 2016 at Pinnacles National Monument ~65 km east of the coastline in central California. Positive matrix factorization analysis of the aerosol composition data revealed seven distinct pollutant sources: aged sea salt (25.7% of PM2.5), biomass burning (24.2% of PM2.5), fresh sea salt (15.0% of PM2.5), secondary sulfate (11.7% of PM2.5), dust (10.0% of PM2.5), vehicle emissions (8.2% of PM2.5), and secondary nitrate (5.2% of PM2.5). The influence of meteorology and transport on monthly patterns of PM2.5 composition is discussed. Only secondary sulfate exhibited a statistically significant change (a reduction) over time among the PM2.5 source factors. In contrast, PMcoarse exhibited a significant increase most likely due to dust influence. Monthly profiles of precipitation chemistry are summarized showing that the most abundant species in each month was either SO42-, NO3-, or Cl-. Intercomparisons between the precipitation and aerosol data revealed several features: (i) precipitation pH was inversely related to factors associated with more acidic aerosol constituents such as secondary sulfate and aged sea salt, in addition to being reduced by uptake of HNO3 in the liquid phase; (ii) two aerosol source factors (dust and aged sea salt) and PMcoarse exhibited a positive association with Ca2+ in precipitation, suggestive of directly emitted aerosol types with larger sizes promoting precipitation; and (iii) sulfate levels in both the aerosol and precipitation samples analyzed were significantly correlated with dust and aged sea salt PMF factors, pointing to the partitioning of secondary sulfate to dust and sea salt particles. The results of this work have implications for the region's air quality and hydrological cycle, in addition to demonstrating that the use of co-located aerosol and precipitation chemistry data can provide insights relevant to aerosol-precipitation interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Dadashazar
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Arizona, PO BOX 210011, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Lin Ma
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Arizona, PO BOX 210011, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Armin Sorooshian
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Arizona, PO BOX 210011, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA; Department of Hydrology and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Arizona, PO BOX 210011, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA.
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37
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Fuss CB, Lovett GM, Goodale CL, Ollinger SV, Lang AK, Ouimette AP. Retention of Nitrate-N in Mineral Soil Organic Matter in Different Forest Age Classes. Ecosystems 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10021-018-0328-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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38
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Houlton BZ, Almaraz M, Aneja V, Austin AT, Bai E, Cassman KG, Compton JE, Davidson EA, Erisman JW, Galloway JN, Gu B, Yao G, Martinelli LA, Scow K, Schlesinger WH, Tomich TP, Wang C, Zhang X. A world of co-benefits: Solving the global nitrogen challenge. EARTH'S FUTURE 2019; 7:1-8. [PMID: 31501769 PMCID: PMC6733275 DOI: 10.1029/2019ef001222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen is a critical component of the economy, food security, and planetary health. Many of the world's sustainability targets hinge on global nitrogen solutions, which, in turn, contribute lasting benefits for: (i) world hunger; (ii) soil, air and water quality; (iii) climate change mitigation; and (iv) biodiversity conservation. Balancing the projected rise in agricultural nitrogen demands while achieving these 21st century ideals will require policies to coordinate solutions among technologies, consumer choice, and socioeconomic transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Z. Houlton
- John Muir Institute of the Environment, University of California, Davis, USA
- Department of Land, Air and Water Resources, University of California, Davis, USA
| | - Maya Almaraz
- Department of Land, Air and Water Resources, University of California, Davis, USA
| | - Viney Aneja
- Department of Marine, Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, North Carolina State University, USA
| | - Amy T. Austin
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisiol ogicas y Ecol ogicas Vinculadas a la Agricultura (IFEVA) and Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Edith Bai
- CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China
- School of Geographical Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
| | | | - Jana E. Compton
- Environmental Protection Agency, Western Ecology Division, USA
| | - Eric A. Davidson
- Appalachian Laboratory, University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, USA
| | - Jan Willem Erisman
- Department of Earth Sciences, VU Amsterdam and Louis Bolk Institute, Netherlands
| | | | - Baojing Gu
- School of Public Affairs, Zhejiang University, China
| | - Guolin Yao
- Appalachian Laboratory, University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, USA
| | - Luiz A. Martinelli
- Centro de Energia Nuclear na Agricultura, Univesidade de São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Kate Scow
- Department of Land, Air and Water Resources, University of California, Davis, USA
| | | | - Thomas P. Tomich
- Agricultural Sustainability Institute, University of California, Davis, USA
| | - Chao Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Appalachian Laboratory, University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, USA
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39
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Bellmore RA, Compton JE, Brooks JR, Fox EW, Hill RA, Sobota DJ, Thornbrugh DJ, Weber MH. Nitrogen inputs drive nitrogen concentrations in U.S. streams and rivers during summer low flow conditions. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 639:1349-1359. [PMID: 29929300 PMCID: PMC6361169 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Revised: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Ecological and human health impairments related to excess nitrogen (N) in streams and rivers remain widespread in the United States (U.S.) despite recent efforts to reduce N pollution. Many studies have quantified the relationship between N loads to streams in terms of N mass and N inputs to watersheds; however, N concentrations, rather than loads, are more closely related to impacts on human health and aquatic life. Additionally, concentrations, rather than loads, trigger regulatory responses. In this study, we examined how N concentrations are related to N inputs to watersheds (atmospheric deposition, synthetic fertilizer, manure applied to agricultural land, cultivated biological N fixation, and point sources), land cover characteristics, and stream network characteristics, including stream size and the extent of lakes and reservoirs. N concentration data were collected across the conterminous U.S. during the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's 2008-09 National Rivers and Streams Assessment (n = 1966). Median watershed N inputs were 15.7 kg N ha-1 yr-1. Atmospheric deposition accounted for over half the N inputs in 49% of watersheds, but watersheds with the highest N input rates were dominated by agriculture-related sources. Total N input to watersheds explained 42% and 38% of the variability in total N and dissolved inorganic N concentrations, respectively. Land cover characteristics were also important predictors, with wetland cover muting the effect of agricultural N inputs on N concentrations and riparian disturbance exacerbating it. In contrast, stream variables showed little correlation with N concentrations. This suggests that terrestrial factors that can be managed, such as agricultural N use practices and wetland or riparian areas, control the spatial variability in stream N concentrations across the conterminous U.S.
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Affiliation(s)
- R A Bellmore
- National Research Council, in residence at the Environmental Protection Agency, Western Ecology Division, 200 SW 35th St., Corvallis, OR 97333, United States.
| | - J E Compton
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Western Ecology Division, 200 SW 35th St., Corvallis, OR 97333, United States.
| | - J R Brooks
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Western Ecology Division, 200 SW 35th St., Corvallis, OR 97333, United States.
| | - E W Fox
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Western Ecology Division, 200 SW 35th St., Corvallis, OR 97333, United States.
| | - R A Hill
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education Post-doctoral Participant c/o U.S. EPA, Western Ecology Division, 200 SW 35th St., Corvallis, OR 97333, United States.
| | - D J Sobota
- Water Quality Program, Oregon Department of Environmental Quality, 700 NE Multnomah Street, Suite 600, Portland, OR 97232, United States.
| | - D J Thornbrugh
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education Post-doctoral Participant c/o U.S. EPA, Western Ecology Division, 200 SW 35th St., Corvallis, OR 97333, United States.
| | - M H Weber
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Western Ecology Division, 200 SW 35th St., Corvallis, OR 97333, United States.
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40
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Schulz M, Gehl A, Schlenkrich J, Schulze HA, Zimmermann S, Schaate A. A Calixarene-Based Metal-Organic Framework for Highly Selective NO 2 Detection. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:12961-12965. [PMID: 30030885 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201805355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
A calixarene-based metal-organic framework (Zr-cal, [Zr6 O4 (OH)4 (FA)6 ]2 (cal)3 ], FA=formate, cal=1,3-alt-25,26,27,28-tetrakis[(carboxy)methoxy]calixarene) was synthesized and characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The three-dimensional framework is a 4,6-connected network of gar topology and exhibits two equal but nonintersecting three-dimensional pore systems. It has a specific BET surface area of 670 m2 g-1 , and the calixarene cavities are accessible through the pore systems. The exposed calixarenes can be used for the visual detection and encapsulation of NO2 through the formation of deeply colored charge-transfer complexes inside the MOF. The highly selective complexation was analyzed by UV/Vis and IR spectroscopy, and the stability of the material was confirmed by powder X-ray diffraction and 1 H NMR spectroscopy. Finally, the MOF was used as a sensor material in a home-made sensor cell and showed high sensitivity for NO2 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcel Schulz
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and ZFM-Center for Solid State Chemistry and New Materials, Leibniz University Hannover, Callinstraße 9, 30167, Hannover, Germany.,Laboratory for Nano and Quantum Engineering, Leibniz University Hannover, Schneiderberg 39, 30167, Hannover, Germany
| | - Adrian Gehl
- Institute of Electrical Engineering and Measurement Technology, Leibniz University Hannover, Appelstraße 9A, 30167, Hannover, Germany.,Laboratory for Nano and Quantum Engineering, Leibniz University Hannover, Schneiderberg 39, 30167, Hannover, Germany
| | - Jakob Schlenkrich
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and ZFM-Center for Solid State Chemistry and New Materials, Leibniz University Hannover, Callinstraße 9, 30167, Hannover, Germany.,Laboratory for Nano and Quantum Engineering, Leibniz University Hannover, Schneiderberg 39, 30167, Hannover, Germany
| | - Hendrik A Schulze
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and ZFM-Center for Solid State Chemistry and New Materials, Leibniz University Hannover, Callinstraße 9, 30167, Hannover, Germany.,Laboratory for Nano and Quantum Engineering, Leibniz University Hannover, Schneiderberg 39, 30167, Hannover, Germany
| | - Stefan Zimmermann
- Institute of Electrical Engineering and Measurement Technology, Leibniz University Hannover, Appelstraße 9A, 30167, Hannover, Germany.,Laboratory for Nano and Quantum Engineering, Leibniz University Hannover, Schneiderberg 39, 30167, Hannover, Germany
| | - Andreas Schaate
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and ZFM-Center for Solid State Chemistry and New Materials, Leibniz University Hannover, Callinstraße 9, 30167, Hannover, Germany.,Laboratory for Nano and Quantum Engineering, Leibniz University Hannover, Schneiderberg 39, 30167, Hannover, Germany
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41
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Schulz M, Gehl A, Schlenkrich J, Schulze HA, Zimmermann S, Schaate A. Eine Calixaren-basierte Metall-organische Gerüstverbindung für den hoch selektiven NO2
-Nachweis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201805355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marcel Schulz
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und ZFM - Zentrum für Festkörperchemie und Neue Materialien; Leibniz Universität Hannover; Callinstraße 9 30167 Hannover Deutschland
- Laboratorium für Nano- und Quantenengineering; Leibniz Universität Hannover; Schneiderberg 39 30167 Hannover Deutschland
| | - Adrian Gehl
- Institut für Grundlagen der Elektrotechnik und Messtechnik; Leibniz Universität Hannover; Appelstraße 9A 30167 Hannover Deutschland
- Laboratorium für Nano- und Quantenengineering; Leibniz Universität Hannover; Schneiderberg 39 30167 Hannover Deutschland
| | - Jakob Schlenkrich
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und ZFM - Zentrum für Festkörperchemie und Neue Materialien; Leibniz Universität Hannover; Callinstraße 9 30167 Hannover Deutschland
- Laboratorium für Nano- und Quantenengineering; Leibniz Universität Hannover; Schneiderberg 39 30167 Hannover Deutschland
| | - Hendrik A. Schulze
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und ZFM - Zentrum für Festkörperchemie und Neue Materialien; Leibniz Universität Hannover; Callinstraße 9 30167 Hannover Deutschland
- Laboratorium für Nano- und Quantenengineering; Leibniz Universität Hannover; Schneiderberg 39 30167 Hannover Deutschland
| | - Stefan Zimmermann
- Institut für Grundlagen der Elektrotechnik und Messtechnik; Leibniz Universität Hannover; Appelstraße 9A 30167 Hannover Deutschland
- Laboratorium für Nano- und Quantenengineering; Leibniz Universität Hannover; Schneiderberg 39 30167 Hannover Deutschland
| | - Andreas Schaate
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und ZFM - Zentrum für Festkörperchemie und Neue Materialien; Leibniz Universität Hannover; Callinstraße 9 30167 Hannover Deutschland
- Laboratorium für Nano- und Quantenengineering; Leibniz Universität Hannover; Schneiderberg 39 30167 Hannover Deutschland
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42
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Veach AM, Stokes CE, Knoepp J, Jumpponen A, Baird R. Fungal Communities and Functional Guilds Shift Along an Elevational Gradient in the Southern Appalachian Mountains. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2018; 76:156-168. [PMID: 29204781 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-017-1116-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen deposition alters forest ecosystems particularly in high elevation, montane habitats where nitrogen deposition is greatest and continues to increase. We collected soils across an elevational (788-1940 m) gradient, encompassing both abiotic (soil chemistry) and biotic (vegetation community) gradients, at eight locations in the southern Appalachian Mountains of southwestern North Carolina and eastern Tennessee. We measured soil chemistry (total N, C, extractable PO4, soil pH, cation exchange capacity [ECEC], percent base saturation [% BS]) and dissected soil fungal communities using ITS2 metabarcode Illumina MiSeq sequencing. Total soil N, C, PO4, % BS, and pH increased with elevation and plateaued at approximately 1400 m, whereas ECEC linearly increased and C/N decreased with elevation. Fungal communities differed among locations and were correlated with all chemical variables, except PO4, whereas OTU richness increased with total N. Several ecological guilds (i.e., ectomycorrhizae, saprotrophs, plant pathogens) differed in abundance among locations; specifically, saprotroph abundance, primarily attributable to genus Mortierella, was positively correlated with elevation. Ectomycorrhizae declined with total N and soil pH and increased with total C and PO4 where plant pathogens increased with total N and decreased with total C. Our results demonstrate significant turnover in taxonomic and functional fungal groups across elevational gradients which facilitate future predictions on forest ecosystem change in the southern Appalachians as nitrogen deposition rates increase and regional temperature and precipitation regimes shift.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison M Veach
- Division of Biology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, USA.
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA.
| | - C Elizabeth Stokes
- Department of Forest Products, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS, 39762, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Entomology, and Plant Pathology, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS, 39762, USA
| | - Jennifer Knoepp
- USDA, Forest Service, Southern Research Station, Center for Forest Watershed Research, Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory, Otto, NC, 28763, USA
| | - Ari Jumpponen
- Division of Biology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, USA
| | - Richard Baird
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Entomology, and Plant Pathology, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS, 39762, USA
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Akbarzadeh Z, Laverman AM, Rezanezhad F, Raimonet M, Viollier E, Shafei B, Van Cappellen P. Benthic nitrite exchanges in the Seine River (France): An early diagenetic modeling analysis. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 628-629:580-593. [PMID: 29454199 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.01.319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Revised: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Nitrite is a toxic intermediate compound in the nitrogen (N) cycle. Elevated concentrations of nitrite have been observed in the Seine River, raising questions about its sources and fate. Here, we assess the role of bottom sediments as potential sources or sinks of nitrite along the river continuum. Sediment cores were collected from two depocenters, one located upstream, the other downstream, from the largest wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) servicing the conurbation of Paris. Pore water profiles of oxygen, nitrate, nitrite and ammonium were measured. Ammonium, nitrate and nitrite fluxes across the sediment-water interface (SWI) were determined in separate core incubation experiments. The data were interpreted with a one-dimensional, multi-component reactive transport model, which accounts for the production and consumption of nitrite through nitrification, denitrification, anammox and dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium (DNRA). In all core incubation experiments, nitrate uptake by the sediments was observed, indicative of high rates of denitrification. In contrast, for both sampling locations, the sediments in cores collected in August 2012 acted as sinks for nitrite, but those collected in October 2013 released nitrite to the overlying water. The model results suggest that the first step of nitrification generated most pore water nitrite at the two locations. While nitrification was also the main pathway consuming nitrite in the sediments upstream of the WWTP, anammox dominated nitrite removal at the downstream site. Sensitivity analyses indicated that the magnitude and direction of the benthic nitrite fluxes most strongly depend on bottom water oxygenation and the deposition flux of labile organic matter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Akbarzadeh
- Ecohydrology Research Group, Water Institute and Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Waterloo, Canada.
| | | | - Fereidoun Rezanezhad
- Ecohydrology Research Group, Water Institute and Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Waterloo, Canada
| | - Mélanie Raimonet
- UMR 7619 METIS, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris 6, Sorbonne Universités, Paris, France
| | - Eric Viollier
- Laboratoire de Géochimie des Eaux, UMR 7154, Université Paris Diderot, Paris 7 and Institut de Physique du Globe (IPGP), Paris, France
| | - Babak Shafei
- AquaNRG Consulting Inc., Houston, TX, United States
| | - Philippe Van Cappellen
- Ecohydrology Research Group, Water Institute and Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Waterloo, Canada
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44
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Zinabu E, Kelderman P, van der Kwast J, Irvine K. Impacts and Policy Implications of Metals Effluent Discharge into Rivers within Industrial Zones: A Sub-Saharan Perspective from Ethiopia. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2018; 61:700-715. [PMID: 29224046 PMCID: PMC5849661 DOI: 10.1007/s00267-017-0970-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Accepted: 11/23/2017] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Kombolcha, a city in Ethiopia, exemplifies the challenges and problems of the sub-Saharan countries where industrialization is growing fast but monitoring resources are poor and information on pollution unknown. This study monitored metals Cr, Cu, Zn, and Pb concentrations in five factories' effluents, and in the effluent mixing zones of two rivers receiving discharges during the rainy seasons of 2013 and 2014. The results indicate that median concentrations of Cr in the tannery effluents and Zn in the steel processing effluents were as high as 26,600 and 155,750 µg/L, respectively, much exceeding both the USEPA and Ethiopian emission guidelines. Cu concentrations were low in all effluents. Pb concentrations were high in the tannery effluent, but did not exceed emission guidelines. As expected, no metal emission guidelines were exceeded for the brewery, textile and meat processing effluents. Median Cr and Zn concentrations in the Leyole river in the effluent mixing zones downstream of the tannery and steel processing plant increased by factors of 52 (2660 compared with 51 µg Cr/L) and 5 (520 compared with 110 µg Zn/L), respectively, compared with stations further upstream. This poses substantial ecological risks downstream. Comparison with emission guidelines indicates poor environmental management by industries and regulating institutions. Despite appropriate legislation, no clear measures have yet been taken to control industrial discharges, with apparent mismatch between environmental enforcement and investment policies. Effluent management, treatment technologies and operational capacity of environmental institutions were identified as key improvement areas to adopt progressive sustainable development.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Zinabu
- Wollo University, P.O. Box 1145, Dessie, Ethiopia.
- IHE Delft Institute for Water Education, P.O. Box 3015, 2601 DA, Delft, Netherlands.
- Aquatic Ecology and Water Quality Management, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA, Wageningen, Netherlands.
| | - P Kelderman
- IHE Delft Institute for Water Education, P.O. Box 3015, 2601 DA, Delft, Netherlands
| | - J van der Kwast
- IHE Delft Institute for Water Education, P.O. Box 3015, 2601 DA, Delft, Netherlands
| | - K Irvine
- IHE Delft Institute for Water Education, P.O. Box 3015, 2601 DA, Delft, Netherlands
- Aquatic Ecology and Water Quality Management, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA, Wageningen, Netherlands
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Martin JW, Moore PA, Li H, Ashworth AJ, Miles DM. Effects of Land-Applied Ammonia Scrubber Solutions on Yield, Nitrogen Uptake, Soil Test Phosphorus, and Phosphorus Runoff. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY 2018; 47:263-269. [PMID: 29634801 DOI: 10.2134/jeq2017.09.0383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Ammonia (NH) scrubbers reduce amounts of NH and dust released from animal rearing facilities while generating nitrogen (N)-rich solutions, which may be used as fertilizers. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of various NH scrubber solutions on forage yields, N uptake, soil-test phosphorus (P), and P runoff. A small plot study was conducted using six treatments: (i) an unfertilized control, (ii) potassium bisulfate (KHSO) scrubber solution, (iii) aluminum sulfate [Al(SO) ⋅14HO, alum] scrubber solution, (iv) sodium bisulfate (NaHSO) scrubber solution, (v) sulfuric acid (HSO) scrubber solution, and (vi) ammonium nitrate (NHNO) fertilizer. The scrubber solutions were obtained from ARS Air Scrubbers attached to commercial broiler houses. All N sources were applied at a rate of 112 kg N ha. Plots were harvested approximately every 4 wk and soil-test P measurements were made, then a rainfall simulation study was conducted. Cumulative forage yields were greater ( < 0.05) for KHSO (7.6 Mg ha) and NaHSO (7.5 Mg ha) scrubber solutions than for alum (6.7 Mg ha) or HSO (6.5 Mg ha) scrubber solutions or for NHNO (6.9 Mg ha). All N sources resulted in higher yields than the control (5.1 Mg ha). The additional potassium in the KHSO treatment likely resulted in higher yields. Although Mehlich-III-extractable P was not affected, water-extractable P in soil was lowered by the alum-based scrubber solution, which also resulted in lower P runoff. This study demonstrates that N captured using NH scrubbers is a viable N fertilizer.
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46
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Effect of Saturated Zone on Nitrogen Removal Processes in Stormwater Bioretention Systems. WATER 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/w10020162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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47
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Goswami S, Fisk MC, Vadeboncoeur MA, Garrison‐Johnston M, Yanai RD, Fahey TJ. Phosphorus limitation of aboveground production in northern hardwood forests. Ecology 2018; 99:438-449. [DOI: 10.1002/ecy.2100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Revised: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Melany C. Fisk
- Department of Biology Miami University Oxford Ohio 45056 USA
| | | | | | - Ruth D. Yanai
- Department of Forest and Natural Resource Management SUNY College of Environmental Science and Forestry Syracuse New York 13210 USA
| | - Timothy J. Fahey
- Department of Natural Resources Cornell University Ithaca New York 14853 USA
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48
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Merrill NH, Mulvaney KK, Martin DM, Chintala MM, Berry W, Gleason T, Balogh S, Humphries A. A resilience framework for chronic exposures: water quality and ecosystem services in coastal social-ecological systems. COASTAL MANAGEMENT : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MARINE ENVIRONMENT, RESOURCES, LAW, AND SOCIETY 2018; 46:242-258. [PMID: 31178625 PMCID: PMC6550327 DOI: 10.1080/08920753.2018.1474066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Water quality degradation is a chronic problem which influences the resilience of a social-ecological system differently than acute disturbances, such as disease or storms. Recognizing this, we developed a tailored resilience framework that applies ecosystem service concepts to coastal social-ecological systems affected by degraded water quality. We present the framework as a mechanism for coordinating interdisciplinary research to inform long-term community planning decisions pertaining to chronic challenges in coastal systems. The resulting framework connects the ecological system to the social system via ecological production functions and ecosystem services. The social system then feeds back to the ecological system via policies and interventions to address declining water quality. We apply our resilience framework to the coastal waters and communities of Cape Cod (Barnstable County, Massachusetts, USA) which are affected by nitrogen over-enrichment. This approach allowed us to design research to improve the understanding of the effectiveness and acceptance of water quality improvement efforts and their effect on the delivery of ecosystem services. This framework is intended to be transferable to other geographical settings and more generally applied to systems exposed to chronic disturbances in order to coordinate interdisciplinary research planning and inform coastal management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathaniel H Merrill
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Atlantic Ecology Division, Narragansett, Rhode Island 02882, USA
| | - Kate K Mulvaney
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Atlantic Ecology Division, Narragansett, Rhode Island 02882, USA
| | - David M Martin
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Atlantic Ecology Division, Narragansett, Rhode Island 02882, USA
| | - Marnita M Chintala
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Atlantic Ecology Division, Narragansett, Rhode Island 02882, USA
| | - Walter Berry
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Atlantic Ecology Division, Narragansett, Rhode Island 02882, USA
| | - Timothy Gleason
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Atlantic Ecology Division, Narragansett, Rhode Island 02882, USA
| | - Stephen Balogh
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Atlantic Ecology Division, Narragansett, Rhode Island 02882, USA
| | - Austin Humphries
- Department of Fisheries, Animal and Veterinary Sciences, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island 02881, USA
- Graduate School of Oceanography, University of Rhode Island, Narragansett, Rhode Island 02882, USA
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Covino T, Golden HE, Li HY, Tang J. Aquatic Carbon-Nutrient Dynamics as Emergent Properties of Hydrological, Biogeochemical, and Ecological Interactions: Scientific Advances. WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH 2018; 54:7138-7142. [PMID: 31156277 PMCID: PMC6541028 DOI: 10.1029/2018wr023588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 09/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Carbon and nutrient dynamics in aquatic systems often emerge as the result of hydrological, biogeochemical, and ecological interactions. Due to the multiscale and multidisciplinary nature of these process interactions, research into aquatic carbon and nutrient dynamics is becoming increasingly interdisciplinary. The motivation for this special issue came from an international workshop titled "Hydro-Biogeochemical Processes: Mechanisms, Coupling, and Impact," which took place from 27 to 31 October 2015 at China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, China. During this workshop, scientists from various countries and disciplines met to discuss current work and future advances on topics such as the hydro-biogeochemistry of Earth's critical zone, stream-groundwater interaction zones, aquatic ecosystem processes, and dynamics at land-atmosphere, land-ocean, and human-natural interfaces. Contributions to this special issue on "Emergent aquatic carbon-nutrient dynamics as products of hydrological, biogeochemical, and ecological interactions" include papers from authors who attended the workshop and from those who responded to the open solicitation for papers. Our aim in organizing this special issue is to stimulate continued discussion and collaboration across disciplinary boundaries in order to further our collective understanding of aquatic carbon-nutrient dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Covino
- Department of Ecosystem Science and Sustainability, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Heather E Golden
- Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Hong-Yi Li
- Department of Land Resources and Environmental Sciences, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, USA
| | - Jinyun Tang
- Earth and Environmental Science Area, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
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Martin DM, Piscopo AN, Chintala MM, Gleason TR, Berry W. Developing qualitative ecosystem service relationships with the Driver-Pressure-State-Impact-Response framework: A case study on Cape Cod, Massachusetts. ECOLOGICAL INDICATORS 2018; 84:404-415. [PMID: 31275064 PMCID: PMC6605102 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolind.2017.08.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the effects of environmental management strategies on society and the environment is critical for evaluating their effectiveness, but is often impeded by limited data availability. In this article, we present a method that can help scientists to support resource managers' thinking about social-ecological relationships in coupled human and natural systems. Our method aims to model qualitative cause-effect relationships between management strategies and ecosystem services, using information provided by knowledgeable participants, and the tradeoffs between strategies. Social, environmental, and cultural indicators are organized using the Driver-Pressure-State-Impact-Response, or DPSIR, framework. The relationships between indicators are evaluated using a decision tree and numerical representations of interaction strength. We use a matrix multiplication procedure to model direct and indirect interaction effects, and we provide guidelines for combining effects. Results include several data tables from which information can be visualized to understand the plausible interaction effects of implementing management strategies on ecosystem services. We illustrate our method with a water quality management case study on Cape Cod, Massachusetts.
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