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Chai JY, Seo M, Shin DH. Paleoparasitology research on ancient helminth eggs and larvae in the Republic of Korea. PARASITES, HOSTS AND DISEASES 2023; 61:345-387. [PMID: 38043533 PMCID: PMC10693964 DOI: 10.3347/phd.23085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Paleoparasitology is a discipline that applies existing conventional and molecular techniques to study parasites found in ancient ruins. This review focuses on the history of the discovery of parasites (mostly helminth eggs and larvae) in archaeological soil samples and mummies in Korea from the Three Kingdoms Period to the Joseon Dynasty (100 BCE-1910 CE). We also briefly review important milestones in global paleoparasitology. The helminth species reported so far in Korea included Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiura, Strongyloides stercoralis (larva), Trichostrongylus sp. (larva), Paracapillaria philippinensis (syn. Capillaria philippinensis), Enterobius vermicularis, Fasciola hepatica, dicrocoeliids, Paragonimus westermani, Clonorchis sinensis, Metagonimus yokogawai, Pygidiopsis summa, Gymnophalloides seoi, Isthmiophora hortensis, Dibothriocephalus nihonkaiensis (syn. Diphyllobothrium nihonkaiense), and Taenia spp. tapeworms. The findings obtained by Korean paleoparasitologists/archaeologists have brought about deep insight into the status of helminthic infections in Korea's past populations. Continued paleoparasitological research is essential for further understanding of ancient parasites and parasitic diseases in Korea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Yil Chai
- Department of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080,
Korea
| | - Min Seo
- Department of Parasitology, Dankook University College of Medicine, Cheonan 31116,
Korea
| | - Dong Hoon Shin
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080,
Korea
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2
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Nodari R, Drancourt M, Barbieri R. Paleomicrobiology of the human digestive tract: A review. Microb Pathog 2021; 157:104972. [PMID: 34029658 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2021.104972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The microbiota is a hot topic of research in medical microbiology, boosted by culturomics and metagenomics, with unanticipated knowledge outputs in physiology and pathology. Knowledge of the microbiota in ancient populations may therefore be of prime interest in understanding factors shaping the coevolution of the microbiota and populations. Studies on ancient human microbiomes can help us understand how the community of microorganisms presents in the oral cavity and the gut was shaped during the evolution of our species and what environmental, social or cultural changes may have changed it. This review cumulates and summarizes the discoveries in the field of the ancient human microbiota, focusing on the remains used as samples and techniques used to handle and analyze them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Nodari
- Department of Biosciences and Pediatric Clinical Research Center "Romeo and Enrica Invernizzi", University of Milan, Milan, 20133, Italy
| | - Michel Drancourt
- Aix-Marseille Univ., IRD, MEPHI, IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Rémi Barbieri
- Aix-Marseille Univ., IRD, MEPHI, IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France; UMR 7268, Anthropologie Bioculturelle, Droit, Ethique et Santé, Aix Marseille Univ., 11 CNRS, EFS, ADES, Marseille, France.
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3
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Hong JH, Seo M, Oh CS, Chai JY, Shin DH. Metagonimus yokogawai Ancient DNA Recovered from 16th- to 17th-Century Korean Mummy Feces of the Joseon Dynasty. J Parasitol 2021; 106:802-808. [PMID: 33351947 DOI: 10.1645/20-42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Metagonimiasis is foodborne intestinal parasitism occurring by the definitive hosts' ingestion of raw or undercooked fish, mostly commonly sweetfish. Most Metagonimus infection is caused by Metagonimus yokogawai but also rarely by Metagonimus takahashii as well as Metagonimus miyatai. Despite recent molecular work on Metagonimus spp., there are still insufficient data to reveal the genetic characteristics of ancient M. yokogawai in a wide geo-historical scope. In this study, we were successful in the analysis of M. yokogawai ancient DNA (aDNA) using coprolite samples retrieved from 16th- to 17th-century Korean mummies. In BLAST and phylogenetic analyses, M. yokogawai 28S rDNA of Korean mummies were clustered along with the 28S rDNA taxa of M. takahashii and M. miyatai in GenBank. Conversely, the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) of M. yokogawai aDNA from Korean mummies was distinctly clustered apart from M. takahashii and M. miyatai sequences. This study is the first report of its kind to identify M. yokogawai aDNA retrieved from the archaeological specimens and confirms the usefulness of COI in molecular diagnosis of M. yokogawai. Considering the rarity of reports on the genetics of genus Metagonimus spp., our study will be fundamental for the future study of M. yokogawai paleogenetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Ha Hong
- Institute of Korean Archaeology and Ancient History, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea.,Laboratory of Bioanthropology, Paleopathology and History of Diseases, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Min Seo
- Department of Parasitology, Dankook University College of Medicine, Cheonan, South Korea
| | - Chang Seok Oh
- Department of Mortuary Science, Eulji University, Seongnam-Si, Gyeonggi-Do, South Korea.,Institute of Forensic Science, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jong-Yil Chai
- Department of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Korea Association of Health Promotion, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Dong Hoon Shin
- Laboratory of Bioanthropology, Paleopathology and History of Diseases, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Institute of Forensic Science, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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4
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Urbanization and Parasitism: Archaeoparasitology of South Korea. BIOARCHAEOLOGY AND SOCIAL THEORY 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-53417-2_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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5
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Chang T, Jung BK, Song H, Cho J, Hong S, Lee KH, Hoang EH, Kang J, Lim J, Lee H, Chai JY. Survey of Gymnophalloides seoi Metacercariae in Natural and Cultured Oysters from Several Western Coastal Areas, Korea. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY 2019; 57:705-708. [PMID: 31914525 PMCID: PMC6960257 DOI: 10.3347/kjp.2019.57.6.705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Gymnophalloides seoi (Digenea: Gymnophallidae) is a human intestinal trematode contracted by eating raw oysters (Crassostrea gigas) in the Republic of Korea (=Korea). It has been known to be highly endemic in Aphae Island, Shinan-gun, Jeollanam-do (Province). However, recent epidemiological status of G. seoi has not been reported since the 1990s. In this study, we investigated the prevalence of G. seoi metacercariae in natural and cultured oysters collected from 3 islands and 2 coastal areas in western parts of Korea. The oysters were examined using the artificial digestion method followed by stereomicroscopy. The overall positive rate of G. seoi metacercariae in natural oysters was 66.0% (99/150), and the oysters collected from Yubu Island showed the highest infection rate (74.0%). However, the metacercarial density per oyster was relatively low (1.5–2.4 per oyster). By contrast, no metacercaria was found in cultured oysters purchased from 2 coastal areas in Chungcheongnam-do. Thus, we could confirm that natural oysters produced from 3 western coastal islands are infected with G. seoi metacercariae, whereas cultured oysters purchased from 2 coastal areas were free from infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taehee Chang
- Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Korea Association of Health Promotion, Seoul 07649, Korea
| | - Bong-Kwang Jung
- Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Korea Association of Health Promotion, Seoul 07649, Korea
| | - Hyemi Song
- Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Korea Association of Health Promotion, Seoul 07649, Korea
| | - Jaeeun Cho
- Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Korea Association of Health Promotion, Seoul 07649, Korea
| | - Sooji Hong
- Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Korea Association of Health Promotion, Seoul 07649, Korea
| | - Keon-Hoon Lee
- Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Korea Association of Health Promotion, Seoul 07649, Korea
| | - Eui-Hyug Hoang
- Health Examination Management Bureau, Korea Association of Health Promotion, Seoul 07649, Korea
| | - Jisu Kang
- Daejeon-Chungnam Branch, Korea Association of Health Promotion, Daejeon 35264, Korea
| | - Jini Lim
- Jeonbuk Branch, Korea Association of Health Promotion, Jeonju 54893, Korea
| | - Hana Lee
- Gwangju-Jeonnam Branch, Korea Association of Health Promotion, Gwangju 61931, Korea
| | - Jong-Yil Chai
- Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Korea Association of Health Promotion, Seoul 07649, Korea
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6
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Nystrom KC, Tilley L. Mummy studies and the bioarchaeology of care. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PALEOPATHOLOGY 2019; 25:64-71. [PMID: 30017496 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpp.2018.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Revised: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The bioarchaeology of care is a framework through which researchers can begin to infer the level of care an individual may have required based on the presence of paleopathological evidence. To date, all of the research that has employed the framework has been based on evidence derived from skeletal material. This special issue was organized in order to highlight how the analysis of mummified soft tissue, as well as other sources of data commonly associated with mummified remains, such as coprolites and intestinal contents, has the potential to provide valuable insight into the reconstruction of care in the past.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth C Nystrom
- Department of Anthropology, State University of New York at New Paltz, USA.
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Hong JH, Oh CS, Chai JY, Seo M, Shin DH. Cytochrome C Oxidase Subunit 1, Internal Transcribed Spacer 1, Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Hydrogen Dehydrogenase Subunits 2 and 5 of Clonorchis sinensis Ancient DNA Retrieved from Joseon Dynasty Mummy Specimens. J Korean Med Sci 2019; 34:e149. [PMID: 31124326 PMCID: PMC6535405 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2019.34.e149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
We analyzed Clonorchis sinensis ancient DNA (aDNA) acquired from the specimens of the Joseon mummies. The target regions were cytochrome C oxidase subunit 1 (CO1), internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1), nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide hydrogen (NADH) dehydrogenase subunits 2 (NAD2) and 5 (NAD5). The sequences of C. sinensis aDNA was completely or almost identical to modern C. sinensis sequences in GenBank. We also found that ITS1, NAD2 and NAD5 could be good markers for molecular diagnosis between C. sinensis and the other trematode parasite species. The current result could improve our knowledge about genetic history of C. sinensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Ha Hong
- Laboratory of Bioanthropology, Paleopathology and History of Diseases, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chang Seok Oh
- Laboratory of Bioanthropology, Paleopathology and History of Diseases, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Institute of Forensic Science, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jong Yil Chai
- Department of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Korean Association of Health Promotion, Seoul, Korea
| | - Min Seo
- Department of Parasitology, Dankook University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Korea.
| | - Dong Hoon Shin
- Laboratory of Bioanthropology, Paleopathology and History of Diseases, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Institute of Forensic Science, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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8
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Camacho M, Araújo A, Morrow J, Buikstra J, Reinhard K. Recovering parasites from mummies and coprolites: an epidemiological approach. Parasit Vectors 2018; 11:248. [PMID: 29661215 PMCID: PMC5902992 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-018-2729-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
In the field of archaeological parasitology, researchers have long documented the distribution of parasites in archaeological time and space through the analysis of coprolites and human remains. This area of research defined the origin and migration of parasites through presence/absence studies. By the end of the 20th century, the field of pathoecology had emerged as researchers developed an interest in the ancient ecology of parasite transmission. Supporting studies were conducted to establish the relationships between parasites and humans, including cultural, subsistence, and ecological reconstructions. Parasite prevalence data were collected to infer the impact of parasitism on human health. In the last few decades, a paleoepidemiological approach has emerged with a focus on applying statistical techniques for quantification. The application of egg per gram (EPG) quantification methods provide data about parasites' prevalence in ancient populations and also identify the pathological potential that parasitism presented in different time periods and geographic places. Herein, we compare the methods used in several laboratories for reporting parasite prevalence and EPG quantification. We present newer quantification methods to explore patterns of parasite overdispersion among ancient people. These new methods will be able to produce more realistic measures of parasite infections among people of the past. These measures allow researchers to compare epidemiological patterns in both ancient and modern populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgana Camacho
- Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública Sergio Arouca/Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (ENSP/FIOCRUZ), Rua Leopoldo Bulhões, 1480, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21041-210, Brazil
| | - Adauto Araújo
- Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública Sergio Arouca/Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (ENSP/FIOCRUZ), Rua Leopoldo Bulhões, 1480, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21041-210, Brazil
| | - Johnica Morrow
- Department of Physical & Life Sciences, Chadron State College, 1000 Main Street, Chadron, NE, 69337, USA
| | - Jane Buikstra
- School of Evolution and Social Change, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Karl Reinhard
- Pathoecology Laboratory, School of Natural Resources, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68583-0987, USA.
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9
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Seo M, Oh CS, Hong JH, Chai JY, Ju JO, Shin DH. Ancient Soil-Transmitted Parasite Eggs Detected from the Sixth Century Three Kingdom Period Silla Tomb. J Korean Med Sci 2018; 33:e53. [PMID: 29349942 PMCID: PMC5777921 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2018.33.e53] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The parasitic infection patterns of the Joseon period have begun to be revealed in a series of paleoparasitological studies. However, parasitism prevailing during or before the Three Kingdom period is still relatively unexplored. In the present study, we therefore conducted parasitological examinations of soil and organic-material sediments precipitated upon human hipbone and sacrum discovered inside an ancient Mokgwakmyo tomb dating to the Silla Dynasty (57 BCE-660 CE). Within the samples, we discovered ancient Ascaris lumbricoides (eggs per gram [EPG], 46.6-48.3) and Trichuris trichiura (EPG, 32.8-62.1) eggs, the species commonly detected among Korean populations until just prior to the 1970s. These findings show that soil-transmitted parasitic infection among the Silla nobility might not have been uncommon. This is the first-ever report on the presence of ancient parasite eggs in the samples obtained from a Three Kingdom period tomb; and it also presents the earliest positive results for any of the ancient South Korean tombs paleoparasitologically examined to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Seo
- Department of Parasitology, Dankook University College of Medicine, Chonan, Korea
| | - Chang Seok Oh
- Lab of Bioanthropology, Paleopathology and History of Diseases, Department of Anatomy and Institute of Forensic Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jong Ha Hong
- Lab of Bioanthropology, Paleopathology and History of Diseases, Department of Anatomy and Institute of Forensic Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jong Yil Chai
- Department of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Korea Association of Health Promotion, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jin Og Ju
- Foundation of Silla Cultural Heritage Research Institute, Gyeongju, Korea
| | - Dong Hoon Shin
- Lab of Bioanthropology, Paleopathology and History of Diseases, Department of Anatomy and Institute of Forensic Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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Morrow JJ, Reinhard KJ. The Paleoepidemiology ofEnterobius vermicularis(Nemata: Oxyuridae) Among the Loma San Gabriel at La Cueva de los Muertos Chiquitos (600–800 CE), Rio Zape Valley, Durango, Mexico. COMP PARASITOL 2018. [DOI: 10.1654/1525-2647-85.1.27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Johnica J. Morrow
- Palynology and Pathoecology Laboratory, School of Natural Resources, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 3310 Holdrege Street, Lincoln, Nebraska, 68583-0962, U.S.A. (and
| | - Karl J. Reinhard
- Palynology and Pathoecology Laboratory, School of Natural Resources, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 3310 Holdrege Street, Lincoln, Nebraska, 68583-0962, U.S.A. (and
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11
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Reinhard K. Reestablishing rigor in archaeological parasitology. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PALEOPATHOLOGY 2017; 19:124-134. [PMID: 29198394 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpp.2017.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 06/24/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Archaeological parasitology originated in the mid-twentieth century with interdisciplinary teams of specialists directed by archaeologists. The goals of such studies were detailed analyses of dietary, medicinal, and environmental factors that shaped the patterns of infection. By the 1970s, a cadre of unique coprolite analysts was trained to analyze macroscopic and microscopic remains for integrated reconstructions of the cultural determinants of parasitism. During these first phases of research, diagnostic rigor was maintained by direct training of specialists in parasitology and archaeology sub-disciplines including archaeobotany and archaeopalynology. Near the end of the twentieth century, however, "paleoparasitology" was defined as a separate field focusing on defining parasite distribution through time and space. Ironically, this focus resulted in an increase in misdiagnosis, especially prominent after 2000. Paleoparasitology does not explicitly include other specialized studies in it research design. Thus, dietary, environmental and medicinal inferences have been neglected or lost as samples were destroyed solely for the purpose of parasitological analysis. Without ancillary archaeological studies, paleoparasitology runs the risk of separation from archaeological context, thereby reducing its value to the archaeologists who recover samples for analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl Reinhard
- School of Natural Resources, Hardin Hall 719, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583-0987, United States.
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Chai JY, Jung BK. Fishborne zoonotic heterophyid infections: An update. Food Waterborne Parasitol 2017; 8-9:33-63. [PMID: 32095640 PMCID: PMC7034020 DOI: 10.1016/j.fawpar.2017.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Revised: 09/02/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Fishborne heterophyid trematodes infecting humans are at least 29 species worldwide and belong to 13 genera. Its global burden is much more than 7 million infected people. They include Metagonimus (M. yokogawai, M. takahashii, M. miyatai, M. minutus, and M. katsuradai), Heterophyes (H. heterophyes, H. nocens, H. dispar, and H. aequalis), Haplorchis (H. taichui, H. pumilio, H. yokogawai, and H. vanissimus), Pygidiopsis (P. summa and P. genata), Heterophyopsis (H. continua), Stellantchasmus (S. falcatus), Centrocestus (C. formosanus, C. armatus, C. cuspidatus, and C. kurokawai), Stictodora (S. fuscata and S. lari), Procerovum (P. varium and P. calderoni), Acanthotrema (A. felis), Apophallus (A. donicus), Ascocotyle (A. longa), and Cryptocotyle (C. lingua). Human infections are scattered around the world but the major endemic areas are located in Southeast Asia. The source of human infection is ingestion of raw or improperly cooked fish. The pathogenicity, host-parasite relationships, and clinical manifestations in each species infection are poorly understood; these should be elucidated particularly in immunocompromised hosts. Problems exist in the differential diagnosis of these parasitic infections because of close morphological similarity of eggs in feces and unavailability of alternative methods such as serology. Molecular diagnostic techniques are promising but they are still at an infant stage. Praziquantel has been proved to be highly effective against most of the patients infected with heterophyid flukes. Epidemiological surveys and detection of human infections are required for better understanding of the geographical distribution and global burden of each heterophyid species. In this review, the most updated knowledge on the morphology, biology, epidemiology, pathogenesis and pathology, immunology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis and treatment, and prevention and control of fishborne zoonotic heterophyid infections is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Yil Chai
- Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Korea Association of Health Promotion, Seoul 07649, Republic of Korea
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13
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Shin DH, Oh CS, Hong JH, Kim Y, Lee SD, Lee E. Paleogenetic study on the 17th century Korean mummy with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0183098. [PMID: 28813480 PMCID: PMC5559090 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0183098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
While atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) is known to be common among modern people exposed to various risk factors, recent paleopathological studies have shown that it affected ancient populations much more frequently than expected. In 2010, we investigated a 17th century Korean female mummy with presumptive ASCVD signs. Although the resulting report was a rare and invaluable conjecture on the disease status of an ancient East Asian population, the diagnosis had been based only on anatomical and radiological techniques, and so could not confirm the existence of ASCVD in the mummy. In the present study, we thus performed a paleogenetic analysis to supplement the previous conventional diagnosis of ASCVD. In aDNA extracted from the same Korean mummy, we identified the risk alleles of seven different SNPs (rs5351, rs10757274, rs2383206, rs2383207, rs10757278, rs4380028 and rs1333049) that had already been revealed to be the major risk loci of ASCVD in East Asian populations. The reliability of this study could be enhanced by cross-validation using two different analyses: Sanger and SNaPshot techniques. We were able to establish that the 17th century Korean female had a strong genetic predisposition to increased risk of ASCVD. The current paleogenetic diagnosis, the first of its kind outside Europe, re-confirms its utility as an adjunct modality for confirmatory diagnosis of ancient ASCVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Hoon Shin
- Bioanthropology and Paleopathology Lab, Department of Anatomy, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Institute of Forensic Science, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Chang Seok Oh
- Bioanthropology and Paleopathology Lab, Department of Anatomy, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jong Ha Hong
- Bioanthropology and Paleopathology Lab, Department of Anatomy, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yusu Kim
- Bioanthropology and Paleopathology Lab, Department of Anatomy, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Soong Deok Lee
- Institute of Forensic Science, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Eunju Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- * E-mail:
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14
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SEO MIN, OH CHANGSEOK, HONG JONGHA, CHAI JONGYIL, CHA SOONCHUL, BANG YURI, CHA INGUK, WI YANGGUN, PARK JUNGMIN, SHIN DONGHOON. Estimation of parasite infection prevalence of Joseon people by paleoparasitological data updates from the ancient feces of pre-modern Korean mummies. ANTHROPOL SCI 2017. [DOI: 10.1537/ase.160920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- MIN SEO
- Department of Parasitology, Dankook University College of Medicine, Cheonan
| | - CHANG SEOK OH
- Institute of Forensic Science, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul
| | - JONG HA HONG
- Institute of Forensic Science, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul
| | - JONG-YIL CHAI
- Department of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul
| | | | - YURI BANG
- Hanbaek Research Institute for Cultural Heritage, Seoul
| | - IN GUK CHA
- Honam Cultural Property Research Center, Damyang
| | - YANG GUN WI
- Gyeong-Sang Cultural Heritage Research Center, Jinju
| | - JUNG MIN PARK
- Hanul Research Institute of Cultural Heritage, Suwon
| | - DONG HOON SHIN
- Institute of Forensic Science, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul
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15
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Oh CS, Koh BJ, Yoo DS, Park JB, Min SR, Kim YS, Lee SS, Ge J, Seo SB, Shin DH. Joseon funerary texts tested using ancient DNA analysis of a Korean mummy. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2015; 298:1191-207. [PMID: 25998652 DOI: 10.1002/ar.23142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2015] [Accepted: 01/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
In Korea, ancient DNA (aDNA) analysis has been applied to investigations into the genetic affiliations of mummies found in Joseon Dynasty tombs (1392-1910 CE), becoming now indispensable tool for researches studying human remains from archaeological sites. In the course of our recent examinations on a Korean mummy of Joseon Dynasty, we discovered many teeth contained in a pouch. And in fact, the historical literature on the topic of Joseon funerals contain general accounts of pouches in which an individual's lost teeth were collected over the course of a lifetime and, after death, placed in the coffin with the body. To test the veracity of the historical texts, the present study undertook aDNA analyses and compared the results between specifically questioned (Q) samples (teeth) and known (K) samples (brain and bone) from the mummy to ensure that they came from the same individual. Although the Q-K comparison of autosomal short tandem repeat results did not show full concordance due to allelic drop-outs in some loci, our statistical calculation indicated that the teeth in the pouch are highly likely those of the mummy. Additionally, Q-K comparison of mitochondrial DNA sequence results showed 100% matches between samples. There results, in short, could not gainsay the conjecture that the teeth samples originated from the person buried in the tomb; and if so, he must have kept his teeth for a long time after their loss. As the application of aDNA analysis to Korean mummy studies develops, there will be other opportunities to test historical documents, particularly those referring to funerary rites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Seok Oh
- Anthropology and Paleopathology Lab, Department of Anatomy, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 28 Yongon-Dong, Chongno-Gu, Seoul, 110-799, Korea
| | - Bou-Ja Koh
- Dankook University, 152, Jukjeon-Ro, Suji-Gu, Yongin-Si, Gyeonggi-Do, 448-701, Korea
| | - Dong Soo Yoo
- Department of Radiology, Dankook University College of Medicine, San 29, Anseo-Dong, Chonan City, Chungcheongnam-Do, 330-715, Korea
| | - Jun Bum Park
- Seoul Institute of Cultural Heritages, 833, Tongil-Ro, Eunpyeong-Gu, Seoul, 122-842, Korea
| | - So Ri Min
- Korean Institute for Archaeology and Environment, 26, Mogwanamu-1 Gil, Jochiwon-Eup, Sejong-Si, 339-806, Korea
| | - Yi-Suk Kim
- Department of Anatomy, Graduate School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, 911-1, Mok-Dong, Yangcheon-Gu, Seoul, 158-710, Korea
| | - Sang Sup Lee
- National Forensic Service, 331-1 Shinwol 7-Dong, Yangcheon-Gu, Seoul, 158-707, Korea
| | - Jianye Ge
- Department of Forensic and Investigative Genetics, Institute of Applied Genetics, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas, USA
| | - Seung Bum Seo
- Department of Forensic and Investigative Genetics, Institute of Applied Genetics, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas, USA
| | - Dong Hoon Shin
- Anthropology and Paleopathology Lab, Department of Anatomy, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 28 Yongon-Dong, Chongno-Gu, Seoul, 110-799, Korea
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16
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Oh CS, Seo M, Hong JH, Chai JY, Oh SW, Park JB, Shin DH. Ancient mitochondrial DNA analyses of ascaris eggs discovered in coprolites from joseon tomb. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY 2015; 53:237-42. [PMID: 25925186 PMCID: PMC4416368 DOI: 10.3347/kjp.2015.53.2.237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2014] [Revised: 02/25/2015] [Accepted: 03/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Analysis of ancient DNA (aDNA) extracted from Ascaris is very important for understanding the phylogenetic lineage of the parasite species. When aDNAs obtained from a Joseon tomb (SN2-19-1) coprolite in which Ascaris eggs were identified were amplified with primers for cytochrome b (cyt b) and 18S small subunit ribosomal RNA (18S rRNA) gene, the outcome exhibited Ascaris specific amplicon bands. By cloning, sequencing, and analysis of the amplified DNA, we obtained information valuable for comprehending genetic lineage of Ascaris prevalent among pre-modern Joseon peoples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Seok Oh
- Bioanthropology and Paleopathology Lab, Institute of Forensic Science, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-799, Korea
| | - Min Seo
- Department of Parasitology and Research Center for Mummy, Dankook University, Cheonan 330-715, Korea
| | - Jong Ha Hong
- Bioanthropology and Paleopathology Lab, Institute of Forensic Science, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-799, Korea
| | - Jong-Yil Chai
- Department of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-799, Korea
| | - Seung Whan Oh
- Hangang Institute of Cultural Heritage, Seoul 143-904, Korea
| | | | - Dong Hoon Shin
- Bioanthropology and Paleopathology Lab, Institute of Forensic Science, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-799, Korea
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17
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Abstract
Parasite finds in ancient material launched a new field of science: palaeoparasitology. Ever since the pioneering studies, parasites were identified in archaeological and palaeontological remains, some preserved for millions of years by fossilization. However, the palaeoparasitological record consists mainly of parasites found specifically in human archaeological material, preserved in ancient occupation sites, from prehistory until closer to 2015. The results include some helminth intestinal parasites still commonly found in 2015, such as Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiura and hookworms, besides others such as Amoebidae and Giardia intestinalis, as well as viruses, bacteria, fungi and arthropods. These parasites as a whole provide important data on health, diet, climate and living conditions among ancient populations. This chapter describes the principal findings and their importance for knowledge on the origin and dispersal of infectious diseases.
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Kim MJ, Kim YS, Oh CS, Go JH, Lee IS, Park WK, Cho SM, Kim SK, Shin DH. Anatomical confirmation of computed tomography-based diagnosis of the atherosclerosis discovered in 17th century Korean mummy. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0119474. [PMID: 25816014 PMCID: PMC4376940 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0119474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2014] [Accepted: 01/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study on a newly discovered 17th century Korean mummy, computed tomography (CT) revealed multiple aortic calcifications within the aortic wall that were indicative of ancient atherosclerosis. The CT-based findings were confirmed by our subsequent post-factum dissection, which exhibited possible signs of the disease including ulcerated plaques, ruptured hemorrhages, and intimal thickening where the necrotic core was covered by the fibrous cap. These findings are strong indicators that the mummy suffered from aortic atherosclerosis during her lifetime. The present study is a good example of how CT images of vascular calcifications can be a useful diagnostic tool in forming at least preliminary diagnoses of ancient atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myeung Ju Kim
- Department of Anatomy, Dankook University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Yi-Suk Kim
- Department of Anatomy, Ewha Womans University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chang Seok Oh
- Department of Anatomy, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Institute of Forensic Science, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jai-Hyang Go
- Department of Pathology, Dankook University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Korea
| | - In Sun Lee
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University Hospital, Bundang, Korea
| | - Won-Kyu Park
- Department of Wood and Paper Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Seok-Min Cho
- Gaya National Research Institute of Cultural Heritage, Changwon, Korea
| | - Soon-Kwan Kim
- National Research Institute of Cultural Heritage, Cultural Heritage Science Center, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Dong Hoon Shin
- Department of Anatomy, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Institute of Forensic Science, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Warinner C, Speller C, Collins MJ, Lewis CM. Ancient human microbiomes. J Hum Evol 2015; 79:125-36. [PMID: 25559298 PMCID: PMC4312737 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2014.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2014] [Revised: 07/06/2014] [Accepted: 10/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Very recently, we discovered a vast new microbial self: the human microbiome. Our native microbiota interface with our biology and culture to influence our health, behavior, and quality of life, and yet we know very little about their origin, evolution, or ecology. With the advent of industrialization, globalization, and modern sanitation, it is intuitive that we have changed our relationship with microbes, but we have little information about the ancestral state of our microbiome, and we therefore lack a foundation for characterizing this change. High-throughput sequencing has opened up new opportunities in the field of paleomicrobiology, allowing us to investigate the evolution of the complex microbial ecologies that inhabit our bodies. By focusing on recent coprolite and dental calculus research, we explore how emerging research on ancient human microbiomes is changing the way we think about ancient disease and how archaeological studies can contribute to a medical understanding of health and nutrition today.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Warinner
- Department of Anthropology, University of Oklahoma, 101 David L. Boren Blvd., Norman, OK 73019, USA
| | - Camilla Speller
- Department of Archaeology, University of York, Wentworth Way, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Matthew J Collins
- Department of Archaeology, University of York, Wentworth Way, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Cecil M Lewis
- Department of Anthropology, University of Oklahoma, 101 David L. Boren Blvd., Norman, OK 73019, USA.
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Kim YS, Lee IS, Jung GU, Kim MJ, Oh CS, Yoo DS, Lee WJ, Lee E, Cha SC, Shin DH. Radiological diagnosis of congenital diaphragmatic hernia in 17th century Korean mummy. PLoS One 2014; 9:e99779. [PMID: 24988465 PMCID: PMC4079512 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0099779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2014] [Accepted: 05/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) is a birth defect of the diaphragm resulting in pulmonary sequelae that threaten the lives of infants. In computed tomography (CT) images of a 17th century middle-aged male mummy (the Andong mummy), we observed that the abdominal contents had protruded into the right thoracic cavity through the diaphragmatic defect, accompanied by a mediastinal shift to the left. On autopsy, the defect in the right posterolateral aspect of the diaphragm was reconfirmed, as was the herniation of the abdominal organs. The herniated contents included the right lobe of the liver, the pyloric part of the stomach, a part of the greater omentum, and the right colic flexure connecting the superior part of the ascending colon and the right part of the transverse colon. Taking our CT and autopsy results together, this case was diagnosed as the Bochdalek-type CDH. Herein we make the first ever report of a CT-assisted diagnosis of a pre-modern historical case of CDH. Our results show the promising utility of this modality in investigations of mummified human remains archaeologically obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Suk Kim
- Department of Anatomy, Ewha Womans University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - In Sun Lee
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University Hospital, Bundang, Korea
| | - Go-Un Jung
- Department of Anatomy, Ewha Womans University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Myeung Ju Kim
- Department of Anatomy, Dankook University College of Medicine, Chonan, Korea
| | - Chang Seok Oh
- Department of Anatomy, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Institute of Forensic Science, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dong Su Yoo
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Dankook University College of Medicine, Chonan, Korea
| | - Won-Joon Lee
- Department of Anatomy, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Institute of Forensic Science, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eunju Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Soon Chul Cha
- Dongguk Institute of Cultural Properties, Daegu, Korea
| | - Dong Hoon Shin
- Department of Anatomy, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Institute of Forensic Science, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- * E-mail:
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21
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Seo M, Araujo A, Reinhard K, Chai JY, Shin DH. Paleoparasitological studies on mummies of the Joseon Dynasty, Korea. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY 2014; 52:235-42. [PMID: 25031462 PMCID: PMC4096633 DOI: 10.3347/kjp.2014.52.3.235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2013] [Revised: 05/12/2014] [Accepted: 05/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Paleoparasitology is the application of conventional or molecular investigative techniques to archeological samples in order to reveal parasitic infection patterns among past populations. Although pioneering studies already have reported key paleoparasitological findings around the world, the same sorts of studies had not, until very recently, been conducted in sufficient numbers in Korea. Mummified remains of individuals dating to the Korean Joseon Dynasty actually have proved very meaningful to concerned researchers, owing particularly to their superb preservation status, which makes them ideal subjects for paleoparasitological studies. Over the past several years, our study series on Korean mummies has yielded very pertinent data on parasitic infection patterns prevailing among certain Joseon Dynasty populations. In this short review, we summarized the findings and achievements of our recent paleoparasitological examinations of Joseon mummies and discussed about the prospects for future research in this vein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Seo
- Department of Parasitology, Dankook University College of Medicine, Cheonan 330-714, Korea
| | - Adauto Araujo
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brasil
| | - Karl Reinhard
- School of Natural Resouces, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA
| | - Jong Yil Chai
- Department of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-799, Korea
| | - Dong Hoon Shin
- Institute of Forensic Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-799, Korea
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22
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Ki HC, Shin DH, Seo M, Chai JY. Infection patterns of trematode parasites among Joseon people. JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION 2014. [DOI: 10.5124/jkma.2014.57.10.866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ho Chul Ki
- Institute of Forensic Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dong Hoon Shin
- Institute of Forensic Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Min Seo
- Department of Parasitology, Dankook University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Jong-Yil Chai
- Department of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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23
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Shin DH, Oh CS, Chai JY, Lee HJ, Seo M. Enterobius vermicularis eggs discovered in coprolites from a medieval Korean mummy. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY 2011; 49:323-6. [PMID: 22072838 PMCID: PMC3210855 DOI: 10.3347/kjp.2011.49.3.323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2011] [Revised: 08/04/2011] [Accepted: 08/08/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
While the presence of pinworm eggs in archaeological samples has been reported by many researchers in the New World, those have been detected very scarcely in the Old World, especially in East Asian countries. In fact, many parasite species were recovered from the archeological remains in Korea, eggs of Enterobius vermicularis had not been found. Recently, a female mummy buried in the 17th century was discovered in the Joseon tomb from Dangjin-gun, Chungcheongnam-do, Korea. After rehydration process for 12 days, investigations were carried on the luminal surface of the colon. From them, 3 eggs of E. vermicularis were recovered. They were elliptical, transparent with a thin egg shell, 50.3±5.2 µm (length) and 28.2±3.9 µm (width) in size. This is the first discovery of E. vermicularis eggs in East Asia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Hoon Shin
- Department of Anatomy, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-799, Korea
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Lee HJ, Shin DH, Seo M. Discovery of taeniid eggs from a 17th century tomb in Korea. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY 2011; 49:327-9. [PMID: 22072839 PMCID: PMC3210856 DOI: 10.3347/kjp.2011.49.3.327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2011] [Revised: 04/25/2011] [Accepted: 04/29/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Even though Taenia spp. eggs are occasionally discovered from archeological remains around the world, these eggs have never been discovered in ancient samples from Korea. When we attempted to re-examine the archeological samples maintained in our collection, the eggs of Taenia spp., 5 in total number, were recovered from a tomb of Gongju-si. The eggs had radially striated embryophore, and 37.5-40.0 µm×37.5 µm in size. This is the first report on taeniid eggs from ancient samples of Korea, and it is suggested that intensive examination of voluminous archeological samples should be needed for identification of Taenia spp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Jung Lee
- Department of Parasitology and Research Center for Mummy, College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan 330-714, Korea
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25
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Shin DH, Chai JY, Park EA, Lee W, Lee H, Lee JS, Choi YM, Koh BJ, Park JB, Oh CS, Bok GD, Kim WL, Lee E, Lee EJ, Seo M. Finding ancient parasite larvae in a sample from a male living in late 17th century Korea. J Parasitol 2010; 95:768-71. [PMID: 19071966 DOI: 10.1645/ge-1763.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2008] [Accepted: 11/19/2008] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Parasitological examination of samples from tombs of the Korean Joseon Dynasty (1392-1910) could be helpful to researchers in understanding parasitic infection prevalence in pre-industrial Korean society. Whereas most of our previous parasitological studies revealed the presence of ancient parasite eggs in coprolites of Korean mummies, a sample from a man living in late 17th century Korea proved to be relatively unique in possessing what appeared to be several species of parasite larvae. The larvae identified included Strongyloides stercoralis and Trichostrongylus spp., along with eggs of Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiura, and Paragonimus westermani. Since ancient parasite larvae retain enough morphology to make proper species identification possible, even after long burial times, the examination of parasite larvae within ancient samples will be conducted more carefully in our future work.
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Affiliation(s)
- D H Shin
- Institute of Forensic Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 110-799, South Korea
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Chai JY, Shin EH, Lee SH, Rim HJ. Foodborne intestinal flukes in Southeast Asia. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY 2009; 47 Suppl:S69-102. [PMID: 19885337 PMCID: PMC2769220 DOI: 10.3347/kjp.2009.47.s.s69] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2009] [Revised: 10/05/2009] [Accepted: 10/05/2009] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
In Southeast Asia, a total of 59 species of foodborne intestinal flukes have been known to occur in humans. The largest group is the family Heterophyidae, which constitutes 22 species belonging to 9 genera (Centrocestus, Haplorchis, Heterophyes, Heterophyopsis, Metagonimus, Procerovum, Pygidiopsis, Stellantchasmus, and Stictodora). The next is the family Echinostomatidae, which includes 20 species in 8 genera (Artyfechinostomum, Acanthoparyphium, Echinochasmus, Echinoparyphium, Echinostoma, Episthmium, Euparyphium, and Hypoderaeum). The family Plagiorchiidae follows the next containing 5 species in 1 genus (Plagiorchis). The family Lecithodendriidae includes 3 species in 2 genera (Phaneropsolus and Prosthodendrium). In 9 other families, 1 species in 1 genus each is involved; Cathaemaciidae (Cathaemacia), Fasciolidae (Fasciolopsis), Gastrodiscidae (Gastrodiscoides), Gymnophallidae (Gymnophalloides), Microphallidae (Spelotrema), Neodiplostomidae (Neodiplostomum), Paramphistomatidae (Fischoederius), Psilostomidae (Psilorchis), and Strigeidae (Cotylurus). Various types of foods are sources of human infections. They include freshwater fish, brackish water fish, fresh water snails, brackish water snails (including the oyster), amphibians, terrestrial snakes, aquatic insects, and aquatic plants. The reservoir hosts include various species of mammals or birds.The host-parasite relationships have been studied in Metagonimus yokogawai, Echinostoma hortense, Fasciolopsis buski, Neodiplostomum seoulense, and Gymnophalloides seoi; however, the pathogenicity of each parasite species and host mucosal defense mechanisms are yet poorly understood. Clinical aspects of each parasite infection need more clarification. Differential diagnosis by fecal examination is difficult because of morphological similarity of eggs. Praziquantel is effective for most intestinal fluke infections. Continued efforts to understand epidemiological significance of intestinal fluke infections, with detection of further human cases, are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Yil Chai
- Department of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul 110-799, Korea.
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Sianto L, Chame M, Silva CS, Gonçalves ML, Reinhard K, Fugassa M, Araújo A. Animal helminths in human archaeological remains: a review of zoonoses in the past. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 2009; 51:119-30. [DOI: 10.1590/s0036-46652009000300001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2008] [Accepted: 04/07/2009] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The authors present a review of records of intestinal parasitic helminths from animals in human archaeological remains, reported since the emergence of paleopathological studies. The objective was to relate paleoparasitological findings to geographic, biotic, and abiotic factors from the environment in which the prehistoric populations lived, and understand some aspects related to the process of human dispersion and biological and cultural evolution. Modification of eating habits and the incorporation of new cultural practices are analyzed from the perspective of zoonoses from prehistory to the present day, especially in Brazilian indigenous populations. Three tables identifying the helminths, their natural hosts, dates, and sites of archaeological findings complete this review. In conclusion, various zoonoses known today have occurred since antiquity, and these data, combined with studies on the emergence and reemergence of diseases, could make possible to compose scenarios for the future.
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