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Paudel P, Dhungana B, Shrestha E, Verma D. Leiomyosarcoma of the Uterus: A Rare Diagnosis. Cureus 2021; 13:e17418. [PMID: 34589328 PMCID: PMC8459916 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.17418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Uterine leiomyosarcoma is a rare malignant tumor that accounts for almost 2-5% of all uterine malignancies. It has the highest prevalence during pre and perimenopause. Further, it clinically resembles benign conditions like leiomyoma, and the diagnosis is confirmed with the histologic findings of the mass. Here, we present the case of a 70-year-old female who presented with lower abdominal pain for two years. Exploratory laparotomy with hysterectomy was performed, and the diagnosis of leiomyosarcoma was confirmed after histological examination of the resected tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Palak Paudel
- Gynaecology, Bhaktapur Cancer Hospital, Bhaktapur, NPL
| | | | | | - Deepak Verma
- Internal Medicine/Family Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
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Schoucair R, Nicolas G, Ahdab R, Bejjani N, Abdalla EK. Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) in mesenteric leiomyosarcoma: A case report. Int J Surg Case Rep 2018; 49:96-101. [PMID: 29980031 PMCID: PMC6031592 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijscr.2018.04.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Accepted: 04/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is a syndrome characterized by headache, confusion, visual loss and seizures. Many factors influence the appearance of this syndrome, predominantly eclampsia, certain medical treatments and malignant hypertension. Diagnosed by typical transient lesions on magnetic resonance imaging. CASE REPORT We present a case of mesenteric leiomyosarcoma in a 52 year old woman, who had severe headache, abdominal heaviness, and hypertension. Investigations revealed a mesenteric mass and a Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome features on brain MRI, suggesting renin secretion by the tumor, causing the patient's symptoms. CONCLUSION Patient's symptoms disappeared after resection of the tumor, suggesting a renin production cessation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramy Schoucair
- Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon; LAUMRCH, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Gregory Nicolas
- Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon; LAUMRCH, Beirut, Lebanon.
| | - Rechdi Ahdab
- Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon; LAUMRCH, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Noha Bejjani
- Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon; LAUMRCH, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Eddie K Abdalla
- Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon; LAUMRCH, Beirut, Lebanon
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Barral M, Placé V, Dautry R, Bendavid S, Cornelis F, Foucher R, Guerrache Y, Soyer P. Magnetic resonance imaging features of uterine sarcoma and mimickers. Abdom Radiol (NY) 2017; 42:1762-1772. [PMID: 28246921 DOI: 10.1007/s00261-017-1076-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Uterine myometrial tumors are predominantly benign conditions that affect one-third of women and represent the main indication for hysterectomy. Preoperative imaging is of utmost importance for characterization and for precise mapping of myometrial tumors to best guide therapeutic strategy. New minimally invasive therapeutic strategies including morcellation, myolysis, uterine artery embolization and image-guided radiofrequency or focused ultrasound ablation have been developed for the treatment of uterine leiomyoma. However, preoperative differentiation between atypical leiomyomas and leiomyosarcomas is critical on imaging as uterine sarcoma requires a specific surgical technique to prevent dissemination. A single, rapidly growing uterine tumor, associated with endometrial thickening and ascites, in post-menopausal women is suspicious of uterine endometrial stromal sarcoma and carcinosarcoma. Suggestive magnetic resonance imaging features have been described, but overlap in imaging appearance between uterine leiomyosarcomas and cellular leiomyomas makes it challenging to ascertain the diagnosis. This review aims to illustrate the imaging features of uterine sarcomas and potential mimickers to make the reader more familiar with this serious condition which needs special consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Barral
- Sorbonne Paris Cité, Hôpital Lariboisière, Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France.
- Department of Body and Interventional Imaging, Hôpital Lariboisière, Assistance Publique- Hôpitaux de Paris, 2 rue Ambroise Paré, 75475, Paris, France.
- Inserm U-965, CART, Carcinose Angiogénèse et recherche translationnelle, 41 bvd de La Chapelle, 75010, Paris, France.
| | - Vinciane Placé
- Sorbonne Paris Cité, Hôpital Lariboisière, Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France
| | - Raphaël Dautry
- Sorbonne Paris Cité, Hôpital Lariboisière, Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France
| | - Sandra Bendavid
- Sorbonne Paris Cité, Hôpital Lariboisière, Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France
| | - Françoise Cornelis
- Department of Pathology, Hôpital Lariboisière, Assistance Publique- Hôpitaux de Paris, 2 rue Ambroise Paré, 75475, Paris, France
| | - Romain Foucher
- Sorbonne Paris Cité, Hôpital Lariboisière, Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France
- Department of Body and Interventional Imaging, Hôpital Lariboisière, Assistance Publique- Hôpitaux de Paris, 2 rue Ambroise Paré, 75475, Paris, France
| | - Youcef Guerrache
- Sorbonne Paris Cité, Hôpital Lariboisière, Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France
| | - Philippe Soyer
- Sorbonne Paris Cité, Hôpital Lariboisière, Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France
- Department of Body and Interventional Imaging, Hôpital Lariboisière, Assistance Publique- Hôpitaux de Paris, 2 rue Ambroise Paré, 75475, Paris, France
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RRM1, ERCC1 and TS1 Immunofluorescence Expression in Leiomyosarcoma: A Tissue Microarray Study with Clinical Outcome Correlation Analysis. Pathol Oncol Res 2015; 22:477-82. [PMID: 26612755 DOI: 10.1007/s12253-015-0021-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED ERCC1, RRM1 and TS1 are reportedly linked to chemotherapy resistance in lung and other cancers. However, there are currently no studies reporting the relationship between these genes and clinical parameters in leiomyosarcomas. METHOD This study investigated the expression pattern of ERCC1, RRM1 and TS1 in forty-four leiomyosarcoma samples by the use of tissue microarray (TMA), immunofluorescence and AQUA methods. The results were then analyzed for expression level and correlations were made with clinical outcome to determine their potential prognostic value in leiomyosarcoma. RESULTS In the forty-four samples studied, the expression level of these three proteins can be well quantified in the AQUA system and reflected by the AQUA score. RRM1 and ERCC1 expression levels did not show any relationship with overall survival. However, a correlation was found between TS1 expression in the cytoplasm and overall survival. The high expression group had a shorter overall survival time (log-rank p = 0.0498). This trend was confirmed by the Cox proportional hazards model. DISCUSSION The poor overall survival of leiomyosarcoma is linked to TS1 cytoplasm expression which may be useful in predicting prognoses of this tumor, methods targeting expression of TS1 may lead to improved overall survival in leiomyosarcoma, though more detailed information regarding treatment information and a larger sample size is needed to confirm this phenomenon.
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Brölmann H, Tanos V, Grimbizis G, Ind T, Philips K, van den Bosch T, Sawalhe S, van den Haak L, Jansen FW, Pijnenborg J, Taran FA, Brucker S, Wattiez A, Campo R, O’Donovan P, de Wilde RL. Options on fibroid morcellation: a literature review. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 12:3-15. [PMID: 25774118 PMCID: PMC4349949 DOI: 10.1007/s10397-015-0878-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2014] [Accepted: 01/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In laparoscopy, specimens have to be removed from the abdominal cavity. If the trocar opening or the vaginal outlet is insufficient to pass the specimen, the specimen needs to be reduced. The power morcellator is an instrument with a fast rotating cylindrical knife which aims to divide the tissue into smaller pieces or fragments. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) issued a press release in April 2014 that discouraged the use of these power morcellators. This article has the objective to review the literature related to complications by power morcellation of uterine fibroids in laparoscopy and offer recommendations to laparoscopic surgeons in gynaecology. This project was initiated by the executive board of the European Society of Gynaecological Endoscopy. A steering committee on fibroid morcellation was installed and experienced ESGE members requested to chair an action group to address distinct clinical questions. Clinical questions were formulated with regards to the sarcoma risk in presumed uterine fibroids, diagnosis of sarcoma, complications of morcellation and future research. A literature review on the different subjects was conducted, systematic if appropriate and feasible. It was concluded that the true prevalence of uterine sarcoma in presumed fibroids is not known given the wide range of prevalences (0.45–0.014 %) from meta-analyses mainly based on retrospective trials. Age and certain imaging characteristics such as ‘lacunes’ suggesting necrosis and increased central vascularisation of the tumour are associated with a higher risk of uterine sarcoma, although the risks remain low. There is not enough evidence to estimate this risk in individual patients. Complications of morcellation are rare. Reported are direct morcellation injuries to vessels and bowel, the development of so-called parasitic fibroids requiring reintervention and the spread of sarcoma cells in the abdominal cavity, which may possibly or even likely upstaging the disease. Momentarily in-bag morcellation is investigated as it may possibly prevent morcellation complications. Because of lack of evidence, this literature review cannot give strong recommendations but offers only options which are condensed in a flow chart. Prospective data collection may clarify the issue on sarcoma risk in presumed fibroids and technology to extract tissue laparoscopically from the abdominal cavity should be perfected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans Brölmann
- Department of Gynaecology, VU University Medical Centre, de Boelelaan 1117, 1181HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Vasilios Tanos
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Aretaeio Hospital, St George’s Medical School, Nicosia University, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Grigoris Grimbizis
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Thomas Ind
- Department of Gynaecological Oncology, Royal Marsden Hospital, London, UK
| | | | | | - Samir Sawalhe
- Donauisar Klinikum Deggendorf-Dingolfing-Landau, Deggendorf, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Florin-Andrei Taran
- Department for Women’s Health, University Hospital Tuebingen, Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Sara Brucker
- Department for Women’s Health, University Hospital Tuebingen, Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany
| | | | - Rudi Campo
- Leuven Institute for Fertility and Embryology (LIFE), Leuven, Belgium
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Peritoneal Nodules after Laparoscopic Surgery With Uterine Morcellation: Review of a Rare Complication. J Minim Invasive Gynecol 2014; 21:384-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmig.2014.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2013] [Revised: 12/30/2013] [Accepted: 01/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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