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Faulkner G, Weatherson KA, Duncan MJ, Wunderlich KB, Puterman E. Exploring Work-Time Affective States Through Ecological Momentary Assessment in an Office-Based Intervention to Reduce Occupational Sitting. J Phys Act Health 2023; 20:566-570. [PMID: 37037458 DOI: 10.1123/jpah.2022-0495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to examine whether a low-cost standing desk intervention that reduced occupational sitting was associated with changes in work-time cognitive-affective states in real time using ecological momentary assessments at the start and end of the trial. METHODS Forty-one office employees (91.7% female, mean age = 39.8 [10.1] y) were randomized to receive a low-cost standing desk or a waitlist control. Participants received 5 surveys each day for 5 workdays via smartphone application prior to randomization and at trial's end. Ecological momentary assessment assessed current work-time psychological states (valence and arousal, stress, fatigue, and perceived productivity). Multilevel models assessed whether changes in work-time outcomes over the course of the intervention were significantly different between treatment groups. RESULTS There were no significant differences in outcomes between the groups except for fatigue, with the control group reporting a significant decrease in daily fatigue following the intervention (P < .001). The intervention group reported no significant changes in any of the work-time outcomes across the study period (P > .05). CONCLUSIONS A low-cost standing desk intervention to reduce occupational sedentary behavior did not negatively impact work-time outcomes such as productivity and fatigue in the short term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guy Faulkner
- The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC,Canada
| | | | - Markus J Duncan
- The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC,Canada
- CHEO Research Institute, Ottawa, ON,Canada
| | | | - Eli Puterman
- The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC,Canada
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Di Sebastiano KM, Lau EY, Yun L, Faulkner G. An Evaluation of a Commercialized mHealth Intervention to Promote Physical Activity in the Workplace. Front Public Health 2022; 10:740350. [PMID: 35372253 PMCID: PMC8964520 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.740350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background UPnGO with ParticipACTION (UPnGO) was a commercialized 12-month workplace physical activity intervention, aimed at encouraging employees to sit less and move more at work. Its design took advantage of the ubiquitous nature of mobile fitness trackers and aimed to be implemented in any office-based workplace in Canada. The program was available at cost from June 2017 to April 2020. The objectives of this study are to evaluate the program and identify key lessons from the commercialization of UPnGO. Methods Using a quasi-experimental design over 3 time points: baseline, 6 months, 12 months, five evaluation indicators were measured as guided by the RE-AIM framework. Reach was defined as the number and percentage of employees who registered for UPnGO and the number and percentage of sedentary participants registered. Effectiveness was assessed through average daily step count. Adoption was determined by workplace champion and senior leadership responses to the off-platform survey. Implementation was assessed as the percentage of participants who engaged with specific program elements at the 3-evaluation time points. Maintenance was assessed by the number of companies who renewed their contracts for UPnGO. Results Reach across 17 organizations, 1980 employees participated in UPnGO, with 27% of participants identified as sedentary at baseline. Effectiveness Daily step count declined from 7,116 ± 3,558 steps at baseline to 6,969 ± 6,702 (p = <0.001) at 12 months. Adoption Workplace champion and senior leadership engagement declined from 189 to 21 and 106 to 5 from baseline to 12 months, respectively. Maintenance Two companies renewed their contracts beyond the first year. Conclusions The commercialization of UPnGO was an ambitious initiative that met with limited success; however, some key lessons can be generated from the attempt. The workplace remains an important environment for PA interventions but effective mHealth PA programs may be difficult to implement and sustain long-term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie M Di Sebastiano
- Department of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Durham University, Durham, United Kingdom.,Population and Physical Activity Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Erica Y Lau
- Vancouver Costal Health Research Centre, Centre for Clinical Epidemiology and Evaluation, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Emergency Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Lira Yun
- Faculty of Kinesiology, Sport and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Guy Faulkner
- Population and Physical Activity Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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Neshteruk CD, Willis E, Smith F, Vaughn AE, Grummon AH, Vu MB, Ward DS, Linnan L. Implementation of a workplace physical activity intervention in child care: process evaluation results from the Care2BWell trial. Transl Behav Med 2021; 11:1430-1440. [PMID: 33864466 DOI: 10.1093/tbm/ibab034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Care2BWell was designed to evaluate the efficacy of Healthy Lifestyles (HL), a worksite health promotion intervention to increase child care workers' physical activity. The purpose of this study was to use process evaluation to describe the implementation of HL and determine if different levels of implementation are associated with changes in workers' physical activity. Data were collected from 250 workers randomized to HL, a 6 month, multilevel intervention that included an educational workshop followed by three 8 week campaigns that included self-monitoring and feedback, raffle incentive, social support, and center director coaching. Process evaluation data collection included direct observation, self-reported evaluation surveys, website analytics and user test account data, tracking databases and semi-structured interviews. Implementation scores were calculated for each intervention component and compared at the center and individual levels. Nearly a third of workers never self-monitored and few (16%) met self-monitoring goals. Only 39% of centers engaged with the social support component as intended. Raffle and social support components were perceived as the least useful. Implementation varied widely by center (25%-76%) and individual workers (0%-94%). No within- or between-group differences for high compared to low implementation groups for change in physical activity were evident. Interview themes included limited sustainability, competing priorities, importance of social support, and desire for a more intensive, personalized intervention. Wide variation in implementation may explain limited effects on intervention outcomes. Future worksite interventions designed for child care workers can use these findings to optimize health promotion in this setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cody D Neshteruk
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Erik Willis
- Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Falon Smith
- Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Amber E Vaughn
- Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Anna H Grummon
- Center for Population and Development Studies, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Maihan B Vu
- Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,Department of Health Behavior, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Dianne S Ward
- Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Laura Linnan
- Department of Health Behavior, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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Truelove S, Vanderloo LM, Tucker P, Di Sebastiano KM, Faulkner G. The use of the behaviour change wheel in the development of ParticipACTION's physical activity app. Prev Med Rep 2020; 20:101224. [PMID: 33134041 PMCID: PMC7585152 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2020.101224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Mobile apps rooted in theory have been successful at changing health behaviours. ParticipACTION created a mobile app to increase Canadians’ physical activity levels. The mobile app development was guided by the Behaviour Change Wheel framework. Users’ capability, opportunity and motivation were targeted within the app. Five clusters of behaviour change techniques were used to target behaviour change.
The purpose of this study was to provide a detailed and systematic outline of how a theoretical behaviour change framework was applied in the development of ParticipACTION’s app to support a more active Canada. The app development process was guided by the Behaviour Change Wheel (BCW) framework, a theoretically-based approach for intervention development, in collaboration with the commercial app industry. Specifically, a behavioural diagnosis was used to understand what needs to change for the targeted behaviour to occur. Current literature, along with a series of surveys, and market research informed app development. Additionally, a validated app behaviour change scale, was consulted throughout development to help ensure app features maximized behaviour change potential. The behavioural diagnosis revealed that the app needed to target individuals’ physical and psychological capabilities, physical and social opportunities, and reflective and automatic motivations in order to increase physical activity levels. To accomplish this, 6 of a possible 9 intervention functions and 2 of 7 policy categories were selected from the BCW to be included in the app. Goals and planning, feedback and monitoring, behaviour identification, action planning and knowledge shaping were selected as the main behaviour change techniques for the app. Collaboration with a mobile app development firm helped to embed the selected behaviour change techniques, policy categories, intervention functions, and sources of behaviour within the app. Using a systematic approach, this study used the BCW to ensure the health promotion app was theoretically informed. Future research will evaluate its effectiveness in increasing the physical activity of Canadians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Truelove
- Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Western Ontario, Elborn College, Room 2577, London, Ontario, Canada
- Corresponding author.
| | - Leigh M. Vanderloo
- Child Health and Evaluative Sciences, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- ParticipACTION, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Patricia Tucker
- School of Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Katie M. Di Sebastiano
- School of Kinesiology, Faculty of Education, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Guy Faulkner
- School of Kinesiology, Faculty of Education, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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