1
|
Cutmore SC, Bennett MB, Cribb TH. Morphological and molecular identification of metacestodes infecting teleost fishes of Moreton Bay, Australia. Syst Parasitol 2024; 101:57. [PMID: 39167229 PMCID: PMC11338972 DOI: 10.1007/s11230-024-10183-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2024] [Accepted: 08/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Abstract
In a parasitological survey of fishes from Moreton Bay (southeastern Queensland, Australia), 169 teleost fishes, representing 54 species from 28 families, were examined for larval cestodes. Of these 54 species, 36 were found to be infected by metacestodes. Metacestodes were characterised by morphological and molecular data (the D1-D3 region of the 28S rDNA gene); these data were analysed in parallel to inform larval type allocation. Metacestodes collected represented eight morphological types, seven previously reported (Types I, II, IV, V, VI, VII, and X) and one novel type (Type XVI). Phylogenetic analyses were conducted to genetically match larval types to adult cestodes. Six of the eight larval types found were matched to adult forms: Type I metacestodes matched species of Phoreiobothrium Linton, 1889 (Onchobothriidae); Type II metacestodes matched species of Acanthobothrium van Beneden, 1849 (Onchobothriidae); Type IV metacestodes matched species of Scyphophyllidium Woodland, 1927 and Alexandercestus Ruhnke & Workman, 2013 (Phyllobothriidae); Type VI metacestodes matched species of Anthobothrium van Beneden, 1850 (Tetraphyllidea incertae sedis); Type X metacestodes matched species of Ambitalveolus Caira & Jensen, 2022 (Tetraphyllidea incertae sedis); and Type XVI metacestodes matched species of Platybothrium Linton, 1890 (Onchobothriidae). Based on phylogenetic topology, Type V metacestodes are inferred to match Pedibothrium Linton, 1909 (Balanobothriidae) and Type VII metacestodes are inferred to match Spongiobothrium Linton, 1889 (Rhinebothriidae). These findings support and extend the unified morphological type system proposed previously, but suggest that morphological types will ultimately be informative to identify metacestodes to a group of related genera rather than any distinct genus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Scott C Cutmore
- Queensland Museum, Biodiversity and Geosciences Program, South Brisbane, QLD, 4101, Australia.
- School of The Environment, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia.
| | - Michael B Bennett
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Thomas H Cribb
- Queensland Museum, Biodiversity and Geosciences Program, South Brisbane, QLD, 4101, Australia
- School of The Environment, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Motson K, Hutson KS, Hoey AS. Variation in the parasite communities of three co-occurring herbivorous coral reef fishes. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2023; 102:757-772. [PMID: 36633508 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.15311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Parasites are important, diverse, and abundant components of natural ecosystems and can influence the behaviour and health of their hosts, inter- and intraspecific interactions, and ultimately community structure. Coral reefs are one of the world's most biodiverse ecosystems, yet our understanding of the abundance, diversity, and composition of parasite communities of coral reef fishes is limited. Here, the authors aimed to compare the abundance, richness and composition of parasite communities among three co-occurring herbivorous coral reef fishes (the barred rabbitfish Siganus doliatus, Ward's damsel Pomacentrus wardi and the obscure damsel Pomacentrus adelus) from an inshore reef of the Great Barrier Reef (GBR). In total, 3978 parasites (3869 endoparasites and 109 ectoparasites) from 17 families were recovered from 30 individuals of each of the three fish species (mean = 44 ± 22 s.e. parasites per fish; range = 0-1947 parasites per fish). The parasite communities of P. wardi and P. adelus were characterised by pennellid copepods, derogenid and lecithasterid digeneans and were distinct from those of S. doliatus that were characterised by a higher abundance of atractotrematid and gyliauchenid digeneans. The abundance and family richness of all parasites were greatest in S. doliatus (abundance: 22.1 ± 5.0 parasites per fish; richness: 3.2 ± 0.3 families per fish), intermediate in P. wardi (abundance: 4.8 ± 1.1 parasites per fish; richness: 2.3 ± 0.3 families per fish) and lowest in P. adelus (abundance: 1.4 ± 0.4 parasites per fish; richness: 0.9 ± 0.2 families per fish). Similarly, the abundance of endoparasites was greatest in S. doliatus (19.7 ± 5.1 endoparasites per fish), intermediate in P. wardi (2.6 ± 0.7 endoparasites per fish) and lowest in P. adelus (1.2 ± 0.4 endoparasites per fish). Ectoparasite abundances were also lowest for P. adelus (0.2 ± 0.1 ectoparasites per fish), and S. doliatus and P. wardi had comparable abundances of ectoparasites (1.3 ± 0.3 and 2.1 ± 0.5 parasites per fish, respectively). Similarities between the parasite assemblages of the two pomacentrids may be related to their similar behaviours and/or diets vs. those of the larger-bodied and more mobile rabbitfish. Investigating the causes and consequences of variation in parasite communities across a broader range of fish species will be critical to understand the potential role of parasites in coral reef ecosystems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katie Motson
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
- Centre for Sustainable Tropical Fisheries and Aquaculture, College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - Kate S Hutson
- Centre for Sustainable Tropical Fisheries and Aquaculture, College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
- Aquaculture Group - Aquatic Animal Health Programme, Cawthron Institute, Nelson, New Zealand
| | - Andrew S Hoey
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Narvaez P, Morais RA, Vaughan DB, Grutter AS, Hutson KS. Cleaner fish are potential super-spreaders. J Exp Biol 2022; 225:276034. [PMID: 35855672 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.244469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Cleaning symbiosis is critical for maintaining healthy biological communities in tropical marine ecosystems. However, potential negative impacts of mutualism, such as the transmission of pathogens and parasites during cleaning interactions, have rarely been evaluated. Here, we investigated whether the dedicated bluestreak cleaner wrasse Labroides dimidiatus, is susceptible to, and can transmit generalist ectoparasites between client fish. In laboratory experiments, L. dimidiatus were exposed to infective stages of three generalist ectoparasite species with contrasting life-histories. Labroides dimidiatus were susceptible to infection by the gnathiid isopod, Gnathia aureamaculosa, but significantly less susceptible to the ciliate protozoan, Cryptocaryon irritans, and the monogenean flatworm, Neobenedenia girellae, compared to control host species (Coris batuensis or Lates calcarifer). The potential for parasite transmission from a client fish to the cleaner fish was simulated using experimentally transplanted mobile adult (i.e., egg-producing) monogenean flatworms on L. dimidiatus. Parasites remained attached to cleaners for an average of two days, during which parasite egg production continued, but was reduced compared to control fish. Over this timespan, a wild cleaner may engage in several thousand cleaning interactions, providing numerous opportunities for mobile parasites to exploit cleaners as vectors. Our study provides the first experimental evidence that L. dimidiatus exhibits resistance to infective stages of some parasites yet has the potential to temporarily transport adult parasites. We propose that some parasites that evade being eaten by cleaner fish could exploit cleaning interactions as a mechanism for transmission and spread.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Narvaez
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, 1 James Cook Drive, 5 Townsville, Queensland 4810, Australia.,College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, 1 James Cook Drive, Townsville, Queensland 4810, Australia.,Centre for Sustainable Tropical Fisheries and Aquaculture, James Cook University, 1 James Cook Drive, Townsville, Queensland 4810, Australia
| | - Renato A Morais
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, 1 James Cook Drive, 5 Townsville, Queensland 4810, Australia.,College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, 1 James Cook Drive, Townsville, Queensland 4810, Australia
| | - David B Vaughan
- School of Access Education, Central Queensland University, 554-700 Yaamba Road, Rockhampton, Queensland 4701, Australia.,Coastal Marine Ecosystems Research Centre, Central Queensland University, 554-700 Yaamba Road, Rockhampton, Queensland 4701, Australia
| | - Alexandra S Grutter
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Kate S Hutson
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, 1 James Cook Drive, Townsville, Queensland 4810, Australia.,Centre for Sustainable Tropical Fisheries and Aquaculture, James Cook University, 1 James Cook Drive, Townsville, Queensland 4810, Australia.,Cawthron Institute, 98 Halifax Street East, Nelson 7010, New Zealand
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Williams MA, Faiad S, Claar DC, French B, Leslie KL, Oven E, Guerra AS, Micheli F, Zgliczynski BJ, Haupt AJ, Sandin SA, Wood CL. Life history mediates the association between parasite abundance and geographic features. J Anim Ecol 2022; 91:996-1009. [PMID: 35332535 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.13693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Though parasites are ubiquitous in marine ecosystems, predicting the abundance of parasites present within marine ecosystems has proven challenging due to the unknown effects of multiple interacting environmental gradients and stressors. Furthermore, parasites often are considered as a uniform group within ecosystems despite their significant diversity. We aim to determine the potential importance of multiple predictors of parasite abundance in coral reef ecosystems, including reef area, island area, human population density, chlorophyll-a, host diversity, coral cover, host abundance, and island isolation. Using a model selection approach within a database of more than 1200 individual fish hosts and their parasites from 11 islands within the Pacific Line Islands archipelago, we reveal that geographic gradients, including island area and island isolation, emerged as the best predictors of parasite abundance. Life history moderated the relationship; parasites with complex life cycles increased in abundance with increasing island isolation, while parasites with direct life cycles decreased with increasing isolation. Direct life cycle parasites increased in abundance with increasing island area, though complex life cycle parasite abundance was not associated with island area. This novel analysis of a unique dataset indicates that parasite abundance in marine systems cannot be predicted precisely without accounting for the independent and interactive effects of each parasite's life history and environmental conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maureen A Williams
- School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Department of Biology, McDaniel College, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Sara Faiad
- School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Danielle C Claar
- School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Beverly French
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Marine Biology, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Katie L Leslie
- School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Emily Oven
- School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Ana Sofia Guerra
- Hopkins Marine Station, Stanford University, Pacific Grove, CA, USA
| | - Fiorenza Micheli
- Center for Ocean Solutions, Stanford University, Pacific Grove, CA, USA.,Hopkins Marine Station, Stanford University, Pacific Grove, CA, USA
| | - Brian J Zgliczynski
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Marine Biology, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Alison J Haupt
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.,Department of Marine Science, California State University Monterey Bay, Marina, CA, USA
| | - Stuart A Sandin
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Marine Biology, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Chelsea L Wood
- School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Montoya-Mendoza J, Morales-Sánchez G, Arenas-Fuentes VE, González-Solis D. PARASITIC HELMINTH COMMUNITY OF THE PUDDINGWIFE WRASSE HALICHOERES RADIATUS (LINNAEUS) IN REEFS FROM VERACRUZ, MEXICO. J Parasitol 2021; 107:841-845. [PMID: 34727167 DOI: 10.1645/20-160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
A total of 1,218 helminths ascribed to 11 taxa (6 at species, 3 at generic, 1 at family, and 1 at order level) in 101 specimens of Halichoeres radiatus (Pisces: Labridae) were caught in the Veracruz Coral Reef System National Park, southern Gulf of Mexico. These helminths include 4 trematode species (3 adults and 1 metacercaria), a cestode species (larvae), 5 nematode species (2 adults and 3 larvae), and an acanthocephalan species (juvenile). Nine correspond to new host records, 2 of them are new geographic records, and 6 species were recorded with 1 helminth per infected host. The larvae of Scaphanocephalus expansus (Creplin, 1842) Jägerskiöld, 1903, and larvae of the order Tetraphyllidea were the parasites with the highest prevalence and mean intensity. Species richness (S = 11) and the Shannon-Wiener diversity index (H' = 1.1) were lower than those recorded for host-parasite communities in the locality. The fact that 10 of the total of 11 parasitic species were found in fish intestines suggests that infection is a result of host feeding habits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Montoya-Mendoza
- Tecnológico Nacional de México/Instituto Tecnológico de Boca del Río, Km 12 carretera Veracruz-Córdoba, C.P. 94290, Boca del Río, Veracruz, Mexico
| | - Georgina Morales-Sánchez
- Instituto de Ciencias Marinas y Pesquerías, Universidad Veracruzana, Miguel Hidalgo 616, C.P. 94290, Río Jamapa, Boca del Río, Veracruz, Mexico
| | - Virgilio E Arenas-Fuentes
- Instituto de Ciencias Marinas y Pesquerías, Universidad Veracruzana, Miguel Hidalgo 616, C.P. 94290, Río Jamapa, Boca del Río, Veracruz, Mexico
| | - David González-Solis
- El Colegio de la Frontera Sur, Unidad Chetumal, Av. Centenario Km 5.5, C.P. 77014, Chetumal, Quintana Roo, Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Eissa IAM, Gadallah AO, Hashim M, Noureldin EA, Bayoumy EM, Haridy M. First record of the nematode, Huffmanela sp. infecting the broomtail wrasse ( Cheilinus lunulatus) from Egypt. J Parasit Dis 2020; 45:228-235. [PMID: 33746408 DOI: 10.1007/s12639-020-01295-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A total of 385 Red Sea coral reef fish representing three species; Broom tail wrasse (Cheilinus lunulatus), Blacktip grouper (Epinephelus fasciatus) and Rabbit fish (Siganus sp.). were examined for the presence of nematode Huffmanela species. The eggs of Huffmanela species were isolated and identified only from the C. lunulatus. The total prevalence of Huffmanela sp. infestation were 69.5%. The highest prevalence was observed in winter and the lowest in spring and summer. The prevalence was increased in correlation with fish body weight. Fully developed eggs of Huffmanela species were dark brown embryonated, elongated, with slightly protruding plugs. A high density of Huffmanela sp. eggs with different developmental stages packed the epithelial layer of the gas bladder. The surrounding tissue of gas bladder was hemorrhagic and sometimes necrotic associated with chronic inflammatory cell infiltration. This is the first record of Huffmanela species infestation in Broom tail wrasse C. lunulatus, Red Sea coral reef fishes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ismail A M Eissa
- Department of Fish Diseases and Management, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Ahmed O Gadallah
- National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, Hurghada Branch, Hurghada, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud Hashim
- Department of Fish Diseases and Management, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, New Valley University, Elkharja, Egypt
| | - Essam A Noureldin
- Department of Fish Diseases and Management, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University, Qena, 83523 Egypt
| | - Elsayed M Bayoumy
- Parasitology Lab, Hydrobiology Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Egypt
| | - Mohie Haridy
- Department of Pathology and Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University, Qena, 83523 Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Sikkel PC, Cook CA, Renoux LP, Bennett CL, Tuttle LJ, Smit NJ. The distribution and host-association of a haemoparasite of damselfishes (Pomacentridae) from the eastern Caribbean based on a combination of morphology and 18S rDNA sequences. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR PARASITOLOGY-PARASITES AND WILDLIFE 2018; 7:213-220. [PMID: 29988386 PMCID: PMC6024192 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijppaw.2018.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Revised: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Coral reefs harbor the greatest biodiversity per unit area of any ecosystem on earth. While parasites constitute the majority of this biodiversity, they remain poorly studied due to the cryptic nature of many parasites and the lack of appropriate training among coral reef ecologists. Damselfishes (Pomacentridae) are among the most abundant and diverse fishes on coral reefs. In a recent study of blood parasites of Caribbean reef fishes, the first ever apicomplexan blood parasites discovered in damselfishes were reported for members of the genus Stegastes. While these blood parasites were characterized as “Haemohormidium-like”, they appear to be distinct from any other known apicomplexan. In this study, we examined host associations, geographic distributions, and provide further insights on the phylogenetic affiliation of this parasite. A combination of morphological characteristics and 18S rDNA sequences suggest that this parasite may be the same species at multiple sites and occurs from the southern to the northern extreme of the eastern Caribbean, although it appears rare in the north. At present it appears to be limited to members of the genus Stegastes and infects all life history stages. It is most common in benthophagous species that occur in high population densities and appears basal to a major monophyletic clade containing species of coccidia, distinct from the Piroplasmida, the order to which Haemohormidium spp. have been assigned. These findings suggest a possible fecal-oral mode of transmission. A new species of Haemorhormidium-like apicomplexan blood parasite has recently been discovered in Caribbean damselfishes. Morphological and molecular data indicate that it is widespread in the eastern Caribbean. This parasite is limited to damselfish species of the genus Stegastes and infects juveniles and adults. It is most common in benthophagous species that occur in high population densities. This parasite resembles coccidia but 18S rDNA show it to be distinct from known genera, as well as genera of piroplasms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paul C Sikkel
- Department of Biological Sciences and Environmental Sciences Program, Arkansas State University, State University, AR, USA.,Water Research Group, Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Courtney A Cook
- Water Research Group, Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Lance P Renoux
- Department of Biological Sciences and Environmental Sciences Program, Arkansas State University, State University, AR, USA
| | - Courtney L Bennett
- Department of Biological Sciences and Environmental Sciences Program, Arkansas State University, State University, AR, USA.,Sarasota High School, 2155 Bahia Vista St, Sarasota, FL 34239, USA
| | - Lillian J Tuttle
- Pacific Biosciences Research Center, University of Hawai'i at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Nico J Smit
- Water Research Group, Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Leung TLF. Fossils of parasites: what can the fossil record tell us about the evolution of parasitism? Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2015; 92:410-430. [PMID: 26538112 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2015] [Revised: 10/09/2015] [Accepted: 10/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Parasites are common in many ecosystems, yet because of their nature, they do not fossilise readily and are very rare in the geological record. This makes it challenging to study the evolutionary transition that led to the evolution of parasitism in different taxa. Most studies on the evolution of parasites are based on phylogenies of extant species that were constructed based on morphological and molecular data, but they give us an incomplete picture and offer little information on many important details of parasite-host interactions. The lack of fossil parasites also means we know very little about the roles that parasites played in ecosystems of the past even though it is known that parasites have significant influences on many ecosystems. The goal of this review is to bring attention to known fossils of parasites and parasitism, and provide a conceptual framework for how research on fossil parasites can develop in the future. Despite their rarity, there are some fossil parasites which have been described from different geological eras. These fossils include the free-living stage of parasites, parasites which became fossilised with their hosts, parasite eggs and propagules in coprolites, and traces of pathology inflicted by parasites on the host's body. Judging from the fossil record, while there were some parasite-host relationships which no longer exist in the present day, many parasite taxa which are known from the fossil record seem to have remained relatively unchanged in their general morphology and their patterns of host association over tens or even hundreds of millions of years. It also appears that major evolutionary and ecological transitions throughout the history of life on Earth coincided with the appearance of certain parasite taxa, as the appearance of new host groups also provided new niches for potential parasites. As such, fossil parasites can provide additional data regarding the ecology of their extinct hosts, since many parasites have specific life cycles and transmission modes which reflect certain aspects of the host's ecology. The study of fossil parasites can be conducted using existing techniques in palaeontology and palaeoecology, and microscopic examination of potential material such as coprolites may uncover more fossil evidence of parasitism. However, I also urge caution when interpreting fossils as examples of parasites or parasitism-induced traces. I point out a number of cases where parasitism has been spuriously attributed to some fossil specimens which, upon re-examination, display traits which are just as (if not more) likely to be found in free-living taxa. The study of parasite fossils can provide a more complete picture of the ecosystems and evolution of life throughout Earth's history.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tommy L F Leung
- Department of Zoology Centre for Behavioural and Physiological Ecology, Zoology, University of New England, Armidale, New South Wales 2351, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Nezhybová V, Mašová Š. Basic epidemiological data on metazoan parasites of noto-thenioid fish off James Ross Island (Prince Gustav Channel, Weddell Sea), Antarctica. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.5817/cpr2015-1-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
During the Czech Antarctic expedition 2014, 102 fish of six species (Trematomus hansoni, T.bernacchii, T. newnesi, Notothenia coriiceps, Parachaenichthys charcoti, Pagothenia borchgrevinki) were examined for parasites. The fish were caught in the Prince Gustav Channel (depth about 5–25 m) off the Johann Gregor Mendel Station on the James Ross Island. Altogether 7,925 metazoan parasites were found, which were identified to individual groups (usually classes). The most abundant were nematode larvae (prevalence 97.0 %, mean abundance 32.7 larvae/per fish), followed by acanthocephalans, especially larvae of species of Corynosoma (76.5%, 14.9) and monogeneans (77.5%, 13.0). Cestodes (Diphyllobothriidea, Tetraphyllidea) were represented by larval stages whereas trematodes only by adults. Our preliminary data may help in future studies on fish parasites in Antarctica because they indicate the most abundant groups of parasites occurring in notothenioid fish.
Collapse
|
10
|
Kamiya T, O'Dwyer K, Nakagawa S, Poulin R. What determines species richness of parasitic organisms? A meta-analysis across animal, plant and fungal hosts. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2013; 89:123-34. [DOI: 10.1111/brv.12046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2013] [Revised: 05/10/2013] [Accepted: 05/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tsukushi Kamiya
- Department of Zoology; University of Otago; Dunedin 9054 New Zealand
| | - Katie O'Dwyer
- Department of Zoology; University of Otago; Dunedin 9054 New Zealand
| | - Shinichi Nakagawa
- Department of Zoology; University of Otago; Dunedin 9054 New Zealand
| | - Robert Poulin
- Department of Zoology; University of Otago; Dunedin 9054 New Zealand
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Langford GJ, Janovy J. Host Specificity of North AmericanRhabdiasspp. (Nematoda: Rhabdiasidae): Combining Field Data and Experimental Infections with a Molecular Phylogeny. J Parasitol 2013; 99:277-86. [DOI: 10.1645/ge-3217.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
|
12
|
Blakeslee AMH, Fowler AE, Keogh CL. Marine invasions and parasite escape: updates and new perspectives. ADVANCES IN MARINE BIOLOGY 2013; 66:87-169. [PMID: 24182900 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-408096-6.00002-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Marine invasions have risen over time with enhanced globalization, and so has the introduction of non-native hosts and their parasites. An important and well-supported paradigm of invasion biology is the significant loss of parasites that hosts enjoy in introduced regions compared to native regions (i.e. parasite escape), yet less is known about the factors that influence parasite escape in marine systems. Here, we compile an up-to-date review of marine parasite invasions and test several hypotheses related to host invasion pathway that we suspected could influence parasite escape across the 31 host-parasite systems included in our investigation. In general, we continued to show significant support for parasite escape; however, escape varied among parasite taxa, with most taxa demonstrating moderate levels of escape and a few showing complete or no escape. Moreover, we revealed several important factors related to host taxa, geography, time, and vector of introduction that influenced parasite escape, and in some cases demonstrated significant interactions, revealing the complexity of the invasion pathway in filtering parasites from native to introduced regions. In some (but not all) cases, there was also evidence of invasive host advantages due to parasite escape, but more evidence is required to demonstrate clear support for the enemy release hypothesis. In general, our study revealed the need for further research across systems, especially in understudied regions of the world.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- April M H Blakeslee
- Biology Department, Long Island University-Post, Brookville, New York, USA; Marine Invasions Laboratory, Smithsonian Environmental Research Center, Edgewater, Maryland, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Locke SA, McLaughlin JD, Marcogliese DJ. Predicting the similarity of parasite communities in freshwater fishes using the phylogeny, ecology and proximity of hosts. OIKOS 2012. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0706.2012.20211.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
14
|
Lagrue C, Kelly DW, Hicks A, Poulin R. Factors influencing infection patterns of trophically transmitted parasites among a fish community: host diet, host-parasite compatibility or both? JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2011; 79:466-485. [PMID: 21781103 DOI: 10.1111/j.1095-8649.2011.03041.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Parasite infection patterns were compared with the occurrence of their intermediate hosts in the diet of nine sympatric fish species in a New Zealand lake. Stomach contents and infection levels of three gastrointestinal helminth species were examined from the entire fish community. The results highlighted some links between fish host diet and the flow of trophically transmitted helminths. Stomach contents indicated that all but one fish species were exposed to these helminths through their diet. Host feeding behaviour best explained infection patterns of the trematode Coitocaecum parvum among the fish community. Infection levels of the nematode Hedruris spinigera and the acanthocephalan Acanthocephalus galaxii, however, were not correlated with host diets. Host specificity is thus likely to modulate parasite infection patterns. The data indicate that host diet and host-parasite compatibility both contribute to the distribution of helminths in the fish community. Furthermore, the relative influence of encounter (trophic interactions between prey and predator hosts) and compatibility (host suitability) filters on infection levels appeared to vary between host-parasite species associations. Therefore, understanding parasite infection patterns and their potential impacts on fish communities requires determining the relative roles of encounter and compatibility filters within and across all potential host-parasite associations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Lagrue
- Laboratoire Biogéosciences, UMR CNRS 5561, Equipe Ecologie Evolutive, Université de Bourgogne, 6 Boulevard Gabriel, 21000 Dijon, France.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Rohlenová K, Morand S, Hyršl P, Tolarová S, Flajšhans M, Simková A. Are fish immune systems really affected by parasites? An immunoecological study of common carp (Cyprinus carpio). Parasit Vectors 2011; 4:120. [PMID: 21708010 PMCID: PMC3155493 DOI: 10.1186/1756-3305-4-120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2011] [Accepted: 06/27/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The basic function of the immune system is to protect an organism against infection in order to minimize the fitness costs of being infected. According to life-history theory, energy resources are in a trade-off between the costly demands of immunity and other physiological demands. Concerning fish, both physiology and immunity are influenced by seasonal changes (i.e. temporal variation) associated to the changes of abiotic factors (such as primarily water temperature) and interactions with pathogens and parasites. In this study, we investigated the potential associations between the physiology and immunocompetence of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) collected during five different periods of a given year. Our sampling included the periods with temporal variability and thus, it presented a different level in exposure to parasites. We analyzed which of two factors, seasonality or parasitism, had the strongest impact on changes in fish physiology and immunity. Results We found that seasonal changes play a key role in affecting the analyzed measurements of physiology, immunity and parasitism. The correlation analysis revealed the relationships between the measures of overall host physiology, immunity and parasite load when temporal variability effect was removed. When analyzing separately parasite groups with different life-strategies, we found that fish with a worse condition status were infected more by monogeneans, representing the most abundant parasite group. The high infection by cestodes seems to activate the phagocytes. A weak relationship was found between spleen size and abundance of trematodes when taking into account seasonal changes. Conclusions Even if no direct trade-off between the measures of host immunity and physiology was confirmed when taking into account the seasonality, it seems that seasonal variability affects host immunity and physiology through energy allocation in a trade-off between life important functions, especially reproduction and fish condition. Host immunity measures were not found to be in a trade-off with the investigated physiological traits or functions, but we confirmed the immunosuppressive role of 11-ketotestosterone on fish immunity measured by complement activity. We suggest that the different parasite life-strategies influence different aspects of host physiology and activate the different immunity pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karolína Rohlenová
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, 611 37 Brno, Czech Republic
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Justine JL, Beveridge I, Boxshall GA, Bray RA, Moravec F, Trilles JP, Whittington ID. An annotated list of parasites (Isopoda, Copepoda, Monogenea, Digenea, Cestoda and Nematoda) collected in groupers (Serranidae, Epinephelinae) in New Caledonia emphasizes parasite biodiversity in coral reef fish. Folia Parasitol (Praha) 2011; 57:237-62. [PMID: 21344838 DOI: 10.14411/fp.2010.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Abstract: Over a 7-year period, parasites have been collected from 28 species of groupers (Serranidae, Epinephelinae) in the waters off New Caledonia. Host-parasite and parasite-host lists are provided, with a total of 337 host-parasite combinations, including 146 parasite identifications at the species level. Results are included for isopods (5 species), copepods (19), monogeneans (56), digeneans (28), cestodes (12), and nematodes (12). When results are restricted to those 14 fish species for which more than five specimens were examined and to parasites identified at the species level, 109 host-parasite combinations were recorded, with 63 different species, of which monogeneans account for half (32 species), and an average of 4.5 parasite species per fish species. Digenean records were compared for 16 fish species shared with the study of Cribb et al. (2002); based on a total of 90 parasite records identified at the species level, New Caledonia has 17 new records and only seven species were already known from other locations. We hypothesize that the present results represent only a small part of the actual biodiversity, and we predict a biodiversity of 10 different parasite species and 30 host-parasite combinations per serranid. A comparison with a study on Heron Island (Queensland, Australia) by Lester and Sewell (1989) was attempted: of the four species of fish in common and in a total of 91 host-parasite combinations, only six parasites identified at the species level were shared. This suggests strongly that insufficient sampling impairs proper biogeographical or ecological comparisons. Probably only 3% of the parasite species of coral reef fish are already known in New Caledonia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Lou Justine
- UMR 7138 Systématique, Adaptation, Evolution, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, 57, rue Cuvier, 75231 Paris cedex 05, France.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Multiscale determinants of parasite abundance: A quantitative hierarchical approach for coral reef fishes. Int J Parasitol 2010; 40:443-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2009.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2009] [Revised: 09/22/2009] [Accepted: 09/29/2009] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
18
|
Are the immunocompetence and the presence of metazoan parasites in cyprinid fish affected by reproductive efforts of cyprinid fish? J Biomed Biotechnol 2010; 2010:418382. [PMID: 20145709 PMCID: PMC2817375 DOI: 10.1155/2010/418382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2009] [Accepted: 10/23/2009] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Each organism has
the limited resources of energy that is
distributed among important life traits. A
trade-off between immune response and other
physiological demands of organism especially
costly reproduction is expected.
Leuciscus cephalus, the
cyprinid fish, was investigated during three
periods varying in reproductive investment, that
is, before-breeding, breeding, and
after-breeding periods. We tested whether a potentially
limited investment in immunity during the
breeding is associated with higher
susceptibility to the metazoan parasites.
Following the immunocompetence handicap and
sperm protection hypotheses, males expressing
more elaborated sexual ornamentation should
produce better quality sperm and be more
parasitized. We found that reproductive
investments in fish play an important role for
energy allocation into somatic condition,
immunity, and reproduction. The immune parameters
including respiratory burst and leukocyte count
were higher in breeding; however, parasite
species richness and abundance appeared low.
Males investing more in spawning tubercles
reached high spermatocrite and were more
parasitized by digeneans.
Collapse
|
19
|
Parasite communities of a fish assemblage from the intertidal rocky zone of central Chile: similarity and host specificity between temporal and resident fish. Parasitology 2009; 136:1291-303. [PMID: 19646306 DOI: 10.1017/s0031182009990758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The different species of a fish assemblage can, to some extent, be similar in terms of their parasite communities, which can be associated with certain ecological host traits. This study compared the parasite community descriptors between temporal and resident fish species composing an intertidal assemblage from central Chile. Host specificity and similarity indices of parasite communities among the fish species were also considered. A total of 1097 fish representing 14 species were collected during spring and summer of 2 consecutive years. A total spectrum of 40 parasite species was found, of which copepods and trematodes were the commonest. Congeneric fish species had the highest similarities in their parasite communities. Based on a cluster analysis, using only some fish species, no group was distinguished using abundance or prevalence of parasites, because 50% of parasite species had high host specificity and only few of them were shared among fish species. Adult parasites showed high host specificity and were found mainly in resident intertidal fish, whereas the temporal fish had parasites with different degrees of specificity. Consequently, resident intertidal fish were characterized by their own parasite species, meaning that their transmissions might be restricted to the intertidal zone.
Collapse
|
20
|
Vignon M, Sasal P, Galzin R. Host introduction and parasites: a case study on the parasite community of the peacock grouper Cephalopholis argus (Serranidae) in the Hawaiian Islands. Parasitol Res 2008; 104:775-82. [DOI: 10.1007/s00436-008-1254-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2008] [Accepted: 10/23/2008] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
21
|
Parasite assemblages of European bitterling (Rhodeus amarus), composition and effects of habitat type and host body size. Parasitol Res 2008; 102:1001-11. [DOI: 10.1007/s00436-007-0867-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2007] [Accepted: 12/19/2007] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|