1
|
Akasaka Y, Hasei S, Ohata Y, Kanna M, Nakatsu Y, Sakoda H, Fujishiro M, Kushiyama A, Ono H, Matsubara A, Hinata N, Asano T, Yamamotoya T. Auraptene Enhances AMP-Activated Protein Kinase Phosphorylation and Thereby Inhibits the Proliferation, Migration and Expression of Androgen Receptors and Prostate-Specific Antigens in Prostate Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16011. [PMID: 37958994 PMCID: PMC10650886 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242116011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Citrus hassaku extract reportedly activates AMPK. Because this extract contains an abundance of auraptene, we investigated whether pure auraptene activates AMPK and inhibits proliferation using prostate cancer cell lines. Indeed, auraptene inhibited the proliferation and migration of LNCaP cells and induced phosphorylation of AMPK or its downstream ACC in LNCaP, PC3, and HEK-293 cells, but not in DU145 cells not expressing LKB1. In addition, the mTOR-S6K pathway, located downstream from activated AMPK, was also markedly suppressed by auraptene treatment. Importantly, it was shown that auraptene reduced androgen receptor (AR) and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) expressions at both the protein and the mRNA level. This auraptene-induced downregulation of PSA was partially but significantly reversed by treatment with AMPK siRNA or the AMPK inhibitor compound C, suggesting AMPK activation to, at least partially, be causative. Finally, in DU145 cells lacking the LKB1 gene, exogenously induced LKB1 expression restored AMPK phosphorylation by auraptene, indicating the essential role of LKB1. In summary, auraptene is a potent AMPK activator that acts by elevating the AMP/ATP ratio, thereby potentially suppressing prostate cancer progression, via at least three molecular mechanisms, including suppression of the mTOR-S6K pathway, reduced lipid synthesis, and AR downregulation caused by AMPK activation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yasuyuki Akasaka
- Department of Biomedical Chemistry, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - Shun Hasei
- Department of Biomedical Chemistry, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - Yukino Ohata
- Department of Biomedical Chemistry, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - Machi Kanna
- Department of Biomedical Chemistry, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - Yusuke Nakatsu
- Department of Biomedical Chemistry, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Sakoda
- Department of Bioregulatory Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan
| | - Midori Fujishiro
- Division of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan
| | - Akifumi Kushiyama
- Department of Pharmacotherapy, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, Kiyose 204-8588, Japan
| | - Hiraku Ono
- Department of Clinical Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Akio Matsubara
- Department of Urology, JA Hiroshima General Hospital, Hatsukaichi 738-8503, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Hinata
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - Tomoichiro Asano
- Department of Biomedical Chemistry, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - Takeshi Yamamotoya
- Department of Biomedical Chemistry, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wang NF, Jue TR, Holst J, Gunter JH. Systematic review of antitumour efficacy and mechanism of metformin activity in prostate cancer models. BJUI COMPASS 2023; 4:44-58. [PMID: 36569495 PMCID: PMC9766874 DOI: 10.1002/bco2.187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Metformin, the first line pharmacotherapy for type 2 diabetes has demonstrated favourable effects in prostate cancer (PCa) across a range of studies evaluating PCa patient outcomes amongst metformin users. However, a lack of rigorously conducted prospective studies has stalled clinical use in this setting. Despite multiple studies evaluating the mechanisms underpinning antitumour effects of metformin in PCa, to date, no reviews have compared these findings. This systematic review and meta-analysis consolidates the mechanisms accounting for the antitumour effect of metformin in PCa and evaluates the antitumour efficacy of metformin in preclinical PCa studies. Data were obtained through Medline and EMBASE, extracted by two independent assessors. Risk of bias was assessed using the TOXR tool. Meta-analysis compared in vivo reductions of PCa tumour volume with metformin. In total, 447 articles were identified with 80 duplicates, and 261 articles excluded based on eligibility criteria. The remaining 106 articles were assessed and 71 excluded, with 35 articles included for systematic review, and eight included for meta-analysis. The mechanisms of action of metformin regarding tumour growth, viability, migration, invasion, cell metabolism, and activation of signalling cascades are individually discussed. The mechanisms by which metformin inhibits PCa cell growth are multimodal. Metformin regulates expression of multiple proteins/genes to inhibit cellular proliferation, cell cycle progression, and cellular invasion and migration. Published in vivo studies also conclusively demonstrate that metformin inhibits PCa growth. This highlights the potential of metformin to be repurposed as an anticancer agent, warranting further investigation of metformin in the setting of PCa.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nan Fang Wang
- School of Medical SciencesUNSW SydneySydneyNSWAustralia
- Prince of Wales Clinical SchoolUNSW SydneySydneyNSWAustralia
| | - Toni Rose Jue
- Prince of Wales Clinical SchoolUNSW SydneySydneyNSWAustralia
| | - Jeff Holst
- School of Medical SciencesUNSW SydneySydneyNSWAustralia
- Prince of Wales Clinical SchoolUNSW SydneySydneyNSWAustralia
| | - Jennifer H. Gunter
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre‐Queensland, Centre for Genomic and Personalised Health, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Translational Research InstituteQueensland University of Technology (QUT)BrisbaneQLDAustralia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Abstract
In 2011, CAMKK2, the gene encoding calcium/calmodulin-dependent kinase kinase 2 (CAMKK2), was demonstrated to be a direct target of the androgen receptor and a driver of prostate cancer progression. Results from multiple independent studies have confirmed these findings and demonstrated the potential role of CAMKK2 as a clinical biomarker and therapeutic target in advanced prostate cancer using a variety of preclinical models. Drug development efforts targeting CAMKK2 have begun accordingly. CAMKK2 regulation can vary across disease stages, which might have important implications in the use of CAMKK2 as a biomarker. Moreover, new non-cell-autonomous roles for CAMKK2 that could affect tumorigenesis, metastasis and possible comorbidities linked to disease and treatment have emerged and could present novel treatment opportunities for prostate cancer.
Collapse
|
4
|
Lemos C, Schulze VK, Baumgart SJ, Nevedomskaya E, Heinrich T, Lefranc J, Bader B, Christ CD, Briem H, Kuhnke LP, Holton SJ, Bömer U, Lienau P, von Nussbaum F, Nising CF, Bauser M, Hägebarth A, Mumberg D, Haendler B. The potent AMPK inhibitor BAY-3827 shows strong efficacy in androgen-dependent prostate cancer models. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2021; 44:581-594. [PMID: 33492659 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-020-00584-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE 5' adenosine monophosphate-activated kinase (AMPK) is an essential regulator of cellular energy homeostasis and has been associated with different pathologies, including cancer. Precisely defining the biological role of AMPK necessitates the availability of a potent and selective inhibitor. METHODS High-throughput screening and chemical optimization were performed to identify a novel AMPK inhibitor. Cell proliferation and mechanistic assays, as well as gene expression analysis and chromatin immunoprecipitation were used to investigate the cellular impact as well as the crosstalk between lipid metabolism and androgen signaling in prostate cancer models. Also, fatty acid turnover was determined by examining lipid droplet formation. RESULTS We identified BAY-3827 as a novel and potent AMPK inhibitor with additional activity against ribosomal 6 kinase (RSK) family members. It displays strong anti-proliferative effects in androgen-dependent prostate cancer cell lines. Analysis of genes involved in AMPK signaling revealed that the expression of those encoding 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-coenzyme A reductase (HMGCR), fatty acid synthase (FASN) and 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-biphosphatase 2 (PFKFB2), all of which are involved in lipid metabolism, was strongly upregulated by androgen in responsive models. Chromatin immunoprecipitation DNA-sequencing (ChIP-seq) analysis identified several androgen receptor (AR) binding peaks in the HMGCR and PFKFB2 genes. BAY-3827 strongly down-regulated the expression of lipase E (LIPE), cAMP-dependent protein kinase type II-beta regulatory subunit (PRKAR2B) and serine-threonine kinase AKT3 in responsive prostate cancer cell lines. Also, the expression of members of the carnitine palmitoyl-transferase 1 (CPT1) family was inhibited by BAY-3827, and this was paralleled by impaired lipid flux. CONCLUSIONS The availability of the potent inhibitor BAY-3827 will contribute to a better understanding of the role of AMPK signaling in cancer, especially in prostate cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Clara Lemos
- Bayer AG, Research and Development, Pharmaceuticals, Berlin, Germany
| | - Volker K Schulze
- Bayer AG, Research and Development, Pharmaceuticals, Berlin, Germany
| | - Simon J Baumgart
- Bayer AG, Research and Development, Pharmaceuticals, Berlin, Germany.,Bayer US LLC, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Tobias Heinrich
- Bayer AG, Research and Development, Pharmaceuticals, Berlin, Germany
| | - Julien Lefranc
- Bayer AG, Research and Development, Pharmaceuticals, Berlin, Germany.,Nuvisan Innovation Campus Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Benjamin Bader
- Bayer AG, Research and Development, Pharmaceuticals, Berlin, Germany.,Nuvisan Innovation Campus Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Clara D Christ
- Bayer AG, Research and Development, Pharmaceuticals, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hans Briem
- Bayer AG, Research and Development, Pharmaceuticals, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lara P Kuhnke
- Bayer AG, Research and Development, Pharmaceuticals, Berlin, Germany
| | - Simon J Holton
- Bayer AG, Research and Development, Pharmaceuticals, Berlin, Germany.,Nuvisan Innovation Campus Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ulf Bömer
- Bayer AG, Research and Development, Pharmaceuticals, Berlin, Germany.,Nuvisan Innovation Campus Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Philip Lienau
- Bayer AG, Research and Development, Pharmaceuticals, Berlin, Germany
| | - Franz von Nussbaum
- Bayer AG, Research and Development, Pharmaceuticals, Berlin, Germany.,Nuvisan Innovation Campus Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Carl F Nising
- Bayer AG, Research and Development, Pharmaceuticals, Berlin, Germany
| | - Marcus Bauser
- Bayer AG, Research and Development, Pharmaceuticals, Berlin, Germany.,Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Beerse, Belgium
| | - Andrea Hägebarth
- Bayer AG, Research and Development, Pharmaceuticals, Berlin, Germany
| | - Dominik Mumberg
- Bayer AG, Research and Development, Pharmaceuticals, Berlin, Germany
| | - Bernard Haendler
- Bayer AG, Research and Development, Pharmaceuticals, Berlin, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Consiglio CR, Udartseva O, Ramsey KD, Bush C, Gollnick SO. Enzalutamide, an Androgen Receptor Antagonist, Enhances Myeloid Cell-Mediated Immune Suppression and Tumor Progression. Cancer Immunol Res 2020; 8:1215-1227. [PMID: 32661092 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-19-0371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Revised: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Androgen receptor (AR) antagonism increases overall survival in prostate cancer; however, treatment failure leads to tumor progression and patient mortality. The effect of AR modulation on AR+ nontumor cells that participate in the resistance to AR antagonism is poorly understood. Tumor-infiltrating myeloid cells, including macrophages and myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC), express AR and promote prostate cancer progression. We investigated how AR antagonism affects myeloid cell function and metabolism in an AR-independent murine colon tumor model. Systemic blockade of AR with enzalutamide resulted in increased MC-38 tumor growth in vivo even when AR was knocked out of MC-38 tumor cells. MC-38 tumor growth was also increased when immunocompetent, but not immunodeficient, mice were coinjected with tumor cells and MDSCs treated with enzalutamide or lacking AR, suggesting that AR regulated the ability of MDSCs to suppress adaptive immunity. Myeloid AR-knockout male mice also displayed increased growth of TRAMP C2 prostate tumors when compared with wild type. Inhibition of AR signaling suppressed mitochondrial respiration in myeloid cells via MPC/AMPK signaling pathways; suppression of mitochondrial respiration increased MDSC tumor-promoting functions. Our work showed that AR regulates a tumor-promoting myeloid cell phenotype and influences myeloid cell metabolism. These findings suggest that tumor resistance to AR antagonism is due, in part, to changes in myeloid cell function and metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Camila R Consiglio
- Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York
| | - Olga Udartseva
- Department of Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York
| | - Kimberly D Ramsey
- Department of Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York
| | - Chioma Bush
- Department of Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York
| | - Sandra O Gollnick
- Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York. .,Department of Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Penfold L, Woods A, Muckett P, Nikitin AY, Kent TR, Zhang S, Graham R, Pollard A, Carling D. CAMKK2 Promotes Prostate Cancer Independently of AMPK via Increased Lipogenesis. Cancer Res 2018; 78:6747-6761. [PMID: 30242113 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-18-0585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Revised: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
: New targets are required for treating prostate cancer, particularly castrate-resistant disease. Previous studies reported that calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase 2 (CAMKK2) expression is increased in human prostate cancer. Here, we show that Camkk2 deletion or pharmacologic inhibition protects against prostate cancer development in a preclinical mouse model that lacks expression of prostate-specific Pten. In contrast, deletion of AMP-activated protein kinase (Ampk) β1 resulted in earlier onset of adenocarcinoma development. These findings suggest for the first time that Camkk2 and Ampk have opposing effects in prostate cancer progression. Loss of CAMKK2 in vivo or in human prostate cancer cells reduced the expression of two key lipogenic enzymes, acetyl-CoA carboxylase and fatty acid synthase. This reduction was mediated via a posttranscriptional mechanism, potentially involving a decrease in protein translation. Moreover, either deletion of CAMKK2 or activation of AMPK reduced cell growth in human prostate cancer cells by inhibiting de novo lipogenesis. Activation of AMPK in a panel of human prostate cancer cells inhibited cell proliferation, migration, and invasion as well as androgen-receptor signaling. These findings demonstrate that CAMKK2 and AMPK have opposing effects on lipogenesis, providing a potential mechanism for their contrasting effects on prostate cancer progression in vivo. They also suggest that inhibition of CAMKK2 combined with activation of AMPK would offer an efficacious therapeutic strategy in treatment of prostate cancer. SIGNIFICANCE: These findings show that CAMKK2 and its downstream target AMPK have opposing effects on prostate cancer development and raise the possibility of a new combined therapeutic approach that inhibits CAMKK2 and activates AMPK.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lucy Penfold
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Angela Woods
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Phillip Muckett
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alexander Yu Nikitin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Cornell Stem Cell Program, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York
| | - Tera R Kent
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Cornell Stem Cell Program, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York
| | - Shuai Zhang
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rebecca Graham
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alice Pollard
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - David Carling
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, United Kingdom. .,Institute of Clinical Sciences, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
White MA, Tsouko E, Lin C, Rajapakshe K, Spencer JM, Wilkenfeld SR, Vakili SS, Pulliam TL, Awad D, Nikolos F, Katreddy RR, Kaipparettu BA, Sreekumar A, Zhang X, Cheung E, Coarfa C, Frigo DE. GLUT12 promotes prostate cancer cell growth and is regulated by androgens and CaMKK2 signaling. Endocr Relat Cancer 2018; 25:453-469. [PMID: 29431615 PMCID: PMC5831527 DOI: 10.1530/erc-17-0051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Despite altered metabolism being an accepted hallmark of cancer, it is still not completely understood which signaling pathways regulate these processes. Given the central role of androgen receptor (AR) signaling in prostate cancer, we hypothesized that AR could promote prostate cancer cell growth in part through increasing glucose uptake via the expression of distinct glucose transporters. Here, we determined that AR directly increased the expression of SLC2A12, the gene that encodes the glucose transporter GLUT12. In support of these findings, gene signatures of AR activity correlated with SLC2A12 expression in multiple clinical cohorts. Functionally, GLUT12 was required for maximal androgen-mediated glucose uptake and cell growth in LNCaP and VCaP cells. Knockdown of GLUT12 also decreased the growth of C4-2, 22Rv1 and AR-negative PC-3 cells. This latter observation corresponded with a significant reduction in glucose uptake, indicating that additional signaling mechanisms could augment GLUT12 function in an AR-independent manner. Interestingly, GLUT12 trafficking to the plasma membrane was modulated by calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase 2 (CaMKK2)-5'-AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling, a pathway we previously demonstrated to be a downstream effector of AR. Inhibition of CaMKK2-AMPK signaling decreased GLUT12 translocation to the plasma membrane by inhibiting the phosphorylation of TBC1D4, a known regulator of glucose transport. Further, AR increased TBC1D4 expression. Correspondingly, expression of TBC1D4 correlated with AR activity in prostate cancer patient samples. Taken together, these data demonstrate that prostate cancer cells can increase the functional levels of GLUT12 through multiple mechanisms to promote glucose uptake and subsequent cell growth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mark A. White
- Center for Nuclear Receptors and Cell Signaling, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Efrosini Tsouko
- Center for Nuclear Receptors and Cell Signaling, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Chenchu Lin
- Center for Nuclear Receptors and Cell Signaling, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Kimal Rajapakshe
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Jeffrey M. Spencer
- Center for Nuclear Receptors and Cell Signaling, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Sandi R. Wilkenfeld
- Center for Nuclear Receptors and Cell Signaling, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Sheiva S. Vakili
- Center for Nuclear Receptors and Cell Signaling, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Thomas L. Pulliam
- Center for Nuclear Receptors and Cell Signaling, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Dominik Awad
- Center for Nuclear Receptors and Cell Signaling, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Fotis Nikolos
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | | | - Benny Abraham Kaipparettu
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Arun Sreekumar
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Xiaoliu Zhang
- Center for Nuclear Receptors and Cell Signaling, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Edwin Cheung
- Biology and Pharmacology, Genome Institute of Singapore, A*STAR, Singapore
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China
| | - Cristian Coarfa
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Daniel E. Frigo
- Center for Nuclear Receptors and Cell Signaling, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
- Molecular Medicine Program, The Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Bort A, Quesada S, Ramos-Torres Á, Gargantilla M, Priego EM, Raynal S, Lepifre F, Gasalla JM, Rodriguez-Henche N, Castro A, Díaz-Laviada I. Identification of a novel 2-oxindole fluorinated derivative as in vivo antitumor agent for prostate cancer acting via AMPK activation. Sci Rep 2018; 8:4370. [PMID: 29531259 PMCID: PMC5847527 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-22690-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The key metabolic sensor adenosine monophosphate-dependent kinase (AMPK) has emerged as a promising therapeutic target for cancer prevention and treatment. Besides its role in energy homeostasis, AMPK blocks cell cycle, regulates autophagy and suppresses the anabolic processes required for rapid cell growth. AMPK is especially relevant in prostate cancer in which activation of lipogenic pathways correlate with tumor progression and aggressiveness. This study reports the discovery of a new series of 2-oxindole derivatives whose AMPK modulatory ability, as well as the antitumoral profile in prostate cancer cells, was evaluated. One of the assayed compounds, compound 8c, notably activated AMPK in cultured PC-3, DU145 and LNCaP prostate cancer cells. Likewise, compound 8c caused PC-3, DU145 and LNCaP cells viability inhibition. Selective knocking down of α1 or α2 isoforms as well as in vitro assays using human recombinant α1β1γ1 or α2β1γ1 AMPK isoforms revealed that compound 8c exhibit preference for AMPKα1. Consistent with efficacy at the cellular level, compound 8c was potent in suppressing the growth of PC-3 xenograft tumors. In conclusion, our results show that a new 2-oxindole fluorinated derivative exerts potent in vivo antitumor actions against prostate cancer cells, indicating a promising clinical therapeutic strategy for the treatment of androgen-independent prostate cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alicia Bort
- Department of Systems Biology, School of Medicine, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, E-28871, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sergio Quesada
- Instituto de Química Médica (IQM-CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, E-28006, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ágata Ramos-Torres
- Department of Systems Biology, School of Medicine, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, E-28871, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Gargantilla
- Instituto de Química Médica (IQM-CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, E-28006, Madrid, Spain
| | - Eva María Priego
- Instituto de Química Médica (IQM-CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, E-28006, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sophie Raynal
- Metabrain Research, 4 Ave. du Pdt. François Mitterrand, 91380, Chilly Mazarin, France
| | - Franck Lepifre
- Metabrain Research, 4 Ave. du Pdt. François Mitterrand, 91380, Chilly Mazarin, France
| | - Jose M Gasalla
- Department of Systems Biology, School of Medicine, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, E-28871, Madrid, Spain
- Clinical Biochemistry Service, Principe de Asturias Hospital, Alcalá de Henares, E-28871, Madrid, Spain
| | - Nieves Rodriguez-Henche
- Department of Systems Biology, School of Medicine, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, E-28871, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Castro
- Instituto de Química Médica (IQM-CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, E-28006, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Inés Díaz-Laviada
- Department of Systems Biology, School of Medicine, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, E-28871, Madrid, Spain.
- Chemical Research Institute "Andrés M. del Río" (IQAR), University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, 28871, Madrid, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Udhane SS, Legeza B, Marti N, Hertig D, Diserens G, Nuoffer JM, Vermathen P, Flück CE. Combined transcriptome and metabolome analyses of metformin effects reveal novel links between metabolic networks in steroidogenic systems. Sci Rep 2017; 7:8652. [PMID: 28819133 PMCID: PMC5561186 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-09189-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Metformin is an antidiabetic drug, which inhibits mitochondrial respiratory-chain-complex I and thereby seems to affect the cellular metabolism in many ways. It is also used for the treatment of the polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), the most common endocrine disorder in women. In addition, metformin possesses antineoplastic properties. Although metformin promotes insulin-sensitivity and ameliorates reproductive abnormalities in PCOS, its exact mechanisms of action remain elusive. Therefore, we studied the transcriptome and the metabolome of metformin in human adrenal H295R cells. Microarray analysis revealed changes in 693 genes after metformin treatment. Using high resolution magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (HR-MAS-NMR), we determined 38 intracellular metabolites. With bioinformatic tools we created an integrated pathway analysis to understand different intracellular processes targeted by metformin. Combined metabolomics and transcriptomics data analysis showed that metformin affects a broad range of cellular processes centered on the mitochondrium. Data confirmed several known effects of metformin on glucose and androgen metabolism, which had been identified in clinical and basic studies previously. But more importantly, novel links between the energy metabolism, sex steroid biosynthesis, the cell cycle and the immune system were identified. These omics studies shed light on a complex interplay between metabolic pathways in steroidogenic systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sameer S Udhane
- Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology of the Department of Pediatrics and the Department of Clinical Research, University of Bern, 3010, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Balazs Legeza
- Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology of the Department of Pediatrics and the Department of Clinical Research, University of Bern, 3010, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Nesa Marti
- Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology of the Department of Pediatrics and the Department of Clinical Research, University of Bern, 3010, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Damian Hertig
- Departments of Clinical Research and Radiology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,University Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Gaëlle Diserens
- Departments of Clinical Research and Radiology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Jean-Marc Nuoffer
- University Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Peter Vermathen
- Departments of Clinical Research and Radiology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Christa E Flück
- Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology of the Department of Pediatrics and the Department of Clinical Research, University of Bern, 3010, Bern, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Tonry C, Armstrong J, Pennington S. Probing the prostate tumour microenvironment II: Impact of hypoxia on a cell model of prostate cancer progression. Oncotarget 2017; 8:15307-15337. [PMID: 28410543 PMCID: PMC5362488 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.14574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Approximately one in six men are diagnosed with Prostate Cancer every year in the Western world. Although it can be well managed and non-life threatening in the early stages, over time many patients cease to respond to treatment and develop castrate resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). CRPC represents a clinically challenging and lethal form of prostate cancer. Progression of CRPC is, in part, driven by the ability of cancer cells to alter their metabolic profile during the course of tumourgenesis and metastasis so that they can survive in oxygen and nutrient-poor environments and even withstand treatment. This work was carried out as a continuation of a study aimed towards gaining greater mechanistic understanding of how conditions within the tumour microenvironment impact on both androgen sensitive (LNCaP) and androgen independent (LNCaP-abl and LNCaP-abl-Hof) prostate cancer cell lines. Here we have applied technically robust and reproducible label-free liquid chromatography mass spectrometry analysis for comprehensive proteomic profiling of prostate cancer cell lines under hypoxic conditions. This led to the identification of over 4,000 proteins - one of the largest protein datasets for prostate cancer cell lines established to date. The biological and clinical significance of proteins showing a significant change in expression as result of hypoxic conditions was established. Novel, intuitive workflows were subsequently implemented to enable robust, reproducible and high throughput verification of selected proteins of interest. Overall, these data suggest that this strategy supports identification of protein biomarkers of prostate cancer progression and potential therapeutic targets for CRPC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claire Tonry
- Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - Stephen Pennington
- Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Khan AS, Frigo DE. A spatiotemporal hypothesis for the regulation, role, and targeting of AMPK in prostate cancer. Nat Rev Urol 2017; 14:164-180. [PMID: 28169991 PMCID: PMC5672799 DOI: 10.1038/nrurol.2016.272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a master regulator of cellular homeostasis. Despite AMPK's known function in physiology, its role in pathological processes such as prostate cancer is enigmatic. However, emerging evidence is now beginning to decode the paradoxical role of AMPK in cancer and, therefore, inform clinicians if - and how - AMPK could be therapeutically targeted. Spatiotemporal regulation of AMPK complexes could be one of the mechanisms that governs this kinase's role in cancer. We hypothesize that different upstream stimuli will activate select subcellular AMPK complexes. This hypothesis is supported by the distinct subcellular locations of the various AMPK subunits. Each of these unique AMPK complexes regulates discrete downstream processes that can be tumour suppressive or oncogenic. AMPK's final biological output is then determined by the weighted net function of these downstream signalling events, influenced by additional prostate-specific signalling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ayesha S. Khan
- Center for Nuclear Receptors and Cell Signaling, Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX USA
| | - Daniel E. Frigo
- Center for Nuclear Receptors and Cell Signaling, Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX USA
- Genomic Medicine Program, The Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Shah S, Carriveau WJ, Li J, Campbell SL, Kopinski PK, Lim HW, Daurio N, Trefely S, Won KJ, Wallace DC, Koumenis C, Mancuso A, Wellen KE. Targeting ACLY sensitizes castration-resistant prostate cancer cells to AR antagonism by impinging on an ACLY-AMPK-AR feedback mechanism. Oncotarget 2016; 7:43713-43730. [PMID: 27248322 PMCID: PMC5190055 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Accepted: 05/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The androgen receptor (AR) plays a central role in prostate tumor growth. Inappropriate reactivation of the AR after androgen deprivation therapy promotes development of incurable castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). In this study, we provide evidence that metabolic features of prostate cancer cells can be exploited to sensitize CRPC cells to AR antagonism. We identify a feedback loop between ATP-citrate lyase (ACLY)-dependent fatty acid synthesis, AMPK, and the AR in prostate cancer cells that could contribute to therapeutic resistance by maintaining AR levels. When combined with an AR antagonist, ACLY inhibition in CRPC cells promotes energetic stress and AMPK activation, resulting in further suppression of AR levels and target gene expression, inhibition of proliferation, and apoptosis. Supplying exogenous fatty acids can restore energetic homeostasis; however, this rescue does not occur through increased β-oxidation to support mitochondrial ATP production. Instead, concurrent inhibition of ACLY and AR may drive excess ATP consumption as cells attempt to cope with endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, which is prevented by fatty acid supplementation. Thus, fatty acid metabolism plays a key role in coordinating ER and energetic homeostasis in CRPC cells, thereby sustaining AR action and promoting proliferation. Consistent with a role for fatty acid metabolism in sustaining AR levels in prostate cancer in vivo, AR mRNA levels in human prostate tumors correlate positively with expression of ACLY and other fatty acid synthesis genes. The ACLY-AMPK-AR network can be exploited to sensitize CRPC cells to AR antagonism, suggesting novel therapeutic opportunities for prostate cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Supriya Shah
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Whitney J Carriveau
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jinyang Li
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Sydney L Campbell
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Piotr K Kopinski
- Center for Mitochondrial and Epigenomic Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Hee-Woong Lim
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Natalie Daurio
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Sophie Trefely
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Kyoung-Jae Won
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Douglas C Wallace
- Center for Mitochondrial and Epigenomic Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Constantinos Koumenis
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Anthony Mancuso
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Kathryn E Wellen
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Chappell WH, Abrams SL, Lertpiriyapong K, Fitzgerald TL, Martelli AM, Cocco L, Rakus D, Gizak A, Terrian D, Steelman LS, McCubrey JA. Novel roles of androgen receptor, epidermal growth factor receptor, TP53, regulatory RNAs, NF-kappa-B, chromosomal translocations, neutrophil associated gelatinase, and matrix metalloproteinase-9 in prostate cancer and prostate cancer stem cells. Adv Biol Regul 2015; 60:64-87. [PMID: 26525204 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbior.2015.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Accepted: 10/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Approximately one in six men will be diagnosed with some form of prostate cancer in their lifetime. Over 250,000 men worldwide die annually due to complications from prostate cancer. While advancements in prostate cancer screening and therapies have helped in lowering this statistic, better tests and more effective therapies are still needed. This review will summarize the novel roles of the androgen receptor (AR), epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), the EGFRvIII variant, TP53, long-non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), microRNAs (miRs), NF-kappa-B, chromosomal translocations, neutrophil associated gelatinase, (NGAL), matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), the tumor microenvironment and cancer stem cells (CSC) have on the diagnosis, development and treatment of prostate cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- William H Chappell
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, USA
| | - Stephen L Abrams
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, USA
| | - Kvin Lertpiriyapong
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - Timothy L Fitzgerald
- Department of Surgery, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - Alberto M Martelli
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Lucio Cocco
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Dariusz Rakus
- Department of Animal Molecular Physiology, Institute of Experimental Biology, Wroclaw University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Gizak
- Department of Animal Molecular Physiology, Institute of Experimental Biology, Wroclaw University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - David Terrian
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - Linda S Steelman
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, USA
| | - James A McCubrey
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Shu Q, Cai T, Chen X, Zhu HH, Xue P, Zhu N, Xie Z, Wei S, Zhang Q, Niu L, Gao WQ, Yang F. Proteomic Comparison and MRM-Based Comparative Analysis of Metabolites Reveal Metabolic Shift in Human Prostate Cancer Cell Lines. J Proteome Res 2015; 14:3390-402. [PMID: 26147661 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.5b00464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
One of the major challenges in prostate cancer therapy remains the development of effective treatments for castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), as the underlying mechanisms for its progression remain elusive. Previous studies showed that androgen receptor (AR) is crucially involved in regulation of metabolism in prostate cancer (PCa) cells throughout the transition from early stage, androgen-sensitive PCa to androgen-independent CRPC. AR achieves such metabolic rewiring directively either via its transcriptional activity or via interactions with AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). However, due to the heterogeneous expression and activity status of AR in PCa cells, it remains a challenge to investigate the links between AR status and metabolic alterations. To this end, we compared the proteomes of three pairs of androgen-sensitive (AS) and androgen-independent (AI) PCa cell lines, namely, PC3-AR(+)/PC3, 22Rv1/Du145, and LNCaP/C42B, using an iTRAQ labeling approach. Our results revealed that most of the differentially expressed proteins between each pair function in metabolism, indicating a metabolic shift between AS and AI cells, as further validated by multiple reaction monitoring (MRM)-based quantification of nucleotides and relative comparison of fatty acids between these cell lines. Furthermore, increased adenylate kinase isoenzyme 1 (AK1) in AS relative to AI cells may result in activation of AMPK, representing a major regulatory factor involved in the observed metabolic shift in PCa cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qingbo Shu
- ‡University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | | | | | - Helen He Zhu
- §State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji-Med X Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | | | | | | | | | - Qing Zhang
- ‡University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | | | - Wei-Qiang Gao
- §State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji-Med X Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Zadra G, Batista JL, Loda M. Dissecting the Dual Role of AMPK in Cancer: From Experimental to Human Studies. Mol Cancer Res 2015; 13:1059-72. [PMID: 25956158 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-15-0068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2015] [Accepted: 04/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The precise role of 5'AMP-activated kinase (AMPK) in cancer and its potential as a therapeutic target is controversial. Although it is well established that activation of this energy sensor inhibits the main anabolic processes that sustain cancer cell proliferation and growth, AMPK activation can confer on cancer cells the plasticity to survive under metabolic stress such as hypoxia and glucose deprivation, which are commonly observed in fast growing tumors. Thus, AMPK is referred to as both a "conditional" tumor suppressor and "contextual" oncogene. To add a further layer of complexity, AMPK activation in human cancer tissues and its correlation with tumor aggressiveness and progression appears to vary in different contexts. The current review discusses the different faces of this metabolic regulator, the therapeutic implications of its modulation, and provides an overview of the most relevant data available on AMPK activation and AMPK-activating drugs in human studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giorgia Zadra
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts. Department of Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Julie L Batista
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts. Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital/Harvard Medical School Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Massimo Loda
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts. Department of Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts. The Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts. Division of Cancer Studies, King's College London, United Kingdom.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Popovics P, Frigo DE, Schally AV, Rick FG. Targeting the 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase and related metabolic pathways for the treatment of prostate cancer. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2015; 19:617-32. [PMID: 25600663 DOI: 10.1517/14728222.2015.1005603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Increasing evidence suggests that prostate cancer cells undergo unique metabolic reprogramming during transformation. A master regulator of cellular homeostasis, 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), directs metabolic adaptation that supports the growth demands of rapidly dividing cancer cells. The utilization of AMPK as a therapeutic target may therefore provide an effective strategy in the treatment of prostate cancer. AREAS COVERED Our review describes the regulation of AMPK by androgens and upstream kinases including the calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase 2 (CaMKK2) in prostate cancer. Oncogenic, AMPK-regulated pathways that direct various metabolic processes are also addressed. Furthermore, we discuss the role of AMPK in growth arrest and autophagy as a potential survival pathway for cancer cells. In addition, by regulating non-metabolic pathways, AMPK may stimulate migration and mitosis. Finally, this review summarizes efforts to treat prostate cancer with pharmacological agents capable of modulating AMPK signaling. EXPERT OPINION Current research is primarily focused on developing drugs that activate AMPK as a treatment for prostate cancer. However, oncogenic aspects of AMPK signaling calls for caution about employing such therapies. We think that inhibitors of CaMKK2 or AMPK, or perhaps the modulation of downstream targets of AMPK, will gain importance in the clinical management of prostate cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Petra Popovics
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center and South Florida Veterans Affairs Foundation for Research and Education , Research (151) 2A127, 1201 NW 16th St, Miami, FL 33125 , USA +1 305 5753477 ; +1 305 5753126 ;
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|