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Kitanovski S, Cao Y, Ttoouli D, Farahpour F, Wang J, Hoffmann D. scBubbletree: computational approach for visualization of single cell RNA-seq data. BMC Bioinformatics 2024; 25:302. [PMID: 39271980 PMCID: PMC11401305 DOI: 10.1186/s12859-024-05927-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2024] [Accepted: 09/09/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Visualization approaches transform high-dimensional data from single cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) experiments into two-dimensional plots that are used for analysis of cell relationships, and as a means of reporting biological insights. Yet, many standard approaches generate visuals that suffer from overplotting, lack of quantitative information, and distort global and local properties of biological patterns relative to the original high-dimensional space. RESULTS We present scBubbletree, a new, scalable method for visualization of scRNA-seq data. The method identifies clusters of cells of similar transcriptomes and visualizes such clusters as "bubbles" at the tips of dendrograms (bubble trees), corresponding to quantitative summaries of cluster properties and relationships. scBubbletree stacks bubble trees with further cluster-associated information in a visually easily accessible way, thus facilitating quantitative assessment and biological interpretation of scRNA-seq data. We demonstrate this with large scRNA-seq data sets, including one with over 1.2 million cells. CONCLUSIONS To facilitate coherent quantification and visualization of scRNA-seq data we developed the R-package scBubbletree, which is freely available as part of the Bioconductor repository at: https://bioconductor.org/packages/scBubbletree/.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simo Kitanovski
- Bioinformatics and Computational Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Centre for Medical Biotechnology (ZMB), University of Duisburg-Essen, 45141, Essen, Germany.
| | - Yingying Cao
- Bioinformatics and Computational Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Centre for Medical Biotechnology (ZMB), University of Duisburg-Essen, 45141, Essen, Germany
| | - Dimitris Ttoouli
- Bioinformatics and Computational Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Centre for Medical Biotechnology (ZMB), University of Duisburg-Essen, 45141, Essen, Germany
| | - Farnoush Farahpour
- Bioinformatics and Computational Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Centre for Medical Biotechnology (ZMB), University of Duisburg-Essen, 45141, Essen, Germany
- Institute of Cell Biology (Cancer Research), University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147, Essen, Germany
| | - Jun Wang
- Bioinformatics and Computational Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Centre for Medical Biotechnology (ZMB), University of Duisburg-Essen, 45141, Essen, Germany
- National Clinical Research Centre for Infectious Diseases, The Third People's Hospital of Shenzhen and The Second Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518112, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Daniel Hoffmann
- Bioinformatics and Computational Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Centre for Medical Biotechnology (ZMB), University of Duisburg-Essen, 45141, Essen, Germany.
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Manisekaran T, Khairul WM, Foong YD, Tuan Johari SAT, Hashim F, Rahamathullah R, Mohammed M. Assessment on functionalized conjugated acetylide and its designated acetylide-imine moieties towards Acanthamoeba sp.: An in vitro bioindicator study. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 364:143220. [PMID: 39233293 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.143220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2024] [Revised: 08/09/2024] [Accepted: 08/29/2024] [Indexed: 09/06/2024]
Abstract
The demand for developing bioindicators to assess environmental pollution has increased significantly due to the awareness of potential threats of diseases. Herein, the eukaryotic ubiquitous microorganism Acanthamoeba sp. was used as a bioindicator to explore further the influence of functionalized organic molecules containing -CC- and -CHN- moieties prior application in the potential electronic components. The acetylide and hybrid acetylide-imine derivatives (FYD3A, FYD4B, and FYD4C) were tested for their cytotoxicity potentials based on dose-response analysis, morphological observation, and mode of cell death assessment on Acanthamoeba sp. (environmental-isolate). The biological activities of optimized compounds were evaluated by HOMO-LUMO energy gap and MEP analysis. The determination of the IC50 value through the MTT assay showed functionalized organic molecules of FYD3A, FYD4B, and FYD4C, revealing the inhibition growth of Acanthamoeba sp. with IC50 values in the 3.515-3.845 μg/mL range. Morphological observation displayed encystment with cellular agglutination and overall cell shrinkage. AO/PI-stained moieties-treated Acanthamoeba sp. cells appeared with shades of red to orange in necrotic Acanthamoeba cells whilst green to yellow apoptotic Acanthamoeba cells when compared to entirely green fluorescence untreated cells. Moreover, the results of the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) assay demonstrate the integrity and functionality potential of the mitochondrial membrane in cells, where a decrease in the MMP assay is linked to apoptosis. This study confirmed that the functionalized organic molecule featuring acetylide and its designated acetylide-imine moieties exhibit cytotoxicity towards the Acanthamoeba sp. by apoptotic and necrotic mode of cell death. This indicates that seeping these derivatives as electronic components can lead to the leaching of hazardous chemicals and contribute to environmental pollution that negatively affects the ecosystem. This study proposes the selection of efficient systems and elements for functionalized organic molecules that are safe to be released into the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thivyan Manisekaran
- Faculty of Science and Marine Environment, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Wan M Khairul
- Faculty of Science and Marine Environment, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia.
| | - Yinn Dorng Foong
- Faculty of Science and Marine Environment, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Syed Ahmad Tajudin Tuan Johari
- Centre for Research in Infectious Diseases and Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Medical Campus, 20400, Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Fatimah Hashim
- Faculty of Science and Marine Environment, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia; Biological Security and Sustainability Research Group, Faculty of Science and Marine Environment, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia.
| | - Rafizah Rahamathullah
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering & Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 02600, Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
| | - Mas Mohammed
- Faculty of Science and Marine Environment, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
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3
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Abusara OH, Ibrahim AIM, Issa H, Hammad AM, Ismail WH. In Vitro Evaluation of ALDH1A3-Affinic Compounds on Breast and Prostate Cancer Cell Lines as Single Treatments and in Combination with Doxorubicin. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:2170-2181. [PMID: 36975509 PMCID: PMC10047313 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45030139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) enzymes are involved in the growth and development of several tissues, including cancer cells. It has been reported that targeting the ALDH family, including the ALDH1A subfamily, enhances cancer treatment outcomes. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the cytotoxicity of ALDH1A3-affinic compounds that have been recently discovered by our group, on breast (MCF7 and MDA-MB-231) and prostate (PC-3) cancer cell lines. These compounds were investigated on the selected cell lines as single treatments and in combination with doxorubicin (DOX). Results showed that the combination treatment experiments of the selective ALDH1A3 inhibitors (compounds 15 and 16) at variable concentrations with DOX resulted in significant increases in the cytotoxic effect on the MCF7 cell line for compound 15, and to a lesser extent for compound 16 on the PC-3 cell line, compared to DOX alone. The activity of compounds 15 and 16 as single treatments on all cell lines was found to be non-cytotoxic. Therefore, our findings showed that the investigated compounds have a promising potential to target cancer cells, possibly via an ALDH-related pathway, and sensitize them to DOX treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osama H. Abusara
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Amman 11733, Jordan
- Correspondence:
| | - Ali I. M. Ibrahim
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Amman 11733, Jordan
| | | | - Alaa M. Hammad
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Amman 11733, Jordan
| | - Worood H. Ismail
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Amman 11733, Jordan
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4
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Ibrahim AIM, Batlle E, Sneha S, Jiménez R, Pequerul R, Parés X, Rüngeler T, Jha V, Tuccinardi T, Sadiq M, Frame F, Maitland NJ, Farrés J, Pors K. Expansion of the 4-(Diethylamino)benzaldehyde Scaffold to Explore the Impact on Aldehyde Dehydrogenase Activity and Antiproliferative Activity in Prostate Cancer. J Med Chem 2022; 65:3833-3848. [PMID: 35212533 PMCID: PMC9007462 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c01367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Aldehyde dehydrogenases (ALDHs) are
overexpressed in various tumor
types including prostate cancer and considered a potential target
for therapeutic intervention. 4-(Diethylamino)benzaldehyde (DEAB)
has been extensively reported as a pan-inhibitor of ALDH isoforms,
and here, we report on the synthesis, ALDH isoform selectivity, and
cellular potencies in prostate cancer cells of 40 DEAB analogues;
three analogues (14, 15, and 16) showed potent inhibitory activity against ALDH1A3, and two analogues
(18 and 19) showed potent inhibitory activity
against ALDH3A1. Significantly, 16 analogues displayed increased cytotoxicity
(IC50 = 10–200 μM) compared with DEAB (>200
μM) against three different prostate cancer cell lines. Analogues 14 and 18 were more potent than DEAB against
patient-derived primary prostate tumor epithelial cells, as single
agents or in combination treatment with docetaxel. In conclusion,
our study supports the use of DEAB as an ALDH inhibitor but also reveals
closely related analogues with increased selectivity and potency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali I M Ibrahim
- Institute of Cancer Therapeutics, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bradford, Yorkshire BD7 1DP, U.K.,Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Amman 11733, Jordan
| | - Elisabet Batlle
- Institute of Cancer Therapeutics, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bradford, Yorkshire BD7 1DP, U.K.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona E-08193, Spain
| | - Smarakan Sneha
- Institute of Cancer Therapeutics, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bradford, Yorkshire BD7 1DP, U.K
| | - Rafael Jiménez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona E-08193, Spain
| | - Raquel Pequerul
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona E-08193, Spain
| | - Xavier Parés
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona E-08193, Spain
| | - Till Rüngeler
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona E-08193, Spain
| | - Vibhu Jha
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Tiziano Tuccinardi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Maria Sadiq
- Institute of Cancer Therapeutics, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bradford, Yorkshire BD7 1DP, U.K.,Cancer Research Unit, Department of Biology, University of York, Heslington, Yorkshire YO10 5DD, U.K
| | - Fiona Frame
- Cancer Research Unit, Department of Biology, University of York, Heslington, Yorkshire YO10 5DD, U.K
| | - Norman J Maitland
- Cancer Research Unit, Department of Biology, University of York, Heslington, Yorkshire YO10 5DD, U.K
| | - Jaume Farrés
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona E-08193, Spain
| | - Klaus Pors
- Institute of Cancer Therapeutics, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bradford, Yorkshire BD7 1DP, U.K
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Design, Synthesis, Biological Evaluation and In Silico Study of Benzyloxybenzaldehyde Derivatives as Selective ALDH1A3 Inhibitors. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26195770. [PMID: 34641313 PMCID: PMC8510124 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26195770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Aldehyde dehydrogenase 1A3 (ALDH1A3) has recently gained attention from researchers in the cancer field. Several studies have reported ALDH1A3 overexpression in different cancer types, which has been found to correlate with poor treatment recovery. Therefore, finding selective inhibitors against ALDH1A3 could result in new treatment options for cancer treatment. In this study, ALDH1A3-selective candidates were designed based on the physiological substrate resemblance, synthesized and investigated for ALDH1A1, ALDH1A3 and ALDH3A1 selectivity and cytotoxicity using ALDH-positive A549 and ALDH-negative H1299 cells. Two compounds (ABMM-15 and ABMM-16), with a benzyloxybenzaldehyde scaffold, were found to be the most potent and selective inhibitors for ALDH1A3, with IC50 values of 0.23 and 1.29 µM, respectively. The results also show no significant cytotoxicity for ABMM-15 and ABMM-16 on either cell line. However, a few other candidates (ABMM-6, ABMM-24, ABMM-32) showed considerable cytotoxicity on H1299 cells, when compared to A549 cells, with IC50 values of 14.0, 13.7 and 13.0 µM, respectively. The computational study supported the experimental results and suggested a good binding for ABMM-15 and ABMM-16 to the ALDH1A3 isoform. From the obtained results, it can be concluded that benzyloxybenzaldehyde might be considered a promising scaffold for further drug discovery aimed at exploiting ALDH1A3 for therapeutic intervention.
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Kumari M, Krishnamurthy PT, Sola P. Targeted Drug Therapy to Overcome Chemoresistance in Triple-negative Breast Cancer. Curr Cancer Drug Targets 2021; 20:559-572. [PMID: 32370716 DOI: 10.2174/1568009620666200506110850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Triple-negative Breast Cancer (TNBC) is the most aggressive and prevailing breast cancer subtype. The chemotherapeutics used in the treatment of TNBC suffer from chemoresistance, dose-limiting toxicities and off-target side effects. As a result, conventional chemotherapeutics are unable to prevent tumor growth, metastasis and result in failure of therapy. Various new targets such as BCSCs surface markers (CD44, CD133, ALDH1), signaling pathways (IL-6/JAK/STAT3, notch), pro and anti-apoptotic proteins (Bcl-2, Bcl-xL, DR4, DR5), hypoxic factors (HIF-1α, HIF-2α) and drug efflux transporters (ABCC1, ABCG2 and ABCB1) have been exploited to treat TNBC. Further, to improve the efficacy and safety of conventional chemotherapeutics, researchers have tried to deliver anticancer agents specifically to the TNBCs using nanocarrier based drug delivery. In this review, an effort has been made to highlight the various factors responsible for the chemoresistance in TNBC, novel molecular targets of TNBC and nano-delivery systems employed to achieve sitespecific drug delivery to improve efficacy and reduce off-target side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mamta Kumari
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, (A Constituent College of JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research), Ooty, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Praveen Thaggikuppe Krishnamurthy
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, (A Constituent College of JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research), Ooty, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Piyong Sola
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, (A Constituent College of JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research), Ooty, Tamilnadu, India
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7
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Widjaja-Adhi MAK, Golczak M. The molecular aspects of absorption and metabolism of carotenoids and retinoids in vertebrates. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2020; 1865:158571. [PMID: 31770587 PMCID: PMC7244374 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2019.158571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Revised: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Vitamin A is an essential nutrient necessary for numerous basic physiological functions, including reproduction and development, immune cell differentiation and communication, as well as the perception of light. To evade the dire consequences of vitamin A deficiency, vertebrates have evolved specialized metabolic pathways that enable the absorption, transport, and storage of vitamin A acquired from dietary sources as preformed retinoids or provitamin A carotenoids. This evolutionary advantage requires a complex interplay between numerous specialized retinoid-transport proteins, receptors, and enzymes. Recent advances in molecular and structural biology resulted in a rapid expansion of our understanding of these processes at the molecular level. This progress opened new avenues for the therapeutic manipulation of retinoid homeostasis. In this review, we summarize current research related to the biochemistry of carotenoid and retinoid-processing proteins with special emphasis on the structural aspects of their physiological actions. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Carotenoids recent advances in cell and molecular biology edited by Johannes von Lintig and Loredana Quadro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Made Airanthi K Widjaja-Adhi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States of America
| | - Marcin Golczak
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States of America; Cleveland Center for Membrane and Structural Biology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States of America.
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8
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Asad M, Wajid S, Katare DP, Mani RJ, Jain SK. Differential Expression of TOM34, AL1A1, PADI2 and KLRBA in NNK Induced Lung Cancer in Wistar Rats and their Implications. Curr Cancer Drug Targets 2020; 19:919-929. [PMID: 31544692 DOI: 10.2174/1871525717666190717162646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2019] [Revised: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lung cancer is the most common cancer with a high mortality rate. The diagnosis only at advanced stages and lack of effective treatment are the main factors responsible for high mortality. Tobacco smoke is the major responsible factor for inflammation and tumor development in lungs. OBJECTIVE The present study was carried out to identify differentially expressed proteins and elucidate their role in carcinogenesis. METHODS The lung cancer was developed in Wistar rats by using NNK as carcinogen and cancer development was confirmed by histopathological examination. The 2D SDS PAGE was used to analyse total proteins and find out differentially expressed proteins in NNK treated lung tissue vis-a-vis control tissue. The findings of proteomic analysis were further validated by quantification of corresponding transcripts using Real Time PCR. Finally, Cytoscape was used to find out protein-protein interaction. RESULTS The histopathological examinations showed neoplasia at 9th month after NNK treatment. The proteomic analysis revealed several differentially expressed proteins, four of which were selected for further studies. (TOM34, AL1A1, PADI2 and KLRBA) that were up regulated in NNK treated lung tissue. The real time analysis showed over expression of the genes coding for the selected proteins. Thus, the proteomic and transcriptomic data corroborate each other. Further, these proteins showed interaction with the members of NF-κB family and STAT3. CONCLUSION We conclude that these proteins play a substantial role in the induction of lung cancer through NF-κB and STAT3 pathway. Therefore, these may have the potential to be used as therapeutic targets and for early detection of lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Asad
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi-110062, India
| | - Saima Wajid
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi-110062, India
| | - Deepshikha Pande Katare
- Proteomics & Translational Research Lab, Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Uttar Pradesh, Noida- 201313, India
| | - Ruchi Jakhmola Mani
- Proteomics & Translational Research Lab, Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Uttar Pradesh, Noida- 201313, India
| | - Swatantra Kumar Jain
- Department of Biochemistry, Hamdard Institute of Medical Sciences & Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi-110062, India
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9
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Wang W, Zheng S, He H, Ge H, Saeed BR. N,N-diethylaminobenzaldehyde targets aldehyde dehydrogenase to eradicate human pancreatic cancer cells. Exp Ther Med 2020; 20:662-670. [PMID: 32550888 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2020.8691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is a common cause of worldwide cancer-related mortality with a poor 5-year survival rate. Aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) activity is a possible marker for malignant stem cells in solid organ systems, including the pancreas, and N,N-diethylaminobenzaldehyde (DEAB) is able to inhibit ALDH activity. In the present study, the role of DEAB in the treatment of pancreatic cancer cells and the potential underlying mechanisms were investigated. The ALDH activities of pancreatic cancer cell lines treated with or without DEAB were analyzed by an ALDEFLUOR™ assay. The Cell Counting Kit-8 and colony formation assays, and cell cycle analysis were used to evaluate the viability, colony-forming ability and cell quiescence of cell lines under DEAB treatment, respectively. DEAB and/or gemcitabine-induced cell apoptosis was assessed by flow cytometry. DEAB reduced ALDH activity and inhibited the proliferation, colony-forming ability and cell quiescence of pancreatic cancer cell lines. Compared with respective controls, DEAB alone and the combination of gemcitabine and DEAB significantly decreased cell viability and increased cell apoptosis. Moreover, reverse transcription-PCR and western blotting were used to measure the expressions of B cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl2) associated X protein (Bax) and Bcl2 mRNA and protein. The anti-cancer effect of DEAB was associated with upregulation of Bax expression. Therefore, targeting ALDH with DEAB may be a potential therapeutic choice for pancreatic cancer, demonstrating a synergic effect with gemcitabine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenwen Wang
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Wuxi No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214000, P.R. China
| | - Shiya Zheng
- Department of Oncology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P.R. China
| | - Haiju He
- Department of Medicine V, University of Heidelberg, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hao Ge
- Department of Oncology, Liyang People's Hospital, Liyang, Jiangsu 213300, P.R. China
| | - Borhan R Saeed
- Department of Medicine V, University of Heidelberg, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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10
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Jiménez R, Pequerul R, Amor A, Lorenzo J, Metwally K, Avilés FX, Parés X, Farrés J. Inhibitors of aldehyde dehydrogenases of the 1A subfamily as putative anticancer agents: Kinetic characterization and effect on human cancer cells. Chem Biol Interact 2019; 306:123-130. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2019.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Revised: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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11
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Petrelli B, Bendelac L, Hicks GG, Fainsod A. Insights into retinoic acid deficiency and the induction of craniofacial malformations and microcephaly in fetal alcohol spectrum disorder. Genesis 2019; 57:e23278. [DOI: 10.1002/dvg.23278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Revised: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Berardino Petrelli
- Regenerative Medicine Program and the Department of Biochemistry & Medical Genetics, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health SciencesUniversity of Manitoba Winnipeg Manitoba Canada
| | - Liat Bendelac
- Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, Institute for Medical Research Israel‐CanadaFaculty of Medicine, Hebrew University Jerusalem Israel
| | - Geoffrey G. Hicks
- Regenerative Medicine Program and the Department of Biochemistry & Medical Genetics, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health SciencesUniversity of Manitoba Winnipeg Manitoba Canada
| | - Abraham Fainsod
- Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, Institute for Medical Research Israel‐CanadaFaculty of Medicine, Hebrew University Jerusalem Israel
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12
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Wu M, Zhao G, Zhuang X, Zhang T, Zhang C, Zhang W, Zhang Z. Triclosan treatment decreased the antitumor effect of sorafenib on hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Onco Targets Ther 2018; 11:2945-2954. [PMID: 29849464 PMCID: PMC5965385 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s165436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Triclosan is a widely applied antimicrobial agent which affects the endocrine system and homeostasis; it may also promote the cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) growth in a mice model. The exact roles of triclosan in regulating human hepatocellular carcinoma development and treatment remain unknown. Methods MHCC97-H, a highly aggressive HCC cell line, was treated with indicated concentration of triclosan or sorafenib. The expression of drug-resistance genes was examined by qPCR. The clearance or metabolism of sorafenib was determined by liquid chromatograph-mass spectrometer/mass spectrometer (LC-MS/MS). MTT assay was used to examine the MHCC97-H cell proliferation. Nude mice were used to exam the anti-tumor effect of sorafenib on subcutaneous and intrahepatic growth of MHCC97-H cells. Results In the present study, triclosan could induce the expression of drug-resistance genes in MHCC97-H cells (a highly aggressive HCC cell line), accelerate the clearance of sorafenib, and attenuate the anti-proliferation effect of this molecular targeted agent in MHCC97-H cells. Triclosan decreased the antitumor effect of sorafenib on subcutaneous and intrahepatic growth of MHCC97-H in nude mice. Conclusion By discovering the fact that triclosan treatment enhances sorafenib resistance in HCC cells, this work suggests exposure of triclosan is detrimental to HCC patients during chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China.,Department of Pharmacy, The 309th Hospital of PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Guanren Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, The 309th Hospital of PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaomei Zhuang
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China
| | - Tianhong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China
| | - Ce Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, The 309th Hospital of PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Wenpeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenqing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China
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