Antiapoptotic Gene Genotype and Allele Variations and the Risk of Lymphoma

BACKGROUND

The findings of earlier investigations of antiapoptotic gene genotypes and allele variants on lymphoma risk are ambiguous. This study aimed to examine the relationship between the mutation in the antiapoptotic genes and lymphoma risk among Saudi patients.

METHODS

This case-control study included 205 patients, 100 of whom had lymphoma (cases) and 105 who were healthy volunteers (controls). We used tetra amplification refractory mutation polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to identify antiapoptotic genes such as B-cell lymphoma-2 (BCL2-938 C > A), MCL1-rs9803935 T > G, and survivin (BIRC5-rs17882312 G > C and BIRC5-rs9904341 G > C). Allelic-specific PCR was used to identify alleles such as BIRC5-C, MCL1-G, and BIRC5-G.

RESULTS

The dominant inheritance model among cases showed that mutations in all four antiapoptotic genes were more likely to be associated with the risk of lymphoma by the odds of 2.0-, 1.98-, 3.90-, and 3.29-fold, respectively, compared to controls. Apart from the BCL-2-A allele, all three specified alleles were more likely to be associated with lymphoma by the odds of 2.04-, 1.65-, and 2.11-fold, respectively.

CONCLUSION

Unlike healthy individuals, lymphoma patients are more likely to have antiapoptotic gene genotypes and allele variants, apart from BCL-2-A alterations. In the future, these findings could be used to classify and identify patients at risk of lymphoma.

A Defucosylated Mouse Anti-CD10 Monoclonal Antibody (31-mG2a-f) Exerts Antitumor Activity in a Mouse Xenograft Model of Renal Cell Cancers

CD10 is a cell surface metalloendopeptidase that cleaves and degrades many secreted physiologically active peptides by its enzymatic activity. Although CD10 expression has been found in various types of cells, its expression is increased in several cancers, including renal cancer. In this study, the antitumor activity of a novel anti-human CD10 monoclonal antibody (mAb) was investigated. A defucosylated mouse IgG_2a version of C₁₀Mab-31 (31-mG_2a-f) was created from an anti-CD10 mAb, C₁₀Mab-31 (IgG₁, kappa). Both C₁₀Mab-31 and 31-mG_2a-f specifically reacted with endogenous CD10 in renal cancer cells, VMRC-RCW, with the dissociation constant (K_D) values of 6.3 × 10^-9 M and 1.1 × 10^-9 M, respectively, indicating high binding affinity. To further examine the anti-CD10 mAb-mediated effector functions, the antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) and complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC) were examined. The 31-mG_2a-f significantly exhibited ADCC and CDC against VMRC-RCW cells in vitro. Furthermore, 31-mG_2a-f exhibited antitumor activities in mouse xenografts of VMRC-RCW cells. These results suggest that 31-mG_2a-f exerts antitumor activities against CD10-expressing renal cancers and could be a valuable therapeutic candidate for treating them.

[Impact of the pathology in modern medicine]

In this review, the authors emphasize the pivotal role of the pathology in the setting of a revolution which progressively transforms medical sciences into basic sciences. Several key aspects of this specialty will be discussed together with the main perspectives in the fields of oncologic disorders.