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de Andrade ARS, de Azevedo Koch EB, do Amaral Nogueira A, Pinto‐da‐Rocha R, Bragagnolo C, Lorenzo E, DaSilva MB, Delabie JHC. Evaluating higher taxa as surrogates of harvestmen biodiversity (Arachnida: Opiliones) along a latitudinal gradient in the Atlantic Forest. AUSTRAL ECOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/aec.13252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Rodrigues Santos de Andrade
- Programa de Pós‐graduação em Ecologia e Biomonitoramento Universidade Federal da Bahia Salvador Brazil
- Centro de Ecologia e Conservação Animal/ECOA Universidade Católica do Salvador Salvador Brazil
- Laboratório de Mirmecologia CEPEC‐CEPLAC Itabuna Brazil
| | - Elmo Borges de Azevedo Koch
- Programa de Pós‐graduação em Ecologia e Biomonitoramento Universidade Federal da Bahia Salvador Brazil
- Laboratório de Mirmecologia CEPEC‐CEPLAC Itabuna Brazil
| | - André do Amaral Nogueira
- Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Ciências Biológicas, IB ( Zoologia) Universidade Estadual Paulista São Paulo Brazil
| | - Ricardo Pinto‐da‐Rocha
- Departamento de Zoologia Instituto de Biociências Universidade de São Paulo São Paulo Brazil
- Departamento Ciências Agrárias e Ambientais Universidade Estadual Santa Cruz Ilhéus Brazil
| | - Cibele Bragagnolo
- Departamento de Ecologia e Biologia Evolutiva Universidade Federal de São Paulo Diadema Brazil
| | - Everton Lorenzo
- Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de Sistemática e Ecologia Universidade Federal da Paraíba João Pessoa Brazil
| | - Márcio Bernardino DaSilva
- Departamento de Sistemática e Ecologia, Centro de Ciências Exatas e da Natureza Universidade Federal da Paraíba João Pessoa Brazil
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Townsend VR, Schaus MH, Zvonareva T, Illinik JJ, Evans JT. Leg injuries and wound repair among cosmetid harvestmen (Arachnida, Opiliones, Laniatores). J Morphol 2016; 278:73-88. [PMID: 27862209 DOI: 10.1002/jmor.20620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2016] [Revised: 09/13/2016] [Accepted: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies of leg injuries in harvestmen have focused on the fitness consequences for individuals that use autospasy (voluntary detachment of the leg) as a secondary defense mechanism. Leg damage among non-autotomizing species of laniatorean harvestmen has not been investigated. Under laboratory conditions, we damaged femur IV of Cynorta marginalis and observed with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) the changes in these wounds over ten days. We also used SEM to examine leg damage from individuals of three species of cosmetid harvestmen that were collected in the field. On the basis of changes in the external surface of the hemolymph coagulum, we classified these wounds as fresh (coagulum forming), recent (coagulum with smooth surface), older (coagulum is scale-like with visible cell fragments), and fully healed (scale replaced by new cuticle growth on the terminal stump). Our observations indicate that wound healing in harvestmen occurs in a manner comparable to that of other chelicerates. Leg injuries exhibited interspecific variation with respect to the overall frequency of leg wounds and the specific legs that were most commonly damaged. In addition, we measured walking and climbing speeds of adult C. marginalis and found that individuals with fresh injuries (lab-induced) to femur IV walked at speeds significantly slower than uninjured adults or individuals collected from the field that had fully healed wounds to a single leg. J. Morphol. 278:73-88, 2017. ©© 2016 Wiley Periodicals,Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor R Townsend
- Department of Biology, Virginia Wesleyan College, 1584 Wesleyan Drive, Norfolk, Virginia, 23502
| | - Maynard H Schaus
- Department of Biology, Virginia Wesleyan College, 1584 Wesleyan Drive, Norfolk, Virginia, 23502
| | - Tatyana Zvonareva
- Department of Biology, Virginia Wesleyan College, 1584 Wesleyan Drive, Norfolk, Virginia, 23502
| | - Jeffrey J Illinik
- Department of Biology, Virginia Wesleyan College, 1584 Wesleyan Drive, Norfolk, Virginia, 23502
| | - John T Evans
- Department of Biology, Virginia Wesleyan College, 1584 Wesleyan Drive, Norfolk, Virginia, 23502
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Wolff JO, Schönhofer AL, Martens J, Wijnhoven H, Taylor CK, Gorb SN. The evolution of pedipalps and glandular hairs as predatory devices in harvestmen (Arachnida, Opiliones). Zool J Linn Soc 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/zoj.12375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jonas O. Wolff
- Functional Morphology and Biomechanics; Zoological Institute; University of Kiel; Am Botanischen Garten 9 D-24098 Kiel Germany
| | - Axel L. Schönhofer
- Department of Evolutionary Biology; Institute of Zoology; Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz; Johannes-von-Müller-Weg 6 D-55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Jochen Martens
- Department of Evolutionary Biology; Institute of Zoology; Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz; Johannes-von-Müller-Weg 6 D-55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Hay Wijnhoven
- Groesbeeksedwarsweg 300; NL-6521 DW Nijmegen Netherlands
| | - Christopher K. Taylor
- Department of Environment & Agriculture; Curtin University; GPO Box U1987 Perth 6845 Australia
| | - Stanislav N. Gorb
- Functional Morphology and Biomechanics; Zoological Institute; University of Kiel; Am Botanischen Garten 9 D-24098 Kiel Germany
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Proud DN, Felgenhauer BE, Townsend VR, Osula DO, Gilmore WO, Napier ZL, Van Zandt PA. Diversity and Habitat Use of Neotropical Harvestmen (Arachnida: Opiliones) in a Costa Rican Rainforest. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.5402/2012/549765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
In tropical rain forests, harvestmen assemblages are extremely diverse, with richness often exceeding 25 species. In the neotropics, there are published accounts of harvestmen faunas in South America rainforests (especially Amazonia), but relatively little is known about the community ecology of harvestmen in tropical forests of Central America. In this paper, we provide the first insights into the diverse assemblage of harvestmen inhabiting a wet forest at La Selva Biological Station, Costa Rica. Over five field seasons, we recorded 38 species. During our 2009 field season, we examined variation in species abundance, richness, and composition between adjacent successional forests (young secondary, mature secondary, and primary forests) as well as between distinct habitats (ground/litter layer and shrub/tree layer). Based on night samples (but not day), our results indicate that there are only minor differences in species composition and relative abundance between the forest ages, but no differences in richness. The ground/litter layer and shrub/tree layer habitats differed markedly in species composition, species richness, and relative abundance of several species. Our analysis of covariance supports the hypothesis that leg length is related to climbing behavior for several species belonging to Eupnoi and Laniatores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel N. Proud
- Department of Biology, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, P.O. Box 42451, Lafayette, LA 70504-2451, USA
| | - Bruce E. Felgenhauer
- Department of Biology, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, P.O. Box 42451, Lafayette, LA 70504-2451, USA
| | - Victor R. Townsend
- Department of Biology, Virginia Wesleyan College, 1584 Wesleyan Drive, Norfolk, VA 23502, USA
| | - Daniel O. Osula
- Department of Biology, Birmingham-Southern College, 900 Arkadelphia Road, Birmingham, AL 35254, USA
| | - Wyman O. Gilmore
- Department of Biology, Birmingham-Southern College, 900 Arkadelphia Road, Birmingham, AL 35254, USA
| | - Zachery L. Napier
- Department of Biology, Birmingham-Southern College, 900 Arkadelphia Road, Birmingham, AL 35254, USA
| | - Peter A. Van Zandt
- Department of Biology, Birmingham-Southern College, 900 Arkadelphia Road, Birmingham, AL 35254, USA
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