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Lian X, Guo J, Wang Y, Wang S, Li J. Association between Volatile Organic Compound Exposure and Sex Hormones in Adolescents: The Mediating Role of Serum Albumin. TOXICS 2024; 12:438. [PMID: 38922118 PMCID: PMC11209113 DOI: 10.3390/toxics12060438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2024] [Revised: 06/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
The associations between VOCs and sex hormones in adolescents remain unclear, and the role of serum albumin in these associations deserves to be explored. We conducted cross-sectional analyses using generalized linear models (GLMs), weighted quantile sum (WQS) regression, and mediation analysis, based on data from 584 adolescents from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). The GLM analyses revealed that seven kinds of mVOCs potentially affected sex hormone levels. According to the WQS regression results, 2-aminothiazoline-4-carboxylic acid (ATCA) was the major contributor to the significant associations of mixed mVOC exposure with testosterone, estradiol, and free androgen index in males; N-acetyl-S-(N-methylcarbamoyl)-L-cysteine (AMCC) was the major contributor to the significant associations of mixed mVOC exposure with sex hormone-binding globulin in males; and N-acetyl-S-(benzyl)-L-cysteine (BMA) was the major contributor to the significant associations of mixed mVOC exposure with the ratio of testosterone to estradiol in females. Moreover, serum albumin could mediate up to 9.2% of the associations between mixed exposure to mVOCs and sex hormones. Our findings could provide a reference for studies on the mechanisms underlying the effects of VOCs on sex hormones in adolescents and emphasize the necessity of reducing exposure to ATCA, AMCC, BMA, and their parent compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Jing Li
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; (X.L.); (J.G.); (S.W.)
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2
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Alvarez-Buylla A, Fischer MT, Moya Garzon MD, Rangel AE, Tapia EE, Tanzo JT, Soh HT, Coloma LA, Long JZ, O'Connell LA. Binding and sequestration of poison frog alkaloids by a plasma globulin. eLife 2023; 12:e85096. [PMID: 38206862 PMCID: PMC10783871 DOI: 10.7554/elife.85096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Alkaloids are important bioactive molecules throughout the natural world, and in many animals they serve as a source of chemical defense against predation. Dendrobatid poison frogs bioaccumulate alkaloids from their diet to make themselves toxic or unpalatable to predators. Despite the proposed roles of plasma proteins as mediators of alkaloid trafficking and bioavailability, the responsible proteins have not been identified. We use chemical approaches to show that a ~50 kDa plasma protein is the principal alkaloid-binding molecule in blood of poison frogs. Proteomic and biochemical studies establish this plasma protein to be a liver-derived alkaloid-binding globulin (ABG) that is a member of the serine-protease inhibitor (serpin) family. In addition to alkaloid-binding activity, ABG sequesters and regulates the bioavailability of 'free' plasma alkaloids in vitro. Unexpectedly, ABG is not related to saxiphilin, albumin, or other known vitamin carriers, but instead exhibits sequence and structural homology to mammalian hormone carriers and amphibian biliverdin-binding proteins. ABG represents a new small molecule binding functionality in serpin proteins, a novel mechanism of plasma alkaloid transport in poison frogs, and more broadly points toward serpins acting as tunable scaffolds for small molecule binding and transport across different organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Maria Dolores Moya Garzon
- Sarafan ChEM-H, Stanford UniversityStanfordUnited States
- Wu Tsai Institute for Neuroscience, Stanford UniversityStanfordUnited States
- Department of Pathology, Stanford UniversityStanfordUnited States
| | - Alexandra E Rangel
- Wu Tsai Human Performance Alliance, Stanford UniversityStanfordUnited States
| | - Elicio E Tapia
- Department of Radiology, Stanford UniversityStanfordUnited States
| | - Julia T Tanzo
- Sarafan ChEM-H, Stanford UniversityStanfordUnited States
- Wu Tsai Institute for Neuroscience, Stanford UniversityStanfordUnited States
| | - H Tom Soh
- Wu Tsai Human Performance Alliance, Stanford UniversityStanfordUnited States
- Center for Taxonomy and Morphology, Leibniz Institute for the Analysis of Biodiversity ChangeHamburgGermany
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford UniversityStanfordUnited States
| | | | - Jonathan Z Long
- Sarafan ChEM-H, Stanford UniversityStanfordUnited States
- Wu Tsai Institute for Neuroscience, Stanford UniversityStanfordUnited States
- Department of Pathology, Stanford UniversityStanfordUnited States
- Centro Jambatu de Investigación y Conservación de Anfibios, Fundación JambatuSan RafaelEcuador
| | - Lauren A O'Connell
- Department of Biology, Stanford UniversityStanfordUnited States
- Wu Tsai Institute for Neuroscience, Stanford UniversityStanfordUnited States
- Stanford Diabetes Research Center, Stanford UniversityStanfordUnited States
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Van Doan H, Tapingkae W, Chaiyaso T, Wangkahart E, Panchan R, Sutthi N. Effects of Red Yeast (Sporidiobolus pararoseus) on Growth, Innate Immunity, Expression of Immune-related Genes and Disease Resistance of Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2023; 15:1312-1326. [PMID: 36053440 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-022-09984-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of red yeast (Sporidiobolus pararoseus) produced from crude glycerol, as a by-product of the biodiesel production process, on the growth, innate immunity, expression of immune-related gene, and resistance of Nile tilapia against challenge with Streptococcus agalactiae. Fish were fed diets supplied with different concentrations of S. pararoseus dried cells at 0.0 (control; T1), 5.0 (T2), 10.0 (T3), and 20.0 (T4) g kg-1 diets for 90 days. The results showed that final body weight, weight gain, and average daily gain were significantly higher in fish fed T3 and T4 compared to the control group (p < 0.05). Likewise, significant (p < 0.05) increases in total carotenoid content, liver superoxide dismutase activity (SOD), and serum lysozyme and albumin were observed in Nile tilapia fed S. pararoseus, with the highest (p < 0.05) values displayed in fish fed the T4 diet. Moreover, up-regulation of IL-1β transcription in Nile tilapia spleen and liver was observed in fish feeding group T4. In a challenge test against S. agalactiae, the fish survival rate was significantly higher in fish fed red yeast compared to the control group (p < 0.05). The highest bactericidal activity found in the T4 group (p < 0.05). However, no significant differences were found in hematology, blood chemical, malondialdehyde (MDA), body chemical composition, organosomatic indices, and myeloperoxidase (p > 0.05) in all treatments. The present results suggested that red yeast S. pararoseus (20.0 g kg-1) can be used as a potential supplementation on growth, immune response, and disease resistance of Nile tilapia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hien Van Doan
- Department of Animal and Aquatic Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
- Innovative Agriculture Research Center, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Wanaporn Tapingkae
- Department of Animal and Aquatic Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Thanongsak Chaiyaso
- Division of Biotechnology, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50100, Thailand
| | - Eakapol Wangkahart
- Department of Agricultural Technology, Faculty of Technology, Mahasarakham University, Maha Sarakham, 44150, Thailand
- Applied Animal and Aquatic Sciences Research Unit, Division of Fisheries, Faculty of Technology, Mahasarakham University, Maha Sarakham, 44150, Thailand
| | - Ruamruedee Panchan
- Department of Agricultural Technology, Faculty of Technology, Mahasarakham University, Maha Sarakham, 44150, Thailand
| | - Nantaporn Sutthi
- Department of Agricultural Technology, Faculty of Technology, Mahasarakham University, Maha Sarakham, 44150, Thailand.
- Applied Animal and Aquatic Sciences Research Unit, Division of Fisheries, Faculty of Technology, Mahasarakham University, Maha Sarakham, 44150, Thailand.
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Zare M, Esmaeili N, Paolacci S, Stejskal V. Nettle ( Urtica dioica) Additive as a Growth Promoter and Immune Stimulator in Fish. AQUACULTURE NUTRITION 2023; 2023:8261473. [PMID: 36864904 PMCID: PMC9974277 DOI: 10.1155/2023/8261473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Aquaculture will become an important food production sector for humans in the coming decades. However, disease outbreaks can be considered a significant obstacle to continually developing aquaculture. Plant powders and extracts are natural feed additives that, due to their bioactive compounds, including phenolic compounds, proteins, vitamins, and minerals, have antistress, antiviral, antibacterial, and antifungal effects on fish. One of these herbs is nettle (Urtica dioica), which has a long history of being used in traditional medicine. While it has been widely investigated in mammalian medicine, few studies have been done on aquaculture species. The positive effect of this herb on the growth performance, hematology, blood biochemistry, and immune system of fish species has been observed. When fish were exposed to pathogens, nettle-fed fish showed a higher survival rate and less stress than controls. Therefore, this literature review is aimed at reviewing the use of this herb in fish diets and its impacts on growth performance, hematology, blood biochemistry, liver enzymes, immune system stimulation, and challenges with pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahyar Zare
- Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Institute of Aquaculture and Protection of Waters, University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Husova Tř. 458/102, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Noah Esmaeili
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | - Simona Paolacci
- Bantry Marine Research Station, Gearhies, Bantry, Co. Cork P75 AX07, Ireland
| | - Vlastimil Stejskal
- Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Institute of Aquaculture and Protection of Waters, University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Husova Tř. 458/102, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
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Cocurullo M, Paganos P, Wood NJ, Arnone MI, Oliveri P. Molecular and Cellular Characterization of the TH Pathway in the Sea Urchin Strongylocentrotus purpuratus. Cells 2023; 12:cells12020272. [PMID: 36672206 PMCID: PMC9856734 DOI: 10.3390/cells12020272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Thyroid Hormones (THs) are a class of signaling molecules produced by coupling iodine with tyrosine residues. In vertebrates, extensive data support their important role in a variety of processes such as metabolism, development and metamorphosis. On the other hand, in invertebrates, the synthesis and role of the THs have been, so far, poorly investigated, thus limiting our understanding of the function and evolution of this important animal signaling pathway. In sea urchins, for example, while several studies focused on the availability and function of external sources of iodotyrosines, preliminary evidence suggests that an endogenous TH pathway might be in place. Here, integrating available literature with an in silico analysis, various homologous genes of the vertebrate TH molecular toolkit have been identified in the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus purpuratus. They include genes involved in the synthesis (Sp-Pxdn), metabolism (Sp-Dios), transport (Sp-Ttrl, Sp-Mct7/8/10) and response (Sp-Thr, Sp-Rxr and Sp-Integrin αP) to thyroid hormones. To understand the cell type(s) involved in TH synthesis and/or response, we studied the spatial expression of the TH toolkit during urchin development. Exploiting single-cell transcriptomics data in conjunction with in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry, we identified cell types that are potentially producing or responding to THs in the sea urchin. Finally, growing sea urchin embryos until the larva stage with and without a source of inorganic iodine, we provided evidence that iodine organification is important for larval skeleton growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Cocurullo
- Department of Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Naples, Italy
| | - Periklis Paganos
- Department of Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Naples, Italy
| | - Natalie J. Wood
- Centre for Life’s Origins and Evolution, Research Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Maria I. Arnone
- Department of Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Naples, Italy
- Correspondence: (M.I.A.); (P.O.)
| | - Paola Oliveri
- Centre for Life’s Origins and Evolution, Research Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
- Correspondence: (M.I.A.); (P.O.)
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Effect of dietary flaxseed meal on growth, blood biochemistry, reproductive hormones and oocyte development in previtellogenic Siberian sturgeon (Acipenser baerii Brandt, 1869). Anim Feed Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2022.115546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Ghafarifarsani H, Hoseinifar SH, Sheikhlar A, Raissy M, Chaharmahali FH, Maneepitaksanti W, Faheem M, Van Doan H. The Effects of Dietary Thyme Oil (Thymus vulgaris) Essential Oils for Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio): Growth Performance, Digestive Enzyme Activity, Antioxidant Defense, Tissue and Mucus Immune Parameters, and Resistance against Aeromonas hydrophila. AQUACULTURE NUTRITION 2022; 2022:7942506. [PMID: 36860465 PMCID: PMC9973159 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7942506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated the effects of dietary supplementation of thyme (Thymus vulgaris) essential oil (TVO) on growth performance, digestive enzymes, biochemical parameters, hematological indices, liver enzymes, and pathogen resistance in common carp (Cyprinus carpio). Triplicate groups of fish (15.36 ± 0.10 g) were fed daily with diets supplemented with TVO at 0, 0.5, 1, and 2 percent for 60 days then challenged with Aeromonas hydrophila. The results determined that supplementation of thyme resulted in significantly higher final body weights (FBW) and lower feed conversion ratios (FCR). Furthermore, no mortality was observed in the thyme-supplemented treatments. Regression analysis showed that fish growth parameters were polynomially related to dietary TVO levels. The optimum dietary TVO level, based upon the varied growth parameters, was 1.344 to 1.436%. Digestive enzymes activity, including amylase and protease, significantly increased in fish fed the supplemented diets. The thyme-supplemented diets also significantly increased the biochemical parameters, including total protein, albumin, and acid phosphatase (ACP), compared to the control group. We also observed significant increases in hematological indices, including red blood cells (RBC), white blood cells (WBC), hematocrit (Hct), and hemoglobin (Hb) in common carp fed diets containing thyme oil (P < 0.05). Liver enzymes activity including alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) was also reduced (P < 0.05). Immune parameters, including total protein and total immunoglobulin (total Ig) levels, alternative complement pathway hemolytic (ACH50), lysozyme, protease, and ALP in the skin mucus, and lysozyme, total Ig, and ACH50 in the intestine were higher (P < 0.05) in TVO-supplemented fish. Catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione reductase (GR), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) in the liver were also elevated (P < 0.05) in TVO administered groups. Lastly, thyme-supplementation resulted in higher survival rates after the A. hydrophila challenge compared to the control (P < 0.05). In conclusion, dietary inclusion of thyme oil (1 and 2%) effectively improved fish growth, immune systems, and resistance to A. hydrophila.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamed Ghafarifarsani
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Natural Resources, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | - Seyed Hossein Hoseinifar
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Atefeh Sheikhlar
- Animal Science Department, Van Hall Larenstein University-Wageningen University and Research, Netherlands
| | - Mehdi Raissy
- Department of Aquatic Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | | | - Worawit Maneepitaksanti
- Department of Animal and Aquatic Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Innovative Agriculture Research Center, Faculty of Agriculture Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Mehwish Faheem
- Department of Zoology, Government College University, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Hien Van Doan
- Department of Animal and Aquatic Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Innovative Agriculture Research Center, Faculty of Agriculture Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
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Lau CYJ, Benne N, Lou B, Zharkova O, Ting HJ, Ter Braake D, van Kronenburg N, Fens MH, Broere F, Hennink WE, Wang JW, Mastrobattista E. Modulating albumin-mediated transport of peptide-drug conjugates for antigen-specific Treg induction. J Control Release 2022; 348:938-950. [PMID: 35732251 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
The therapeutic potential of antigen-specific regulatory T cells (Treg) has been extensively explored, leading to the development of several tolerogenic vaccines. Dexamethasone-antigen conjugates represent a prominent class of tolerogenic vaccines that enable coordinated delivery of antigen and dexamethasone to target immune cells. The importance of nonspecific albumin association towards the biodistribution of antigen-adjuvant conjugates has gained increasing attention, by which hydrophobic and electrostatic interactions govern the association capacity. Using an ensemble of computational and experimental techniques, we evaluate the impact of charged residues adjacent to the drug conjugation site in dexamethasone-antigen conjugates (Dex-K/E4-OVA323, K: lysine, E: glutamate) towards their albumin association capacity and induction of antigen-specific Treg. We find that Dex-K4-OVA323 possesses a higher albumin association capacity than Dex-E4-OVA323, leading to enhanced liver distribution and antigen-presenting cell uptake. Furthermore, using an OVA323-specific adoptive-transfer mouse model, we show that Dex-K4-OVA323 selectively upregulated OVA323-specific Treg cells, whereas Dex-E4-OVA323 exerted no significant effect on Treg cells. Our findings serve as a guide to optimize the functionality of dexamethasone-antigen conjugate amid switching vaccine epitope sequences. Moreover, our study demonstrates that moderating the residues adjacent to the conjugation sites can serve as an engineering approach for future peptide-drug conjugate development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Yin Jerry Lau
- Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Naomi Benne
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 1, 3584 CL Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Bo Lou
- Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 1E Kent Ridge Road, NUHS Tower Block, 119228 Singapore, Singapore
| | - Olga Zharkova
- Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 1E Kent Ridge Road, NUHS Tower Block, 119228 Singapore, Singapore; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 14 Medical Drive, 117599, Singapore
| | - Hui Jun Ting
- Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 1E Kent Ridge Road, NUHS Tower Block, 119228 Singapore, Singapore; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 14 Medical Drive, 117599, Singapore
| | - Daniëlle Ter Braake
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 1, 3584 CL Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Nicky van Kronenburg
- Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Marcel H Fens
- Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Femke Broere
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 1, 3584 CL Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Wim E Hennink
- Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Jiong-Wei Wang
- Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 1E Kent Ridge Road, NUHS Tower Block, 119228 Singapore, Singapore; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 14 Medical Drive, 117599, Singapore; Department of Physiology, National University of Singapore, 2 Medical Drive, 117593 Singapore, Singapore; Nanomedicine Translational Research Programme, Centre for NanoMedicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 30 Medical Drive, 117609 Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Enrico Mastrobattista
- Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, the Netherlands.
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Zidi S, Stayoussef M, Sontini FK, Mezlini A, Yacoubi-Loueslati B, Almawi WY. Decreased risk of ovarian cancer associated with rs9898876 sex hormone-binding globulin gene variant. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:4537-4544. [PMID: 35277784 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-07297-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ovarian cancer (OC) is one of the most common gynecologic cancers,with significant morbidity and mortality. The risk of OC is influenced by hormone status, of which sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), which influences the serum availability of steroid sex hormones, is implicated in the pathogenesis and evolution of OC. The aim of this study is to evaluate the involvement of common SHBG gene variants in OC susceptibility and evolution. MATERIALS A case control study including 71 OC patients and 74 cancer-free controls, who were genotyped for rs9898876, rs13894, rs1799941 and rs6257 SHBG SNP. Genotyping was done by the allelic discrimination method, using VIC- and FAM-labeled primers. RESULTS The minor allele frequencies of rs9898876, rs13894, rs1799941 and rs6257 SHBG SNP was comparable between OC cases and control women, implying no significant associations of the tested variants and overall OC risk. Taking homozygous wild-type genotype as reference (OR = 1.00), heterozygous rs9898876 (G/T), and minor allele-carrying genotypes [G/T + T/T] were associated with reduced risk of OC. While rs9898876 heterozygosity (G/T) was predictive of OC occurrence, no significant association of the remaining three tested SNPs was noted with altered risk of OC. Irrespective of FIGO staging, the four tested SHBG SNPs were not associated with the clinical progression of OC. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, SHBG rs9898876 is associated with a decreased risk of OC, and thus constitutes a potential diagnostic biomarker of OC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Zidi
- Laboratory of Mycology, Pathologies and Biomarkers (LR16ES05), Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, 1060, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Mouna Stayoussef
- Laboratory of Mycology, Pathologies and Biomarkers (LR16ES05), Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, 1060, Tunis, Tunisia
| | | | - Amel Mezlini
- Salah Azaiez Institute of Oncology, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Besma Yacoubi-Loueslati
- Laboratory of Mycology, Pathologies and Biomarkers (LR16ES05), Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, 1060, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Wassim Y Almawi
- Laboratory of Mycology, Pathologies and Biomarkers (LR16ES05), Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, 1060, Tunis, Tunisia. .,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Nazarbayev University School of Medicine, Z05K4F4, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan.
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10
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Celik MA, Erdem H, Cankaya S, Arici YK. Differences in SUV39H1 and androgen receptor distribution in adenomyomatous hyperplasia and prostatic adenocarcinoma. Niger J Clin Pract 2022; 25:1387-1392. [DOI: 10.4103/njcp.njcp_61_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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11
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Ancient fishes and the functional evolution of the corticosteroid stress response in vertebrates. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2021; 260:111024. [PMID: 34237466 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2021.111024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The neuroendocrine mechanism underlying stress responses in vertebrates is hypothesized to be highly conserved and evolutionarily ancient. Indeed, elements of this mechanism, from the brain to steroidogenic tissue, are present in all vertebrate groups; yet, evidence of the function and even identity of some elements of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal/interrenal (HPA/I) axis is equivocal among the most basal vertebrates. The purpose of this review is to discuss the functional evolution of the HPA/I axis in vertebrates with a focus on our understanding of this neuroendocrine mechanism in the most ancient vertebrates: the agnathan (i.e., hagfish and lamprey) and chondrichthyan fishes (i.e., sharks, rays, and chimeras). A review of the current literature presents evidence of a conserved HPA/I axis in jawed vertebrates (i.e., gnathostomes); yet, available data in jawless (i.e., agnathan) and chondrichthyan fishes are limited. Neuroendocrine regulation of corticosteroidogenesis in agnathans and chondrichthyans appears to function through similar pathways as in bony fishes and tetrapods; however, key elements have yet to be identified and the involvement of melanotropins and gonadotropin-releasing hormone in the stress axis in these ancient fishes warrants further investigation. Further, the identities of physiological glucocorticoids are uncertain in hagfishes, chondrichthyans, and even coelacanths. Resolving these and other knowledge gaps in the stress response of ancient fishes will be significant for advancing knowledge of the evolutionary origins of the vertebrate stress response.
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Yamauchi K. Evolution of thyroid hormone distributor proteins in fish. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2021; 305:113735. [PMID: 33549607 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2021.113735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In plasma, thyroid hormone (TH) is bound to several TH distributor proteins (THDPs), constituting a TH delivery/distribution network. Extensive studies of THDPs from tetrapods has proposed an evolutionary scenario concerning structural and functional changes in THDPs, especially for transthyretin (TTR). When assessing, in an evolutionary context, the roles of THDPs as a component constituting part of the vertebrate thyroid system, the data from fish THDPs are critical. In this review the phylogenetic distributions, spatiotemporal expression patterns and binding properties of THDPs in fish are described, and the question of whether the evolutionary hypotheses proposed in tetrapod THDPs can be applied to fish THDPs is assessed. The phylogenetic distributions of THDPs are highly variable among fish groups. Analysis in this review reveals that the evolutionary hypotheses proposed in tetrapod THDPs cannot be applied to fish THDPs, and that the role of plasma lipoproteins as THDPs grows in importance in fish groups. In primitive fish, zinc is an import factor in TH binding to TTR, and high zinc content may facilitate the acquisition of high TH binding activity during the early evolution of TTR. Finally, the possible roles of THDPs in the vertebrate thyroid system are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiyoshi Yamauchi
- Department of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan.
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Yang L, Xu H, Chen Y, Miao C, Zhao Y, Xing Y, Zhang Q. Melatonin: Multi-Target Mechanism Against Diminished Ovarian Reserve Based on Network Pharmacology. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:630504. [PMID: 33959095 PMCID: PMC8095380 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.630504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diminished ovarian reserve (DOR) significantly increases the risk of female infertility and contributes to reproductive technology failure. Recently, the role of melatonin in improving ovarian reserve (OR) has attracted widespread attention. However, details on the pharmacological targets and mechanisms of melatonin-improved OR remain unclear. OBJECTIVE A systems pharmacology strategy was proposed to elucidate the potential therapeutic mechanism of melatonin on DOR at the molecular, pathway, and network levels. METHODS The systems pharmacological approach consisted of target identification, data integration, network construction, bioinformatics analysis, and molecular docking. RESULTS From the molecular perspective, 26 potential therapeutic targets were identified. They participate in biological processes related to DOR development, such as reproductive structure development, epithelial cell proliferation, extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway, PI3K signaling, among others. Eight hub targets (MAPK1, AKT1, EGFR, HRAS, SRC, ESR1, AR, and ALB) were identified. From the pathway level, 17 significant pathways, including the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway and the estrogen signaling pathway, were identified. In addition, the 17 signaling pathways interacted with the 26 potential therapeutic targets to form 4 functional modules. From the network point of view, by regulating five target subnetworks (aging, cell growth and death, development and regeneration, endocrine and immune systems), melatonin could exhibit anti-aging, anti-apoptosis, endocrine, and immune system regulation effects. The molecular docking results showed that melatonin bound well to all hub targets. CONCLUSION This study systematically and intuitively illustrated the possible pharmacological mechanisms of OR improvement by melatonin through anti-aging, anti-apoptosis, endocrine, and immune system regulation effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liuqing Yang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medical Gynecology, Hangzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hongbin Xu
- Second Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yun Chen
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medical Gynecology, Hangzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chenyun Miao
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medical Gynecology, Hangzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ying Zhao
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medical Gynecology, Hangzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yu Xing
- Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Qin Zhang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medical Gynecology, Hangzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Qin Zhang,
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Hassaan MS, Mohammady EY, Soaudy MR, Sabae SA, Mahmoud AMA, El-Haroun ER. Comparative study on the effect of dietary β-carotene and phycocyanin extracted from Spirulina platensis on immune-oxidative stress biomarkers, genes expression and intestinal enzymes, serum biochemical in Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 108:63-72. [PMID: 33242597 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The current trial investigated the roles of β-carotene and phycocyanin extracted from Spirulina platensis on growth, serum biochemical, digestive enzymes, antioxidant defense, immune responses, and immune gene expression in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Fish (1.52 ± 0.10 g) were randomly stocked to three treatments with three replicates (12 fish per replicate) in nine aquaria (60 L glass aquarium for each), and reared for 70-days. Three tested diets were formulated to be isonitrogenous and isolipidic, and were offered for experimental fish until ad-libitum three times daily at 09:00 a.m., 11.00 a.m. and 3:00 p.m. The first diet (control) was without supplementation. About 50 mg β-carotene and 50 mg phycocyanin kg-1 were supplemented to the other experimental diets, respectively. Results indicated that feed intake was not (P > 0.05) differ among experimental diets. Compared to control diet wight gain and specific growth rate were significantly (P < 0.05) in fish fed diet containing β-carotene, while, the highest weight gain and the best FCR were detected in phycocyanin diet. Survival fish among treatments was significantly (P < 0.05) differ and the highest survival rate was showed in fish fed diet supplemented with phycocyanin. Either β-carotene or phycocyanin significantly (P < 0.05) improved the intestinal digestive enzymes compared with control diet, where the highest values of chymotrypsin, trypsin, lipase and amylase were noticed in fish fed phycocyanin. Diets supplemented with β-carotene and phycocyanin significantly (P < 0.05) improved hematology parameters contents compared with to the control diet, and the best contents were detected in fish fed diet supplemented with phycocyanin. The highest significant (P < 0.05) phagocytic, lysozyme, immunoglobulin M (IgM), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) activities were recorded in diet supplemented with phycocyanin. The transcripts of interferon gamma and interleukin 1β genes were (P < 0.05) up-regulated in the liver of fish fed diet supplemented with β-carotene and phycocyanin, but expression of HSP70 gene down-regulated in fish fed β-carotene and phycocyanin containing diet compared control. The highest gene expression of the interferon gamma and interleukin 1β was observed in fish fed phycocyanin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed S Hassaan
- Department of Animal Production, Fish Research Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture at Moshtohor, Benha, University, 13736, Egypt.
| | - Eman Y Mohammady
- Aquaculture Division, National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, NIOF, Egypt
| | - Mohamed R Soaudy
- Department of Animal Production, Fish Research Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture at Moshtohor, Benha, University, 13736, Egypt
| | - Soaad A Sabae
- Inland Division, Hydrobiology Laboratory, National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries (NIOF), Egypt
| | - Abeer M A Mahmoud
- Inland Division, Hydrobiology Laboratory, National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries (NIOF), Egypt
| | - Ehab R El-Haroun
- Animal Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University Cairo, Egypt
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Chung-Davidson YW, Bussy U, Fissette SD, Li W. Sex-dependent pheromonal effects on steroid hormone levels in sea lampreys (Petromyzon marinus). Gen Comp Endocrinol 2020; 299:113608. [PMID: 32890479 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2020.113608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Sea lampreys (Petromyzon marinus) are basal vertebrates that exhibit reproductive control via a hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. The function and evolution of the hypothalamic and pituitary peptide hormones are well studied in this species, whereas the functions of classical sex steroid hormones have not been well established due to their low or non-detectable plasma levels. Sea lamprey pheromone 3-keto petromyzonol sulfate (3kPZS) has been shown to increase while 3-keto allocholic acid (3kACA) decreases plasma 15α-hydroxyprogesterone (15αP) levels in prespermiating males (PSM) but not in preovulatory females (POF). However, spermiating male washings that contain both 3kPZS and 3kACA facilitate spawning in both sexes. Therefore, we wondered if the effects of pheromones on POF were elicited by classical steroid hormones such as progesterone, androstenedione, testosterone and estradiol. We hypothesized that waterborne 3kACA and 3kPZS differentially alter steroid hormone levels in prespawning sea lampreys. We determined the sex differences and pheromonal effects on steroid hormone levels in prespawning sea lampreys using sensitive ultra-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) methods. Some PSM became spermiating (SM) at the time of sample collection, and those data were treated as a separate group. We found that males contained more androstenedione and progesterone in the gonad and more estradiol and testosterone in the plasma than POF, whereas POF contained more gonadal testosterone than males (no detectable gonadal testosterone). In POF, 3kPZS decreased gonadal androstenedione but increased gonadal progesterone and plasma estradiol, whereas 3kACA only increased gonadal progesterone levels. Exposure to 3kPZS for 4 h increased plasma 15αP in POF and SM, and gonadal 15αP in POF. Interestingly, 3kACA or 3kPZS depleted gonadal or plasma 15αP in PSM at various time points. On the other hand, both pheromones had no significant effect on androstenedione, progesterone or estradiol levels in males. Plasma testosterone levels did not change after pheromone exposure in both sexes. We conclude that sea lamprey pheromones 3kACA and 3kPZS induced differential steroidal responses in POF, PSM and SM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Wen Chung-Davidson
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University, Natural Resources Building, Rm. 13, 480 Wilson Road, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
| | - Ugo Bussy
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University, Natural Resources Building, Rm. 13, 480 Wilson Road, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Skye Daniel Fissette
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University, Natural Resources Building, Rm. 13, 480 Wilson Road, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
| | - Weiming Li
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University, Natural Resources Building, Rm. 13, 480 Wilson Road, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
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16
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Kumawat D, Ravi AK, Sahay P, Alam T, Desai A, Kumar A. Systemic evaluation of patients with central serous chorioretinopathy: A case-control study. Eur J Ophthalmol 2020; 31:3223-3230. [PMID: 33238760 DOI: 10.1177/1120672120975698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the systemic associations of central serous chorioretinopathy (CSCR) with help of clinical and biochemical investigations. DESIGN Case-control study. PARTICIPANTS Eighty seven CSCR patients (case) and 82 Asian-Indian patients with primary non-traumatic rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (control) were recruited between July 2017 and December 2018 at a tertiary eye-care center in North India. METHODS The patients underwent ophthalmological examination and systemic evaluation based on history and biochemical investigations. Logistic regression was performed to identify the associations of CSCR. RESULTS The age was similar between cases and controls (36.9 ± 7.8 years vs 35.7 ± 10.8 years, p = 0.38). On univariate analysis, the significant factors with higher odds of CSCR were alcohol use (odds ratio, OR: 3.4; 95% confidence interval: 1.36-8.53), sleep disturbance (OR: 5.44; 1.76-16.8), gastroesophageal reflux (OR: 9.34; 1.15-75.50), psychological disorder (OR: 5.78; 1.24-26.97), tuberculosis history (OR: 8.2; 1.0-67.10), serum albumin: globulin ratio (AGR) > 2 (OR: 10.43; 2.33-46.57), and serum hemoglobin (per unit increase; OR: 1.35; 1.14-1.61). Although the mean blood pressure was significantly higher in cases, the distribution among various hypertension categories was not significantly different. Exogenous steroid use and morning 8 am serum cortisol levels were not significantly different between the groups. On multivariable analysis, alcohol use (OR: 4.72; 1.33-16.76), sleep disturbances (OR: 5.04; 1.36-18.70), dysthyroid state (OR: 3.02; 1.04-8.74), serum AGR > 2 (OR: 14.28; 2.33-87.28), and serum hemoglobin (per unit increase; OR: 1.43; 1.13-1.81) were significant independent associations. CONCLUSION Other than the previously described associations of CSCR like alcohol use and sleep disturbances, this study reports possible association with deranged serum protein and thyroid hormone profile. Further large-scale prospective studies need to validate these results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devesh Kumawat
- Department of Ophthalmology, Dr Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Alok Kumar Ravi
- Department of Ocular Biochemistry, Dr Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Pranita Sahay
- Department of Ophthalmology, Dr Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Tanveer Alam
- Department of Ophthalmology, Dr Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Arjun Desai
- Department of Ophthalmology, Dr Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Atul Kumar
- Department of Ophthalmology, Dr Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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Delehanty B, Bossart GD, Champagne C, Crocker DE, Elliott KH, Fair PA, Houser D, Newman AEM, Boonstra R. Measurement of free glucocorticoids: quantifying corticosteroid binding capacity and its variation within and among mammal and bird species. CONSERVATION PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 8:coaa057. [PMID: 32922800 PMCID: PMC7476546 DOI: 10.1093/conphys/coaa057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/31/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Plasma glucocorticoid (CORT) levels are one measure of stress in wildlife and give us insight into natural processes relevant to conservation issues. Many studies use total CORT concentrations to draw conclusions about animals' stress state and response to their environment. However, the blood of tetrapods contains corticosteroid-binding globulin (CBG), which strongly binds most circulating CORT. Only free CORT (CORT not bound by CBG) leaves the circulation and exerts biological effects on CORT-sensitive tissues. Measuring free CORT concentrations provides insight to an animal's stress response that cannot be revealed by simply measuring total CORT. To calculate free CORT concentrations in plasma or serum samples, one needs three measurements: the binding affinity of CBG for CORT (which varies by species), the total CORT concentration in the sample and the maximum corticosteroid binding capacity (MCBC) of CBG in the sample. Here, we detail the measurement of CBG binding capacity. We compare and contrast the three main methods to measure MCBC: charcoal, cell harvester and dialysis. Each is defined by the means by which free and bound CORT are separated. We weigh the relative merits and challenges of each. We conclude that sample volume, species and taxon binding specificity, and availability of equipment are the primary considerations in selecting the appropriate separation method. For most mammals, the charcoal method is recommended. For birds, the harvester method has critical advantages over the charcoal method. The dialysis method is widely regarded as the gold standard and has lower equipment costs but is more time-intensive and costly in terms of radioactive isotope needed and is less suited to processing large numbers of samples. The binding capacity of CBG varies tremendously within and among the bird and marine mammal species studied, and we discuss the implication of this variation for understanding the role of stress in wildlife.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brendan Delehanty
- Centre for the Neurobiology of Stress, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, ON M1C 1A4, Canada
| | | | - Cory Champagne
- National Marine Mammal Foundation, 2240 Shelter Island Dr Suite 200, San Diego, CA 92106, USA
| | - Daniel E Crocker
- Department of Biology, Sonoma State University, 1801 E. Cotati Ave., Rohnert Park, CA 94928, USA
| | - Kyle H Elliott
- Department of Natural Resource Sciences, McGill University, Sainte Anne-de-Bellevue, Québec, H9X 3V9, Canada
| | - Patricia A Fair
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, 135 Cannon Street, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Dorian Houser
- National Marine Mammal Foundation, 2240 Shelter Island Dr Suite 200, San Diego, CA 92106, USA
| | - Amy E M Newman
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Rd E, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Rudy Boonstra
- Centre for the Neurobiology of Stress, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, ON M1C 1A4, Canada
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Edwards PD, Sookhan N, Boonstra R. The role of herbivory in the macroevolution of vertebrate hormone dynamics. Ecol Lett 2020; 23:1340-1348. [PMID: 32510838 DOI: 10.1111/ele.13536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Vertebrates have high species-level variation in circulating hormone concentrations, and the functional significance of this variation is largely unknown. We tested the hypothesis that interspecific differences in hormone concentrations are partially driven by plant consumption, based on the prediction that herbivores should have higher basal hormone levels to 'outcompete' plant endocrine disruptors. We compared levels of glucocorticoids (GCs), the hormones with the most available data, across 166 species. Using phylogenetically informed comparisons, we found that herbivores had higher GC levels than carnivores. Furthermore, we found that the previously described negative relationship between GC levels and body mass only held in herbivores, not carnivores, and that the effect of diet was greatest at extreme body sizes. These findings demonstrate the far-reaching effects of diet on animal physiology, and provide evidence that herbivory influences circulating hormone concentrations. We urge future direct testing of the relationship between phytochemical load and GC levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phoebe D Edwards
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A1, Canada.,Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, ON, M1C 1A4, Canada
| | - Nicholas Sookhan
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A1, Canada.,Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, ON, M1C 1A4, Canada
| | - Rudy Boonstra
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A1, Canada.,Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, ON, M1C 1A4, Canada
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Sainath SB, André A, Castro LFC, Santos MM. The evolutionary road to invertebrate thyroid hormone signaling: Perspectives for endocrine disruption processes. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2019; 223:124-138. [PMID: 31136851 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2019.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Revised: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Thyroid hormones (THs) are the only iodine-containing hormones that play fundamental roles in chordates and non-chordates. The chemical nature, mode of action and the synthesis of THs are well established in mammals and other vertebrates. Although thyroid-like hormones have been detected in protostomes and non-chordate deuterostomes, TH signaling is poorly understood as compared to vertebrates, particularly in protostomes. Therefore, the central objective of this article is to review TH system components and TH-induced effects in non-vertebrate chordates, non-chordate deuterostomes and protostomes based on available genomes and functional information. To accomplish this task, we integrate here the available knowledge on the THs signaling across non-vertebrate chordates, non-chordate deuterostomes and protostomes by considering studies encompassing TH system components and physiological actions of THs. We also address the possible interactions of thyroid disrupting chemicals and their effects in protostomes and non-chordate deuterostomes. Finally, the perspectives on current and future challenges are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- S B Sainath
- CIMAR/CIIMAR-Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Rua dos Bragas 289, 4050-123 Porto, Portugal; Department of Biotechnology, Vikrama Simhapuri University, Nellore 524 003, AP, India.
| | - A André
- CIMAR/CIIMAR-Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Rua dos Bragas 289, 4050-123 Porto, Portugal
| | - L Filipe C Castro
- CIMAR/CIIMAR-Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Rua dos Bragas 289, 4050-123 Porto, Portugal; FCUP - Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal.
| | - M M Santos
- CIMAR/CIIMAR-Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Rua dos Bragas 289, 4050-123 Porto, Portugal; FCUP - Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal.
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Pérez-Peinado C, Defaus S, Sans-Comerma L, Valle J, Andreu D. Decoding the human serum interactome of snake-derived antimicrobial peptide Ctn[15-34]: Toward an explanation for unusually long half-life. J Proteomics 2019; 204:103372. [PMID: 31051282 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2019.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Revised: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The inherent propensity to enzymatic degradation of most peptides remains a bottleneck in their therapeutic development. Efficient, early screening methods are necessary for in vitro characterization of the molecular events occurring when peptides get in contact with biological fluids such us plasma. Herein we present an affinity purification/MS approach for mapping peptide serum interactors. We have applied this methodology to identify the serum partners of antibiotic peptide Ctn [15-34], aiming to ascertain the molecular interactions underlying its unusually long half-life (~ 12 h) in human serum. From 42 proteins captured in pull-downs with biotinylated Ctn [15-34] as bait, five are of special interest for their transport/binding properties hence alleged peptide arresting potential. The subset contains two members of the albumin superfamily, two apolipoproteins and a globulin. All five share a binding ability for hydrophobic species, and also bind Ctn [15-34], presumably via its C-terminal hydrophobic section, with affinities in the μM range as shown by surface plasmon resonance. Additionally, our functional enrichment reveals several significant immune-related processes suggesting an immunomodulatory role of Ctn [15-34]. Taken together, this study exemplifies how pharmacoproteomics can be used to analyze bioavailability issues and shed light on the serum interactors ultimately conferring protection to Ctn [15-34] against proteolytic events. SIGNIFICANCE: The affinity purification/MS identification methodology reported here can be viewed as a routine pharmacoproteomic approach to investigate the serum interactome of peptide drugs, identifying proteins affecting bioavailability and thus assisting the peptide drug development process. The specific results described here enlighten the serum stability issues of peptide Ctn [15-34] and ratify its promising future as an anti-infective lead.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Pérez-Peinado
- Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Pompeu Fabra University, Barcelona Biomedical Research Park, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sira Defaus
- Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Pompeu Fabra University, Barcelona Biomedical Research Park, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Sans-Comerma
- Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Pompeu Fabra University, Barcelona Biomedical Research Park, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Javier Valle
- Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Pompeu Fabra University, Barcelona Biomedical Research Park, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - David Andreu
- Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Pompeu Fabra University, Barcelona Biomedical Research Park, 08003 Barcelona, Spain.
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Filis P, Walker N, Robertson L, Eaton-Turner E, Ramona L, Bellingham M, Amezaga MR, Zhang Z, Mandon-Pepin B, Evans NP, Sharpe RM, Cotinot C, Rees WD, O'Shaughnessy P, Fowler PA. Long-term exposure to chemicals in sewage sludge fertilizer alters liver lipid content in females and cancer marker expression in males. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2019; 124:98-108. [PMID: 30641261 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Revised: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The increased incidence of diseases, including metabolic syndrome and infertility, may be related to exposure to the mixture of chemicals, which are ubiquitous in the modern environment (environmental chemicals, ECs). Xeno-detoxification occurs within the liver which is also the source of many plasma proteins and growth factors and plays an important role in the regulation of homeostasis. OBJECTIVES The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of ECs on aspects of liver function, in a well characterized ovine model of exposure to a real-life EC mixture. METHODS Four groups of sheep (n = 10-12/sex/treatment) were maintained long-term on control or sewage sludge-fertilized pastures: from conception to culling at 19 months of age in females and from conception to 7 months of age and thereafter in control plots until culling at 19 months of age in males. Environmental chemicals were measured in sheep livers and RNA and protein extracts were assessed for exposure markers. Liver proteins were resolved using 2D differential in-gel electrophoresis and differentially expressed protein spots were identified by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectroscopy. RESULTS Higher levels of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and lower levels of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in the livers of control males compared to control females indicated sexually dimorphic EC body burdens. Increased levels of the PAHs Benzo[a]anthracene and chrysene and reduced levels of PCB 153 and PCB 180 were observed in the livers of continuously exposed females. EC exposure affected xenobiotic and detoxification responses and the liver proteome in both sexes and included major plasma-secreted and blood proteins, and metabolic enzymes whose pathway analysis predicted dysregulation of cancer-related pathways and altered lipid dynamics. The latter were confirmed by a reduction in total lipids in female livers and up-regulation of cancer-related transcript markers in male livers respectively by sewage sludge exposure. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate that chronic exposure to ECs causes major physiological changes in the liver, likely to affect multiple systems in the body and which may predispose individuals to increased disease risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panagiotis Filis
- Institute of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences & Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK.
| | - Natasha Walker
- Institute of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences & Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - Linda Robertson
- Institute of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences & Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - Emily Eaton-Turner
- Institute of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences & Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - Lauma Ramona
- Institute of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences & Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - Michelle Bellingham
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health & Comparative Medicine (IBAHCM), College of Medical, Veterinary & Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Campus, Bearsden Rd, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
| | - Maria R Amezaga
- Institute of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences & Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - Zulin Zhang
- The James Hutton Institute, Craigiebuckler, Aberdeen AB15 8QH, UK
| | | | - Neil P Evans
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health & Comparative Medicine (IBAHCM), College of Medical, Veterinary & Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Campus, Bearsden Rd, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
| | - Richard M Sharpe
- MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Corinne Cotinot
- UMR BDR, INRA, ENVA, Université Paris Saclay, 78350, Jouy en Josas, France
| | - William D Rees
- The Rowett Institute, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - Peter O'Shaughnessy
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health & Comparative Medicine (IBAHCM), College of Medical, Veterinary & Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Campus, Bearsden Rd, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
| | - Paul A Fowler
- Institute of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences & Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK
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22
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Current status of androgen receptor-splice variant 7 inhibitor niclosamide in castrate-resistant prostate-cancer. Invest New Drugs 2018; 36:1133-1137. [PMID: 30083960 DOI: 10.1007/s10637-018-0653-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Castrate-Resistant Prostate-Cancer (CRPC) is one of the most common malignancies occurring in men. Unfortunately, even if several recently approved agents clinically improved the outcome of CRPC patients, none of these is curative especially for a splice version of the Androgen Receptor (AR) AR-V7, which is a variant of the receptor constitutively activated and does not require the presence of androgens for the activation AR down-stream pathways. Since high AR-V7 expression is one of the most common features of CRPC, targeting this receptor variant is considered as one of the most promising strategies for treating this disease. Therefore anti-AR-V7 molecules could lead to a potential shift in paradigm in the treatment of CRPC. Niclosamide, an already FDA-approved anti-helminthic drug, was identified as a potent AR-V7 inhibitor in prostate cancer cells. Due to the recent positive preclinical results, niclosamide may be an interesting and novel type of targeted treatments for CRPC. This mini-review outlines the most recent pre- and clinical- data on the current status of niclosamide in the treatment of ARV7-positive CRPC patients.
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23
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Perfluorinated alkyl acids in the serum and follicular fluid of UK women with and without polycystic ovarian syndrome undergoing fertility treatment and associations with hormonal and metabolic parameters. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2018; 221:1068-1075. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2018.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2018] [Revised: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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24
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Optimized delivery of siRNA into 3D tumor spheroid cultures in situ. Sci Rep 2018; 8:7952. [PMID: 29785035 PMCID: PMC5962539 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-26253-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
3D tissue culture provides a physiologically relevant and genetically tractable system for studying normal and malignant human tissues. Despite this, gene-silencing studies using siRNA has proved difficult. In this study, we have identified a cause for why traditional siRNA transfection techniques are ineffective in eliciting gene silencing in situ within 3D cultures and proposed a simple method for significantly enhancing siRNA entry into spheroids/organoids. In 2D cell culture, the efficiency of gene silencing is significantly reduced when siRNA complexes are prepared in the presence of serum. Surprisingly, in both 3D tumour spheroids and primary murine organoids, the presence of serum during siRNA preparation rapidly promotes entry and internalization of Cy3-labelled siRNA in under 2 hours. Conversely, siRNA prepared in traditional low-serum transfection media fails to gain matrigel or spheroid/organoid entry. Direct measurement of CTNNB1 mRNA (encoding β-catenin) from transfected tumour spheroids confirmed a transient but significant knockdown of β-catenin when siRNA:liposome complexes were formed with serum, but not when prepared in the presence of reduced-serum media (Opti-MEM). Our studies suggest a simple modification to standard lipid-based transfection protocols facilitates rapid siRNA entry and transient gene repression, providing a platform for researchers to improve siRNA efficiency in established 3D cultures.
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25
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Dereven'kov IA, Hannibal L, Makarov SV, Makarova AS, Molodtsov PA, Koifman OI. Characterization of the complex between native and reduced bovine serum albumin with aquacobalamin and evidence of dual tetrapyrrole binding. J Biol Inorg Chem 2018; 23:725-738. [PMID: 29721769 DOI: 10.1007/s00775-018-1562-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Serum albumin binds to a variety of endogenous ligands and drugs. Human serum albumin (HSA) binds to heme via hydrophobic interactions and axial coordination of the iron center by protein residue Tyr161. Human serum albumin binds to another tetrapyrrole, cobalamin (Cbl), but the structural and functional properties of this complex are poorly understood. Herein, we investigate the reaction between aquacobalamin (H2OCbl) and bovine serum albumin (BSA, the bovine counterpart of HSA) using Ultraviolet-Visible and fluorescent spectroscopy, and electron paramagnetic resonance. The reaction between H2OCbl and BSA led to the formation of a BSA-Cbl(III) complex consistent with N-axial ligation (amino). Prior to the formation of this complex, the reactants participate in an additional binding event that has been examined by fluorescence spectroscopy. Binding of BSA to Cbl(III) reduced complex formation between the bound cobalamin and free cyanide to form cyanocobalamin (CNCbl), suggesting that the β-axial position of the cobalamin may be occupied by an amino acid residue from the protein. Reaction of BSA containing reduced disulfide bonds with H2OCbl produces cob(II)alamin and disulfide with intermediate formation of thiolate Cbl(III)-BSA complex and its decomposition. Finally, in vitro studies showed that cobalamin binds to BSA only in the presence of an excess of protein, which is in contrast to heme binding to BSA that involves a 1:1 stoichiometry. In vitro formation of BSA-Cbl(III) complex does not preclude subsequent heme binding, which occurs without displacement of H2OCbl bound to BSA. These data suggest that the two tetrapyrroles interact with BSA in different binding pockets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilia A Dereven'kov
- Institute of Macroheterocyclic Compounds, Ivanovo State University of Chemistry and Technology, Sheremetevskiy Str. 7, Ivanovo, 153000, Russian Federation.
| | - Luciana Hannibal
- Laboratory of Clinical Biochemistry and Metabolism, Department for Pediatrics, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Mathildenstr. 1, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Sergei V Makarov
- Institute of Macroheterocyclic Compounds, Ivanovo State University of Chemistry and Technology, Sheremetevskiy Str. 7, Ivanovo, 153000, Russian Federation
| | - Anna S Makarova
- G. A. Krestov Institute of Solution Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Academicheskaya Str 1, Ivanovo, 153045, Russian Federation
| | - Pavel A Molodtsov
- Institute of Macroheterocyclic Compounds, Ivanovo State University of Chemistry and Technology, Sheremetevskiy Str. 7, Ivanovo, 153000, Russian Federation
| | - Oskar I Koifman
- Institute of Macroheterocyclic Compounds, Ivanovo State University of Chemistry and Technology, Sheremetevskiy Str. 7, Ivanovo, 153000, Russian Federation
- G. A. Krestov Institute of Solution Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Academicheskaya Str 1, Ivanovo, 153045, Russian Federation
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26
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Paim RMM, Nascimento BWL, Nascimento AMD, Pacheco DE, Soares AC, Araujo RN, Sant'Anna MRV, Pessoa GCD, Gontijo NF, Pereira MH. Functional aspects of salivary nitric oxide synthase of Rhodnius prolixus (Hemiptera, Reduviidae) and nitric oxide trafficking at the vector-host interface. Sci Rep 2017; 7:16036. [PMID: 29167493 PMCID: PMC5700186 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-16097-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Rhodnius prolixus expresses nitric oxide synthase (NOS) in the cytosol of the salivary gland (SG) cells. The NO produced is stored in the SG lumen bound to NO-carrier haemeproteins called nitrophorins (NPs). NPs bind tightly to NO in the acidic SG lumen, but release NO when the pH becomes high, e.g., at the host skin (pH~7.4). NO elicits potent and transient relaxation of vascular smooth muscle. Here, we investigated the role of salivary NO in the R. prolixus feeding behaviour and the salivary vasodilator activity of the host microcirculation. NOS knockdown in R. prolixus changed the SG colour, decreased the number of NO-loaded NPs and caused impairment of feeding performance. When salivary gland extracts (SGEs) were obtained from NOS- and NPs-knockdown insects and prepared in pH 5.0 solution and injected (i.v.) into mice via the tail vein, no vasodilation was observed, whereas SGEs from control insects caused long-term venodilation in the mouse skin. SGs disrupted directly in PBS (pH 7.4) containing BSA produced long-term vasodilation compared to the controls without BSA due to the possible formation of nitroso-albumin, suggesting that host serum albumin extends the NO half-life when NO is injected into the host skin by triatomine during their blood-feeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafaela M M Paim
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Bruno W L Nascimento
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Ana Mércia D Nascimento
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Dimitri E Pacheco
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Adriana C Soares
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Ricardo N Araujo
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Mauricio R V Sant'Anna
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Grasielle C D Pessoa
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Nelder F Gontijo
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Marcos H Pereira
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
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27
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Ohlson S, Kaur J, Raida M, Niss U, Bengala T, Drum CL, Boehm B, Torres AR. Direct analysis – no sample preparation – of bioavailable cortisol in human plasma by weak affinity chromatography (WAC). J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2017; 1061-1062:438-444. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2017.07.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2017] [Revised: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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28
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Roy N, Nath S, Paul PC, Singh TS. Fluorescence Behavior of Schiff Base-N, N'-bis(salicylidene) Trans 1, 2-Diaminocyclohexane in Proteinous and Micellar Environments. J Fluoresc 2017; 27:2295-2311. [PMID: 28831629 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-017-2171-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Fluorescence properties of N, N'-bis(salicylidene) trans 1, 2-diaminocyclohexane (H 2 L) is used to probe the anionic (SDS), cationic (CTAB) and nonionic (TX-100) micelles as well as in serum albumins (BSA and HSA) and chicken egg white lysozyme (LYZ) by steady state and picosecond time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy. The fluorescence band intensity was found to increase with concomitant blue-shift with gradual addition of different surfactants. All the experimental results suggest that the probe molecule resides in the micelle-water interface rather than going into the micellar core. However, the penetration is more towards the micellar hydrocarbon core in nonionic surfactant (TX-100) while comparing with ionic surfactants (SDS and CTAB). Several mean microscopic properties such as critical micelle concentration, polarity parameters and binding constant were calculated in presence of different surfactants. The decrease in nonradiative decay rate constants in micellar environments indicates restricted motion of the probe inside the micellar nanocages with increasing fluorescence emission intensity and quantum yields. Further in this work, we also investigated the interaction behavior of the probe with different proteins at low concentrations under physiological conditions (pH = 7.4). Stern-Volmer analysis of the tryptophan (Trp) fluorescence quenching data in presence of probe reveals Stern-Volmer constant (Ksv) as well as bimolecular quenching rate constant (Kq). The binding constant as well as the number of binding sites of the probe with proteins were also monitored and found to be 1:1 stoichiometry ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nayan Roy
- Department of Chemistry, Assam University, Silchar, Assam, 788 011, India
| | - Surjatapa Nath
- Department of Chemistry, Assam University, Silchar, Assam, 788 011, India
| | - Pradip C Paul
- Department of Chemistry, Assam University, Silchar, Assam, 788 011, India
| | - T Sanjoy Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Assam University, Silchar, Assam, 788 011, India.
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29
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Whirledge S, Cidlowski JA. Glucocorticoids and Reproduction: Traffic Control on the Road to Reproduction. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2017; 28:399-415. [PMID: 28274682 PMCID: PMC5438761 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2017.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Revised: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/12/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Glucocorticoids are steroid hormones that regulate diverse cellular functions and are essential to facilitate normal physiology. However, stress-induced levels of glucocorticoids result in several pathologies including profound reproductive dysfunction. Compelling new evidence indicates that glucocorticoids are crucial to the establishment and maintenance of reproductive function. The fertility-promoting or -inhibiting activity of glucocorticoids depends on timing, dose, and glucocorticoid responsiveness within a given tissue, which is mediated by the glucocorticoid receptor (GR). The GR gene and protein are subject to cellular processing, contributing to signaling diversity and providing a mechanism by which both physiological and stress-induced levels of glucocorticoids function in a cell-specific manner. Understanding how glucocorticoids regulate fertility and infertility may lead to novel approaches to the regulation of reproductive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon Whirledge
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
| | - John A Cidlowski
- Laboratory of Signal Transduction, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, 111 TW Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA.
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30
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Yin L, Yuvienco C, Montclare JK. Protein based therapeutic delivery agents: Contemporary developments and challenges. Biomaterials 2017; 134:91-116. [PMID: 28458031 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2017.04.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Revised: 04/18/2017] [Accepted: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
As unique biopolymers, proteins can be employed for therapeutic delivery. They bear important features such as bioavailability, biocompatibility, and biodegradability with low toxicity serving as a platform for delivery of various small molecule therapeutics, gene therapies, protein biologics and cells. Depending on size and characteristic of the therapeutic, a variety of natural and engineered proteins or peptides have been developed. This, coupled to recent advances in synthetic and chemical biology, has led to the creation of tailor-made protein materials for delivery. This review highlights strategies employing proteins to facilitate the delivery of therapeutic matter, addressing the challenges for small molecule, gene, protein and cell transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liming Yin
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, NYU Tandon School of Engineering, Brooklyn, NY 11201, United States
| | - Carlo Yuvienco
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, NYU Tandon School of Engineering, Brooklyn, NY 11201, United States
| | - Jin Kim Montclare
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, NYU Tandon School of Engineering, Brooklyn, NY 11201, United States; Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, NY 10003, United States; Department of Biomaterials, NYU College of Dentistry, New York, NY 10010, United States; Department of Biochemistry, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY 11203, United States.
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31
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Metzler VM, de Brot S, Robinson RS, Jeyapalan JN, Rakha E, Walton T, Gardner DS, Lund EF, Whitchurch J, Haigh D, Lochray JM, Robinson BD, Allegrucci C, Fray RG, Persson JL, Ødum N, Miftakhova RR, Rizvanov AA, Hughes IA, Tadokoro-Cuccaro R, Heery DM, Rutland CS, Mongan NP. Androgen dependent mechanisms of pro-angiogenic networks in placental and tumor development. Placenta 2017; 56:79-85. [PMID: 28238455 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2017.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Revised: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The placenta and tumors share important characteristics, including a requirement to establish effective angiogenesis. In the case of the placenta, optimal angiogenesis is required to sustain the blood flow required to maintain a successful pregnancy, whereas in tumors establishing new blood supplies is considered a key step in supporting metastases. Therefore the development of novel angiogenesis inhibitors has been an area of active research in oncology. A subset of the molecular processes regulating angiogenesis are well understood in the context of both early placentation and tumorigenesis. In this review we focus on the well-established role of androgen regulation of angiogenesis in cancer and relate these mechanisms to placental angiogenesis. The physiological actions of androgens are mediated by the androgen receptor (AR), a ligand dependent transcription factor. Androgens and the AR are essential for normal male embryonic development, puberty and lifelong health. Defects in androgen signalling are associated with a diverse range of clinical disorders in men and women including disorders of sex development (DSD), polycystic ovary syndrome in women and many cancers. We summarize the diverse molecular mechanisms of androgen regulation of angiogenesis and infer the potential significance of these pathways to normal and pathogenic placental function. Finally, we offer potential research applications of androgen-targeting molecules developed to treat cancer as investigative tools to help further delineate the role of androgen signalling in placental function and maternal and offspring health in animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika M Metzler
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Simone de Brot
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Robert S Robinson
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Jennie N Jeyapalan
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Emad Rakha
- School of Medicine and Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham City Hospital, NG5 1PB, UK
| | - Thomas Walton
- Department of Urology, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, NG5 1PB, UK
| | - David S Gardner
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Emma F Lund
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, LE12 5RD, UK
| | | | - Daisy Haigh
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Jack M Lochray
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Brian D Robinson
- Department of Pathology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York 10065, USA
| | - Cinzia Allegrucci
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Rupert G Fray
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Jenny L Persson
- Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden; Department of Molecular Biology, Umeå University, Sweden
| | - Niels Ødum
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Regina R Miftakhova
- Department of Molecular Biology, Umeå University, Sweden; Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Republic of Tatarstan 420008, Russian Federation
| | - Albert A Rizvanov
- Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Republic of Tatarstan 420008, Russian Federation
| | - Ieuan A Hughes
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Cambridge, Hills Rd, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | | | - David M Heery
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, NG7 2TQ, UK
| | - Catrin S Rutland
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, LE12 5RD, UK.
| | - Nigel P Mongan
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, LE12 5RD, UK; Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York 10065, USA.
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32
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Holzer G, Markov GV, Laudet V. Evolution of Nuclear Receptors and Ligand Signaling. Curr Top Dev Biol 2017; 125:1-38. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctdb.2017.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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33
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Lufrano D, Trejo SA, Llovera RE, Salgueiro M, Fernandez G, Martínez Damonte V, González Flecha FL, Raingo J, Ermácora MR, Perelló M. Ghrelin binding to serum albumin and its biological impact. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2016; 436:130-40. [PMID: 27431015 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2016.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Revised: 06/08/2016] [Accepted: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Ghrelin is an octanoylated peptide hormone that plays a key role in the regulation of the body weight and glucose homeostasis. In plasma, ghrelin circulates bound to larger proteins whose identities are partially established. Here, we used size exclusion chromatography, mass spectrometry and isothermal titration microcalorimetry to show that ghrelin interacts with serum albumin. Furthermore, we found that such interaction displays an estimated dissociation constant (KD) in the micromolar range and involves albumin fatty-acid binding sites as well as the octanoyl moiety of ghrelin. Notably, albumin-ghrelin interaction reduces the spontaneous deacylation of the hormone. Both in vitro experiments-assessing ghrelin ability to inhibit calcium channels-and in vivo studies-evaluating ghrelin orexigenic effects-indicate that the binding to albumin affects the bioactivity of the hormone. In conclusion, our results suggest that ghrelin binds to serum albumin and that this interaction impacts on the biological activity of the hormone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Lufrano
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Celular, Conicet, Argentina
| | - Sebastián A Trejo
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Celular, Conicet, Argentina; Servei de Proteòmica i Biologia Estructural, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ramiro E Llovera
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Celular, Conicet, Argentina
| | - Mariano Salgueiro
- Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes, Argentina
| | - Gimena Fernandez
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Celular, Conicet, Argentina
| | | | - F Luis González Flecha
- Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológicas, Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Jesica Raingo
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Celular, Conicet, Argentina
| | - Mario R Ermácora
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Celular, Conicet, Argentina; Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes, Argentina
| | - Mario Perelló
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Celular, Conicet, Argentina.
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34
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Lazar AI, Biedermann F, Mustafina KR, Assaf KI, Hennig A, Nau WM. Nanomolar Binding of Steroids to Cucurbit[n]urils: Selectivity and Applications. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:13022-13029. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b07655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra I. Lazar
- Department
of Life Sciences and Chemistry, Jacobs University Bremen, Campus Ring 1, 28759 Bremen, Germany
| | - Frank Biedermann
- Institute
of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz
Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Kamila R. Mustafina
- Department
of Life Sciences and Chemistry, Jacobs University Bremen, Campus Ring 1, 28759 Bremen, Germany
| | - Khaleel I. Assaf
- Department
of Life Sciences and Chemistry, Jacobs University Bremen, Campus Ring 1, 28759 Bremen, Germany
| | - Andreas Hennig
- Department
of Life Sciences and Chemistry, Jacobs University Bremen, Campus Ring 1, 28759 Bremen, Germany
| | - Werner M. Nau
- Department
of Life Sciences and Chemistry, Jacobs University Bremen, Campus Ring 1, 28759 Bremen, Germany
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35
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Akhavan SR, Salati AP, Falahatkar B, Jalali SAH. Changes of vitellogenin and Lipase in captive Sterlet sturgeon Acipenser ruthenus females during previtellogenesis to early atresia. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2016; 42:967-978. [PMID: 26732070 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-015-0189-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2015] [Accepted: 12/23/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Plasma chemistry, lipid metabolism and vitellogenin gene expression of captive Sterlet sturgeon Acipenser ruthenus were studied in different maturity stages. A total of 32 fish were sampled, and maturity stages were identified on the basis of histological criteria and direct observation. Females were classified to four groups: previtellogenic, vitellogenic, post-vitellogenic, and atresia. Blood, gonad and liver tissue samples were taken through non-lethal biopsy. Our results showed that plasma levels of glucose, cholesterol, triacylglycerol, high-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein, very low-density lipoprotein, calcium, phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase activity, albumin and total protein increased during ovarian development and were highest at post-vitellogenic stage. The lowest amounts in atresia stage demonstrate that lipid and energy imbalance was related to reabsorption and digestion of the yolk. These results suggested that the VLDL was the main plasma lipoprotein component of Sterlet. We determined that lipoprotein lipase and hepatic lipase activity increased during vitellogenesis process which suggested the role of lipase enzymes in regulating blood lipid metabolism. RT-PCR analysis indicates that Vitellogenin (VTG) mRNA could be detected both in livers and ovaries of female Sterlet. Throughout the study, the expression level of VTG gene showed an increase both in ovaries and in livers reaching its peak at late vitellogenesis stage. This strongly indicated a relation between VTG mRNA and ovarian development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sobhan Ranay Akhavan
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Marine Natural Resources, Khorramshahr University of Marine Science and Technology, Khorramshahr, Iran
| | - Amir Parviz Salati
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Marine Natural Resources, Khorramshahr University of Marine Science and Technology, Khorramshahr, Iran.
| | - Bahram Falahatkar
- Fisheries Department, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Guilan, P.O. Box 1144, Sowmeh Sara, Guilan, Iran
| | - Seyed Amir Hossein Jalali
- Institute of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, 84156-83111, Iran
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36
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Development of Drugs and Technology for Radiation Theragnosis. NUCLEAR ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.net.2016.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Chanphai P, Vesper AR, Bariyanga J, Bérubé G, Tajmir-Riahi HA. Review on the delivery of steroids by carrier proteins. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2016; 161:184-91. [PMID: 27261699 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2016.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2016] [Revised: 05/11/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Due to the poor solubility of steroids in aqueous solution, delivery of these biomaterials is of major biomedical importance. We have reviewed the conjugation of testosterone and it aliphatic dimer and aromatic dimer with several carrier proteins, human serum albumin (HSA), bovine serum albumin (BSA) and milk beta-lactoglobulin (b-LG) in aqueous solution at physiological pH. The results of multiple spectroscopic methods, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and molecular modeling were compared here. Steroid-protein bindings are via hydrophilic and H-bonding contacts. HSA forms more stable conjugate than BSA and b-LG. The stability of steroid-protein conjugates is testosterone>dimer-aromatic>dimer-aliphatic. Encapsulation of steroids by protein is shown by TEM images. Modeling showed the presence of H-bonding, which stabilized testosterone-protein complexes with the free binding energy of -12.95 for HSA and -11.55 for BSA and -8.92kcal/mol for b-LG conjugates. Steroid conjugation induced major perturbations of serum protein conformations. Serum proteins can transport steroids to the target molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Chanphai
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Physics, University of Québec at Trois-Rivières, C. P. 500, Trois-Rivières, Québec G9A 5H7, Canada
| | - A R Vesper
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Physics, University of Québec at Trois-Rivières, C. P. 500, Trois-Rivières, Québec G9A 5H7, Canada
| | - J Bariyanga
- Division of Humanities: Math/Sciences, University of Hawaii-West O'ahu, 1001 Farrington Highway, Kapolei, HI 96707, USA
| | - G Bérubé
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Physics, University of Québec at Trois-Rivières, C. P. 500, Trois-Rivières, Québec G9A 5H7, Canada
| | - H A Tajmir-Riahi
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Physics, University of Québec at Trois-Rivières, C. P. 500, Trois-Rivières, Québec G9A 5H7, Canada.
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Bray B, Scholl JL, Tu W, Watt MJ, Renner KJ, Forster GL. Amphetamine withdrawal differentially affects hippocampal and peripheral corticosterone levels in response to stress. Brain Res 2016; 1644:278-87. [PMID: 27208490 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2016.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Revised: 04/20/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Amphetamine withdrawal is associated with heightened anxiety-like behavior, which is directly driven by blunted stress-induced glucocorticoid receptor-dependent serotonin release in the ventral hippocampus. This suggests that glucocorticoid availability in the ventral hippocampus during stress may be reduced during amphetamine withdrawal. Therefore, we tested whether amphetamine withdrawal alters either peripheral or hippocampal corticosterone stress responses. Adult male rats received amphetamine (2.5mg/kg, ip) or saline for 14 days followed by 2 weeks of withdrawal. Contrary to our prediction, microdialysis samples from freely-moving rats revealed that restraint stress-induced corticosterone levels in the ventral hippocampus are enhanced by amphetamine withdrawal relative to controls. In separate groups of rats, plasma corticosterone levels increased immediately after 20min of restraint and decreased to below stress-naïve levels after 1h, indicating negative feedback regulation of corticosterone following stress. However, plasma corticosterone responses were similar in amphetamine-withdrawn and control rats. Neither amphetamine nor stress exposure significantly altered protein expression or enzyme activity of the steroidogenic enzymes 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (11β-HSD1) or hexose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (H6PD) in the ventral hippocampus. Our findings demonstrate for the first time that amphetamine withdrawal potentiates stress-induced corticosterone in the ventral hippocampus, which may contribute to increased behavioral stress sensitivity previously observed during amphetamine withdrawal. However, this is not mediated by either changes in plasma corticosterone or hippocampal steroidogenic enzymes. Establishing enhanced ventral hippocampal corticosterone as a direct cause of greater stress sensitivity may identify the glucocorticoid system as a novel target for treating behavioral symptoms of amphetamine withdrawal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brenna Bray
- Division of Basic Biomedical Sciences, Center for Brain and Behavior Research, University of South Dakota, 414 East Clark St, Vermillion, SD, United States.
| | - Jamie L Scholl
- Division of Basic Biomedical Sciences, Center for Brain and Behavior Research, University of South Dakota, 414 East Clark St, Vermillion, SD, United States.
| | - Wenyu Tu
- Division of Basic Biomedical Sciences, Center for Brain and Behavior Research, University of South Dakota, 414 East Clark St, Vermillion, SD, United States.
| | - Michael J Watt
- Division of Basic Biomedical Sciences, Center for Brain and Behavior Research, University of South Dakota, 414 East Clark St, Vermillion, SD, United States.
| | - Kenneth J Renner
- Department of Biology, Center for Brain and Behavior Research, University of South Dakota, 414 East Clark St, Vermillion, SD, United States.
| | - Gina L Forster
- Division of Basic Biomedical Sciences, Center for Brain and Behavior Research, University of South Dakota, 414 East Clark St, Vermillion, SD, United States.
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Chanphai P, Vesper AR, Bekale L, Bérubé G, Tajmir-Riahi HA. Transporting testosterone and its dimers by serum proteins. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2015; 153:173-83. [PMID: 26410041 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2015.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2015] [Revised: 09/03/2015] [Accepted: 09/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A substantial part of steroids is bound to serum proteins in vivo. We report the association of testosterone and it aliphatic dimer (alip) and aromatic dimer (arom) with human serum albumin (HSA) and bovine serum albumin (BSA) in aqueous solution at physiological pH. Multiple spectroscopic methods, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and molecular modeling were used to characterize steroid-protein binding and protein aggregation process. Spectroscopic analysis showed that steroids bind protein via hydrophobic, hydrophilic and H-bonding interactions. HSA forms more stable complexes than BSA. The binding affinity of steroid-protein adducts is testosterone>dimer-aromatic>dimer-aliphatic. Transmission electron microscopy showed major changes in protein morphology as steroid-protein complexation occurred with increase in the diameter of the protein aggregate indicating encapsulation of steroids by serum proteins. Modeling showed the presence of H-bonding stabilized testosterone-protein complexes with the free binding energy of -12.95 for HSA and -11.55 kcal/mol for BSA, indicating that the interaction process is spontaneous at room temperature. Steroid complexation induced more perturbations of BSA conformation than HSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Chanphai
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Physics, University of Québec at Trois-Rivières, C. P. 500, Trois-Rivières, QC G9A 5H7, Canada
| | - A R Vesper
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Physics, University of Québec at Trois-Rivières, C. P. 500, Trois-Rivières, QC G9A 5H7, Canada
| | - L Bekale
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Physics, University of Québec at Trois-Rivières, C. P. 500, Trois-Rivières, QC G9A 5H7, Canada
| | - G Bérubé
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Physics, University of Québec at Trois-Rivières, C. P. 500, Trois-Rivières, QC G9A 5H7, Canada
| | - H A Tajmir-Riahi
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Physics, University of Québec at Trois-Rivières, C. P. 500, Trois-Rivières, QC G9A 5H7, Canada.
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Lakshmipriya T, Horiguchi Y, Nagasaki Y. Co-immobilized poly(ethylene glycol)-block-polyamines promote sensitivity and restrict biofouling on gold sensor surface for detecting factor IX in human plasma. Analyst 2015; 139:3977-85. [PMID: 24922332 DOI: 10.1039/c4an00168k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
In order to detect an extremely low amount of human coagulation factor IX (FIX), poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)/aptamer co-immobilized surface was constructed using original PEG-polyamine surface modification agents on surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensor chip. Initially, a gold (Au) sensor chip of SPR was modified using poly(ethylene glycol)-b-poly[2-(N,N-dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate] (PEG-b-PAMA) followed by treatment with SH-dT20 and was duplexed with anti-FIX aptamer extended using A24. Furthermore, the co-immobilization of pentaethylenehexamine-terminated poly(ethylene glycol) (N6-PEG) on the sensing surface completely quenched bio-fouling. On this dual tethered PEG-surface, we determined that the dissociation constant for FIX-aptamer interaction was 37 ± 10 pM, and the sensitivity of detection could reach up to 800 fM on using aptamer-FIX-antibody sandwich pattern detected by gold nanoparticle-conjugated anti-mouse antibody. We could detect FIX in the presence of abundant albumin. Furthermore, to mimic the actual detection of FIX in clinical samples, we demonstrated our experimental results with human blood plasma instead of FIX. Higher-sensitivity was attained because of dual polymers immobilized on Au surface, and this can emerge as a common strategy for any aptamer-protein interactions. The selective binding of aptamer in human blood plasma described here indicates the suitability of the present strategy for detection in clinically relevant samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thangavel Lakshmipriya
- Department of Material Sciences, Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tennoudai 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan.
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Grün D, Lyubimova A, Kester L, Wiebrands K, Basak O, Sasaki N, Clevers H, van Oudenaarden A. Single-cell messenger RNA sequencing reveals rare intestinal cell types. Nature 2015; 525:251-5. [PMID: 26287467 DOI: 10.1038/nature14966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 822] [Impact Index Per Article: 91.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2014] [Accepted: 07/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the development and function of an organ requires the characterization of all of its cell types. Traditional methods for visualizing and isolating subpopulations of cells are based on messenger RNA or protein expression of only a few known marker genes. The unequivocal identification of a specific marker gene, however, poses a major challenge, particularly if this cell type is rare. Identifying rare cell types, such as stem cells, short-lived progenitors, cancer stem cells, or circulating tumour cells, is crucial to acquire a better understanding of normal or diseased tissue biology. To address this challenge we first sequenced the transcriptome of hundreds of randomly selected cells from mouse intestinal organoids, cultured self-organizing epithelial structures that contain all cell lineages of the mammalian intestine. Organoid buds, like intestinal crypts, harbour stem cells that continuously differentiate into a variety of cell types, occurring at widely different abundances. Since available computational methods can only resolve more abundant cell types, we developed RaceID, an algorithm for rare cell type identification in complex populations of single cells. We demonstrate that this algorithm can resolve cell types represented by only a single cell in a population of randomly sampled organoid cells. We use this algorithm to identify Reg4 as a novel marker for enteroendocrine cells, a rare population of hormone-producing intestinal cells. Next, we use Reg4 expression to enrich for these rare cells and investigate the heterogeneity within this population. RaceID confirmed the existence of known enteroendocrine lineages, and moreover discovered novel subtypes, which we subsequently validated in vivo. Having validated RaceID we then applied the algorithm to ex vivo-isolated Lgr5-positive stem cells and their direct progeny. We find that Lgr5-positive cells represent a homogenous abundant population of stem cells mixed with a rare population of Lgr5-positive secretory cells. We envision broad applicability of our method for discovering rare cell types and the corresponding marker genes in healthy and diseased organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominic Grün
- Hubrecht Institute-KNAW (Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences), 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands.,University Medical Center Utrecht, Cancer Genomics Netherlands, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Anna Lyubimova
- Hubrecht Institute-KNAW (Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences), 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands.,University Medical Center Utrecht, Cancer Genomics Netherlands, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Lennart Kester
- Hubrecht Institute-KNAW (Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences), 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands.,University Medical Center Utrecht, Cancer Genomics Netherlands, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Kay Wiebrands
- Hubrecht Institute-KNAW (Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences), 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands.,University Medical Center Utrecht, Cancer Genomics Netherlands, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Onur Basak
- Hubrecht Institute-KNAW (Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences), 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands.,University Medical Center Utrecht, Cancer Genomics Netherlands, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Nobuo Sasaki
- Hubrecht Institute-KNAW (Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences), 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands.,University Medical Center Utrecht, Cancer Genomics Netherlands, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Hans Clevers
- Hubrecht Institute-KNAW (Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences), 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands.,University Medical Center Utrecht, Cancer Genomics Netherlands, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Alexander van Oudenaarden
- Hubrecht Institute-KNAW (Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences), 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands.,University Medical Center Utrecht, Cancer Genomics Netherlands, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Androgen receptor: structure, role in prostate cancer and drug discovery. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2015; 36:3-23. [PMID: 24909511 PMCID: PMC4571323 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2014.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 541] [Impact Index Per Article: 60.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2014] [Accepted: 03/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Androgens and androgen receptors (AR) play a pivotal role in expression of the male phenotype. Several diseases, such as androgen insensitivity syndrome (AIS) and prostate cancer, are associated with alterations in AR functions. Indeed, androgen blockade by drugs that prevent the production of androgens and/or block the action of the AR inhibits prostate cancer growth. However, resistance to these drugs often occurs after 2–3 years as the patients develop castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). In CRPC, a functional AR remains a key regulator. Early studies focused on the functional domains of the AR and its crucial role in the pathology. The elucidation of the structures of the AR DNA binding domain (DBD) and ligand binding domain (LBD) provides a new framework for understanding the functions of this receptor and leads to the development of rational drug design for the treatment of prostate cancer. An overview of androgen receptor structure and activity, its actions in prostate cancer, and how structural information and high-throughput screening have been or can be used for drug discovery are provided herein.
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43
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Hong H, Branham WS, Ng HW, Moland CL, Dial SL, Fang H, Perkins R, Sheehan D, Tong W. Human sex hormone-binding globulin binding affinities of 125 structurally diverse chemicals and comparison with their binding to androgen receptor, estrogen receptor, and α-fetoprotein. Toxicol Sci 2014; 143:333-48. [PMID: 25349334 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfu231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
One endocrine disruption mechanism is through binding to nuclear receptors such as the androgen receptor (AR) and estrogen receptor (ER) in target cells. The concentration of a chemical in serum is important for its entry into the target cells to bind the receptors, which is regulated by the serum proteins. Human sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) is the major transport protein in serum that can bind androgens and estrogens and thus change a chemical's availability to enter the target cells. Sequestration of an androgen or estrogen in the serum can alter the chemical elicited AR- and ER-mediated responses. To better understand the chemical-induced endocrine activity, we developed a competitive binding assay using human pregnancy plasma and measured the binding to the human SHBG for 125 structurally diverse chemicals, most of which were known to bind AR and ER. Eighty seven chemicals were able to bind the human SHBG in the assay, whereas 38 chemicals were nonbinders. Binding data for human SHBG are compared with that for rat α-fetoprotein, ER and AR. Knowing the binding profiles between serum and nuclear receptors will improve assessment of a chemical's potential for endocrine disruption. The SHBG binding data reported here represent the largest data set of structurally diverse chemicals tested for human SHBG binding. Utilization of the SHBG binding data with AR and ER binding data could enable better evaluation of endocrine disrupting potential of chemicals through AR- and ER-mediated responses since sequestration in serum could be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huixiao Hong
- *Division of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, Division of Systems Biology, Division of Genetic and Molecular Toxicology and Office of Scientific Coordination, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079
| | - William S Branham
- *Division of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, Division of Systems Biology, Division of Genetic and Molecular Toxicology and Office of Scientific Coordination, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079
| | - Hui Wen Ng
- *Division of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, Division of Systems Biology, Division of Genetic and Molecular Toxicology and Office of Scientific Coordination, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079
| | - Carrie L Moland
- *Division of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, Division of Systems Biology, Division of Genetic and Molecular Toxicology and Office of Scientific Coordination, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079
| | - Stacey L Dial
- *Division of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, Division of Systems Biology, Division of Genetic and Molecular Toxicology and Office of Scientific Coordination, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079
| | - Hong Fang
- *Division of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, Division of Systems Biology, Division of Genetic and Molecular Toxicology and Office of Scientific Coordination, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079
| | - Roger Perkins
- *Division of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, Division of Systems Biology, Division of Genetic and Molecular Toxicology and Office of Scientific Coordination, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079
| | - Daniel Sheehan
- *Division of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, Division of Systems Biology, Division of Genetic and Molecular Toxicology and Office of Scientific Coordination, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079
| | - Weida Tong
- *Division of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, Division of Systems Biology, Division of Genetic and Molecular Toxicology and Office of Scientific Coordination, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079
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Luo B, Choong C. Porous ovalbumin scaffolds with tunable properties: A resource-efficient biodegradable material for tissue engineering applications. J Biomater Appl 2014; 29:903-11. [DOI: 10.1177/0885328214548881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Natural materials are promising alternatives to synthetic materials used in tissue engineering applications as they have superior biocompatibility and promote better cell attachment and proliferation. Ovalbumin, a natural polymer found in avian egg white, is an example of a nature-derived material. Despite the availability and reported biocompatibility of ovalbumin, limited research has been carried out to investigate the efficacy of ovalbumin-based scaffolds for adipose tissue engineering applications. Hence, the current study was carried out to investigate the effect of different crosslinkers on ovalbumin scaffold properties as first step towards the development of ovalbumin-based scaffolds for adipose tissue engineering applications. In this study, highly porous three-dimensional scaffolds were fabricated by using three different crosslinkers: glutaraldehyde, 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide and 1,4-butanediol diglycidyl ether. Results showed that the overall scaffold properties such as morphology, pore size and mechanical properties could be modulated based on the type and concentration of crosslinkers used during the fabrication process. Subsequently, the efficacy of the different scaffolds for supporting cell proliferation was investigated. In vitro degradation was also carried on for the best scaffold based on the mechanical and cellular results. Overall, this study is a demonstration of the viability of ovalbumin-based scaffolds as cell carriers for soft tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baiwen Luo
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Cleo Choong
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
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Saxena AK, Devillers J, Pery ARR, Beaudouin R, Balaramnavar VM, Ahmed S. Modelling the binding affinity of steroids to zebrafish sex hormone-binding globulin. SAR AND QSAR IN ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2014; 25:407-421. [PMID: 24874994 DOI: 10.1080/1062936x.2014.909197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The circulating endogenous steroids are transported in the bloodstream. These are bound to a highly specific sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) and in lower affinity to proteins such as the corticosteroid-binding protein and albumin in vertebrates, including fish. It is generally believed that the glycoprotein SHBG protects these steroids from rapid metabolic degradation and thus intervenes in its availability at the target tissues. Endocrine disrupters binding to SHBG affect the normal activity of natural steroids. Since xenobiotics are primarily released in the aquatic environment, there is a need to evaluate the binding affinity of xenosteroid mimics on fish SHBG, especially in zebrafish (Danio rerio), a small freshwater fish originating in India and widely employed in ecotoxicology, toxicology, and genetics. In this context, a zebrafish SHBG (zfSHBG) homology model was developed using the human SHBG (hSHBG) receptor structure as template. It was shown that interactions with amino acids Ser-36, Asp-59 and Thr-54 were important for binding affinity. A ligand-based pharmacophore model was also developed for both zfSHBG and hSHBG inhibitors that differentiated binders from non-binders, but also demonstrated structural requirements for zfSHBG and hSHBG ligands. The study provides insights into the mechanism of action of endocrine disruptors in zebrafish as well as providing a useful tool for identifying anthropogenic compounds inhibiting zfSHBG.
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Affiliation(s)
- A K Saxena
- a MPC Division , CSIR-CDRI , Lucknow , India
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Nguyen PTT, Lewis JG, Sneyd J, Lee RSF, Torpy DJ, Shorten PR. Development of a formula for estimating plasma free cortisol concentration from a measured total cortisol concentration when elastase-cleaved and intact corticosteroid binding globulin coexist. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2014; 141:16-25. [PMID: 24373796 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2013.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2013] [Revised: 11/07/2013] [Accepted: 12/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Cortisol bound to corticosteroid binding globulin (CBG) contributes up to 90% of the total cortisol concentration in circulation. Therefore, changes in the binding kinetics of cortisol to CBG can potentially impact on the concentration of free cortisol, the only form that is responsible for the physiological function of the hormone. When CBG is cleaved into elastase-cleaved CBG (eCBG) by the activity of neutrophil elastase, its affinity for cortisol is reduced. Therefore, when eCBG coexists with intact CBG (iCBG) in plasma, the calculation of free cortisol concentration based on the formulae that considers only one CBG pool with the same affinity for cortisol may be inappropriate. In this study, we developed in vivo and in vitro models of cortisol partitioning which considers two CBG pools, iCBG and eCBG, with different affinities for cortisol, and deduce a new formula for calculating plasma free cortisol concentration. The formula provides better estimates of free cortisol concentration than previously used formulae when measurements of the concentrations of the two CBG forms are available. The model can also be used to estimate the affinity of CBG and albumin for cortisol in different clinical groups. We found no significant difference in the estimated affinity of CBG and albumin for cortisol in normal, sepsis and septic shock groups, although free cortisol was higher in sepsis and septic shock groups. The in vivo model also demonstrated that the concentration of interstitial free cortisol is increased locally at a site of inflammation where iCBG is cleaved to form eCBG by the activity of elastase released by neutrophils. This supports the argument that the cleavage of iCBG at sites of inflammation leads to more lower-affinity eCBG and may be a mechanism that permits the local concentration of free cortisol to increase at these sites, while allowing basal free cortisol concentrations at other sites to remain unaffected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phuong T T Nguyen
- AgResearch Limited, Ruakura Research Centre, Private Bag 3123, Hamilton, New Zealand
| | - John G Lewis
- Steroid & Immunobiochemistry Laboratory, Canterbury Health Laboratories, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - James Sneyd
- Department of Mathematics, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Rita S F Lee
- AgResearch Limited, Ruakura Research Centre, Private Bag 3123, Hamilton, New Zealand
| | - David J Torpy
- The Endocrine and Metabolic Unit, Royal Adelaide Hospital, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Paul R Shorten
- AgResearch Limited, Ruakura Research Centre, Private Bag 3123, Hamilton, New Zealand; Gravida National Research Centre of Growth and Development, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
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47
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Moisan MP, Minni AM, Dominguez G, Helbling JC, Foury A, Henkous N, Dorey R, Béracochéa D. Role of corticosteroid binding globulin in the fast actions of glucocorticoids on the brain. Steroids 2014; 81:109-15. [PMID: 24252379 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2013.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Corticosteroid binding globulin (CBG) is a glycoprotein synthesized in liver and secreted in the blood where it binds with a high affinity but low capacity glucocorticoid hormones, cortisol in humans and corticosterone in laboratory rodents. In mammals, 95% of circulating glucocorticoids are bound to either CBG (80%) or albumin (15%) and only the 5% free fraction is able to enter the brain. During stress, the concentration of glucocorticoids rises significantly and the free fraction increases even more because CBG becomes saturated. However, glucocorticoids unbound to CBG are cleared from the blood more quickly. Our studies on mice totally devoid of CBG (Cbg k.o.) showed that during stress these mutant mice display a lower rise of glucocorticoids than the wild-type controls associated with altered emotional reactivity. These data suggested that CBG played a role in the fast actions of glucocorticoids on behavior. Further analyses demonstrated that stress-induced memory retrieval impairment, an example of the fast action of glucocorticoids on the brain is abolished in the Cbg k.o. mice. This effect of stress on memory retrieval could be restored in the Cbg k.o. mice by infusing corticosterone directly in the hippocampus. The mechanisms explaining these effects involved an increased clearance but no difference in corticosterone production. Thus, CBG seems to have an important role in maintaining in blood a glucocorticoid pool that will be able to access the brain for the fast effects of glucocorticoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- M P Moisan
- INRA, Nutrition & Neurobiologie Intégrée (NutriNeuro), UMR 1286, 33076 Bordeaux, France; Univ Bordeaux, Nutrition & Neurobiologie Intégrée (NutriNeuro), UMR 1286, 33076 Bordeaux, France.
| | - A M Minni
- INRA, Nutrition & Neurobiologie Intégrée (NutriNeuro), UMR 1286, 33076 Bordeaux, France; Univ Bordeaux, Nutrition & Neurobiologie Intégrée (NutriNeuro), UMR 1286, 33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - G Dominguez
- CNRS, Institut de Neurosciences Cognitives et Intégratives d'Aquitaine (INCIA), UMR 5287, Universités de Bordeaux1 et 2, 33400 Talence, France; UFR Sciences et Technique, Université de Tours, Parc de Grandmont, 37200 Tours, France
| | - J C Helbling
- INRA, Nutrition & Neurobiologie Intégrée (NutriNeuro), UMR 1286, 33076 Bordeaux, France; Univ Bordeaux, Nutrition & Neurobiologie Intégrée (NutriNeuro), UMR 1286, 33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - A Foury
- INRA, Nutrition & Neurobiologie Intégrée (NutriNeuro), UMR 1286, 33076 Bordeaux, France; Univ Bordeaux, Nutrition & Neurobiologie Intégrée (NutriNeuro), UMR 1286, 33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - N Henkous
- CNRS, Institut de Neurosciences Cognitives et Intégratives d'Aquitaine (INCIA), UMR 5287, Universités de Bordeaux1 et 2, 33400 Talence, France
| | - R Dorey
- CNRS, Institut de Neurosciences Cognitives et Intégratives d'Aquitaine (INCIA), UMR 5287, Universités de Bordeaux1 et 2, 33400 Talence, France
| | - D Béracochéa
- CNRS, Institut de Neurosciences Cognitives et Intégratives d'Aquitaine (INCIA), UMR 5287, Universités de Bordeaux1 et 2, 33400 Talence, France
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48
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Relevance Weighting of Tier 1 Endocrine Screening Endpoints by Rank Order. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 101:90-113. [DOI: 10.1002/bdrb.21096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2013] [Accepted: 12/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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49
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Mattos GE, Heinzmann JM, Norkowski S, Helbling JC, Minni AM, Moisan MP, Touma C. Corticosteroid-binding globulin contributes to the neuroendocrine phenotype of mice selected for extremes in stress reactivity. J Endocrinol 2013; 219:217-29. [PMID: 24048966 DOI: 10.1530/joe-13-0255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Increasing evidence indicates an important role of steroid-binding proteins in endocrine functions, including hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis activity and regulation, as they influence bioavailability, local delivery, and cellular signal transduction of steroid hormones. In the plasma, glucocorticoids (GCs) are mainly bound to the corticosteroid-binding globulin (CBG) and to a lesser extend to albumin. Plasma CBG levels are therefore involved in the adaptive stress response, as they determine the concentration of free, biologically active GCs. In this study, we investigated whether male mice with a genetic predisposition for high-reactivity (HR), intermediate-reactivity (IR), or low-reactivity (LR) stress-induced corticosterone (CORT) secretion present different levels of free CORT and CORT-binding proteins, basally and in response to stressors of different intensity. Our results suggest a fine control interaction between plasma CBG expression and stress-induced CORT release. Although plasma CBG levels, and therefore CBG binding capacity, were higher in HR animals, CORT secretion overloaded the CBG buffering function in response to stressors, resulting in clearly higher free CORT levels in HR compared with IR and LR mice (HR>IR>LR), resembling the pattern of total CORT increase in all three lines. Both stressors, restraint or forced swimming, did not evoke fast CBG release from the liver into the bloodstream and therefore CBG binding capacity was not altered in our three mouse lines. Thus, we confirm CBG functions in maintaining a dynamic equilibrium between CBG-bound and unbound CORT, but could not verify its role in delaying the rise of plasma free CORT immediately after stress exposure.
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MESH Headings
- Adaptation, Psychological
- Animals
- Behavior, Animal
- Corticosterone/blood
- Corticosterone/metabolism
- Disease Models, Animal
- Genetic Predisposition to Disease
- Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System/metabolism
- Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System/physiopathology
- Kinetics
- Liver/metabolism
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred Strains
- Neurosecretory Systems/metabolism
- Neurosecretory Systems/physiopathology
- Pituitary-Adrenal System/metabolism
- Pituitary-Adrenal System/physiopathology
- Restraint, Physical
- Serum Albumin/metabolism
- Stress, Physiological
- Stress, Psychological/blood
- Stress, Psychological/genetics
- Stress, Psychological/metabolism
- Stress, Psychological/physiopathology
- Transcortin/metabolism
- Up-Regulation
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele E Mattos
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Research Group of Psychoneuroendocrinology, Kraepelinstrasse 2-10, 80804 Munich, Germany Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Laboratory of Nutrition and Integrative Neurobiology, UMR 1286, 146 Rue Leo Saignat, 33076 Bordeaux, France University of Bordeaux, Laboratory of Nutrition and Integrative Neurobiology, UMR 1286, 146 Rue Leo Saignat, 33076 Bordeaux, France
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50
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Fan J, Papadopoulos V. Evolutionary origin of the mitochondrial cholesterol transport machinery reveals a universal mechanism of steroid hormone biosynthesis in animals. PLoS One 2013; 8:e76701. [PMID: 24124589 PMCID: PMC3790746 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0076701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2013] [Accepted: 08/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Steroidogenesis begins with the transport of cholesterol from intracellular stores into mitochondria via a series of protein-protein interactions involving cytosolic and mitochondrial proteins located at both the outer and inner mitochondrial membranes. In adrenal glands and gonads, this process is accelerated by hormones, leading to the production of high levels of steroids that control tissue development and function. A hormone-induced multiprotein complex, the transduceosome, was recently identified, and is composed of cytosolic and outer mitochondrial membrane proteins that control the rate of cholesterol entry into the outer mitochondrial membrane. More recent studies unveiled the steroidogenic metabolon, a bioactive, multimeric protein complex that spans the outer-inner mitochondrial membranes and is responsible for hormone-induced import, segregation, targeting, and metabolism of cholesterol by cytochrome P450 family 11 subfamily A polypeptide 1 (CYP11A1) in the inner mitochondrial membrane. The availability of genome information allowed us to systematically explore the evolutionary origin of the proteins involved in the mitochondrial cholesterol transport machinery (transduceosome, steroidogenic metabolon, and signaling proteins), trace the original archetype, and predict their biological functions by molecular phylogenetic and functional divergence analyses, protein homology modeling and molecular docking. Although most members of these complexes have a history of gene duplication and functional divergence during evolution, phylogenomic analysis revealed that all vertebrates have the same functional complex members, suggesting a common mechanism in the first step of steroidogenesis. An archetype of the complex was found in invertebrates. The data presented herein suggest that the cholesterol transport machinery is responsible for steroidogenesis among all vertebrates and is evolutionarily conserved throughout the entire animal kingdom.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinjiang Fan
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Vassilios Papadopoulos
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Biochemistry and Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
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