[The absorption features of glycyrrhizic acid in composition of drug "phosphogliv"]

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and psoriasis: mechanisms of comorbidity and approaches to therapy

Psoriasis is a chronic immune-mediated skin disease of a multifactorial nature, characterized by accelerated proliferation of keratinocytes and impaired differentiation, an imbalance between pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines, with frequent involvement of the musculoskeletal system in the pathological process. The etiology of psoriasis is unknown, but several risk factors have been identified, including family history, smoking and obesity. The high prevalence of obesity, diseases of the cardiovascular system and digestive organs in patients with psoriasis allows us to consider it as an indicator of the patient’s metabolic disorders. In the structure of comorbidity of patients with psoriasis, special attention is drawn to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), which occupies a leading position in the structure of the incidence of chronic diffuse liver diseases among the adult population in many countries of the world, including Russia. Patients with psoriasis are more often diagnosed with NAFLD, regardless of the presence of metabolic syndrome and other traditional risk factors. The presence of NAFLD is associated with more severe psoriasis and worse outcomes. On the other hand, a negative effect of psoriasis on the course of liver pathology has been noted. In this regard, it seems particularly relevant to study the etiological factors and pathogenetic links underlying this comorbidity, as potential targets for targeted therapy, which can improve the effectiveness of treatment for this cohort of patients. The purpose of this review publication is to summarize and systematize the available data on the prevalence of comorbidity of psoriasis and NAFLD in the population, the mechanisms of its formation and approaches to patient management.

Pharmacological agents and transport nanosystems based on plant phospholipids

A new generation of plant phosphatidylcholine (PC)-based pharmacological agents has been developed under academician A.I. Archakov leadership at the Institute of Biomedical Chemistry (IBMC). For their production a unique technology allowing to obtain dry lyophilized phospholipid nanoparticles of 30 nm was elaborated. The successful practical application of PC nanoparticles as a drug agent may be illustrated by Phosphogliv (oral and injection formulations). Being developed at IBMC for the treatment of liver diseases, including viral hepatitis, Phosphogliv (currently marketed by the “Pharmstandard” company) is approved for clinical application in 2000, and is widely used in medical practice. Based on the developed and scaled in IBMC technology of prerparation of ultra small size phospholipid nanoparticles without the use of detergents/surfactants and stabilizers another drug preparation, Phospholipovit, exhibiting pronounced hypolipidemic properties has been obtained. Recently completed preclinical studies have shown that PC nanoparticles of 20-30 nm activate reverse cholesterol transport (RCT) and in this context it is more active than well known foreign preparation Essentiale. Phospholipovit is now at the stage of clinical trials (phase 1 completed). PC was also used as a basis for the development of a transport nanosystem with a particles size of 20-25 nm in diameter and incorporation of various drug substances from various therapeutic groups. Using several drugs substances as an example, increased bioavailability and specific activity were demonstrated for the formulations equipped with such transport nanosystem. Formulations equipped with the transport nanosystems have been developed for such pharmacological agents as doxorubicin, rifampin, budesonide, chlorin E6, prednisone, and others.