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Orobeti S, Sima LE, Porosnicu I, Diplasu C, Giubega G, Cojocaru G, Ungureanu R, Dobrea C, Serbanescu M, Mihalcea A, Stancu E, Staicu CE, Jipa F, Bran A, Axente E, Sandel S, Zamfirescu M, Tiseanu I, Sima F. First in vitro cell co-culture experiments using laser-induced high-energy electron FLASH irradiation for the development of anti-cancer therapeutic strategies. Sci Rep 2024; 14:14866. [PMID: 38937505 PMCID: PMC11211417 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-65137-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Radiation delivery at ultrahigh dose rates (UHDRs) has potential for use as a new anticancer therapeutic strategy. The FLASH effect induced by UHDR irradiation has been shown to maintain antitumour efficacy with a reduction in normal tissue toxicity; however, the FLASH effect has been difficult to demonstrate in vitro. The objective to demonstrate the FLASH effect in vitro is challenging, aiming to reveal a differential response between cancer and normal cells to further identify cell molecular mechanisms. New high-intensity petawatt laser-driven accelerators can deliver very high-energy electrons (VHEEs) at dose rates as high as 1013 Gy/s in very short pulses (10-13 s). Here, we present the first in vitro experiments carried out on cancer cells and normal non-transformed cells concurrently exposed to laser-plasma accelerated (LPA) electrons. Specifically, melanoma cancer cells and normal melanocyte co-cultures grown on chamber slides were simultaneously irradiated with LPA electrons. A non-uniform dose distribution on the cell cultures was revealed by Gafchromic films placed behind the chamber slide supporting the cells. In parallel experiments, cell co-cultures were exposed to pulsed X-ray irradiation, which served as positive controls for radiation-induced nuclear DNA double-strand breaks. By measuring the impact on discrete areas of the cell monolayers, the greatest proportion of the damaged DNA-containing nuclei was attained by the LPA electrons at a cumulative dose one order of magnitude lower than the dose obtained by pulsed X-ray irradiation. Interestingly, in certain discrete areas, we observed that LPA electron exposure had a different effect on the DNA damage in healthy normal human epidermal melanocyte (NHEM) cells than in A375 melanoma cells; here, the normal cells were less affected by the LPA exposure than cancer cells. This result is the first in vitro demonstration of a differential response of tumour and normal cells exposed to FLASH irradiation and may contribute to the development of new cell culture strategies to explore fundamental understanding of FLASH-induced cell effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefana Orobeti
- National Institute for Laser, Plasma and Radiation Physics (INFLPR), 409 Atomistilor Street, RO-077125, Magurele, Romania
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry of the Romanian Academy, 296 Splaiul Independentei, 060031, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Livia Elena Sima
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry of the Romanian Academy, 296 Splaiul Independentei, 060031, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ioana Porosnicu
- National Institute for Laser, Plasma and Radiation Physics (INFLPR), 409 Atomistilor Street, RO-077125, Magurele, Romania
| | - Constantin Diplasu
- National Institute for Laser, Plasma and Radiation Physics (INFLPR), 409 Atomistilor Street, RO-077125, Magurele, Romania
| | - Georgiana Giubega
- National Institute for Laser, Plasma and Radiation Physics (INFLPR), 409 Atomistilor Street, RO-077125, Magurele, Romania
| | - Gabriel Cojocaru
- National Institute for Laser, Plasma and Radiation Physics (INFLPR), 409 Atomistilor Street, RO-077125, Magurele, Romania
| | - Razvan Ungureanu
- National Institute for Laser, Plasma and Radiation Physics (INFLPR), 409 Atomistilor Street, RO-077125, Magurele, Romania
| | - Cosmin Dobrea
- National Institute for Laser, Plasma and Radiation Physics (INFLPR), 409 Atomistilor Street, RO-077125, Magurele, Romania
| | - Mihai Serbanescu
- National Institute for Laser, Plasma and Radiation Physics (INFLPR), 409 Atomistilor Street, RO-077125, Magurele, Romania
| | - Alexandru Mihalcea
- National Institute for Laser, Plasma and Radiation Physics (INFLPR), 409 Atomistilor Street, RO-077125, Magurele, Romania
| | - Elena Stancu
- National Institute for Laser, Plasma and Radiation Physics (INFLPR), 409 Atomistilor Street, RO-077125, Magurele, Romania
| | - Cristina Elena Staicu
- National Institute for Laser, Plasma and Radiation Physics (INFLPR), 409 Atomistilor Street, RO-077125, Magurele, Romania
| | - Florin Jipa
- National Institute for Laser, Plasma and Radiation Physics (INFLPR), 409 Atomistilor Street, RO-077125, Magurele, Romania
| | - Alexandra Bran
- National Institute for Laser, Plasma and Radiation Physics (INFLPR), 409 Atomistilor Street, RO-077125, Magurele, Romania
| | - Emanuel Axente
- National Institute for Laser, Plasma and Radiation Physics (INFLPR), 409 Atomistilor Street, RO-077125, Magurele, Romania
| | - Simion Sandel
- National Institute for Laser, Plasma and Radiation Physics (INFLPR), 409 Atomistilor Street, RO-077125, Magurele, Romania
| | - Marian Zamfirescu
- National Institute for Laser, Plasma and Radiation Physics (INFLPR), 409 Atomistilor Street, RO-077125, Magurele, Romania
| | - Ion Tiseanu
- National Institute for Laser, Plasma and Radiation Physics (INFLPR), 409 Atomistilor Street, RO-077125, Magurele, Romania
| | - Felix Sima
- National Institute for Laser, Plasma and Radiation Physics (INFLPR), 409 Atomistilor Street, RO-077125, Magurele, Romania.
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Chai W, Kong Y, Escalona MB, Hu C, Balajee AS, Huang Y. Evaluation of Low-dose Radiation-induced DNA Damage and Repair in 3D Printed Human Cellular Constructs. HEALTH PHYSICS 2023; Publish Ahead of Print:00004032-990000000-00091. [PMID: 37294952 DOI: 10.1097/hp.0000000000001709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) induced by ionizing radiation (IR) are considered to be the most critical lesion that when unrepaired or misrepaired leads to genomic instability or cell death depending on the radiation exposure dose. The potential health risks associated with exposures of low-dose radiation are of concern since they are being increasingly used in diverse medical and non-medical applications. Here, we have used a novel human tissue-like 3-dimensional bioprint to evaluate low-dose radiation-induced DNA damage response. For the generation of 3-dimensional tissue-like constructs, human hTERT immortalized foreskin fibroblast BJ1 cells were extrusion printed and further enzymatically gelled in a gellan microgel-based support bath. Low-dose radiation-induced DSBs and repair were analyzed in the tissue-like bioprints by indirect immunofluorescence using a well-known DSB surrogate marker, 53BP1, at different post-irradiation times (0.5 h, 6 h, and 24 h) after treatment with various doses of γ rays (50 mGy, 100 mGy, and 200 mGy). The 53BP1 foci showed a dose dependent induction in the tissue bioprints after 30 min of radiation exposure and subsequently declined at 6 h and 24 h in a dose-dependent manner. The residual 53BP1 foci number observed at 24 h post-irradiation time for the γ-ray doses of 50 mGy, 100 mGy, and 200 mGy was not statistically different from mock treated bioprints illustrative of an efficient DNA repair response at these low-dose exposures. Similar results were obtained for yet another DSB surrogate marker, γ-H2AX (phosphorylated form of histone H2A variant) in the human tissue-like constructs. Although we have primarily used foreskin fibroblasts, our bioprinting approach-mimicking a human tissue-like microenvironment-can be extended to different organ-specific cell types for evaluating the radio-response at low-dose and dose-rates of IR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxuan Chai
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611
| | - Yunfan Kong
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611
| | - Maria B Escalona
- Cytogenetic Biodosimetry Laboratory, Radiation Emergency Assistance Center/Training Site, Oak Ridge Associated Universities, 1299 Bethel Valley Road, Oak Ridge, TN 37830
| | - Chunshan Hu
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611
| | - Adayabalam S Balajee
- Cytogenetic Biodosimetry Laboratory, Radiation Emergency Assistance Center/Training Site, Oak Ridge Associated Universities, 1299 Bethel Valley Road, Oak Ridge, TN 37830
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Luo D, Mladenov E, Soni A, Stuschke M, Iliakis G. The p38/MK2 Pathway Functions as Chk1-Backup Downstream of ATM/ATR in G 2-Checkpoint Activation in Cells Exposed to Ionizing Radiation. Cells 2023; 12:1387. [PMID: 37408221 DOI: 10.3390/cells12101387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
We have recently reported that in G2-phase cells (but not S-phase cells) sustaining low loads of DNA double-strand break (DSBs), ATM and ATR regulate the G2-checkpoint epistatically, with ATR at the output-node, interfacing with the cell cycle through Chk1. However, although inhibition of ATR nearly completely abrogated the checkpoint, inhibition of Chk1 using UCN-01 generated only partial responses. This suggested that additional kinases downstream of ATR were involved in the transmission of the signal to the cell cycle engine. Additionally, the broad spectrum of kinases inhibited by UCN-01 pointed to uncertainties in the interpretation that warranted further investigations. Here, we show that more specific Chk1 inhibitors exert an even weaker effect on G2-checkpoint, as compared to ATR inhibitors and UCN-01, and identify the MAPK p38α and its downstream target MK2 as checkpoint effectors operating as backup to Chk1. These observations further expand the spectrum of p38/MK2 signaling to G2-checkpoint activation, extend similar studies in cells exposed to other DNA damaging agents and consolidate a role of p38/MK2 as a backup kinase module, adding to similar backup functions exerted in p53 deficient cells. The results extend the spectrum of actionable strategies and targets in current efforts to enhance the radiosensitivity in tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daxian Luo
- Institute of Medical Radiation Biology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
- Division of Experimental Radiation Biology, Department of Radiation Therapy, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Emil Mladenov
- Institute of Medical Radiation Biology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
- Division of Experimental Radiation Biology, Department of Radiation Therapy, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Aashish Soni
- Institute of Medical Radiation Biology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
- Division of Experimental Radiation Biology, Department of Radiation Therapy, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Martin Stuschke
- Division of Experimental Radiation Biology, Department of Radiation Therapy, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site University Hospital Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - George Iliakis
- Institute of Medical Radiation Biology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
- Division of Experimental Radiation Biology, Department of Radiation Therapy, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
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Roggan MD, Kronenberg J, Wollert E, Hoffmann S, Nisar H, Konda B, Diegeler S, Liemersdorf C, Hellweg CE. Unraveling astrocyte behavior in the space brain: Radiation response of primary astrocytes. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1063250. [PMID: 37089489 PMCID: PMC10116417 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1063250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023] Open
Abstract
IntroductionExposure to space conditions during crewed long-term exploration missions can cause several health risks for astronauts. Space radiation, isolation and microgravity are major limiting factors. The role of astrocytes in cognitive disturbances by space radiation is unknown. Astrocytes' response toward low linear energy transfer (LET) X-rays and high-LET carbon (12C) and iron (56Fe) ions was compared to reveal possible effects of space-relevant high-LET radiation. Since astronauts are exposed to ionizing radiation and microgravity during space missions, the effect of simulated microgravity on DNA damage induction and repair was investigated.MethodsPrimary murine cortical astrocytes were irradiated with different doses of X-rays, 12C and 56Fe ions at the heavy ion accelerator GSI. DNA damage and repair (γH2AX, 53BP1), cell proliferation (Ki-67), astrocytes' reactivity (GFAP) and NF-κB pathway activation (p65) were analyzed by immunofluorescence microscopy. Cell cycle progression was investigated by flow cytometry of DNA content. Gene expression changes after exposure to X- rays were investigated by mRNA-sequencing. RT-qPCR for several genes of interest was performed with RNA from X-rays- and heavy-ion-irradiated astrocytes: Cdkn1a, Cdkn2a, Gfap, Tnf, Il1β, Il6, and Tgfβ1. Levels of the pro inflammatory cytokine IL-6 were determined using ELISA. DNA damage response was investigated after exposure to X-rays followed by incubation on a 2D clinostat to simulate the conditions of microgravity.ResultsAstrocytes showed distinct responses toward the three different radiation qualities. Induction of radiation-induced DNA double strand breaks (DSBs) and the respective repair was dose-, LET- and time-dependent. Simulated microgravity had no significant influence on DNA DSB repair. Proliferation and cell cycle progression was not affected by radiation qualities examined in this study. Astrocytes expressed IL-6 and GFAP with constitutive NF-κB activity independent of radiation exposure. mRNA sequencing of X-irradiated astrocytes revealed downregulation of 66 genes involved in DNA damage response and repair, mitosis, proliferation and cell cycle regulation.DiscussionIn conclusion, primary murine astrocytes are DNA repair proficient irrespective of radiation quality. Only minor gene expression changes were observed after X-ray exposure and reactivity was not induced. Co-culture of astrocytes with microglial cells, brain organoids or organotypic brain slice culture experiments might reveal whether astrocytes show a more pronounced radiation response in more complex network architectures in the presence of other neuronal cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Denise Roggan
- Department of Radiation Biology, Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Cologne, Germany
| | - Jessica Kronenberg
- Department of Radiation Biology, Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Cologne, Germany
- Microgravity User Support Center (MUSC), German Aerospace Center (DLR), Cologne, Germany
| | - Esther Wollert
- Department of Radiation Biology, Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Cologne, Germany
| | - Sven Hoffmann
- Department of Radiation Biology, Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Cologne, Germany
- Department of Gravitational Biology, Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Cologne, Germany
| | - Hasan Nisar
- Department of Radiation Biology, Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Cologne, Germany
- Department of Medical Sciences, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (PIEAS), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Bikash Konda
- Department of Radiation Biology, Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Cologne, Germany
| | - Sebastian Diegeler
- Department of Radiation Biology, Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Cologne, Germany
- Department of Radiation Oncology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Christian Liemersdorf
- Department of Gravitational Biology, Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Cologne, Germany
| | - Christine E. Hellweg
- Department of Radiation Biology, Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Cologne, Germany
- *Correspondence: Christine E. Hellweg
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Ahn H, Kim JH, Lee KC, Park JA, Kim JY, Lee YJ, Lee YJ. Early Prediction of Radiation-Induced Pulmonary Fibrosis Using Gastrin-Releasing Peptide Receptor-Targeted PET Imaging. Mol Pharm 2023; 20:267-278. [PMID: 36542354 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.2c00632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Early diagnosis of radiation-induced pulmonary fibrosis (RIPF) in lung cancer patients after radiation therapy is important. A gastrin-releasing peptide receptor (GRPR) mediates the inflammation and fibrosis after irradiation in mice lungs. Previously, our group synthesized a GRPR-targeted positron emission tomography (PET) imaging probe, [64Cu]Cu-NODAGA-galacto-bombesin (BBN), an analogue peptide of GRP. In this study, we evaluated the usefulness of [64Cu]Cu-NODAGA-galacto-BBN for the early prediction of RIPF. We prepared RIPF mice and acquired PET/CT images of [18F]F-FDG and [64Cu]Cu-NODAGA-galacto-BBN at 0, 2, 5, and 11 weeks after irradiation (n = 3-10). We confirmed that [64Cu]Cu-NODAGA-galacto-BBN targets GRPR in irradiated RAW 264.7 cells. In addition, we examined whether [64Cu]Cu-NODAGA-galacto-BBN monitors the therapeutic efficacy in RIPF mice (n = 4). As a result, the lung uptake ratio (irradiated-to-normal) of [64Cu]Cu-NODAGA-galacto-BBN was the highest at 2 weeks, followed by its decrease at 5 and 11 weeks after irradiation, which matched with the expression of GRPR and was more accurately predicted than [18F]F-FDG. These uptake results were also confirmed by the cell uptake assay. Furthermore, [64Cu]Cu-NODAGA-galacto-BBN could monitor the therapeutic efficacy of pirfenidone in RIPF mice. We conclude that [64Cu]Cu-NODAGA-galacto-BBN is a novel PET imaging probe for the early prediction of RIPF-targeting GRPR expressed during the inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heesu Ahn
- Division of Applied RI, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul 01812, South Korea
| | - Ji-Hee Kim
- Division of Radiation Biomedical, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul 01812, South Korea
| | - Kyo Chul Lee
- Division of Applied RI, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul 01812, South Korea
| | - Ji-Ae Park
- Division of Applied RI, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul 01812, South Korea
| | - Jung Young Kim
- Division of Applied RI, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul 01812, South Korea
| | - Yoon-Jin Lee
- Division of Radiation Biomedical, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul 01812, South Korea
| | - Yong Jin Lee
- Division of Applied RI, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul 01812, South Korea
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Parker JB, Griffin MF, Downer MA, Akras D, Berry CE, Cotterell AC, Gurtner GC, Longaker MT, Wan DC. Chelating the valley of death: Deferoxamine's path from bench to wound clinic. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1015711. [PMID: 36873870 PMCID: PMC9975168 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1015711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
There is undisputable benefit in translating basic science research concretely into clinical practice, and yet, the vast majority of therapies and treatments fail to achieve approval. The rift between basic research and approved treatment continues to grow, and in cases where a drug is granted approval, the average time from initiation of human trials to regulatory marketing authorization spans almost a decade. Albeit with these hurdles, recent research with deferoxamine (DFO) bodes significant promise as a potential treatment for chronic, radiation-induced soft tissue injury. DFO was originally approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 1968 for the treatment of iron overload. However, investigators more recently have posited that its angiogenic and antioxidant properties could be beneficial in treating the hypovascular and reactive-oxygen species-rich tissues seen in chronic wounds and radiation-induced fibrosis (RIF). Small animal experiments of various chronic wound and RIF models confirmed that treatment with DFO improved blood flow and collagen ultrastructure. With a well-established safety profile, and now a strong foundation of basic scientific research that supports its potential use in chronic wounds and RIF, we believe that the next steps required for DFO to achieve FDA marketing approval will include large animal studies and, if those prove successful, human clinical trials. Though these milestones remain, the extensive research thus far leaves hope for DFO to bridge the gap between bench and wound clinic in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer B Parker
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States.,Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Michelle F Griffin
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Mauricio A Downer
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Deena Akras
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Charlotte E Berry
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Asha C Cotterell
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Geoffrey C Gurtner
- Department of Surgery, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Michael T Longaker
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States.,Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Derrick C Wan
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
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Mori S, Akita H, Kobayashi S, Iwagami Y, Yamada D, Tomimaru Y, Noda T, Gotoh K, Takeda Y, Tanemura M, Doki Y, Eguchi H. Inhibition of c-MET reverses radiation-induced malignant potential in pancreatic cancer. Cancer Lett 2021; 512:51-59. [PMID: 33965452 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2021.04.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
As a treatment option for PDAC, radiation therapy induces good local control. However, radiation also reportedly enhances the malignant potential (e.g., invasion and migration ability) in various cancers, thus increasing the risk of distant metastasis. It remains unclear how radiation induces malignant potential, and how such enhanced malignant potential can be suppressed. In the current study, we evaluated the sequential change of c-Met expression in pancreatic cancer cells following irradiation. We found that irradiation transiently induced c-Met expression in vitro. In an in vivo subcutaneous tumor mouse model, irradiation also enhanced downstream phosphorylated Met (p-Met). Furthermore, this enhancement of p-Met protein expression was suppressed by oral administration of the c-Met inhibitor INC280. Irradiated pancreatic cancer cells with enhanced c-Met expression exhibited higher malignant potential, including invasion and migration ability, compared with cells showing low c-Met expression. Pancreatic cancer cells that overexpressed c-met also showed enhanced malignant potential, which was reversed by c-Met inhibition. Additionally, c-Met inhibitor suppressed the metastatic potential in a liver metastasis mouse model using c-met-overexpressing cells. Overall, our present results revealed that irradiation could induce c-met expression in pancreatic cancer cells, leading to enhanced malignant potential (e.g., invasion and migration ability) and thus promoting distant metastasis. Moreover, a c-Met inhibitor could reverse this enhanced malignant potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soichiro Mori
- Department of Surgery, Osaka Rosai Hospital, Osaka, 591-8025, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Akita
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, 541-8567, Japan
| | - Shogo Kobayashi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Yoshifumi Iwagami
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Daisaku Yamada
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yoshito Tomimaru
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Takehiro Noda
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kunihito Gotoh
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yutaka Takeda
- Department of Surgery, Kansai Rosai Hospital, Hyogo, 660-8511, Japan
| | - Masahiro Tanemura
- Department of Surgery, Rinku General Medical Center, Osaka, 598-8577, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Doki
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Eguchi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
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Kato S, Kuwata K. Pro-/anti-oxidative properties of dopamine on membrane lipid peroxidation upon X-ray irradiation. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2021.109518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Shelke S, Das B. Radio-adaptive response and correlation of non-homologous end joining repair gene polymorphisms [XRRC5 (3R/2R/1R/0R), XRCC6(C/G) and XRCC7 (G/T)] in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells exposed to gamma radiation. Genes Environ 2021; 43:9. [PMID: 33685509 PMCID: PMC7938547 DOI: 10.1186/s41021-021-00176-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Radio-adaptive response (RAR) is transient phenomena, where cells conditioned with a small dose (priming) of ionizing radiation shows significantly reduced DNA damage with a subsequent high challenging dose. The role of DNA double strand break repair gene polymorphism in RAR is not known. In the present study attempt was made to find out the influence of NHEJ repair gene polymorphisms [a VNTR; XRCC5 (3R/2R/1R/0R); two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs); XRCC6 (C/G) and XRCC7 (G/T)] with DNA damage, repair and mRNA expression in human PBMCs in dose and adaptive response studies. Genomic DNA extracted from venous blood samples of 20 random healthy donors (16 adaptive and 4 non-adaptive) and genotyping of NHEJ repair genes was carried out using PCR amplified length polymorphism. RESULTS The dose response study revealed significant positive correlation of genotypes at XRRC5 (3R/2R/1R/0R), XRCC6(C/G) and XRCC7 (G/T) with DNA damage. Donors having genotypes with 2R allele at XRCC5 showed significant positive correlation with mRNA expression level (0R/2R: r = 0.846, P = 0.034; 1R/2R: r = 0.698, P = 0.0001 and 2R/2R: r = 0.831, P = 0.0001) for dose response. Genotypes C/C and C/G of XRCC6 showed a significant positive correlation (P = 0.0001), whereas, genotype T/T of XRCC7 showed significant negative correlation (r = - 0.376, P = 0.041) with mRNA expression. CONCLUSION Interestingly, adaptive donors having C/G genotype of XRCC6 showed significantly higher (P < 0.05) mRNA expression level in primed cells suggesting their role in RAR. In addition, NHEJ repair gene polymorphisms play crucial role with radio-sensitivity and RAR in human PBMCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shridevi Shelke
- Low Level Radiation Research Section, Radiation Biology & Health Sciences Division, Bio-Sciences Group, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai, 400 085, India
| | - Birajalaxmi Das
- Low Level Radiation Research Section, Radiation Biology & Health Sciences Division, Bio-Sciences Group, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai, 400 085, India.
- Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Anushaktinagar, Mumbai, 400094, India.
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Rozhdestvensky LM. Challenges in the Design of Russian Radiation Protection Means in the Crisis Period: The Search for Key Directions of Development. BIOL BULL+ 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s1062359020120080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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11
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Huang J, Li JJ. Multiple Dynamics in Tumor Microenvironment Under Radiotherapy. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1263:175-202. [PMID: 32588328 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-44518-8_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME) is an evolutionally low-level and embryonically featured tissue comprising heterogenic populations of malignant and stromal cells as well as noncellular components. Under radiotherapy (RT), the major modality for the treatment of malignant diseases [1], TME shows an adaptive response in multiple aspects that affect the efficacy of RT. With the potential clinical benefits, interests in RT combined with immunotherapy (IT) are intensified with a large scale of clinical trials underway for an array of cancer types. A better understanding of the multiple molecular aspects, especially the cross talks of RT-mediated energy reprogramming and immunoregulation in the irradiated TME (ITME), will be necessary for further enhancing the benefit of RT-IT modality. Coming studies should further reveal more mechanistic insights of radiation-induced instant or permanent consequence in tumor and stromal cells. Results from these studies will help to identify critical molecular pathways including cancer stem cell repopulation, metabolic rewiring, and specific communication between radioresistant cancer cells and the infiltrated immune active lymphocytes. In this chapter, we will focus on the following aspects: radiation-repopulated cancer stem cells (CSCs), hypoxia and re-oxygenation, reprogramming metabolism, and radiation-induced immune regulation, in which we summarize the current literature to illustrate an integrated image of the ITME. We hope that the contents in this chapter will be informative for physicians and translational researchers in cancer radiotherapy or immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Huang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Jian Jian Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA. .,NCI-Designated Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA.
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12
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Wang H, Li X, Peng R, Wang Y, Wang J. Stereotactic ablative radiotherapy for colorectal cancer liver metastasis. Semin Cancer Biol 2020; 71:21-32. [PMID: 32629077 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2020.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Survival improvement of colorectal liver metastasis (CRLM) benefits from systemic therapy and metastasis-directed local therapy. Stereotactic ablative body radiotherapy (SABR), as a new efficient metastasis-directed local therapy with a systematic impact, plays a vital role in CRLM multidisciplinary treatment. SABR leads to a dramatic immunological change in the tumor microenvironment (TME) via differential activation of cytoprotective and cytotoxic pathways in malignant and non-malignant cells, in addition to direct tumor cell death. The synergy of SABR and immunotherapy might increase the abscopal response rate of out-field lesions by targeting different steps of the immune-mediated response, in addition to direct intratumoral cell death. The clinical treatment and efficacy of SABR, its influence on TME, and potential molecular underpinnings of which are the topic of this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Peking University Third Hospital, 49 North Garden Road, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Xuemin Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Peking University Third Hospital, 49 North Garden Road, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Ran Peng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Peking University Third Hospital, 49 North Garden Road, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Yuxia Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Peking University Third Hospital, 49 North Garden Road, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Junjie Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Peking University Third Hospital, 49 North Garden Road, Beijing, 100191, China.
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Jalali AH, Mozdarani H, Ghanaati H. The genotoxic effects of contrast enhanced abdominopelvic 3-tesla magnetic resonance imaging on human circulating leucocytes. Eur J Radiol 2020; 129:109037. [PMID: 32446124 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2020.109037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Revised: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the effects of contrast enhanced abdominopelvic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) on DNA damage. METHODS For this study, blood samples of 20 volunteers (15 women and 5 men) with mean age of 43 ± 8 years were assessed. The mean age of women was 41.4 ± 8.9 years and mean age of men was 48.5 ± 4.9 years (P = 0.14). Peripheral blood samples were collected before, 2 and 24 h after MRI in heparin and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) containing tubes. Heparinized blood was cultured to assess the cytogenetic effects using cytokinesis blocked micronucleus (CBMN) assay. After isolation of mononuclear cells, alterations in genes involved in repair (CHEK2, p21) and apoptosis (BAX, BCL2) were analyzed using real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). RESULTS The mean number of MN in binucleated cells at before, 2 and 24 h after MRI were 17.9 ± 2.9, 18.1 ± 2.4 and 18.3 ± 2.6, respectively (p > 0.05). Results of gene expression according to fold change compared with the baseline were 1.2 ± 0.6 and 1.02 ± 0.5 at 2 and 24 h after MRI for CHEK2, and 1.3 ± 0.7 and 1.7 ± 0.7 for CDKN1A (p21); respectively (p > 0.05). Gene expression based on fold change compared with baseline were 0.9 ± 0.6 and 1.2 ± 0.8 at 2 and 24 h after MRI for BAX, and 1.05 ± 0.3 and 1.1 ± 0.7 for BCL2; respectively (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION Contrast enhanced abdominopelvic MRI showed no adverse effect on DNA in terms of MN formation and alterations in expression levels of some genes involved in repair and apoptosis pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Hossein Jalali
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Mozdarani
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Hossein Ghanaati
- Advanced Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Orekhova NYA. Hepatic effects of low-dose rate radiation in natural mouse populations ( Apodemus uralensis and Apodemus agrarius): comparative interspecific analysis. Int J Radiat Biol 2020; 96:1038-1050. [PMID: 32412327 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2020.1770362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Hypothesis: Natural mouse populations in radioactive contamination zone provide adequate information about dose loads and biological effects for 'non-human biota'. The comparative analysis of the responses of different species of mice allows us to reveal the possible variation in the effects of low-dose rate radiation relative to the ecological-physiological and functional-metabolic features of the species.Materials and methods: Objects of study - two sympatric rodent species [pygmy wood mouse (Apodemus uralensis Pallas, 1811) and striped field mouse (Apodemus agrarius Pallas, 1771)] caught on the territory of the East-Ural radioactive trace (EURT). The EURT zone is consequence the Kyshtym accident in South Urals in 1957. Nowadays, the main dose-forming radionuclide is β-emitting 90Sr. The individual dose rate of impacted mice caused by internal exposure to 90Sr varied from 0.021 to 0.152 mGy/day. The baseline functional-metabolic characteristics of the liver were researched: protein-, lipid-, and glycogen-synthesizing processes; glycolysis; aerobic synthesis of ATP; lipid peroxidation; and the H2O2-scavenging enzymatic status; and the functional activity of the genome.Results: The hepatic shifts for impacted populations are amplified with increasing dose rate of irradiation, regardless of which species is considered. But, the response of closely related species of rodents to irradiation is different both in the vector and the level (in A. agrarius sample was 2 time higher than that for A. uralensis).Conclusion: The radiation-induced hepatic shifts in A. uralensis from the EURT area correspond to the chronic response under stressful environmental conditions. The impacted population of A. agrarius can be considered the more reactive species to the radiation burden, demonstrating an acute effect. The interspecies contrast in the radiation response is associated with the original interspecies differences (background rodents' samples in 28 km from the impact study site), and also the degree of residency of the species in the impact plots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natal Ya A Orekhova
- Institute of Plant and Animal Ecology, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Yekaterinburg, Russia
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15
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Pathomburi J, Nalampang S, Makeudom A, Klangjorhor J, Supanchart C, Krisanaprakornkit S. Effects of low-dose irradiation on human osteoblasts and periodontal ligament cells. Arch Oral Biol 2019; 109:104557. [PMID: 31557575 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2019.104557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Revised: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of dental x-ray on proliferation and mineralization in human primary osteoblasts as well as on proliferation and apoptotic potential in human periodontal ligament (PDL) cells. DESIGN Primary osteoblasts and PDL cells were irradiated with various doses of periapical radiography by repeated exposures and further incubated for 1, 3 or 7 days. Cell proliferation was assayed by BrdU incorporation. The effect of dental x-ray on mineralization in osteoblasts either before or after x-ray exposures was determined by Alizarin red staining. Both mRNA and protein expressions of BCL-2, an anti-apoptotic gene, and BAX, a pro-apoptotic gene, in PDL cells were analyzed by RT-qPCR and immunoblotting analysis, respectively. RESULTS Neither the proliferative nor the mineralization ability of irradiated osteoblasts was different from that of non-irradiated osteoblasts at any doses or time points. By contrast, there was a significant decrease in the proliferation of PDL cells on day 3 after repeated exposures to dental x-ray for 20 times (P < 0.05), whereas the ratio of BCL-2 to BAX mRNA and protein expressions in these irradiated PDL cells was significantly increased (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Upon multiple exposures to dental x-ray used in intraoral radiography up to 20 times, there is no effect on the proliferation or the mineralization of osteoblasts, whereas the proliferative and apoptotic potentials of PDL cells are transiently decreased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jarinya Pathomburi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Sakarat Nalampang
- Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Anupong Makeudom
- Center of Excellence in Oral and Maxillofacial Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Jeerawan Klangjorhor
- Musculoskeletal Science and Translational Research Center, Department of Orthopedics, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Chayarop Supanchart
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Oral and Maxillofacial Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Suttichai Krisanaprakornkit
- Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Oral and Maxillofacial Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.
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Biological Rationale for Targeting MEK/ERK Pathways in Anti-Cancer Therapy and to Potentiate Tumour Responses to Radiation. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20102530. [PMID: 31126017 PMCID: PMC6567863 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20102530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Revised: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
ERK1 and ERK2 (ERKs), two extracellular regulated kinases (ERK1/2), are evolutionary-conserved and ubiquitous serine-threonine kinases involved in regulating cell signalling in normal and pathological tissues. The expression levels of these kinases are almost always different, with ERK2 being the more prominent. ERK1/2 activation is fundamental for the development and progression of cancer. Since their discovery, much research has been dedicated to their role in mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) pathway signalling and in their activation by mitogens and mutated RAF or RAS in cancer cells. In order to gain a better understanding of the role of ERK1/2 in MAPK pathway signalling, many studies have been aimed at characterizing ERK1/2 splicing isoforms, mutants, substrates and partners. In this review, we highlight the differences between ERK1 and ERK2 without completely discarding the hypothesis that ERK1 and ERK2 exhibit functional redundancy. The main goal of this review is to shed light on the role of ERK1/2 in targeted therapy and radiotherapy and highlight the importance of identifying ERK inhibitors that may overcome acquired resistance. This is a highly relevant therapeutic issue that needs to be addressed to combat tumours that rely on constitutively active RAF and RAS mutants and the MAPK pathway.
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Jangiam W, Udomtanakunchai C, Reungpatthanaphong P, Tungjai M, Honikel L, Gordon CR, Rithidech KN. Late Effects of Low-Dose Radiation on the Bone Marrow, Lung, and Testis Collected From the Same Exposed BALB/cJ Mice. Dose Response 2018; 16:1559325818815031. [PMID: 30622448 PMCID: PMC6302279 DOI: 10.1177/1559325818815031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Revised: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
We used 3 biological metrics highly relevant to health risks, that is, cell death, inflammation, and global DNA methylation, to determine the late effects of low doses (0.05 or 0.1 Gy) of 137Cs γ rays on the bone marrow, lung, and testis collected at 6 months post-irradiation from the same exposed BALB/cJ mouse. This integrative approach has not been used for such a purpose. Mice exposed to 0 or 1 Gy of radiation served as a sham or positive control group, respectively. The results could deliver information for better health risk assessment across tissues, including better scientific basis for radiation protection and clinical application. We found no changes in the levels of all studied biological metrics (except a significant increase in the levels of an anti-inflammatory cytokine, ie, interleukin 10) in tissues of 0.05-Gy exposed mice, when compared to those in sham controls. In contrast, significantly increased levels of cell death and inflammation, including a significant loss of global 5-hydroxymethylcytosine, were found in all tissues of the same mice exposed to 0.1 or 1.0 Gy. Our data demonstrated not only no harm but also hormesis in the 0.05-Gy exposed mice. However, the hormetic effect appears to be dependent on biological metrics and tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Witawat Jangiam
- Pathology Department, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Burapha University, Chonburi, Thailand
| | - Chatchanok Udomtanakunchai
- Pathology Department, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
- Department of Radiologic Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Paiboon Reungpatthanaphong
- Pathology Department, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
- Department of Applied Radiation and Isotopes, Faculty of Sciences, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Montree Tungjai
- Pathology Department, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
- Department of Radiologic Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Louise Honikel
- Pathology Department, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Chris R. Gordon
- Pathology Department, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
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18
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Gholami YH, Willowson KP, Forwood NJ, Harvie R, Hardcastle N, Bromley R, Ryu H, Yuen S, Howell VM, Kuncic Z, Bailey DL. Comparison of radiobiological parameters for 90Y radionuclide therapy (RNT) and external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) in vitro. EJNMMI Phys 2018; 5:18. [PMID: 30175390 PMCID: PMC6119681 DOI: 10.1186/s40658-018-0217-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Dose rate variation is a critical factor affecting radionuclide therapy (RNT) efficacy. Relatively few studies to date have investigated the dose rate effect in RNT. Therefore, the aim of this study was to benchmark 90Y RNT (at different dose rates) against external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) in vitro and compare cell kill responses between the two irradiation processes. Results Three human colorectal carcinoma (CRC) cell lines (HT29, HCT116, SW48) were exposed to 90Y doses in the ranges 1–10.4 and 6.2–62.3 Gy with initial dose rates of 0.013–0.13 Gy/hr (low dose rate, LDR) and 0.077–0.77 Gy/hr (high dose rate, HDR), respectively. Results were compared to a 6-MV photon beam doses in the range from 1–9 Gy with constant dose rate of 277 Gy/hr. The cell survival parameters from the linear quadratic (LQ) model were determined. Additionally, Monte Carlo simulations were performed to calculate the average dose, dose rate and the number of hits in the cell nucleus. For the HT29 cell line, which was the most radioresistant, the α/β ratio was found to be ≈ 31 for HDR–90Y and ≈ 3.5 for EBRT. LDR–90Y resulting in insignificant cell death compared to HDR–90Y and EBRT. Simulation results also showed for LDR–90Y, for doses ≲ 3 Gy, the average number of hits per cell nucleus is ≲ 2 indicating insufficiently delivered lethal dose. For 90Y doses \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$\gtrsim $\end{document}≳ 3 Gy the number of hits per nucleus decreases rapidly and falls below ≈ 2 after ≈ 5 days of incubation time. Therefore, our results demonstrate that LDR–90Y is radiobiologically less effective than EBRT. However, HDR–90Y at ≈ 56 Gy was found to be radiobiologically as effective as acute ≈ 8 Gy EBRT. Conclusion These results demonstrate that the efficacy of RNT is dependent on the initial dose rate at which radiation is delivered. Therefore, for a relatively long half-life radionuclide such as 90Y, a higher initial activity is required to achieve an outcome as effective as EBRT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaser H Gholami
- University of Sydney, School of Physics, Sydney, Australia.,University of Sydney, Discipline of Medical Radiation Science, Sydney, Australia
| | | | - Nicholas J Forwood
- Royal North Shore Hospital (RNSH), Department of Nuclear Medicine, Sydney, Australia
| | - Rozelle Harvie
- Bill Walsh Translational Cancer Research Laboratory, The Kolling Institute, Northern Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, Australia
| | - Nicholas Hardcastle
- Royal North Shore Hospital (RNSH), Department of Radiation Oncology, Sydney, Australia
| | - Regina Bromley
- Royal North Shore Hospital (RNSH), Department of Radiation Oncology, Sydney, Australia
| | - HyunJu Ryu
- Royal North Shore Hospital (RNSH), Department of Nuclear Medicine, Sydney, Australia
| | - Samuel Yuen
- Bill Walsh Translational Cancer Research Laboratory, The Kolling Institute, Northern Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, Australia
| | - Viive M Howell
- Bill Walsh Translational Cancer Research Laboratory, The Kolling Institute, Northern Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, Australia.,The University of Sydney Northern Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Zdenka Kuncic
- University of Sydney, School of Physics, Sydney, Australia
| | - Dale L Bailey
- University of Sydney, School of Physics, Sydney, Australia. .,University of Sydney, Discipline of Medical Radiation Science, Sydney, Australia. .,Royal North Shore Hospital (RNSH), Department of Nuclear Medicine, Sydney, Australia.
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Voos P, Fuck S, Weipert F, Babel L, Tandl D, Meckel T, Hehlgans S, Fournier C, Moroni A, Rödel F, Thiel G. Ionizing Radiation Induces Morphological Changes and Immunological Modulation of Jurkat Cells. Front Immunol 2018; 9:922. [PMID: 29760710 PMCID: PMC5936756 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Impairment or stimulation of the immune system by ionizing radiation (IR) impacts on immune surveillance of tumor cells and non-malignant cells and can either foster therapy response or side effects/toxicities of radiation therapy. For a better understanding of the mechanisms by which IR modulates T-cell activation and alters functional properties of these immune cells, we exposed human immortalized Jurkat cells and peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) to X-ray doses between 0.1 and 5 Gy. This resulted in cellular responses, which are typically observed also in naïve T-lymphocytes in response of T-cell receptor immune stimulation or mitogens. These responses include oscillations of cytosolic Ca2+, an upregulation of CD25 surface expression, interleukin-2 and interferon-γ synthesis, elevated expression of Ca2+ sensitive K+ channels and an increase in cell diameter. The latter was sensitive to inhibition by the immunosuppressant cyclosporine A, Ca2+ buffer BAPTA-AM, and the CDK1-inhibitor RO3306, indicating the involvement of Ca2+-dependent immune activation and radiation-induced cell cycle arrest. Furthermore, on a functional level, Jurkat and PBL cell adhesion to endothelial cells was increased upon radiation exposure and was highly dependent on an upregulation of integrin beta-1 expression and clustering. In conclusion, we here report that IR impacts on immune activation and functional properties of T-lymphocytes that may have implications in both toxic effects and treatment response to combined radiation and immune therapy in cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Voos
- Department of Biology, Membrane Biophysics, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Sebastian Fuck
- Department of Biology, Membrane Biophysics, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Fabian Weipert
- Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, Goethe-University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Laura Babel
- Department of Biology, Membrane Biophysics, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Dominique Tandl
- Department of Biology, Membrane Biophysics, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Tobias Meckel
- Department of Biology, Membrane Biophysics, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Stephanie Hehlgans
- Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, Goethe-University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Claudia Fournier
- Department of Biophysics, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Anna Moroni
- Department of Biosciences and CNR IBF-Mi, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Franz Rödel
- Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, Goethe-University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Gerhard Thiel
- Department of Biology, Membrane Biophysics, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
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Nagasawa H, Lin YF, Kato TA, Brogan JR, Shih HY, Kurimasa A, Bedford JS, Chen BPC, Little JB. Coordination of the Ser2056 and Thr2609 Clusters of DNA-PKcs in Regulating Gamma Rays and Extremely Low Fluencies of Alpha-Particle Irradiation to G 0/G 1 Phase Cells. Radiat Res 2017; 187:259-267. [PMID: 28118114 DOI: 10.1667/rr14679.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The catalytic subunit of DNA dependent protein kinase (DNA-PKcs) and its kinase activity are critical for mediation of non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ) of DNA double-strand breaks (DSB) in mammalian cells after gamma-ray irradiation. Additionally, DNA-PKcs phosphorylations at the T2609 cluster and the S2056 cluster also affect DSB repair and cellular sensitivity to gamma radiation. Previously we reported that phosphorylations within these two regions affect not only NHEJ but also homologous recombination repair (HRR) dependent DSB repair. In this study, we further examine phenotypic effects on cells bearing various combinations of mutations within either or both regions. Effects studied included cell killing as well as chromosomal aberration induction after 0.5-8 Gy gamma-ray irradiation delivered to synchronized cells during the G0/G1 phase of the cell cycle. Blocking phosphorylation within the T2609 cluster was most critical regarding sensitization and depended on the number of available phosphorylation sites. It was also especially interesting that only one substitution of alanine in each of the two clusters separately abolished the restoration of wild-type sensitivity by DNA-PKcs. Similar patterns were seen for induction of chromosomal aberrations, reflecting their connection to cell killing. To study possible change in coordination between HRR and NHEJ directed repair in these DNA-PKcs mutant cell lines, we compared the induction of sister chromatid exchanges (SCEs) by very low fluencies of alpha particles with mutant cells defective in the HRR pathway that is required for induction of SCEs. Levels of true SCEs induced by very low fluence of alpha-particle irradiation normally seen in wild-type cells were only slightly decreased in the S2056 cluster mutants, but were completely abolished in the T2609 cluster mutants and were indistinguishable from levels seen in HRR deficient cells. Again, a single substitution in the S2056 together with a single substitution in the T2609 cluster abolished SCE formation and thus also effectively interferes with HRR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hatsumi Nagasawa
- a Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523
| | - Yu-Fen Lin
- b Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, Texas 75390
| | - Takamitsu A Kato
- a Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523
| | - John R Brogan
- a Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523
| | - Hung-Ying Shih
- b Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, Texas 75390
| | - Akihiro Kurimasa
- c Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Japan, 981-8558; and
| | - Joel S Bedford
- a Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523
| | - Benjamin P C Chen
- b Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, Texas 75390
| | - John B Little
- d Department of Genetics and Complex Diseases, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
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Nasef A, Fouillard L, El-Taguri A, Lopez M. Human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells. Libyan J Med 2016. [DOI: 10.3402/ljm.v2i4.4729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- A. Nasef
- EA 1638 –Hématologie, Faculté de Médicine Saint-Antoine, Université de Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris VI, 27 Rue de Chaligny, 75012 Paris, France and
| | - L. Fouillard
- EA 1638 –Hématologie, Faculté de Médicine Saint-Antoine, Université de Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris VI, 27 Rue de Chaligny, 75012 Paris, France and
| | | | - M. Lopez
- EA 1638 –Hématologie, Faculté de Médicine Saint-Antoine, Université de Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris VI, 27 Rue de Chaligny, 75012 Paris, France and
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Liu Q, Sun Y, Lv Y, Le Z, Xin Y, Zhang P, Liu Y. TERT alleviates irradiation-induced late rectal injury by reducing hypoxia-induced ROS levels through the activation of NF-κB and autophagy. Int J Mol Med 2016; 38:785-93. [PMID: 27431814 PMCID: PMC4990283 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2016.2673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2015] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The hypoxic microenvironment which is present following irradiation has been proven to promote radiation-induced injury to normal tissues. Previous studies have demonstrated that telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) is regulated by hypoxia, and that it plays a protective role in the process of wound repair. However, its effects on radiation-induced injury remain unclear. In this study, we examined the effects of human TERT on irradiation-induced late rectal injury in fibroblasts under hypoxic conditions. We also performed in vivo experiments. The rectums of 5-week-old female C57BL/6N mice were irradiated locally with a single dose of 25 Gy. We then examined the fibrotic changes using hematoxylin and eosin staining, and Masson's staining. The expression of hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) and TERT was analyzed by immunohistochemistry. In in vitro experiments, apoptosis, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and the autophagy level induced by exposure to hypoxia were assayed in fibroblasts. The association between TERT, nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and the autophagy level was examined by western blot analysis. The antioxidant effects of TERT were examined on the basis of the ratio of glutathione to glutathione disulfide (GSH/GSSG) and mitochondrial membrane potential. Rectal fibrosis was induced significantly at 12 weeks following irradiation. The HIF-1α and TERT expression levels increased in the fibrotic region. The TERT-overexpressing fibroblasts (transfected with an hTERT-expressing lentiviral vector) exhibited reduced apoptosis, reduced ROS production, a higher autophagy level, a higher GSH/GSSG ratio and stable mitochondrial membrane potential compared with the fibroblasts in which TERT had been silenced by siRNA. NF-κB was activated by TERT, and the inhibition of TERT reduced the autophagy level in the fibroblasts. These results demonstrate that TERT decreases cellular ROS production, while maintaining mitochondrial function and protecting the cells from hypoxia-induced apoptosis, which may thus attenuate the effects of irradiation-induced hypoxia on rectal injury following irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Liu
- Cancer Research Institute, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Yong Sun
- Cancer Research Institute, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Yuefeng Lv
- Department of Obstetrics, Shiyan Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medcine, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, P.R. China
| | - Ziyu Le
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Yuhu Xin
- Cancer Research Institute, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Ping Zhang
- Cancer Research Institute, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Yong Liu
- Cancer Research Institute, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
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Affiliation(s)
- Ross Mikkelsen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298-0058, USA.
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24
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Li J, Xu J, Lu Y, Qiu L, Xu W, Lu B, Hu Z, Chu Z, Chai Y, Zhang J. MASM, a Matrine Derivative, Offers Radioprotection by Modulating Lethal Total-Body Irradiation-Induced Multiple Signaling Pathways in Wistar Rats. Molecules 2016; 21:molecules21050649. [PMID: 27196884 PMCID: PMC6273364 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21050649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2016] [Revised: 04/25/2016] [Accepted: 05/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Matrine is an alkaloid extracted from Sophora flavescens Ait and has many biological activities, such as anti-inflammatory, antitumor, anti-fibrosis, and immunosuppressive properties. In our previous studies, the matrine derivative MASM was synthesized and exhibited potent inhibitory activity against liver fibrosis. In this study, we mainly investigated its protection against lethal total-body irradiation (TBI) in rats. Administration of MASM reduced the radiation sickness characteristics and increased the 30-day survival of rats before or after lethal TBI. Ultrastructural observation illustrated that pretreatment of rats with MASM significantly attenuated the TBI-induced morphological changes in the different organs of irradiated rats. Gene expression profiles revealed that pretreatment with MASM had a dramatic effect on gene expression changes caused by TBI. Pretreatment with MASM prevented differential expression of 53% (765 genes) of 1445 differentially expressed genes induced by TBI. Pathway enrichment analysis indicated that these genes were mainly involved in a total of 21 pathways, such as metabolic pathways, pathways in cancer, and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways. Our data indicated that pretreatment of rats with MASM modulated these pathways induced by TBI, suggesting that the pretreatment with MASM might provide the protective effects on lethal TBI mainly or partially through the modulation of these pathways, such as multiple MAPK pathways. Therefore, MASM has the potential to be used as an effective therapeutic or radioprotective agent to minimize irradiation damages and in combination with radiotherapy to improve the efficacy of cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianzhong Li
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Jing Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China.
- Department of Pharmacy, East Hospital, Dongji University, Shanghai 200085, China.
| | - Yiming Lu
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Lei Qiu
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Weiheng Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Bin Lu
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Zhenlin Hu
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Zhiyong Chu
- The Naval Medical Research Institute, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Yifeng Chai
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Junping Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China.
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25
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Olsson G, Czene S, Haghdoost S, Harms-Ringdahl M. Transient delay of radiation-induced apoptosis by phorbol acetate. RADIATION AND ENVIRONMENTAL BIOPHYSICS 2016; 55:95-102. [PMID: 26581877 DOI: 10.1007/s00411-015-0626-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2015] [Accepted: 11/04/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The mechanisms of interference of a model tumour promoter 12-O-tetra-decanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) with radiation-induced apoptosis in human peripheral lymphocytes have been investigated. The cells were treated with TPA under various conditions and thereafter exposed to a single lethal dose of gamma radiation. Morphological and biochemical changes characteristic of apoptosis were followed up to 72 h of post-irradiation time. Acute exposure to low concentration of TPA resulted in delay in the onset of radiation-induced apoptosis (determined as morphological changes and rate of mitochondrial demise) by 24-48 h as compared to the irradiated, sham TPA-treated cells. The time course of this delay correlated well with confinement of the p53 protein to the cytoplasm and increase in bcl-2 levels at the nuclear periphery of irradiated cells. Our results indicate that confinement of p53 in the cytoplasm is one of the potential mechanisms by which TPA interferes with the process of radiation-induced apoptosis in human lymphocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gunilla Olsson
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Centre for Radiation Protection Research, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Stefan Czene
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Centre for Radiation Protection Research, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Siamak Haghdoost
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Centre for Radiation Protection Research, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mats Harms-Ringdahl
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Centre for Radiation Protection Research, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
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26
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Affolter A, Muller MF, Sommer K, Stenzinger A, Zaoui K, Lorenz K, Wolf T, Sharma S, Wolf J, Perner S, Weber KJ, Freier K, Plinkert PK, Hess J, Weichert W. Targeting irradiation-induced mitogen-activated protein kinase activation in vitro and in an ex vivo model for human head and neck cancer. Head Neck 2016; 38 Suppl 1:E2049-61. [PMID: 26918677 DOI: 10.1002/hed.24376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2015] [Revised: 10/28/2015] [Accepted: 12/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite new radiotherapeutic strategies, radioresistance in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) remains a major problem. Preclinical model systems are needed to identify resistance mechanisms in this heterogeneous entity. METHODS We elucidated the interplay among mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)-inhibition, radiation, and p53 mutations in vitro and in a novel ex vivo model derived from vital human HNSCC samples. HNSCC cell lines (p53WT/mut) were treated with the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MEK)-inhibitor PD-0325901 and subsequently irradiated. Radiosensitization was functionally assessed and evaluated in the ex vivo model. RESULTS We observed a pronounced irradiation-induced extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) phosphorylation in 2 cell lines, which was independent of their p53 mutation status and associated with PD-0325901-related radiosensitization in a clonogenic assay. Heterogeneity in irradiation-induced ERK phosphorylation and in radiosensitization after MEK-inhibition was also reflected in the ex vivo model. CONCLUSION We provide experimental evidence for radiosensitizing effects of PD-0325901 in HNSCC. The ex vivo culture technology might offer a promising tool for individualized drug efficacy testing. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38: E2049-E2061, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annette Affolter
- Institute of Pathology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Experimental Head and Neck Oncology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marie-France Muller
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Experimental Head and Neck Oncology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Katharina Sommer
- Institute of Pathology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Karim Zaoui
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Experimental Head and Neck Oncology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Katja Lorenz
- Institute of Pathology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Wolf
- Institute of Pathology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sarika Sharma
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Experimental Head and Neck Oncology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Janina Wolf
- Institute of Pathology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sven Perner
- Pathology of the University Hospital of Luebeck and Leibniz Research Center Borstel, Luebeck and Borstel, Germany
| | | | - Kolja Freier
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Peter K Plinkert
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Experimental Head and Neck Oncology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jochen Hess
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Experimental Head and Neck Oncology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.,Molecular Mechanisms of Head and Neck Tumors, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Wilko Weichert
- Institute of Pathology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.,Institute of Pathology, Technical University Munich (TUM), Munich, Germany
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27
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Differential Proteomic Analysis of Human Placenta-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Cultured on Normal Tissue Culture Surface and Hyaluronan-Coated Surface. Stem Cells Int 2015; 2016:2809192. [PMID: 27057169 PMCID: PMC4709773 DOI: 10.1155/2016/2809192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2015] [Revised: 09/07/2015] [Accepted: 10/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Our previous results showed that hyaluronan (HA) preserved human placenta-derived mesenchymal stem cells (PDMSC) in a slow cell cycling mode similar to quiescence, the pristine state of stem cells in vivo, and HA was found to prevent murine adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells from senescence. Here, stable isotope labeling by amino acid in cell culture (SILAC) proteomic profiling was used to evaluate the effects of HA on aging phenomenon in stem cells, comparing (1) old and young passage PDMSC cultured on normal tissue culture surface (TCS); (2) old passage on HA-coated surface (CHA) compared to TCS; (3) old and young passage on CHA. The results indicated that senescence-associated protein transgelin (TAGLN) was upregulated in old TCS. Protein CYR61, reportedly senescence-related, was downregulated in old CHA compared to old TCS. The SIRT1-interacting Nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT) increased by 2.23-fold in old CHA compared to old TCS, and is 0.48-fold lower in old TCS compared to young TCS. Results also indicated that components of endoplasmic reticulum associated degradation (ERAD) pathway were upregulated in old CHA compared to old TCS cells, potentially for overcoming stress to maintain cell function and suppress senescence. Our data points to pathways that may be targeted by HA to maintain stem cells youth.
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28
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Park HS, You GE, Yang KH, Kim JY, An S, Song JY, Lee SJ, Lim YK, Nam SY. Role of AKT and ERK pathways in controlling sensitivity to ionizing radiation and adaptive response induced by low-dose radiation in human immune cells. Eur J Cell Biol 2015; 94:653-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2015.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2015] [Revised: 08/13/2015] [Accepted: 08/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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29
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Ismail AF, Moawed FS, Mohamed MA. Protective mechanism of grape seed oil on carbon tetrachloride-induced brain damage in γ-irradiated rats. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2015; 153:317-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2015.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2015] [Revised: 09/12/2015] [Accepted: 10/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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30
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Rutten MJ, Laraway B, Gregory CR, Xie H, Renken C, Keese C, Gregory KW. Rapid assay of stem cell functionality and potency using electric cell-substrate impedance sensing. Stem Cell Res Ther 2015; 6:192. [PMID: 26438432 PMCID: PMC4594964 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-015-0182-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Revised: 07/30/2015] [Accepted: 09/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Regenerative medicine studies using autologous bone marrow mononuclear cells (BM-MNCs) have shown improved clinical outcomes that correlate to in vitro BM-MNC invasive capacity. The current Boyden-chamber assay for testing invasive capacity is labor-intensive, provides only a single time point, and takes 36 hours to collect data and results, which is not practical from a clinical cell delivery perspective. To develop a rapid, sensitive and reproducible invasion assay, we employed Electric Cell-substrate Impedance Sensing (ECIS) technology. Chemokine-directed BM-MNC cell invasion across a Matrigel-coated Transwell filter was measurable within minutes using the ECIS system we developed. This ECIS-Transwell chamber system provides a rapid and sensitive test of stem and progenitor cell invasive capacity for evaluation of stem cell functionality to provide timely clinical data for selection of patients likely to realize clinical benefit in regenerative medicine treatments. This device could also supply robust unambiguous, reproducible and cost effective data as a potency assay for cell product release and regulatory strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Rutten
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, 97239, Portland, OR, USA.
| | - Bryan Laraway
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, 97239, Portland, OR, USA.
| | - Cynthia R Gregory
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, 97239, Portland, OR, USA. .,VA Portland Health Care System, 3710 SW US Veterans Hospital Road, 97239, Portland, OR, USA. .,Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, 97239, Portland, OR, USA.
| | - Hua Xie
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, 97239, Portland, OR, USA.
| | - Christian Renken
- Applied BioPhysics, Inc., 185 Jordan Road, 12180, Troy, NY, USA.
| | - Charles Keese
- Applied BioPhysics, Inc., 185 Jordan Road, 12180, Troy, NY, USA.
| | - Kenton W Gregory
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, 97239, Portland, OR, USA. .,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, 97239, Portland, OR, USA.
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31
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Effect of Low Doses (5-40 cGy) of Gamma-irradiation on Lifespan and Stress-related Genes Expression Profile in Drosophila melanogaster. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0133840. [PMID: 26248317 PMCID: PMC4527671 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0133840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2015] [Accepted: 07/03/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Studying of the effects of low doses of γ-irradiation is a crucial issue in different areas of interest, from environmental safety and industrial monitoring to aerospace and medicine. The goal of this work is to identify changes of lifespan and expression stress-sensitive genes in Drosophila melanogaster, exposed to low doses of γ-irradiation (5 – 40 cGy) on the imaginal stage of development. Although some changes in life extensity in males were identified (the effect of hormesis after the exposure to 5, 10 and 40 cGy) as well as in females (the effect of hormesis after the exposure to 5 and 40 cGy), they were not caused by the organism “physiological” changes. This means that the observed changes in life expectancy are not related to the changes of organism physiological functions after the exposure to low doses of ionizing radiation. The identified changes in gene expression are not dose-dependent, there is not any proportionality between dose and its impact on expression. These results reflect nonlinear effects of low dose radiation and sex-specific radio-resistance of the postmitotic cell state of Drosophila melanogaster imago.
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32
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Ishikawa J, Hayashi N, Yamaguchi M, Monzen S, Kashiwakura I. Characteristics of human CD34+ cells exposed to ionizing radiation under cytokine-free conditions. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH 2015; 56:678-90. [PMID: 25877692 PMCID: PMC4497397 DOI: 10.1093/jrr/rrv024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2014] [Revised: 01/18/2015] [Accepted: 03/06/2015] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
To clarify the mechanisms underlying radiation-induced hematopoietic stem cell death, we investigated the effects of excessive ionizing radiation on the clonogenic potential of CD34(+) cells obtained from human umbilical cord blood under cytokine-free conditions. The CD34(+) cells were X-ray-irradiated (up to 2 Gy) and were cultured for 0-48 h under cytokine-free conditions. At various time-points, the CD34(+) cells were investigated for survival, clonogenic potential and the generation of mitochondrial superoxide. At 12 h after X-ray irradiation, the number of viable cells had decreased to ∼70-80% compared with the 0-h non-irradiated control, whereas the clonogenic potential in the X-ray-irradiated cells had decreased to ∼50%-60% compared with the 0-h non-irradiated control. Furthermore, significant generation of mitochondrial superoxide was observed at 6 h, and reached a maximum value between 12 and 24 h after X-ray irradiation. However, no significant differences were observed between non-irradiated and X-ray-irradiated cells in terms of the generation of reactive oxygen species or in the intracellular mitochondrial contents. In addition, a cDNA microarray analysis showed that the majority of the altered genes in the CD34(+) cells at 6 h after X-ray irradiation were apoptosis-related genes. These results suggest the possibility that the elimination of the clonogenic potentials of CD34(+) cells involves the generation of mitochondrial superoxide induced by ionizing radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junya Ishikawa
- Department of Radiological Life Sciences, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Health Sciences, 66-1 Hon-cho, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8203, Japan
| | - Naoki Hayashi
- Department of Radiological Life Sciences, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Health Sciences, 66-1 Hon-cho, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8203, Japan
| | - Masaru Yamaguchi
- Department of Radiological Life Sciences, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Health Sciences, 66-1 Hon-cho, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8203, Japan
| | - Satoru Monzen
- Department of Radiological Life Sciences, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Health Sciences, 66-1 Hon-cho, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8203, Japan
| | - Ikuo Kashiwakura
- Department of Radiological Life Sciences, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Health Sciences, 66-1 Hon-cho, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8203, Japan
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33
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Xu P, Jiang EJ, Wen SY, Lu DD. Amentoflavone acts as a radioprotector for irradiated v79 cells by regulating reactive oxygen species (ROS), cell cycle and mitochondrial mass. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2015; 15:7521-6. [PMID: 25292022 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2014.15.18.7521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Radioprotective effects of amentoflavone were investigated by examining cell viability, apoptosis, cell cycling concentrations of intracellular ROS (reactive oxygen species), and relative mitochondrial mass by flow cytometry after 60Co irradiation. Pretreatment with amentoflavone 24 hours prior to 8 Gy 60Co γ-ray irradiation significantly inhibited apoptosis, promoted the G2 phase, decreased the concentration of ROS and mitochondrial mass. These results collectively indicate that amentoflavone is an effective radioprotective agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China E-mail :
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34
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Lionello M, Blandamura S, Staffieri C, Tealdo G, Giacomelli L, Marchese Ragona R, de Filippis C, Staffieri A, Marioni G. Postoperative radiotherapy for laryngeal carcinoma: the prognostic role of subcellular Maspin expression. Am J Otolaryngol 2015; 36:184-9. [PMID: 25459315 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjoto.2014.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2014] [Accepted: 10/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Reported outcomes of postoperative radiotherapy (PORT) for laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) have varied and sometimes been disappointing. The aim of the present preliminary study was to investigate whether a given immunohistochemical pattern of Maspin expression in laryngeal carcinoma cells could be prognostically associated with response to PORT. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty-two consecutive patients treated for LSCC with primary surgery and PORT. The subcellular (nuclear vs non-nuclear) pattern of Maspin expression was assessed immunohistochemically on LSCC surgical specimens and analyzed in relation to recurrence rate (RR) and disease-free survival (DFS). RESULTS A non-nuclear Maspin expression was found in 23 of 32 cases (72%), and all recurrences (17 cases) occurred in this subgroup of patients. A non-nuclear Maspin expression was strongly associated with recurrence [p = 0.0002, hazard ratio (HR) 5.58] and a shorter DFS (p = 0.0004) after PORT for LSCC. Even in N0 patients, a non-nuclear Maspin expression was associated with a significantly higher RR (p = 0.04, HR 1.42) and a shorter DFS (p = 0.02). Among the common clinic-pathological parameters considered, only N stage showed a trend toward an association with prognosis in terms of DFS (p = 0.08). CONCLUSION Assessing subcellular patterns of Maspin expression in LSCC specimens could identify patients less likely to respond to PORT, who might benefit from combined chemo-radiotherapy to improve the efficacy of adjuvant protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Lionello
- Department of Neurosciences, Otolaryngology Section, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.
| | | | - Claudia Staffieri
- Department of Neurosciences, Otolaryngology Section, Treviso Branch, University of Padova, Treviso, Italy
| | - Giulia Tealdo
- Department of Neurosciences, Otolaryngology Section, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | | | | | - Cosimo de Filippis
- Department of Neurosciences, Otolaryngology Section, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Alberto Staffieri
- Department of Neurosciences, Otolaryngology Section, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Gino Marioni
- Department of Neurosciences, Otolaryngology Section, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
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35
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Shelke S, Das B. Dose response and adaptive response of non-homologous end joining repair genes and proteins in resting human peripheral blood mononuclear cells exposed to γ radiation. Mutagenesis 2014; 30:365-79. [PMID: 25473122 DOI: 10.1093/mutage/geu081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Ionising radiation induces single-strand breaks, double-strand breaks (DSB) and base damages in human cell. DSBs are the most deleterious and if not repaired may lead to genomic instability and cell death. DSB can be repaired through non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) pathway in resting lymphocytes. In this study, NHEJ genes and proteins were studied in irradiated human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) at resting stage. Dose-response, time point kinetics and adaptive-response studies were conducted in irradiated PBMC at various end points such as DNA damage quantitation, transcription and protein expression profile. Venous blood samples were collected from 20 random, normal and healthy donors with written informed consent. PBMC was separated and irradiated with various doses between 0.1 and 2.0 Gy ((60)CO-γ source) for dose-response study. Repair kinetics of DNA damage and time point changes in expression of genes and proteins were studied in post-irradiated PBMC at 2.0 Gy at various time points up to 240 min. Adaptive-response study was conducted with a priming dose of 0.1 Gy followed by a challenging dose of 2.0 Gy after 4-h incubation. Our results revealed that Ku70, Ku80, XLF and Ligase IV were significantly upregulated (P < 0.05) at 4-h post-irradiation at transcript and protein level. Adaptive-response study showed significantly increased expression of the proteins involved in NHEJ, suggesting their role in adaptive response in human PBMC at G0/G1, which has important implications to human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shridevi Shelke
- Low Level Radiation Research Section, Radiation Biology and Health Sciences Division, Bio-Sciences Group, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai 400 085, India
| | - Birajalaxmi Das
- Low Level Radiation Research Section, Radiation Biology and Health Sciences Division, Bio-Sciences Group, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai 400 085, India
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36
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Greene-Schloesser DM, Kooshki M, Payne V, D'Agostino RB, Wheeler KT, Metheny-Barlow LJ, Robbins ME. Cellular response of the rat brain to single doses of (137)Cs γ rays does not predict its response to prolonged 'biologically equivalent' fractionated doses. Int J Radiat Biol 2014; 90:790-8. [PMID: 24937374 DOI: 10.3109/09553002.2014.933915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine if the brain's response to single doses predicts its response to 'biologically equivalent' fractionated doses. METHODS Young adult male Fischer 344 rats were whole-brain irradiated with either single 11, 14, or 16.5 Gy doses of (137)Cs γ rays or their 'biologically equivalent' 20, 30, or 40 Gy fractionated doses (fWBI) delivered in 5 Gy fractions, twice/week for 2, 3, or 4 weeks, respectively. At 2 months post-irradiation, cellular markers of inflammation (total, activated, and newborn microglia) and neurogenesis (newborn neurons) were measured in 40 μm sections of the dentate gyrus (DG). RESULTS Although the total number of microglia in the DG/hilus was not significantly different (p > 0.7) in unirradiated, single dose, and fWBI rats, single doses produced a significant (p < 0.003) increase in the percent-activated microglia; fWBI did not (p > 0.1). Additionally, single doses produced a significant (p < 0.002) dose-dependent increase in surviving newborn microglia; fWBI did not (p < 0.8). Although total proliferation in the DG was reduced equally by single and fWBI doses, single doses produced a significant dose-dependent (p < 0.02) decrease in surviving newborn neurons; fWBI did not (p > 0.6). CONCLUSIONS These data demonstrate that the rat brain's cellular response to single doses often does not predict its cellular response to 'biologically equivalent' fWBI doses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana M Greene-Schloesser
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Wake Forest School of Medicine , Winston-Salem, North Carolina , USA
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37
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Abstract
Ionizing radiation, like a variety of other cellular stress factors, can activate or down-regulate multiple signaling pathways, leading to either increased cell death or increased cell proliferation. Modulation of the signaling process, however, depends on the cell type, radiation dose, and culture conditions. The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway transduces signals from the cell membrane to the nucleus in response to a variety of different stimuli and participates in various intracellular signaling pathways that control a wide spectrum of cellular processes, including growth, differentiation, and stress responses, and is known to have a key role in cancer progression. Multiple signal transduction pathways stimulated by ionizing radiation are mediated by the MAPK superfamily including the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), and p38 MAPK. The ERK pathway, activated by mitogenic stimuli such as growth factors, cytokines, and phorbol esters, plays a major role in regulating cell growth, survival, and differentiation. In contrast, JNK and p38 MAPK are weakly activated by growth factors but respond strongly to stress signals including tumor necrosis factor (TNF), interleukin-1, ionizing and ultraviolet radiation, hyperosmotic stress, and chemotherapeutic drugs. Activation of JNK and p38 MAPK by stress stimuli is strongly associated with apoptotic cell death. MAPK signaling is also known to potentially influence tumor cell radiosensitivity because of their activity associated with radiation-induced DNA damage response. This review will discuss the MAPK signaling pathways and their roles in cellular radiation responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anupama Munshi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Rajagopal Ramesh
- Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
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Palatty PL, Azmidah A, Rao S, Jayachander D, Thilakchand KR, Rai MP, Haniadka R, Simon P, Ravi R, Jimmy R, D'souza PF, Fayad R, Baliga MS. Topical application of a sandal wood oil and turmeric based cream prevents radiodermatitis in head and neck cancer patients undergoing external beam radiotherapy: a pilot study. Br J Radiol 2014; 87:20130490. [PMID: 24694358 DOI: 10.1259/bjr.20130490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The study objective was to assess the effectiveness of a turmeric- and sandal wood oil-containing cream [Vicco(®) turmeric cream (VTC); Vicco Laboratories, Parel, India] on radiodermatitis in patients with head and neck cancer undergoing radiotherapy. METHODS A total of 50 patients with head and neck cancer requiring >60 Gy of curative radiotherapy/chemoradiotherapy were enrolled in the study. The volunteers were randomly divided into two groups of 25 patients. Group 1 was assigned to a topical application of Johnson's(®) baby oil (Johnson & Johnson Ltd, Baddi, India) and Group 2 for VTC. Prophylactic application of the cream was initiated on Day 1 and continued every day until 2 weeks after the end of treatment. Both agents were symmetrically applied within the irradiated field five times a day, and the acute skin reactions were assessed twice weekly in accordance with the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group scores by an investigator who was unaware of the details. RESULTS The incidence of radiodermatitis increased with the exposure to radiation and was the highest in both groups at Week 7. However, a significant reduction in grades of dermatitis were seen in cohorts applying VTC at all time points, including 2 weeks post radiotherapy (p < 0.015 to p < 0.001). The occurrence of Grade 3 dermatitis was lower in the cohorts using VTC and was statistically significant (p < 0.01). Additionally, follow-up observations 2 weeks after the completion of radiotherapy also showed a reduced degree of radiodermatitis in cohorts applying VTC, which was significant (p = 0.015). CONCLUSION VTC is shown to be effective in preventing radiodermatitis and needs to be validated in larger double-blind trials. ADVANCES IN KNOWLEDGE For the first time, this study shows that the turmeric- and sandal oil-based cream was effective in preventing radiation-induced dermatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- P L Palatty
- Department of Pharmacology, Father Muller Medical College, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
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Sharma R, Tiku AB. Emodin, an anthraquinone derivative, protects against gamma radiation-induced toxicity by inhibiting DNA damage and oxidative stress. Int J Radiat Biol 2014; 90:275-83. [PMID: 24428231 DOI: 10.3109/09553002.2014.884292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE In the present study, we explored the modulatory effect of emodin (1,3,8-trihydroxy-6-methylanthraquinone, C(15)H(10)O(5)) against gamma radiation-induced DNA damage and oxidative stress in acellular and cellular systems, respectively. MATERIALS AND METHODS For cellular systems, concanavalin A (ConA)-stimulated murine splenocytes were used. Cytotoxic effect of emodin (0-400 μM), radiation (3-12 Gy) and emodin + radiation was measured by MTT [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl) 2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide] assay. Gamma radiation (3-12 Gy)-induced production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), an increase in nitric oxide (NO) level and its inhibition by emodin were estimated by DCFDA (2',7'-dichlorofluorescein diacetate) and Griess regent, respectively. Analysis of radiation-induced apoptosis was performed using flow cytometery and acridine orange/ethidium bromide staining. DNA damage was evaluated in acellular system using pBR322 plasmid relaxation assay. RESULTS Emodin was able to effectively scavenge radiation- induced free radicals (ROS and NO) in murine splenocytes. Radiation-induced apoptosis and cell death was also inhibited by emodin pre-treatment. It could significantly prevent radiation-induced DNA damage. CONCLUSIONS Protection against gamma radiation-induced cell death and DNA damage by emodin could be attributed to its free radical scavenging activity. The present study is the first report of the radioprotective role of emodin in mammalian cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Sharma
- Radiation and Cancer Therapeutics Lab, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University , New Delhi , India
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Sabadashka MV. The effect of natural polyphenol complex of red grape wine ON L-arginine/NO system. UKRAINIAN BIOCHEMICAL JOURNAL 2014. [DOI: 10.15407/ubj86.01.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
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Laine AM, Westover KD, Choy H. Radiation therapy as a backbone of treatment of locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer. Semin Oncol 2013; 41:57-68. [PMID: 24565581 DOI: 10.1053/j.seminoncol.2013.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer (LA-NSCLC) is a heterogeneous disease, encompassing stage IIIA, for which surgery in combination with chemotherapy and/or radiation therapy (RT) represents a potential treatment approach for select patients, and stage IIIB, for which chemoradiation represents the standard of care. Recent advances in systemic cytotoxic and molecularly targeted therapies coupled with technologic innovations in radiotherapy have the potential to improve outcomes for this patient population. Many ongoing clinical trials use specific genetic mutations or histologic status to determine the combination of targeted therapies and RT, as well as to determine the optimal chemoradiotherapy platforms. Additionally, use of modern RT techniques has improved outcomes for some patients with limited metastatic disease, thereby prompting further studies on how to best integrate aggressive management of oligometastases using RT with chemotherapeutic regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron M Laine
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Kenneth D Westover
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Hak Choy
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX.
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Breast cancer adaptive resistance: HER2 and cancer stem cell repopulation in a heterogeneous tumor society. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2013; 140:1-14. [PMID: 23990015 PMCID: PMC3889683 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-013-1494-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2013] [Accepted: 08/09/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Purpose The lethal effects of cancer are associated with the enhanced tumor aggressiveness in recurrent and metastatic lesions that show resistant phenotype to anti-cancer therapy, a major barrier to improving overall survival of cancer patients. The presence of heterogeneous populations of cancer cells within a specific tumor including the tumor-initiating cells or so-called cancer stem cells (CSCs) has linked the acquired resistance (AR, or adaptive resistance). Herein, we discuss the CSC-mediated tumor repopulation in AR of breast cancer in this review. Methods We emphasize a dynamic feature of gene induction in tumor cells that undergo long-term treatment, and describe a specific HER2-NF-κB-HER2 pro-survival pathway that can be initiated in breast CSCs upon radiation therapy. Results Elucidation of HER2-induced pro-survival networks, specifically the force driving tumor repopulation due to radioresistant CSCs during anticancer therapies, will have a significant impact on the generation of new diagnostic and therapeutic targets to control of recurrent and metastatic breast tumors.
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Lack of genomic instability in bone marrow cells of SCID mice exposed whole-body to low-dose radiation. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2013; 10:1356-77. [PMID: 23549227 PMCID: PMC3709322 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph10041356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2013] [Revised: 03/05/2013] [Accepted: 03/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
It is clear that high-dose radiation is harmful. However, despite extensive research, assessment of potential health-risks associated with exposure to low-dose radiation (at doses below or equal to 0.1 Gy) is still challenging. Recently, we reported that 0.05 Gy of 137Cs gamma rays (the existing limit for radiation-exposure in the workplace) was incapable of inducing significant in vivo genomic instability (measured by the presence of late-occurring chromosomal damage at 6 months post-irradiation) in bone marrow (BM) cells of two mouse strains, one with constitutively high and one with intermediate levels of the repair enzyme DNA-dependent protein-kinase catalytic-subunit (DNA-PKcs). In this study, we present evidence for a lack of genomic instability in BM cells of the severely combined-immunodeficiency (SCID/J) mouse (which has an extremely low-level of DNA-PKcs activity) exposed whole-body to low-dose radiation (0.05 Gy). Together with our previous report, the data indicate that low-dose radiation (0.05 Gy) is incapable of inducing genomic instability in vivo (regardless of the levels of DNA-PKcs activity of the exposed mice), yet higher doses of radiation (0.1 and 1 Gy) do induce genomic instability in mice with intermediate and extremely low-levels of DNA-PKcs activity (indicating an important role of DNA-PKcs in DNA repair).
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Characteristics of myeloid differentiation and maturation pathway derived from human hematopoietic stem cells exposed to different linear energy transfer radiation types. PLoS One 2013; 8:e59385. [PMID: 23555027 PMCID: PMC3595281 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0059385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2012] [Accepted: 02/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs) to ionizing radiation causes a marked suppression of mature functional blood cell production in a linear energy transfer (LET)- and/or dose-dependent manner. However, little information about LET effects on the proliferation and differentiation of HSPCs has been reported. With the aim of characterizing the effects of different types of LET radiations on human myeloid hematopoiesis, in vitro hematopoiesis in Human CD34+ cells exposed to carbon-ion beams or X-rays was compared. Highly purified CD34+ cells exposed to each form of radiation were plated onto semi-solid culture for a myeloid progenitor assay. The surviving fractions of total myeloid progenitors, colony-forming cells (CFC), exposed to carbon-ion beams were significantly lower than of those exposed to X-rays, indicating that CFCs are more sensitive to carbon-ion beams (D0 = 0.65) than to X-rays (D0 = 1.07). Similar sensitivities were observed in granulocyte-macrophage and erythroid progenitors, respectively. However, the sensitivities of mixed-type progenitors to both radiation types were similar. In liquid culture for 14 days, no significant difference in total numbers of mononuclear cells was observed between non-irradiated control culture and cells exposed to 0.5 Gy X-rays, whereas 0.5 Gy carbon-ion beams suppressed cell proliferation to 4.9% of the control, a level similar to that for cells exposed to 1.5 Gy X-rays. Cell surface antigens associated with terminal maturation, such as CD13, CD14, and CD15, on harvest from the culture of X-ray-exposed cells were almost the same as those from the non-irradiated control culture. X-rays increased the CD235a+ erythroid-related fraction, whereas carbon-ion beams increased the CD34+CD38− primitive cell fraction and the CD13+CD14+/−CD15− fraction. These results suggest that carbon-ion beams inflict severe damage on the clonal growth of myeloid HSPCs, although the intensity of cell surface antigen expression by mature myeloid cells derived from HSPCs exposed to each type of radiation was similar to that by controls.
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Drigotas M, Affolter A, Mann WJ, Brieger J. Reactive oxygen species activation of MAPK pathway results in VEGF upregulation as an undesired irradiation response. J Oral Pathol Med 2013; 42:612-9. [PMID: 23480207 DOI: 10.1111/jop.12056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Radioresistance limits the effectiveness of radiotherapy in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. We previously demonstrated post-radiogenic mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway activation and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) release resulting in reduced tumor cell response. Here, we examined the association of this mechanism with the induction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) under irradiation (IR). METHODS Intracellular ROS after IR were measured. We modeled radiation-induced ROS by exposure of two SCC lines to H2 O2 and evaluated the impact of irradiation and ROS on ERK phosphorylation by Western blot, immunohistochemistry, and ELISA. RESULTS We found elevated pERK levels after treatment with IR and H2 O2 , which could be distinctly suppressed by U0126. Immunohistochemistry and ELISA revealed increased intracellular VEGF levels after H2 O2 application. CONCLUSIONS Our data show that irradiation-induced ROS activate the MAPK pathway and release of VEGF. As VEGF is known to be released after cellular distress resulting in cytoprotection, the described mechanism is potentially of importance for therapy success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martynas Drigotas
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
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Yamaguchi M, Ebina S, Kashiwakura I. Involvement of placental/umbilical cord blood acid-base status and gas values on the radiosensitivity of human fetal/neonatal hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH 2013; 54:277-284. [PMID: 23263728 PMCID: PMC3589944 DOI: 10.1093/jrr/rrs107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2012] [Revised: 10/15/2012] [Accepted: 10/16/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Arterial cord blood (CB) acid-base status and gas values, such as pH, PCO2, PO2, HCO3(-)and base excess, provide useful information on the fetal and neonatal condition. However, it remains unknown whether these values affect the radiosensitivity of fetal/neonatal hematopoiesis. The present study evaluated the relationship between arterial CB acid-base status, gas values, and the radiosensitivity of CB hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs). A total of 25 CB units were collected. The arterial CB acid-base status and gas values were measured within 30 min of delivery. The CD34(+)HSPCs obtained from CB were exposed to 2 Gy X-irradiation, and then assayed for colony-forming unit-granulocyte-macrophage, burst-forming unit-erythroid (BFU-E), and colony-forming unit-granulocyte erythroid, macrophage and megakaryocyte cells. Acid-base status and gas values for PCO2and HCO3(-)showed a statistically significant negative correlation with the surviving fraction of BFU-E. In addition, a significant positive correlation was observed between gestational age and PCO2. Moreover, the surviving fraction of BFU-E showed a significant negative correlation with gestational age. Thus, HSPCs obtained from CB with high PCO2/HCO3(-)levels were sensitive to X-irradiation, which suggests that the status of arterial PCO2/HCO3(-)influences the radiosensitivity of fetal/neonatal hematopoiesis, especially erythropoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ikuo Kashiwakura
- Corresponding author. Tel: +81-172-39-5938; Fax: +81-172-39-5938;
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Kato K, Omori A, Kashiwakura I. Radiosensitivity of human haematopoietic stem/progenitor cells. JOURNAL OF RADIOLOGICAL PROTECTION : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR RADIOLOGICAL PROTECTION 2013; 33:71-80. [PMID: 23295782 DOI: 10.1088/0952-4746/33/1/71] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The haematopoietic system is regenerative tissue with a high proliferative potential; therefore, haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are sensitive to extracellular oxidative stress caused by radiation and chemotherapeutic agents. An understanding of this issue can help predict haematopoietic recovery from radiation exposure as well as the extent of radiation damage to the haematopoietic system. In the present study, the radiosensitivity of human lineage-committed myeloid haematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs), including colony-forming unit-granulocyte macrophage, burst-forming unit-erythroid and colony-forming unit-granulocyte-erythroid-macrophage-megakaryocyte cells, which are contained in adult individual peripheral blood (PB) and fetus/neonate placental/umbilical cord blood (CB), were studied. The PB of 59 healthy individual blood donors and the CB of 42 neonates were investigated in the present study. HSPCs prepared from PB and CB were exposed to 0.5 or 2 Gy x-irradiation. The results showed that large individual differences exist in the surviving fraction of cells. In the case of adult PB, a statistically significant negative correlation was observed between the surviving fraction observed at a dose of 0.5 Gy and the age of the blood donors; however, none of these correlations were observed after 2 Gy x-irradiation. In addition, seasonal and gender variation were observed in the surviving fraction of CB HSPCs. The present results suggest that there are large individual differences in the surviving fraction of HSPCs contained in both adult PB and fetus/neonate CB. In addition, some factors, including the gender, age and season of birth, affect the radiosensitivity of HSPCs, especially with a relatively low-dose exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kengo Kato
- Department of Radiological Life Sciences, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Health Sciences, 66-1 Hon-cho, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8564, Japan
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Abstract
Primary cells respond to irradiation by activation of the DNA damage response and cell cycle arrest, which eventually leads to senescence or apoptosis. It is not clear in detail which signaling pathways or networks regulate the induction of either apoptosis or senescence. Primary human fibroblasts are able to withstand high doses of irradiation and to prevent irradiation-induced apoptosis. However, the underlying regulatory basis for this phenotype is not well understood. Here, a kinetic network analysis based on reverse phase protein arrays (RPPAs) in combination with extensive western blot and cell culture analyses was employed to decipher the cytoplasmic and nuclear signaling networks and to identify possible antiapoptotic pathways. This analysis identified activation of known DNA damage response pathways (e.g., phosphorylation of MKK3/6, p38, MK2, Hsp27, p53 and Chk1) as well as of prosurvival (e.g., MEK-ERK, cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB), protein kinase C (PKC)) and antiapoptotic markers (e.g., Bad, Bcl-2). Interestingly, PKC family members were activated early upon irradiation, suggesting a regulatory function in the ionizing radiation (IR) response of these cells. Inhibition or downregulation of PKC in primary human fibroblasts caused IR-dependent downregulation of the identified prosurvival (CREB phosphorylation) and antiapoptotic (Bad phosphorylation, Bcl-2) markers and thus lead to a proliferation stop and to apoptosis. Taken together, our analysis suggests that cytoplasmic PKC signaling conditions IR-stressed MRC-5 and IMR-90 cells to prevent irradiation-induced apoptosis. These findings contribute to the understanding of the cellular and nuclear IR response and may thus eventually improve the efficacy of radiotherapy and help overcome tumor radioresistance.
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Kadam SB, Shyama SK, Almeida VG. Evaluation of the in vivo genotoxic effects of gamma radiation on the peripheral blood leukocytes of head and neck cancer patients undergoing radiotherapy. Mutat Res 2013; 752:42-6. [PMID: 23370449 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2013.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2012] [Revised: 12/21/2012] [Accepted: 01/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The present study aimed to evaluate the genotoxic effects of ionizing radiation on non-target cells of Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (HNSCC) patients exposed to various cumulative doses of gamma rays during radiotherapy. The ten patients (P1-P10) were treated with cobalt 60 gamma radiation (External Beam Radiotherapy) for a period of five to six weeks with a daily fraction of 2Gy for 5 days each week. The genotoxic effects of radiation (single strand breaks - SSBs) in these patients were analyzed using the alkaline single cell gel electrophoresis (SCGE) technique, with the Olive Tail Moment (OTM) as the critical parameter. A sample of each patient's peripheral blood before starting with radiotherapy (pre-therapy) served as the control, and blood collected at weekly time intervals during the course of the radiotherapy served as treated (10, 20, 30, 40, 50 and 60Gy) samples. In vivo radiosensitivity of these patients, as indicated by SSB's after the cumulative radiation doses at the various times, was assessed using Student's t-test. Significant DNA damage relative to the individual patient's pre-therapy baseline data was observed in all patients. Inter-individual variation of the genotoxic effects was analyzed using two-way ANOVA. The correlation between doses for the means of smoker and non-smoker patients was calculated using the Pearson test. The results of this study may indicate the need to reduce the daily radiotherapy dose further to prevent genotoxic effects on non-target cells, thus improving safety. Furthermore, these results may indicate that the estimation of DNA damage following exposure to a gamma radiation, as measured by the comet assay in whole blood leukocytes, can be used to screen human populations for radiation-induced genetic damage at the molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samit B Kadam
- Goa University, Zoology Department, Goa 403206, India.
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Adhikari M, Dhaker A, Adhikari J, Ivanov V, Singh V, Chawla R, Kumar R, Sharma R, Karamalakova Y, Gadjeva V, Arora R. In vitro studies on radioprotective efficacy of silymarin against γ-irradiation. Int J Radiat Biol 2013; 89:200-11. [DOI: 10.3109/09553002.2013.741285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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