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Gaynor AM, Gazes Y, Haynes CR, Babukutty RS, Habeck C, Stern Y, Gu Y. Childhood engagement in cognitively stimulating activities moderates relationships between brain structure and cognitive function in adulthood. Neurobiol Aging 2024; 138:36-44. [PMID: 38522385 PMCID: PMC11363693 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2024.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
Greater engagement in cognitively stimulating activities (CSA) during adulthood has been shown to protect against neurocognitive decline, but no studies have investigated whether CSA during childhood protects against effects of brain changes on cognition later in life. The current study tested the moderating role of childhood CSA in the relationships between brain structure and cognitive performance during adulthood. At baseline (N=250) and 5-year follow-up (N=204) healthy adults aged 20-80 underwent MRI to assess four structural brain measures and completed neuropsychological tests to measure three cognitive domains. Participants were categorized into low and high childhood CSA based on self-report questionnaires. Results of multivariable linear regressions analyzing interactions between CSA, brain structure, and cognition showed that higher childhood CSA was associated with a weaker relationship between cortical thickness and memory at baseline, and attenuated the effects of change in cortical thickness and brain volume on decline in processing speed over time. These findings suggest higher CSA during childhood may mitigate the effects of brain structure changes on cognitive function later in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra M Gaynor
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States; Cognitive Neuroscience Division, Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States; Montclair State University, Department of Psychology, Montclair, NJ, United States
| | - Yunglin Gazes
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States; Cognitive Neuroscience Division, Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States; Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Caleb R Haynes
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States; Cognitive Neuroscience Division, Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Reshma S Babukutty
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States; Cognitive Neuroscience Division, Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Christian Habeck
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States; Cognitive Neuroscience Division, Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States; Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Yaakov Stern
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States; Cognitive Neuroscience Division, Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States; Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States; Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Yian Gu
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States; Cognitive Neuroscience Division, Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States; Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States; Department of Epidemiology, Joseph P. Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States.
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Bhattarai P, Thakuri DS, Nie Y, Chand GB. Explainable AI-based Deep-SHAP for mapping the multivariate relationships between regional neuroimaging biomarkers and cognition. Eur J Radiol 2024; 174:111403. [PMID: 38452732 PMCID: PMC11157778 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2024.111403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mild cognitive impairment (MCI)/Alzheimer's disease (AD) is associated with cognitive decline beyond normal aging and linked to the alterations of brain volume quantified by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and amyloid-beta (Aβ) quantified by positron emission tomography (PET). Yet, the complex relationships between these regional imaging measures and cognition in MCI/AD remain unclear. Explainable artificial intelligence (AI) may uncover such relationships. METHOD We integrate the AI-based deep learning neural network and Shapley additive explanations (SHAP) approaches and introduce the Deep-SHAP method to investigate the multivariate relationships between regional imaging measures and cognition. After validating this approach on simulated data, we apply it to real experimental data from MCI/AD patients. RESULTS Deep-SHAP significantly predicted cognition using simulated regional features and identified the ground-truth simulated regions as the most significant multivariate predictors. When applied to experimental MRI data, Deep-SHAP revealed that the insula, lateral occipital, medial frontal, temporal pole, and occipital fusiform gyrus are the primary contributors to global cognitive decline in MCI/AD. Furthermore, when applied to experimental amyloid Pittsburgh compound B (PiB)-PET data, Deep-SHAP identified the key brain regions for global cognitive decline in MCI/AD as the inferior temporal, parahippocampal, inferior frontal, supratemporal, and lateral frontal gray matter. CONCLUSION Deep-SHAP method uncovered the multivariate relationships between regional brain features and cognition, offering insights into the most critical modality-specific brain regions involved in MCI/AD mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Puskar Bhattarai
- Department of Radiology, Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Deepa Singh Thakuri
- Department of Radiology, Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; University of Missouri, School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Yuzheng Nie
- Department of Radiology, Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; Institute for Informatics, Data Science and Biostatistics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Ganesh B Chand
- Department of Radiology, Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; Imaging Core, Knight Alzheimer Disease Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; Institute of Clinical and Translational Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; NeuroGenomics and Informatics Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
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Zapater-Fajarí M, Diaz-Galvan P, Cedres N, Rydberg Sterner T, Rydén L, Sacuiu S, Waern M, Zettergren A, Zetterberg H, Blennow K, Kern S, Hidalgo V, Salvador A, Westman E, Skoog I, Ferreira D. Biomarkers of Alzheimer's Disease and Cerebrovascular Disease in Relation to Depressive Symptomatology in Individuals With Subjective Cognitive Decline. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2024; 79:glad216. [PMID: 37708068 PMCID: PMC10803123 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glad216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Subjective cognitive decline (SCD) has gained recent interest as a potential harbinger of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) and cerebrovascular disease (CVD). In addition, SCD can be related to depressive symptomatology. However, the association between AD and CVD biomarkers, depressive symptomatology, and SCD is still unclear. We investigated the association of AD and CVD biomarkers and depressive symptomatology with SCD in individuals with subjective memory complaints (SCD-memory group) and individuals with subjective concentration complaints (SCD-concentration group). METHODS We recruited a population-based cohort of 217 individuals (all aged 70 years, 53% female participants, 119 SCD-memory individuals, 23 SCD-concentration individuals, and 89 controls). AD and CVD were assessed through cerebrospinal fluid levels of the Aβ42/40 ratio and phosphorylated tau, and white matter signal abnormalities on magnetic resonance imaging, respectively. Associations between biomarkers, depressive symptomatology, and SCD were tested via logistic regression and correlation analyses. RESULTS We found a significant association between depressive symptomatology with SCD-memory and SCD-concentration. Depressive symptomatology was not associated with AD and CVD biomarkers. Both the phosphorylated tau biomarker and depressive symptomatology predicted SCD-memory, and the Aβ42/40 ratio and depressive symptomatology predicted SCD-concentration. CONCLUSIONS The role of depressive symptomatology in SCD may differ depending on the stage within the spectrum of preclinical AD (as determined by amyloid-beta and tau positivity), and does not seem to reflect AD pathology. Our findings contribute to the emerging field of subclinical depressive symptomatology in SCD and clarify the association of different types of subjective complaints with distinct syndromic and biomarker profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariola Zapater-Fajarí
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences, and Society, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
- Laboratory of Cognitive Social Neuroscience, Department of Psychobiology and IDOCAL, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Patricia Diaz-Galvan
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences, and Society, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Nira Cedres
- Department of Psychology, Sensory Cognitive Interaction Laboratory (SCI-Lab), Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Fernando Pessoa Canarias, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, España
| | - Therese Rydberg Sterner
- Centre for Ageing and Health at The University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Neuropsychiatric Epidemiology Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at The University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Lina Rydén
- Centre for Ageing and Health at The University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Neuropsychiatric Epidemiology Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at The University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Simona Sacuiu
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences, and Society, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
- Neuropsychiatric Epidemiology Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at The University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Margda Waern
- Centre for Ageing and Health at The University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Psychosis Department, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anna Zettergren
- Centre for Ageing and Health at The University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Neuropsychiatric Epidemiology Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at The University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Neuropsychiatric Epidemiology Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at The University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Neuropsychiatric Epidemiology Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at The University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Silke Kern
- Neuropsychiatric Epidemiology Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at The University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Clinic for Psychiatry, Cognition and Old Age Psychiatry, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Vanesa Hidalgo
- Laboratory of Cognitive Social Neuroscience, Department of Psychobiology and IDOCAL, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- IIS Aragón, Department of Psychology and Sociology, Area of Psychobiology, University of Zaragoza, Teruel, Spain
| | - Alicia Salvador
- Laboratory of Cognitive Social Neuroscience, Department of Psychobiology and IDOCAL, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- Spanish National Network for Research in Mental Health CIBERSAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Eric Westman
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences, and Society, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Neuroimaging, Centre for Neuroimaging Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Ingmar Skoog
- Neuropsychiatric Epidemiology Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at The University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Clinic for Psychiatry, Cognition and Old Age Psychiatry, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Daniel Ferreira
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences, and Society, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Fernando Pessoa Canarias, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, España
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Munro CE, Boyle R, Chen X, Coughlan G, Gonzalez C, Jutten RJ, Martinez J, Orlovsky I, Robinson T, Weizenbaum E, Pluim CF, Quiroz YT, Gatchel JR, Vannini P, Amariglio R. Recent contributions to the field of subjective cognitive decline in aging: A literature review. ALZHEIMER'S & DEMENTIA (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2023; 15:e12475. [PMID: 37869044 PMCID: PMC10585124 DOI: 10.1002/dad2.12475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
Subjective cognitive decline (SCD) is defined as self-experienced, persistent concerns of decline in cognitive capacity in the context of normal performance on objective cognitive measures. Although SCD was initially thought to represent the "worried well," these concerns can be linked to subtle brain changes prior to changes in objective cognitive performance and, therefore, in some individuals, SCD may represent the early stages of an underlying neurodegenerative disease process (e.g., Alzheimer's disease). The field of SCD research has expanded rapidly over the years, and this review aims to provide an update on new advances in, and contributions to, the field of SCD in key areas and themes identified by researchers in this field as particularly important and impactful. First, we highlight recent studies examining sociodemographic and genetic risk factors for SCD, including explorations of SCD across racial and ethnic minoritized groups, and examinations of sex and gender considerations. Next, we review new findings on relationships between SCD and in vivo markers of pathophysiology, utilizing neuroimaging and biofluid data, as well as associations between SCD and objective cognitive tests and neuropsychiatric measures. Finally, we summarize recent work on interventions for SCD and areas of future growth in the field of SCD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rory Boyle
- Department of NeurologyMassachusetts General HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Xi Chen
- Helen Wills Neuroscience InstituteUniversity of California BerkeleyBerkeleyCaliforniaUSA
| | - Gillian Coughlan
- Department of NeurologyMassachusetts General HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Christopher Gonzalez
- Department of PsychologyIllinois Institute of TechnologyChicagoIllinoisUSA
- Department of PsychiatryMassachusetts General HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Roos J. Jutten
- Department of NeurologyMassachusetts General HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Jairo Martinez
- Department of PsychiatryMassachusetts General HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Department of Psychological and Brain SciencesBoston UniversityBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Irina Orlovsky
- Department of Psychological and Brain SciencesUniversity of Massachusetts AmherstAmherstMassachusettsUSA
| | | | - Emma Weizenbaum
- Department of PsychiatryMassachusetts General HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Celina F. Pluim
- Brigham and Women's HospitalBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Department of PsychiatryMassachusetts General HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Department of Psychological and Brain SciencesBoston UniversityBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Yakeel T. Quiroz
- Department of NeurologyMassachusetts General HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Department of PsychiatryMassachusetts General HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Jennifer R. Gatchel
- Department of PsychiatryMassachusetts General HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Patrizia Vannini
- Brigham and Women's HospitalBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Department of NeurologyMassachusetts General HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
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Goldstein FC, Okafor M, Yang Z, Thomas T, Saleh S, Hajjar I. Subjective cognitive complaints in White and African American older adults: associations with demographic, mood, cognitive, and neuroimaging features. NEUROPSYCHOLOGY, DEVELOPMENT, AND COGNITION. SECTION B, AGING, NEUROPSYCHOLOGY AND COGNITION 2023; 30:957-970. [PMID: 37602758 PMCID: PMC10843657 DOI: 10.1080/13825585.2023.2249181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Subjective cognitive complaints (SCC) in cognitively intact older adults have been investigated as a clinically important symptom that may portend the onset of a neurodegenerative disorder such as Alzheimer's disease. Few studies have concurrently incorporated demographic features, depressive symptoms, neuropsychological status, and neuroimaging correlates of SCC and evaluated whether these differ in White and African American older adults. In the current study, 131 (77 White, 54 African American) healthy participants ≥50 years old completed the Cognitive Function Instrument (CFI) to assess SCC, and they underwent objective cognitive testing, assessment of mood, and brain magnetic resonance imaging. Pearson Product Moment correlations were performed to evaluate associations of the CFI self-ratings with the above measures for the combined group and separately for White and African American participants. SCC were associated with greater depressive symptoms in both White and African American participants in adjusted models controlling for overall cognitive status, education, and hypertension. Greater white matter hyperintensities, lower cortical thickness, older age, and slower set shifting speed were associated with increased SCC in White participants. Although the correlations were not significant for African Americans, the strength of the associations were comparable to White participants. Hippocampal volume was not associated with either total SCC or items specific to memory functioning in the entire group. Longitudinal studies are needed to further evaluate the clinical significance of these associations with risk of conversion to mild cognitive impairment and dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maureen Okafor
- Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Zhiyi Yang
- Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Tiffany Thomas
- Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Sabria Saleh
- Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Ihab Hajjar
- Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas Texas
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Chen Y, Wang Y, Song Z, Fan Y, Gao T, Tang X. Abnormal white matter changes in Alzheimer's disease based on diffusion tensor imaging: A systematic review. Ageing Res Rev 2023; 87:101911. [PMID: 36931328 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2023.101911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a degenerative neurological disease in elderly individuals. Subjective cognitive decline (SCD), mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and further development to dementia (d-AD) are considered to be major stages of the progressive pathological development of AD. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), one of the most important modalities of MRI, can describe the microstructure of white matter through its tensor model. It is widely used in understanding the central nervous system mechanism and finding appropriate potential biomarkers for the early stages of AD. Based on the multilevel analysis methods of DTI (voxelwise, fiberwise and networkwise), we summarized that AD patients mainly showed extensive microstructural damage, structural disconnection and topological abnormalities in the corpus callosum, fornix, and medial temporal lobe, including the hippocampus and cingulum. The diffusion features and structural connectomics of specific regions can provide information for the early assisted recognition of AD. The classification accuracy of SCD and normal controls can reach 92.68% at present. And due to the further changes of brain structure and function, the classification accuracy of MCI, d-AD and normal controls can reach more than 97%. Finally, we summarized the limitations of current DTI-based AD research and propose possible future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Chen
- School of Medical Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yifei Wang
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Zeyu Song
- School of Medical Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yingwei Fan
- School of Medical Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Tianxin Gao
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Xiaoying Tang
- School of Medical Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China; School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China.
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Cerebrovascular damage in subjective cognitive decline: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Ageing Res Rev 2022; 82:101757. [PMID: 36240992 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2022.101757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Subjective cognitive decline (SCD) has been postulated as an early marker of Alzheimer's Disease (AD) but it can also be associated to other non-AD pathologies such as Vascular Dementia (VaD). Nevertheless, there is scarce data about SCD as a potential harbinger of cerebrovascular pathology. Thus, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis on the association between SCD and cerebrovascular damage measured by neuroimaging markers. METHOD This study was performed following the PRISMA guidelines. The search was conducted in 3 databases (PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science) from origin to December 8th, 2021. Primary studies including cognitively unimpaired adults with SCD and neuroimaging markers of cerebrovascular damage (i.e., white matter signal abnormalities, WMSA) were selected. Qualitative synthesis and meta-analysis of studies with a case-control design was performed. RESULTS Of 241 articles identified, 21 research articles were selected. Eight case-control studies were included for the meta-analysis. A significant overall effect-size was observed for the mean WMSA burden in SCD relative to controls, where the WMSA burden was higher in SCD. CONCLUSION Our findings show the potential usefulness of SCD as a harbinger of cerebrovascular disease in cognitively healthy individuals. Further research is needed in order to elucidate the role of SCD as a preclinical marker of vascular cognitive impairment.
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Liu J, Cui K, Chen Q, Li Z, Fu J, Gong X, Xu H. Association of walking speed with cognitive function in Chinese older adults: A nationally representative cohort study. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:1003896. [PMID: 36438013 PMCID: PMC9685315 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.1003896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Slow walking speed has been shown to predict cognitive decline in older individuals, but studies conducted among Chinese older adults are scarce. We examined the association of walking speed with cognitive function and the trajectory of cognitive decline among Chinese adults aged 60 years and older. METHODS Data was from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS), an ongoing nationally representative prospective cohort study. Walking speed was evaluated over a straight 2.5-meter flat course at baseline and categorized into tertiles (the lowest, middle, and highest). Cognitive function was assessed at each wave in three domains: episodic memory, mental status, and global cognition. Data were analyzed using linear mixed-effects models. RESULTS A total of 3,954 older adults (48.6% female; mean age: 67.6 ± 5.55 years) were followed for up to 7 years. Participants with lowest walking speed have poorer episodic memory (β = -0.37; 95% CI: -0.46, -0.28), mental status (β = -0.45; 95% CI: -0.60, -0.29), and global cognition (β = -0.81; 95% CI: -1.03, -0.60) over the follow-up. Compared with the highest tertile of walking speed, the lowest walking speed was associated with a faster decline in episodic memory (β = -0.04; 95% CI: -0.07, -0.02), mental status (β = -0.04; 95% CI: -0.07, -0.01), and global cognition (β = -0.06; 95% CI: -0.11, -0.01). CONCLUSION Slower walking speed is associated with subsequent risk of poorer cognitive function and faster cognitive decline in older Chinese adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianping Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Ganzhou Institute of Respiratory Diseases, The Fifth People’s Hospital of Ganzhou, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
| | - Kaiwang Cui
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Ganzhou Institute of Respiratory Diseases, The Fifth People’s Hospital of Ganzhou, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
| | - Qian Chen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Ganzhou Institute of Respiratory Diseases, The Fifth People’s Hospital of Ganzhou, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
| | - Zhiteng Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Ganzhou Institute of Respiratory Diseases, The Fifth People’s Hospital of Ganzhou, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
| | - Jing Fu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Ganzhou Institute of Respiratory Diseases, The Fifth People’s Hospital of Ganzhou, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xiangwen Gong
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Ganzhou Institute of Respiratory Diseases, The Fifth People’s Hospital of Ganzhou, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
| | - Hui Xu
- Big Data Center, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China
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Cedres N, Aejmelaeus-Lindström A, Ekström I, Nordin S, Li X, Persson J, Olofsson JK. Subjective Impairments in Olfaction and Cognition Predict Dissociated Behavioral Outcomes. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci 2022; 78:1-9. [PMID: 36000774 PMCID: PMC9890914 DOI: 10.1093/geronb/gbac124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Self-rated subjective cognitive decline (SCD) and subjective olfactory impairment (SOI) are associated with objective cognitive decline and dementia. However, their relationship and co-occurrence is unknown. We aimed to (a) describe the occurrence of SOI, SCD and their overlap in the general population; (b) compare SOI and SCD in terms of longitudinal associations with corresponding objective olfactory and cognitive measures; and (c) describe how SOI and SCD may lead to distinct sensory and cognitive outcomes. METHODS Cognitively unimpaired individuals from the third wave of the Swedish population-based Betula study (n = 784, aged 35-90 years; 51% females) were split into self-rated SOI, SCD, overlapping SCD + SOI, and controls. Between-subject and within-subject repeated-measures MANCOVA were used to compare the groups regarding odor identification, cognition, age, sex, and education. Spearman correlation was used to assess the different patterns of association between olfaction and cognition across groups. RESULTS SOI was present in 21.1%, whereas SCD was present in 9.9% of participants. According to a chi-square analysis, the SCD + SOI overlap (2.7%) is on a level that could be expected if the phenomena were independent. Odor identification in SOI showed decline at the 10-year follow-up (n = 284) and was positively associated with cognition. The SOI and SCD groups showed distinct cognitive-olfactory profiles at follow-up. CONCLUSIONS SOI occur independently of SCD in the population, and these risk factors are associated with different cognitive and olfactory outcomes. The biological causes underlying SOI and SCD, as well as the risk for future cognitive impairment, need further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nira Cedres
- Address correspondence to: Nira Cedres, PhD, Department of Psychology, Sensory Cognitive Interaction Laboratory (SCI-Lab), Stockholm University, Albanovägen 12, 114 19 Stockholm, Sweden. E-mail:
| | - Andrea Aejmelaeus-Lindström
- Department of Psychology, Sensory Cognitive Interaction Laboratory (SCI-Lab), Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ingrid Ekström
- Aging Research Center, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Steven Nordin
- Department of Psychology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Xin Li
- Aging Research Center, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jonas Persson
- Aging Research Center, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jonas K Olofsson
- Department of Psychology, Sensory Cognitive Interaction Laboratory (SCI-Lab), Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
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