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Wang Z, Xie M, Jia Z, Tao Z, Zhao P, Ying M. FOXF1 inhibits invasion and metastasis of lung adenocarcinoma cells and enhances anti-tumor immunity via MFAP4/FAK signal axis. Sci Rep 2024; 14:21451. [PMID: 39271782 PMCID: PMC11399389 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-72578-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 09/09/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Based on the joint analysis of multi-omic data and the biological experiments, we demonstrate that FOXF1 inhibits invasion and metastasis of lung adenocarcinoma cells and enhances anti-tumor immunity via regulating MFAP4/FAK signal axis in this study. The levels of FOXF1 and MFAP4 are significantly down-regulated in LUAD, and the increased levels of two genes can improve the clinical prognosis of LUAD patients. Fluorescein reporter gene determination, chromatin immunoprecipitation and gene co-expression analysis indicate that MFAP4 level is positively regulated by transcription factor FOXF1. The function enrichment analysis shows that the levels of FOXF1 and MFAP4 are closely associated with an enrichment of tumor metastasis signatures. FOXF1 can inhibit the migration and invasion of LAUD cells by transcriptionally activating MFAP4 expression. And the overexpression of FOXF1/MFAP4 can reduce focal adhesion kinase (FAK) phosphorylation, while their knockdown result in the opposite effects. The increased levels of FOXF1/MFAP4 enhance the antitumor immunity by increasing the infiltration of dendritic cells and CD4+ T cells, and the interactions between LUAD cells and immune cells, and activating multiple anti-tumor immunity-related pathways. In conclusion, our study reveals the potential function of FOXF1/MFAP4/FAK signal axis in inhibiting metastasis of LUAD cells and modulating anti-tumor immunity of LUAD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyu Wang
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - MengXia Xie
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Zhongyue Jia
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Ziwei Tao
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Ping Zhao
- The First Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang, 310000, China
| | - Muying Ying
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China.
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2
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Marabitti V, Vulpis E, Nazio F, Campello S. Mitochondrial Transfer as a Strategy for Enhancing Cancer Cell Fitness:Current Insights and Future Directions. Pharmacol Res 2024; 208:107382. [PMID: 39218420 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2024.107382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2024] [Revised: 08/08/2024] [Accepted: 08/26/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
It is now recognized that tumors are not merely masses of transformed cells but are intricately interconnected with healthy cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME), forming complex and heterogeneous structures. Recent studies discovered that cancer cells can steal mitochondria from healthy cells to empower themselves, while reducing the functions of their target organ. Mitochondrial transfer, i.e. the intercellular movement of mitochondria, is recently emerging as a novel process in cancer biology, contributing to tumor growth, metastasis, and resistance to therapy by shaping the metabolic landscape of the tumor microenvironment. This review highlights the influence of transferred mitochondria on cancer bioenergetics, redox balance and apoptotic resistance, which collectively foster aggressive cancer phenotype. Furthermore, the therapeutic implications of mitochondrial transfer are discussed, emphasizing the potential of targeting these pathways to overcome drug resistance and improve treatment efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Marabitti
- Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome 00133, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Vulpis
- Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome 00133, Italy
| | - Francesca Nazio
- Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome 00133, Italy
| | - Silvia Campello
- Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome 00133, Italy.
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3
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Kaviani M, Soleimanian S, Keshtkar S, Azarpira N, Asvar Z, Pakbaz S. Molecular Prospective on Malignant Transformation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells: An Issue in Cell Therapy. Cell Reprogram 2024; 26:96-106. [PMID: 38917438 DOI: 10.1089/cell.2024.0026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cell (MSCs) therapy, as a rapidly developing area of medicine, holds great promise for the treatment of a variety of medical conditions. MSCs are multipotent stem cells that can be isolated from various tissues and could self-renew and differentiate. They secrete cytokines and trophic factors that create a regenerative microenvironment and have immunomodulatory properties. Although clinical trials have been conducted with MSCs in various diseases, concerns regarding the possibility of malignant transformation of these cells have been raised. The studies showed a higher rate of hematological malignancy and carcinogenesis in experimental models after MSC transplantation. The mechanisms underlying malignant transformation of MSCs are complex and not fully understood, but they are believed to involve the presence of special signaling molecules and alterations in cell behavior regulation pathways. Possible pathways that lead to MSCs' oncogenic transformation occur through two mechanisms: spontaneous and stimulated malignant transformation, including cell fusion, fusion proteins, and the tumor microenvironment. MSC-based therapies have the potential to revolutionize medicine, and addressing the issue of malignancy is crucial to ensure their safety and efficacy. Therefore, the purpose of the present review is to summarize the potential mechanisms of the malignant transformation of MSCs. [Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Kaviani
- Transplant Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Saeede Soleimanian
- Transplant Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Allergy Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Somayeh Keshtkar
- Transplant Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Molecular Dermatology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Negar Azarpira
- Transplant Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Zahra Asvar
- Nanotechnology School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Sara Pakbaz
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathobiology, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
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4
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Dolatshahi M, Bahrami AR, Sheikh QI, Ghanbari M, Matin MM. Gastric cancer and mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes: from pro-tumorigenic effects to anti-cancer vehicles. Arch Pharm Res 2024; 47:1-19. [PMID: 38151649 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-023-01477-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most prevalent malignancies in the world, with a high mortality rate in both women and men. Conventional treatments, like chemotherapy, radiotherapy and surgery, are facing some drawbacks like acquired drug resistance and various side effects, leading to cancer recurrence and increased morbidity; thus, development of novel approaches in targeted therapy would be very beneficial. Exosomes, extracellular vesicles with a size distribution of sub-150 nm, interplay in physiological and pathophysiological cell-cell communications and can pave the way for targeted cancer therapy. Accumulating pieces of evidence have indicated that exosomes derived from mesenchymal stem cells (MSC-EXs) can act as a double-edged sword in some cancers. The purpose of this review is to assess the differences between stem cell therapy and exosome therapy. Moreover, our aim is to demonstrate how naïve MSCs transform into GC-MSCs in the tumor microenvironment. Additionally, the tumorigenic and anti-proliferation effects of MSC-EXs derived from different origins were investigated. Finally, we suggest potential modifications and combination options that involve utilizing MSC-EXs from the foreskin and umbilical cord as promising sources to enhance the efficacy of gastric cancer treatment. This approach is presented in contrast to bone marrow cells, which are more heterogeneous, age-related, and are also easily affected by the patient's circulation system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Dolatshahi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ahmad Reza Bahrami
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
- Industrial Biotechnology Research Group, Institute of Biotechnology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Qaiser Iftikhar Sheikh
- School of Biosciences, Western Bank, Firth Court, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TN, England, UK
| | - Mohsen Ghanbari
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maryam M Matin
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.
- Novel Diagnostics and Therapeutics Research Group, Institute of Biotechnology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.
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5
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Sieler M, Dittmar T. Cell Fusion and Syncytia Formation in Cancer. Results Probl Cell Differ 2024; 71:433-465. [PMID: 37996689 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-37936-9_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
The natural phenomenon of cell-cell fusion does not only take place in physiological processes, such as placentation, myogenesis, or osteoclastogenesis, but also in pathophysiological processes, such as cancer. More than a century ago postulated, today the hypothesis that the fusion of cancer cells with normal cells leads to the formation of cancer hybrid cells with altered properties is in scientific consensus. Some studies that have investigated the mechanisms and conditions for the fusion of cancer cells with other cells, as well as studies that have characterized the resulting cancer hybrid cells, are presented in this review. Hypoxia and the cytokine TNFα, for example, have been found to promote cell fusion. In addition, it has been found that both the protein Syncytin-1, which normally plays a role in placentation, and phosphatidylserine signaling on the cell membrane are involved in the fusion of cancer cells with other cells. In human cancer, cancer hybrid cells were detected not only in the primary tumor, but also in the circulation of patients as so-called circulating hybrid cells, where they often correlated with a worse outcome. Although some data are available, the questions of how and especially why cancer cells fuse with other cells are still not fully answered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mareike Sieler
- Institute of Immunology, Center for Biomedical Education and Research (ZBAF), University of Witten/Herdecke, Witten, Germany.
| | - Thomas Dittmar
- Institute of Immunology, Center for Biomedical Education and Research (ZBAF), University of Witten/Herdecke, Witten, Germany
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6
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Dastafkan Z, Rezvani N, Amini S. Diagnostic value of FOXF1 gene promoter-methylated DNA in the plasma samples of patients with colorectal cancer. Int J Biol Markers 2023; 38:194-202. [PMID: 37847578 DOI: 10.1177/03936155231207109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epigenetic modifications such as DNA methylation in the CpG islands of genes occur at a high rate. In this study, we measured the methylation level of the promoter region of the FOXF1 gene as a new blood biomarker for the detection of colorectal cancer in the early stages. METHODS The methylation level of the promoter region of the FOXF1 gene was measured in the plasma samples of 50 colorectal cancer patients and 50 normal individuals. DNA was extracted after exposure to sodium bisulfite by the MethyLight polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method. The percentage of promoter region was measured in all samples, and statistical analysis was done using SPSS v24 software. RESULTS The average promoter region between the plasma samples of colorectal cancer patients and healthy individuals had a significant difference (P < 0.001). The average promoter region of the FOXF1 gene in tumor plasma samples was 7.1 and in the control samples was 0.48. The sensitivity and specificity of the sample plasma levels were 78% and 89.5%, respectively. CONCLUSION The promoter region value of the FOXF1 gene in plasma samples using the MethyLight PCR method had high sensitivity and specificity as a non-invasive method for colorectal cancer diagnosis. This research is the first report that has been presented regarding the investigation of FOXF1 gene methylation in plasma samples in colorectal cancer. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct more studies with larger size samples to evaluate the efficiency of the gene under investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Dastafkan
- Medical Genetics Laboratory, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Nayebali Rezvani
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Sabrieh Amini
- Department of Biology, Sanandaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Sanandaj, Iran
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7
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Park H. Unraveling the Molecular Puzzle: Exploring Gene Networks across Diverse EMT Status of Cell Lines. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12784. [PMID: 37628965 PMCID: PMC10454379 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241612784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding complex disease mechanisms requires a comprehensive understanding of the gene regulatory networks, as complex diseases are often characterized by the dysregulation and dysfunction of molecular networks, rather than abnormalities in single genes. Specifically, the exploration of cell line-specific gene networks can provide essential clues for precision medicine, as this methodology can uncover molecular interplays specific to particular cell line statuses, such as drug sensitivity, cancer progression, etc. In this article, we provide a comprehensive review of computational strategies for cell line-specific gene network analysis: (1) cell line-specific gene regulatory network estimation and analysis of gene networks under varying epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) statuses of cell lines; and (2) an explainable artificial intelligence approach for interpreting the estimated massive multiple EMT-status-specific gene networks. The objective of this review is to help readers grasp the concept of computational network biology, which holds significant implications for precision medicine by offering crucial clues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heewon Park
- School of Mathematics, Statistics and Data Science, Sungshin Women's University, Seoul 02844, Republic of Korea
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8
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Sadaf, Hazazi A, Alkhalil SS, Alsaiari AA, Gharib AF, Alhuthali HM, Rana S, Aloliqi AA, Eisa AA, Hasan MR, Dev K. Role of Fork-Head Box Genes in Breast Cancer: From Drug Resistance to Therapeutic Targets. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2159. [PMID: 37626655 PMCID: PMC10452497 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11082159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer has been acknowledged as one of the most notorious cancers, responsible for millions of deaths around the globe. Understanding the various factors, genetic mutations, comprehensive pathways, etc., that are involved in the development of breast cancer and how these affect the development of the disease is very important for improving and revitalizing the treatment of this global health issue. The forkhead-box gene family, comprising 19 subfamilies, is known to have a significant impact on the growth and progression of this cancer. The article looks into the various forkhead genes and how they play a role in different types of cancer. It also covers their impact on cancer drug resistance, interaction with microRNAs, explores their potential as targets for drug therapies, and their association with stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadaf
- Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India;
| | - Ali Hazazi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Security Forces Hospital Program, Riyadh 11481, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Samia S. Alkhalil
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Shaqra University, Alquwayiyah 11961, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Ahad Amer Alsaiari
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.A.); (A.F.G.); (H.M.A.)
| | - Amal F. Gharib
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.A.); (A.F.G.); (H.M.A.)
| | - Hayaa M. Alhuthali
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.A.); (A.F.G.); (H.M.A.)
| | - Shanika Rana
- School of Biosciences, Apeejay Stya University, Gurugram 122003, India;
| | - Abdulaziz A. Aloliqi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah 52571, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Alaa Abdulaziz Eisa
- Department of Medical Laboratories Technology, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taibah University, Medina 30002, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mohammad Raghibul Hasan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Shaqra University, Alquwayiyah 11961, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Kapil Dev
- Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India;
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9
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Li M, Basile JR, Mallya S, Lin YL. The impact and outcomes of cancer-macrophage fusion. BMC Cancer 2023; 23:497. [PMID: 37264310 PMCID: PMC10236829 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-023-10961-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer's hallmark feature is its ability to evolve, leading to metastasis and recurrence. Although genetic mutations and epigenetic changes have been implicated, they don't fully explain the leukocytic traits that many cancers develop. Cell fusion between cancer and somatic cells, particularly macrophages, has been suggested as an alternative pathway for cancer cells to obtain new traits by acquiring exogenous genetic material. METHODS This study aims to investigate the potential biological outcomes of tumor-myeloid cell fusion by generating tumor-macrophage hybrid cells. Two clones with markedly different tumorigenicity were selected, and RNA-seq was used to compare their RNA expressions with that of the control cells. Based on the results that the hybrid cells showed differential activation in several upstream regulator pathways that impact their biological behaviors, the hybrid cells' abilities to recruit stromal cells and establish angiogenesis as well as their cell cycle distributions were investigated through in vitro and in vivo studies. RESULTS Although both hybrid clones demonstrated p53 activation and reduced growth rates, they exhibited distinct cell cycle distributions and ability to grow in vivo. Notably, while one clone was highly tumorigenic, the other showed little tumorigenicity. Despite these differences, both hybrid clones were potent environmental modifiers, exhibiting significant abilities to recruit stromal and immune cells and establish angiogenesis. CONCLUSIONS The study revealed that tumor-somatic cell fusion is a potent environmental modifier that can modulate tumor survival and evolution, despite its relatively low occurrence. These findings suggest that tumor-somatic cell fusion could be a promising target for developing new cancer therapies. Furthermore, this study provides an experimental animal platform to investigate cancer-myeloid fusion and highlights the potential role of tumor-somatic cell fusion in modulating the tumor environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengtao Li
- Division of Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of California, CHS 23-068B. 10833 Le Conte Ave, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - John R Basile
- Department of Oncology and Diagnostic Sciences, University of Maryland Dental School, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Oncology and Diagnostic Sciences, University of Maryland Dental School, 650 W. Baltimore St, Baltimore, MD, 7261, 21201, USA
| | - Sanjay Mallya
- Division of Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of California, CHS 23-068B. 10833 Le Conte Ave, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Yi-Ling Lin
- Division of Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of California, CHS 23-068B. 10833 Le Conte Ave, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
- Gene regulation program, Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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10
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Warrier NM, Kelkar N, Johnson CT, Govindarajan T, Prabhu V, Kumar P. Understanding cancer stem cells and plasticity: Towards better therapeutics. Eur J Cell Biol 2023; 102:151321. [PMID: 37137199 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2023.151321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The ability of cancer cells to finally overcome various lines of treatment in due course has always baffled the scientific community. Even with the most promising therapies, relapse is ultimately seen, and this resilience has proved to be a major hurdle in the management of cancer. Accumulating evidence now attributes this resilience to plasticity. Plasticity is the ability of cells to change their properties and is substantial as it helps in normal tissue regeneration or post-injury repair processes. It also helps in the overall maintenance of homeostasis. Unfortunately, this critical ability of cells, when activated incorrectly, can lead to numerous diseases, including cancer. Therefore, in this review, we focus on the plasticity aspect with an emphasis on cancer stem cells (CSCs). We discuss the various forms of plasticity that provide survival advantages to CSCs. Moreover, we explore various factors that affect plasticity. Furthermore, we provide the therapeutic implications of plasticity. Finally, we provide an insight into the future targeted therapies involving plasticity for better clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neerada Meenakshi Warrier
- Department of Biotechnology, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Nachiket Kelkar
- Department of Biotechnology, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Carol Tresa Johnson
- Department of Biotechnology, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India
| | | | - Vijendra Prabhu
- Department of Biotechnology, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India.
| | - Praveen Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India.
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11
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Wieder R. Fibroblasts as Turned Agents in Cancer Progression. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:2014. [PMID: 37046676 PMCID: PMC10093070 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15072014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Differentiated epithelial cells reside in the homeostatic microenvironment of the native organ stroma. The stroma supports their normal function, their G0 differentiated state, and their expansion/contraction through the various stages of the life cycle and physiologic functions of the host. When malignant transformation begins, the microenvironment tries to suppress and eliminate the transformed cells, while cancer cells, in turn, try to resist these suppressive efforts. The tumor microenvironment encompasses a large variety of cell types recruited by the tumor to perform different functions, among which fibroblasts are the most abundant. The dynamics of the mutual relationship change as the sides undertake an epic battle for control of the other. In the process, the cancer "wounds" the microenvironment through a variety of mechanisms and attracts distant mesenchymal stem cells to change their function from one attempting to suppress the cancer, to one that supports its growth, survival, and metastasis. Analogous reciprocal interactions occur as well between disseminated cancer cells and the metastatic microenvironment, where the microenvironment attempts to eliminate cancer cells or suppress their proliferation. However, the altered microenvironmental cells acquire novel characteristics that support malignant progression. Investigations have attempted to use these traits as targets of novel therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Wieder
- Rutgers New Jersey Medical School and the Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
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12
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Otálora-Otálora BA, López-Kleine L, Rojas A. Lung Cancer Gene Regulatory Network of Transcription Factors Related to the Hallmarks of Cancer. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:434-464. [PMID: 36661515 PMCID: PMC9857713 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45010029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The transcriptomic analysis of microarray and RNA-Seq datasets followed our own bioinformatic pipeline to identify a transcriptional regulatory network of lung cancer. Twenty-six transcription factors are dysregulated and co-expressed in most of the lung cancer and pulmonary arterial hypertension datasets, which makes them the most frequently dysregulated transcription factors. Co-expression, gene regulatory, coregulatory, and transcriptional regulatory networks, along with fibration symmetries, were constructed to identify common connection patterns, alignments, main regulators, and target genes in order to analyze transcription factor complex formation, as well as its synchronized co-expression patterns in every type of lung cancer. The regulatory function of the most frequently dysregulated transcription factors over lung cancer deregulated genes was validated with ChEA3 enrichment analysis. A Kaplan-Meier plotter analysis linked the dysregulation of the top transcription factors with lung cancer patients' survival. Our results indicate that lung cancer has unique and common deregulated genes and transcription factors with pulmonary arterial hypertension, co-expressed and regulated in a coordinated and cooperative manner by the transcriptional regulatory network that might be associated with critical biological processes and signaling pathways related to the acquisition of the hallmarks of cancer, making them potentially relevant tumor biomarkers for lung cancer early diagnosis and targets for the development of personalized therapies against lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Andrea Otálora-Otálora
- Grupo de Investigación INPAC, Unidad de Investigación, Fundación Universitaria Sanitas, Bogotá 110131, Colombia
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá 11001, Colombia
| | - Liliana López-Kleine
- Departamento de Estadística, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá 11001, Colombia
- Correspondence: (L.L.-K.); (A.R.)
| | - Adriana Rojas
- Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Genética Humana, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá 110211, Colombia
- Correspondence: (L.L.-K.); (A.R.)
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13
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Dittmar T, Hass R. Extracellular Events Involved in Cancer Cell-Cell Fusion. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232416071. [PMID: 36555709 PMCID: PMC9784959 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232416071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Fusion among different cell populations represents a rare process that is mediated by both intrinsic and extracellular events. Cellular hybrid formation is relayed by orchestrating tightly regulated signaling pathways that can involve both normal and neoplastic cells. Certain important cell merger processes are often required during distinct organismal and tissue development, including placenta and skeletal muscle. In a neoplastic environment, however, cancer cell fusion can generate new cancer hybrid cells. Following survival during a subsequent post-hybrid selection process (PHSP), the new cancer hybrid cells express different tumorigenic properties. These can include elevated proliferative capacity, increased metastatic potential, resistance to certain therapeutic compounds, and formation of cancer stem-like cells, all of which characterize significantly enhanced tumor plasticity. However, many parts within this multi-step cascade are still poorly understood. Aside from intrinsic factors, cell fusion is particularly affected by extracellular conditions, including an inflammatory microenvironment, viruses, pH and ionic stress, hypoxia, and exosome signaling. Accordingly, the present review article will primarily highlight the influence of extracellular events that contribute to cell fusion in normal and tumorigenic tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Dittmar
- Institute of Immunology, Center for Biomedical Education and Research (ZBAF), Witten/Herdecke University, Stockumer Str. 10, 58448 Witten, Germany
- Correspondence: (T.D.); (R.H.); Tel.: +49-2302-926165 (T.D.); +49-5115-326070 (R.H.)
| | - Ralf Hass
- Biochemistry and Tumor Biology Laboratory, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
- Correspondence: (T.D.); (R.H.); Tel.: +49-2302-926165 (T.D.); +49-5115-326070 (R.H.)
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14
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Identifying General Tumor and Specific Lung Cancer Biomarkers by Transcriptomic Analysis. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11071082. [PMID: 36101460 PMCID: PMC9313083 DOI: 10.3390/biology11071082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The bioinformatic pipeline previously developed in our research laboratory is used to identify potential general and specific deregulated tumor genes and transcription factors related to the establishment and progression of tumoral diseases, now comparing lung cancer with other two types of cancer. Twenty microarray datasets were selected and analyzed separately to identify hub differentiated expressed genes and compared to identify all the deregulated genes and transcription factors in common between the three types of cancer and those unique to lung cancer. The winning DEGs analysis allowed to identify an important number of TFs deregulated in the majority of microarray datasets, which can become key biomarkers of general tumors and specific to lung cancer. A coexpression network was constructed for every dataset with all deregulated genes associated with lung cancer, according to DAVID’s tool enrichment analysis, and transcription factors capable of regulating them, according to oPOSSUM´s tool. Several genes and transcription factors are coexpressed in the networks, suggesting that they could be related to the establishment or progression of the tumoral pathology in any tissue and specifically in the lung. The comparison of the coexpression networks of lung cancer and other types of cancer allowed the identification of common connectivity patterns with deregulated genes and transcription factors correlated to important tumoral processes and signaling pathways that have not been studied yet to experimentally validate their role in lung cancer. The Kaplan–Meier estimator determined the association of thirteen deregulated top winning transcription factors with the survival of lung cancer patients. The coregulatory analysis identified two top winning transcription factors networks related to the regulatory control of gene expression in lung and breast cancer. Our transcriptomic analysis suggests that cancer has an important coregulatory network of transcription factors related to the acquisition of the hallmarks of cancer. Moreover, lung cancer has a group of genes and transcription factors unique to pulmonary tissue that are coexpressed during tumorigenesis and must be studied experimentally to fully understand their role in the pathogenesis within its very complex transcriptomic scenario. Therefore, the downstream bioinformatic analysis developed was able to identify a coregulatory metafirm of cancer in general and specific to lung cancer taking into account the great heterogeneity of the tumoral process at cellular and population levels.
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15
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Tretyakova MS, Subbalakshmi AR, Menyailo ME, Jolly MK, Denisov EV. Tumor Hybrid Cells: Nature and Biological Significance. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:814714. [PMID: 35242760 PMCID: PMC8886020 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.814714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastasis is the leading cause of cancer death and can be realized through the phenomenon of tumor cell fusion. The fusion of tumor cells with other tumor or normal cells leads to the appearance of tumor hybrid cells (THCs) exhibiting novel properties such as increased proliferation and migration, drug resistance, decreased apoptosis rate, and avoiding immune surveillance. Experimental studies showed the association of THCs with a high frequency of cancer metastasis; however, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Many other questions also remain to be answered: the role of genetic alterations in tumor cell fusion, the molecular landscape of cells after fusion, the lifetime and fate of different THCs, and the specific markers of THCs, and their correlation with various cancers and clinicopathological parameters. In this review, we discuss the factors and potential mechanisms involved in the occurrence of THCs, the types of THCs, and their role in cancer drug resistance and metastasis, as well as potential therapeutic approaches for the prevention, and targeting of tumor cell fusion. In conclusion, we emphasize the current knowledge gaps in the biology of THCs that should be addressed to develop highly effective therapeutics and strategies for metastasis suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria S Tretyakova
- Laboratory of Cancer Progression Biology, Cancer Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Ayalur R Subbalakshmi
- Cancer Systems Biology Laboratory, Centre for BioSystems Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India
| | - Maxim E Menyailo
- Laboratory of Cancer Progression Biology, Cancer Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Mohit Kumar Jolly
- Cancer Systems Biology Laboratory, Centre for BioSystems Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India
| | - Evgeny V Denisov
- Laboratory of Cancer Progression Biology, Cancer Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia
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16
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Xu Y, Lin G, Liu Y, Lin X, Lin H, Guo Z, Xu Y, Lin Q, Chen S, Yang J, Zeng Y. An integrated analysis of the competing endogenous RNA network associated of prognosis of stage I lung adenocarcinoma. BMC Cancer 2022; 22:188. [PMID: 35183135 PMCID: PMC8857797 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-022-09290-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Accumulating evidence indicates that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are involving in the tumorigenesis and metastasis of lung cancer. The aim of the study is to systematically characterize the lncRNA-associated competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network and identify key lncRNAs in the development of stage I lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD).
Methods
Totally, 1,955 DEmRNAs, 165 DEmiRNAs and 1,107 DElncRNAs were obtained in 10 paired normal and LUAD tissues. And a total of 8,912 paired lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA network was constructed. Using the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) dataset, the module of ME turquoise was revealed to be most relevant to the progression of LUAD though Weighted Gene Co-expression Network Analysis (WGCNA).
Results
Of the lncRNAs identified, LINC00639, RP4-676L2.1 and FENDRR were in ceRNA network established by our RNA-sequencing dataset. Using univariate Cox regression analysis, FENDRR was a risk factor of progression free survival (PFS) of stage I LUAD patients (HRs = 1.69, 95%CI 1.07–2.68, P < .050). Subsequently, diffe rential expression of FENDRR in paired normal and LUAD tissues was detected significant by real-time quantitative (qRT-PCR) (P < 0.001).
Conclusions
This study, for the first time, deciphered the regulatory role of FENDRR/miR-6815-5p axis in the progression of early-stage LUAD, which is needed to be established in vitro and in vivo.
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17
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Melzer C, von der Ohe J, Luo T, Hass R. Spontaneous Fusion of MSC with Breast Cancer Cells Can Generate Tumor Dormancy. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22115930. [PMID: 34072967 PMCID: PMC8198754 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Direct cellular interactions of MDA-MB-231cherry breast cancer cells with GFP-transduced human mesenchymal stroma/stem-like cells (MSCGFP) in a co-culture model resulted in spontaneous cell fusion by the generation of MDA-MSC-hyb5cherry GFP breast cancer hybrid cells. The proliferative capacity of MDA-MSC-hyb5 cells was enhanced about 1.8-fold when compared to the parental MDA-MB-231cherry breast cancer cells. In contrast to a spontaneous MDA-MB-231cherry induced tumor development in vivo within 18.8 days, the MDA-MSC-hyb5 cells initially remained quiescent in a dormancy-like state. At distinct time points after injection, NODscid mice started to develop MDA-MSC-hyb5 cell-induced tumors up to about a half year later. Following tumor initiation, however, tumor growth and formation of metastases in various different organs occurred rapidly within about 10.5 days. Changes in gene expression levels were evaluated by RNA-microarray analysis and revealed certain increase in dormancy-associated transcripts in MDA-MSC-hyb5. Chemotherapeutic responsiveness of MDA-MSC-hyb5 cells was partially enhanced when compared to MDA-MB-231 cells. However, some resistance, e.g., for taxol was detectable in cancer hybrid cells. Moreover, drug response partially changed during the tumor development of MDA-MSC-hyb5 cells; this suggests the presence of unstable in vivo phenotypes of MDA-hyb5 cells with increased tumor heterogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ralf Hass
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-511-532-6070
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18
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Wang HF, Xiang W, Xue BZ, Wang YH, Yi DY, Jiang XB, Zhao HY, Fu P. Cell fusion in cancer hallmarks: Current research status and future indications. Oncol Lett 2021; 22:530. [PMID: 34055095 PMCID: PMC8138896 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2021.12791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell fusion is involved in several physiological processes, such as reproduction, development and immunity. Although cell fusion in tumors was reported 130 years ago, it has recently attracted great interest, with recent progress in tumorigenesis research. However, the role of cell fusion in tumor progression remains unclear. The pattern of cell fusion and its role under physiological conditions are the basis for our understanding of the pathological role of cell fusion. However, the role of cell fusion in tumors and its functions are complicated. Cell fusion can directly increase tumor heterogeneity by forming polyploids or aneuploidies. Several studies have reported that cell fusion is associated with tumorigenesis, metastasis, recurrence, drug resistance and the formation of cancer stem cells. Given the diverse roles cell fusion plays in different tumor phenotypes, methods based on targeted cell fusion have been designed to treat tumors. Research on cell fusion in tumors may provide novel ideas for further treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Fei Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
| | - Wei Xiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
| | - Bing-Zhou Xue
- Department of Neurosurgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
| | - Yi-Hao Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
| | - Dong-Ye Yi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Bing Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
| | - Hong-Yang Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
| | - Peng Fu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
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19
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Hrudka J, Prouzová Z, Mydlíková K, Jedličková K, Holešta M, Whitley A, Havlůj L. FOXF1 as an Immunohistochemical Marker of Hilar Cholangiocarcinoma or Metastatic Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma. Single Institution Experience. Pathol Oncol Res 2021; 27:1609756. [PMID: 34257615 PMCID: PMC8262193 DOI: 10.3389/pore.2021.1609756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a liver malignancy associated with a poor prognosis. Its main subtypes are peripheral/intrahepatic and hilar/extrahepatic CCA. Several molecular, morphological and clinical similarities between hilar/extrahepatic CCA and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) have been described. FOXF1 is a transcription factor which has been described to have prognostic significance in various tumors and it is involved in the development of bile ducts. The aim of this study is to determine occurrence of nuclear expression of FOXF1 in both subtypes of CCA and metastatic PDAC and assess its potential usefulness as a diagnostic marker. Secondary aims were to investigate the use of C-reactive protein (CRP) immunohistochemistry for diagnosing intrahepatic peripheral CCA and the significance of histological features in CCA subtypes. 32 archive specimens of CCA, combined hepatocellular carcinoma-CCA (HCC-CCA) and liver metastasis of PDAC were stained by FOXF1 and CRP immunohistochemistry and evaluated to determine histological pattern. The CCAs were classified radiologically into peripheral/intrahepatic and hilar subtype. Using Fisher exact test, we identified nuclear FOXF1 as a fairly specific (87%) but insensitive (65%) marker of hilar and extrahepatic CCA and metastatic PDAC (p = 0.005). CRP immunohistochemistry was characterized by a high sensitivity and specificity, of 79% and 88%, respectively (p = 0.001). We did not identify any histomorphological features associated with either types of CCA or metastatic PDAC. As a conclusion of novel finding, FOXF1 immunohistochemistry may be regarded as a specific but insensitive marker of hilar/extrahepatic CCA and metastatic PDAC and it may help distinguish them from peripheral CCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Hrudka
- Department of Pathology, 3rd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, University Hospital Královské Vinohrady, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Prouzová
- Department of Pathology, 3rd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, University Hospital Královské Vinohrady, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Katarína Mydlíková
- Department of Pathology, 3rd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, University Hospital Královské Vinohrady, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Kristína Jedličková
- Clinical and Transplant Pathology Centre, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Holešta
- Department of Radiodiagnostics, Charles University, 3rd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Královské Vinohrady University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Adam Whitley
- Department of General Surgery, Charles University, 3rd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, University Hospital Královské Vinohrady, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Lukáš Havlůj
- Department of General Surgery, Charles University, 3rd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, University Hospital Královské Vinohrady, Prague, Czech Republic
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20
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Merle C, Lagarde P, Lartigue L, Chibon F. Acquisition of cancer stem cell capacities after spontaneous cell fusion. BMC Cancer 2021; 21:241. [PMID: 33678155 PMCID: PMC7938600 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-021-07979-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cancer stem/Initiating cell (CS/IC) hypothesis argues that CS/ICs are responsible of tumour initiation, drug resistance, metastasis or disease relapse. Their detection in several cancers supports this concept. However, their origin is still misunderstood. Cell fusion is shown to take part in the formation of CS/ICs, i.e. fusion between mesenchymal stem cell and cancer cell. In a previous paper, we described that fusion leads to hybrids with metastatic capacity. This process triggered genomic rearrangements in hybrid cells together with increased metastasis development. Here, we hypothesize that cell fusion could be strong enough to provoke a cellular reprogramming and the acquisition of CS/IC properties, promoting metastasis formation. Methods After spontaneous cell fusion between E6E7 (IMR90 with the oncogenes E6 and E7) and RST (IMR90 fully transformed) cell lines, hybrid cells were selected by dual antibiotic selection. Cancer stem cells capacities were evaluated regarding capacity to form spheres, expression of stem cell markers and the presence of ALDHhigh cells. Results Our data show that after cell fusion, all hybrids contain a percentage of cells with CS/ICs properties, regarding. Importantly, we lastly showed that NANOG inhibition in H1 hybrid decreases this migration capacity while having no effect on the corresponding parental cells. Conclusions Altogether these results indicate that the combination of CS/ICs properties and genomic rearrangement in hybrids is likely to be key to tumour progression. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12885-021-07979-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Candice Merle
- INSERM U1037, Cancer Research Center in Toulouse (CRCT), 31037, Toulouse, France.,University of Toulouse 3, Paul Sabatier, 118 route de Narbonne, 31062, Toulouse Cedex 9, France
| | - Pauline Lagarde
- INSERM U1218, 229 cours de l'Argonne, F-33076, Bordeaux, France
| | - Lydia Lartigue
- INSERM U1218, 229 cours de l'Argonne, F-33076, Bordeaux, France.,University of Bordeaux, 146 rue Léo Saignat, F-33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Frédéric Chibon
- INSERM U1037, Cancer Research Center in Toulouse (CRCT), 31037, Toulouse, France. .,Institut Claudius Régaud, IUCT-Oncopole, Toulouse, France. .,Present address: CRCT-IUCT-O, 2 avenue Hubert Curien, 31037, Toulouse Cedex 1, France.
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21
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Lee N, Xia X, Meng H, Zhu W, Wang X, Zhang T, Zhang C, Zhang J, Luo P. Identification of a novel CpG methylation signature to predict prognosis in lung squamous cell carcinoma. Cancer Biomark 2021; 30:63-73. [PMID: 32924987 DOI: 10.3233/cbm-201564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND DNA methylation plays a vital role in modulating genomic function and warrants evaluation as a biomarker for the diagnosis and treatment of lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC). OBJECTIVE In this study, we aimed to identify effective potential biomarkers for predicting prognosis and drug sensitivity in LUSC. METHODS A univariate Cox proportional hazards regression analysis, a random survival forests-variable hunting (RSFVH) algorithm, and a multivariate Cox regression analysis were adopted to analyze the methylation profile of patients with LUSC included in public databases: The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), and the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO). RESULTS A methylated region consisting of 3 sites (cg06675147, cg07064331, cg20429172) was selected. Patients were divided into a high-risk group and a low-risk group in the training dataset. High-risk patients had shorter overall survival (OS) (hazard ratio [HR]: 2.72, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.82-4.07, P< 0.001) compared with low-risk patients. The accuracy of the prognostic signature was validated in the test and validation cohorts (TCGA, n= 94; GSE56044, n= 23). Gene set variation analysis (GSVA) showed that activity in the cell cycle/mitotic, ERBB, and ERK/MAPK pathways was higher in the high-risk compared with the low-risk group, which may lead to differences in OS.Interestingly, we observed that patients in the high-risk group were more sensitive to gemcitabine and docetaxel than the low-risk group, which is consistent with results of the GSVA. CONCLUSION We report novel methylation sites that could be used as powerful tools for predicting risk factors for poorer survival in patients with LUSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Lee
- Department of Oncology, Zhu Jiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xuelian Xia
- Department of Anesthesiology, Luo He Central Hospital, Henan, China
| | - Hui Meng
- Department of Oncology, Zhu Jiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Weiliang Zhu
- Department of Oncology, Zhu Jiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiankai Wang
- Department of Oncology, Zhu Jiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Tianyuan Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Zhu Jiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Chanyuan Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Zhu Jiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Zhu Jiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Peng Luo
- Department of Oncology, Zhu Jiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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22
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Park H, Maruhashi K, Yamaguchi R, Imoto S, Miyano S. Global gene network exploration based on explainable artificial intelligence approach. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0241508. [PMID: 33156825 PMCID: PMC7647077 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0241508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, personalized gene regulatory networks have received significant attention, and interpretation of the multilayer networks has been a critical issue for a comprehensive understanding of gene regulatory systems. Although several statistical and machine learning approaches have been developed and applied to reveal sample-specific regulatory pathways, integrative understanding of the massive multilayer networks remains a challenge. To resolve this problem, we propose a novel artificial intelligence (AI) strategy for comprehensive gene regulatory network analysis. In our strategy, personalized gene networks corresponding specific clinical characteristic are constructed and the constructed network is considered as a second-order tensor. Then, an explainable AI method based on deep learning is applied to decompose the multilayer networks, thus we can reveal all-encompassing gene regulatory systems characterized by clinical features of patients. To evaluate the proposed methodology, we apply our method to the multilayer gene networks under varying conditions of an epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) process. From the comprehensive analysis of multilayer networks, we identified novel markers, and the biological mechanisms of the identified genes and their reciprocal mechanisms are verified through the literature. Although any biological knowledge about the identified genes was not incorporated in our analysis, our data-driven approach based on AI approach provides biologically reliable results. Furthermore, the results provide crucial evidences to reveal biological mechanism related to various diseases, e.g., keratinocyte proliferation. The use of explainable AI method based on the tensor decomposition enables us to reveal global and novel mechanisms of gene regulatory system from the massive multiple networks, which cannot be demonstrated by existing methods. We expect that the proposed method provides a new insight into network biology and it will be a useful tool to integrative gene network analysis related complex architectures of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heewon Park
- M&D Data Science Center, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | | | - Rui Yamaguchi
- Division of Cancer Systems Biology, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Aichi, Japan
- Human Genome Center, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Seiya Imoto
- Human Genome Center, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoru Miyano
- M&D Data Science Center, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
- Human Genome Center, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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23
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Altered Tumor Plasticity after Different Cancer Cell Fusions with MSC. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21218347. [PMID: 33172211 PMCID: PMC7664391 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21218347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
While cell fusion demonstrates an important pathway during tissue development and regeneration of distinct organs, this process can also contribute to pathophysiological phenotypes during tumor progression. Hybrid cell formation after heterofusion between cancer cells and various other cell types within the tumor microenvironment is observed in vitro and in vivo. In particular, mesenchymal stroma/stem-like cells (MSC) perform diverse levels of communication with cancer cells by exhibiting anti- and pro-tumorigenic effects. During these cellular interactions, MSC can eventually fuse with cancer cells. Thereby, the newly generated disparate hybrid populations display aneuploidy associated with chromosomal instability. Based upon a subsequent post-hybrid selection process (PHSP), fused cancer cells can undergo apoptosis/necroptosis, senescence, dormancy, or a proliferative state by acquisition of new properties. Consequently, PHSP-surviving hybrid cancer cells demonstrate altered functionalities within the tumor tissue. This is accompanied by changes in therapeutic responsiveness and a different metastatic behavior. Accordingly, enhanced tumor plasticity interferes with successful therapeutic interventions and aggravates patient prognoses. The present review article focusses on fusion of MSC with different human cancer cells, in particular breast cancer populations and resulting characteristics of various cancer hybrid cells. Moreover, some mechanisms of cancer cell fusion are discussed together with multiple PHSP pathways.
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24
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Chan CH, Wu CY, Dubey NK, Wei HJ, Lu JH, Mao S, Liang J, Liang YH, Cheng HC, Deng WP. Modulating redox homeostasis and cellular reprogramming through inhibited methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase 2 enzymatic activities in lung cancer. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:17930-17947. [PMID: 32759461 PMCID: PMC7585109 DOI: 10.18632/aging.103471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Recent reports have indicated the role of highly expressed methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase 2 (MTHFD2) enzyme in cancers, showing poor survival; however, detailed mechanistic insight of metabolic functions of MTHFD2 have not been well-defined. Therefore, we aimed to examine the metabolic functions and cellular reprograming potential of MTHFD2 in lung cancer (LCa). In this study, we initially confirmed the expression levels of MTHFD2 in LCa not only in tissue and OncomineTM database, but also at molecular levels. Further, we reprogrammed metabolic activities in these cells through MTHFD2 gene knockdown via lentiviral transduction, and assessed their viability, transformation and self-renewal ability. In vivo tumorigenicity was also evaluated in NOD/SCID mice. Results showed that MTHFD2 was highly expressed in stage-dependent LCa tissues as well in cell lines, A549, H1299 and H441. Cellular viability, transformation and self-renewal abilities were significantly inhibited in MTHFD2-knockdown LCa cell lines. These cells also showed suppressed tumor-initiating ability and reduced tumor size compared to vector controls. Under low oxygen tension, MTHFD2-knockdown groups showed no significant increase in sphere formation, and hence the stemness. Conclusively, the suppressed levels of MTHFD2 is essential for cellular metabolic reprogramming leading to inhibited LCa growth and tumor aggressiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Hao Chan
- School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan,Stem Cell Research Center, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Yu Wu
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Dentistry, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 11031, Taiwan,School of Dental Technology, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Navneet Kumar Dubey
- School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan,Stem Cell Research Center, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Hong-Jian Wei
- Stem Cell Research Center, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Jui-Hua Lu
- School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan,Stem Cell Research Center, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Samantha Mao
- Stem Cell Research Center, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Joy Liang
- Stem Cell Research Center, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hsuan Liang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Chung Cheng
- School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan,Department of Dentistry, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 110131, Taiwan
| | - Win-Ping Deng
- School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan,Stem Cell Research Center, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan,Graduate Institute of Basic Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei 242, Taiwan
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25
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Zhang LN, Zhang DD, Yang L, Gu YX, Zuo QP, Wang HY, Xu J, Liu DX. Roles of cell fusion between mesenchymal stromal/stem cells and malignant cells in tumor growth and metastasis. FEBS J 2020; 288:1447-1456. [PMID: 33070450 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 06/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Invasion and metastasis are the basic characteristics and important markers of malignant tumors, which are also the main cause of death in cancer patients. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is recognized as the first step of tumor invasion and metastasis. Many studies have demonstrated that cell fusion is a common phenomenon and plays a critical role in cancer development and progression. At present, cancer stem cell fusion has been considered as a new mechanism of cancer metastasis. Mesenchymal stromal/stem cell (MSC) is a kind of adult stem cells with high self-renewal ability and multidifferentiation potential, which is used as a very promising fusogenic candidate in the tumor microenvironment and has a crucial role in cancer progression. Many research results have shown that MSCs are involved in the regulation of tumor growth and metastasis through cell fusion. However, the role of cell fusion between MSCs and malignant cells in tumor growth and metastasis is still controversial. Several studies have demonstrated that MSCs can enhance malignant characteristics, promoting tumor growth and metastasis by fusing with malignant cells, while other conflicting reports believe that MSCs can reduce tumorigenicity upon fusion with malignant cells. In this review, we summarize the recent research on cell fusion events between MSCs and malignant cells in tumor growth and metastasis. The elucidation of the molecular mechanisms between MSC fusion and tumor metastasis may provide an effective strategy for tumor biotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Na Zhang
- Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Antivirus Drug, College of Life Science and Bioengineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Di-Di Zhang
- Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Antivirus Drug, College of Life Science and Bioengineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Yang
- Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Antivirus Drug, College of Life Science and Bioengineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Yu-Xuan Gu
- Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Antivirus Drug, College of Life Science and Bioengineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Qiu-Ping Zuo
- Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Antivirus Drug, College of Life Science and Bioengineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Hao-Yi Wang
- Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Antivirus Drug, College of Life Science and Bioengineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Jia Xu
- Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Antivirus Drug, College of Life Science and Bioengineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Dian-Xin Liu
- Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Antivirus Drug, College of Life Science and Bioengineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China
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Duan Y, Li WX, Wang Y, Zhao Y, Shen J, Deng CJ, Li Q, Chen R, Liu X, Zhang YL. Integrated Analysis of lncRNAs and mRNAs Identifies a Potential Driver lncRNA FENDRR in Lung Cancer in Xuanwei, China. Nutr Cancer 2020; 73:983-995. [PMID: 32590916 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2020.1779323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
This study was to screen out potential driver long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in lung cancer in Xuanwei (LCXW) differently expressed mRNAs and lncRNAs were detected by gene expression microarrays in 23 paired lung adenocarcinoma and adjacent tissues. Combined bioinformatics analysis was performed to identify potential driver lncRNAs and their potential regulatory relationships. Transcriptome and clinical data in TCGA-LUAD were used as comparison and validation dataset. The comparison of LCXW and TCGA-LUAD revealed significant differences in expression of some genes, signaling pathways affected by differentially expressed genes, and the 5-year survival rate of patients. We identified 14 consistently deregulated mRNAs and 5 lncRNAs as candidate genes, which affected multiple cancer-related pathways and influenced patients' overall survival. By combined bioinformatics analysis, we further identified a potential driver lncRNA fetal-lethal non-coding developmental regulatory RNA (FENDRR) and proposed its possible regulation mechanism. The low expression of FENDRR was positively correlated with Krüppel-like factor4 (KLF4), KLF4 down-regulation may loss the activation function of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1A (CDKN1A) and cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1C (CDKN1C) and the inhibition function of CyclinB1 (CCNB1), eventually cause excessive cell cycle activation and lead to lung cancer. This study revealed a potential FENDRR-KLF4-cell cycle regulation axis. These results lay an important foundation for further research on the pathogenesis of LCXW and identification of potential novel biomarkers or therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Duan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China.,Yunnan Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Kunming, China.,Yunnan Institute of Laboratory Diagnosis, Kunming, China.,Innovation Team of Yunnan Provincial Clinical Laboratory and Diagnosis, Kunming, China
| | - Wen-Xing Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China.,Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China.,Yunnan Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Kunming, China.,Yunnan Institute of Laboratory Diagnosis, Kunming, China.,Innovation Team of Yunnan Provincial Clinical Laboratory and Diagnosis, Kunming, China
| | - Ying Zhao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China.,Yunnan Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Kunming, China.,Yunnan Institute of Laboratory Diagnosis, Kunming, China.,Innovation Team of Yunnan Provincial Clinical Laboratory and Diagnosis, Kunming, China
| | - Jie Shen
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Kunming Third People's Hospital, Kunming, China
| | - Cheng-Jun Deng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kunming Children's Hospital, Kunming, China
| | - Qing Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China.,Yunnan Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Kunming, China.,Yunnan Institute of Laboratory Diagnosis, Kunming, China.,Innovation Team of Yunnan Provincial Clinical Laboratory and Diagnosis, Kunming, China
| | - Ran Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Xiao Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China.,Yunnan Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Kunming, China.,Yunnan Institute of Laboratory Diagnosis, Kunming, China.,Innovation Team of Yunnan Provincial Clinical Laboratory and Diagnosis, Kunming, China
| | - Yan-Liang Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China.,Yunnan Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Kunming, China.,Yunnan Institute of Laboratory Diagnosis, Kunming, China.,Innovation Team of Yunnan Provincial Clinical Laboratory and Diagnosis, Kunming, China
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Wu CY, Chan CH, Dubey NK, Wei HJ, Lu JH, Chang CC, Cheng HC, Ou KL, Deng WP. Highly Expressed FOXF1 Inhibit Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer Growth via Inducing Tumor Suppressor and G1-Phase Cell-Cycle Arrest. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21093227. [PMID: 32370197 PMCID: PMC7246752 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21093227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer pathogenesis results from genetic alteration-induced high or low transcriptional programs, which become highly dependent on regulators of gene expression. However, their role in progressive regulation of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and how these dependencies may offer opportunities for novel therapeutic options remain to be understood. Previously, we identified forkhead box F1 (FOXF1) as a reprogramming mediator which leads to stemnesss when mesenchymal stem cells fuse with lung cancer cells, and we now examine its effect on lung cancer through establishing lowly and highly expressing FOXF1 NSCLC engineered cell lines. Higher expression of FOXF1 was enabled in cell lines through lentiviral transduction, and their viability, proliferation, and anchorage-dependent growth was assessed. Flow cytometry and Western blot were used to analyze cellular percentage in cell-cycle phases and levels of cellular cyclins, respectively. In mice, tumorigenic behavior of FOXF1 was investigated. We found that FOXF1 was downregulated in lung cancer tissues and cancer cell lines. Cell proliferation and ability of migration, anchorage-independent growth, and transformation were inhibited in H441-FOXF1H and H1299-FOXF1H, with upregulated tumor suppressor p21 and suppressed cellular cyclins, leading to cell-cycle arrest at the gap 1 (G1) phase. H441-FOXF1H and H1299-FOXF1H injected mice showed reduced tumor size. Conclusively, highly expressing FOXF1 inhibited NSCLC growth via activating tumor suppressor p21 and G1 cell-cycle arrest, thus offering a potentially novel therapeutic strategy for lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Yu Wu
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Dentistry, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 11031, Taiwan;
- School of Dental Technology, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Hao Chan
- School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; (C.-H.C.); (N.K.D.); (H.-J.W.); (J.-H.L.); (H.-C.C.)
- Stem Cell Research Center, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Navneet Kumar Dubey
- School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; (C.-H.C.); (N.K.D.); (H.-J.W.); (J.-H.L.); (H.-C.C.)
- Stem Cell Research Center, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Hong-Jian Wei
- School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; (C.-H.C.); (N.K.D.); (H.-J.W.); (J.-H.L.); (H.-C.C.)
- Stem Cell Research Center, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Jui-Hua Lu
- School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; (C.-H.C.); (N.K.D.); (H.-J.W.); (J.-H.L.); (H.-C.C.)
- Stem Cell Research Center, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Chao Chang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 11031, Taiwan;
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Chung Cheng
- School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; (C.-H.C.); (N.K.D.); (H.-J.W.); (J.-H.L.); (H.-C.C.)
- Department of Dentistry, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Keng-Liang Ou
- Department of Dentistry, Taipei Medical University-Shuang Ho Hospital, New Taipei City 23561, Taiwan;
- 3D Global Biotech Inc., New Taipei City 22175, Taiwan
| | - Win-Ping Deng
- School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; (C.-H.C.); (N.K.D.); (H.-J.W.); (J.-H.L.); (H.-C.C.)
- Stem Cell Research Center, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 24205, Taiwan
- Correspondence:
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28
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Zhao J, Xue X, Fu W, Dai L, Jiang Z, Zhong S, Deng B, Yin J. Epigenetic activation of FOXF1 confers cancer stem cell properties to cisplatin‑resistant non‑small cell lung cancer. Int J Oncol 2020; 56:1083-1092. [PMID: 32319573 PMCID: PMC7115358 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2020.5003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The underlying molecular mechanisms of cisplatin resistance in non‑small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) are unclear. In this study, a novel differential methylation region located in the upstream regulatory region of the forkhead box F1 (FOXF1) gene was identified. The abnormal hypomethylation of FOXF1 increased the expression of FOXF1, and the high expression of FOXF1 promoted cell proliferation and inhibited cell apoptosis induced by cisplatin, which resulted in cisplatin resistance in NSCLC cells. In addition, FOXF1 promoted the expression of stem cell markers and self‑renewal capability, indicating that FOXF1 regulated cisplatin resistance by promoting cancer stem cell properties in NSCLC cells. Moreover, a strong association was observed between FOXF1 upregulation and the presence of platinum‑based chemotherapy resistance in patients with NSCLC. On the whole, the findings of this study indicate the regulatory mechanisms of cisplatin resistance by FOXF1 in NSCLC, and suggest that FOXF1 may be used as a prognostic biomarker of platinum‑based chemotherapy resistance in NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zhao
- Department of Chest Surgery, Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510095, P.R. China
| | - Xingyang Xue
- Department of Chest Surgery, Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510095, P.R. China
| | - Wenfan Fu
- Department of Chest Surgery, Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510095, P.R. China
| | - Lu Dai
- Department of Chest Surgery, Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510095, P.R. China
| | - Zeyong Jiang
- Department of Chest Surgery, Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510095, P.R. China
| | - Shengpeng Zhong
- Department of Chest Surgery, Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510095, P.R. China
| | - Boyun Deng
- Department of Chest Surgery, Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510095, P.R. China
| | - Jun Yin
- Department of Chest Surgery, Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510095, P.R. China
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29
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Szafranski P, Liu Q, Karolak JA, Song X, de Leeuw N, Faas B, Gerychova R, Janku P, Jezova M, Valaskova I, Gibbs KA, Surrey LF, Poisson V, Bérubé D, Oligny LL, Michaud JL, Popek E, Stankiewicz P. Association of rare non-coding SNVs in the lung-specific FOXF1 enhancer with a mitigation of the lethal ACDMPV phenotype. Hum Genet 2019; 138:1301-1311. [PMID: 31686214 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-019-02073-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Haploinsufficiency of FOXF1 causes alveolar capillary dysplasia with misalignment of pulmonary veins (ACDMPV), a lethal neonatal lung developmental disorder. We describe two similar heterozygous CNV deletions involving the FOXF1 enhancer and re-analyze FOXF1 missense mutation, all associated with an unexpectedly mitigated disease phenotype. In one case, the deletion of the maternal allele of the FOXF1 enhancer caused pulmonary hypertension and histopathologically diagnosed MPV without the typical ACD features. In the second case, the deletion of the paternal enhancer resulted in ACDMPV rather than the expected neonatal lethality. In both cases, FOXF1 expression in lung tissue was higher than usually seen or expected in patients with similar deletions, suggesting an increased activity of the remaining allele of the enhancer. Sequencing of these alleles revealed two rare SNVs, rs150502618-A and rs79301423-T, mapping to the partially overlapping binding sites for TFAP2s and CTCF in the core region of the enhancer. Moreover, in a family with three histopathologically-diagnosed ACDMPV siblings whose missense FOXF1 mutation was inherited from the healthy non-mosaic carrier mother, we have identified a rare SNV rs28571077-A within 2-kb of the above-mentioned non-coding SNVs in the FOXF1 enhancer in the mother, that was absent in the affected newborns and 13 unrelated ACDMPV patients with CNV deletions of this genomic region. Based on the low population frequencies of these three variants, their absence in ACDMPV patients, the results of reporter assay, RNAi and EMSA experiments, and in silico predictions, we propose that the described SNVs might have acted on FOXF1 enhancer as hypermorphs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Przemyslaw Szafranski
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Qian Liu
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Justyna A Karolak
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Genetics and Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Xiaofei Song
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Nicole de Leeuw
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Brigitte Faas
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Romana Gerychova
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Masaryk University and University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Janku
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Masaryk University and University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic.,Department of Nursing and Midwifery, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Marta Jezova
- Department of Pathology, Masaryk University and University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Iveta Valaskova
- Department of Medical Genetics, Masaryk University and University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | | | - Lea F Surrey
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Virginie Poisson
- CHU Sainte-Justine, Montreal, Québec, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Denis Bérubé
- CHU Sainte-Justine, Montreal, Québec, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Luc L Oligny
- CHU Sainte-Justine, Montreal, Québec, Canada.,Department of Pathology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Jacques L Michaud
- CHU Sainte-Justine, Montreal, Québec, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Edwina Popek
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Paweł Stankiewicz
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
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30
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Gu Y, Hu C. Bioinformatic analysis of the prognostic value and potential regulatory network of FOXF1 in papillary thyroid cancer. Biofactors 2019; 45:902-911. [PMID: 31498939 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
FOXF1 belongs to the forkhead family of transcription factors. In this study, we aimed to explore the expression profile of FOXF1 in papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) and corresponding adjacent normal tissues, by using data from The Cancer Genome Atlas-Thyroid Cancer (TCGA-THCA) and The Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) project. Also, we studied its prognostic significance in PTC and its potential regulatory network. Results showed that FOXF1 expression was significantly lower in PTC tissues compared with adjacent normal tissues. Subgroup analysis only confirmed the downregulation in classical histological variant, but not in tall-cell and follicular variants. FOXF1 downregulation was associated with advanced T stages, positive nodal invasion, and advanced pathological stages of the classical variants. FOXF1 expression might be a fair prognostic marker in terms of recurrence, which independently predicted favorable RFS (HR:0.114, 95%CI: 0.045-0.289, p < .001). We examined FOXF1 somatic mutations, gene-level copy number alterations (CNAs) and the methylation status of 57 CpG sites in more than 350 classical PTC cases. However, no expression-related genetic and epigenetic alterations were identified. Based on 20,048 genes with RNA-seq data, we identified 16 genes that showed strongly positive co-expression (Pearson's r ≥ 0.6) with FOXF1. Available evidence showed that some of the genes have well-characterized tumor suppressive effects. We hypothesized that some of these genes might be the upstream regulators or downstream effectors of FOXF1 in classical PTC. In conclusion, FOXF1 mRNA was typically downregulated in classical PTC. Its expression might be a specific and independent prognostic biomarker in terms of RFS in classical PTC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Gu
- Department of Vascular and Thyroid Surgery, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Chunmei Hu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
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31
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Fusion of macrophages promotes breast cancer cell proliferation, migration and invasion through activating epithelial-mesenchymal transition and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Arch Biochem Biophys 2019; 676:108137. [PMID: 31605677 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2019.108137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Revised: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cell fusion is a highly regulated process involved in cancer development, tissue regeneration and other physiological and pathological events. Many studies have shown that cancer cells can fuse with different types of cells such as mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and macrophages, which are behaved as two important fusogenic candidates in the tumor microenvironment. However, the underlying mechanisms of cell fusion between macrophages and malignant cells in cancer progression has not been fully clarified. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects and mechanisms of cell fusion between macrophages and breast cancer cells on tumorigenesis and metastasis. Our results indicated that the hybrids exhibited enhanced proliferation, colony formation, migration and invasion capabilities, as well as suppressed apoptosis compared with parental breast cancer cells. Moreover, the hybrid cells displayed EMT with a significant downregulation of E-cadherin and upregulation of N-cadherin, Vimentin and Snail, as well as an obviously increased expression of MMP-2, MMP-9, uPA and S100A4. Mechanistically, we found that the TCF/LEF transcription factor activity of Wnt/β-catenin pathway and the expression of its downstream target genes including cyclin D1 and c-Myc were increased in the hybrid cells. Furthermore, our data confirmed that the promoting effects of fusion of macrophages on breast cancer cell proliferation, migration and invasion could be blocked by treatment with XAV-939, a Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway inhibitor. In conclusion, our findings demonstrate that fusion of macrophages promotes proliferation, migration and invasion of breast cancer cells through activating EMT and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Our current study will further contribute to elucidate the mechanism of cell fusion in tumorigenesis and metastasis, and to develop a new therapeutic strategy for breast cancer treatment.
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32
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Hass R, von der Ohe J, Ungefroren H. Potential Role of MSC/Cancer Cell Fusion and EMT for Breast Cancer Stem Cell Formation. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11101432. [PMID: 31557960 PMCID: PMC6826868 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11101432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Revised: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Solid tumors comprise of maturated cancer cells and self-renewing cancer stem-like cells (CSCs), which are associated with various other nontumorigenic cell populations in the tumor microenvironment. In addition to immune cells, endothelial cells, fibroblasts, and further cell types, mesenchymal stroma/stem-like cells (MSC) represent an important cell population recruited to tumor sites and predominantly interacting with the different cancer cells. Breast cancer models were among the first to reveal distinct properties of CSCs, however, the cellular process(es) through which these cells are generated, maintained, and expanded within neoplastic tissues remains incompletely understood. Here, we discuss several possible scenarios that are not mutually exclusive but may even act synergistically: fusion of cancer cells with MSC to yield hybrid cells and/or the induction of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in breast cancer cells by MSC, which can relay signals for retrodifferentiation and eventually, the generation of breast CSCs (BCSCs). In either case, the consequences may be promotion of self-renewal capacity, tumor cell plasticity and heterogeneity, an increase in the cancer cells’ invasive and metastatic potential, and the acquisition of resistance mechanisms towards chemo- or radiotherapy. While specific signaling mechanisms involved in each of these properties remain to be elucidated, the present review article focusses on a potential involvement of cancer cell fusion and EMT in the development of breast cancer stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralf Hass
- Biochemistry and Tumor Biology Lab, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany.
| | - Juliane von der Ohe
- Biochemistry and Tumor Biology Lab, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany.
| | - Hendrik Ungefroren
- First Department of Medicine, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, 23538 Lübeck, Germany.
- Department of General Surgery, Visceral, Thoracic, Transplantation and Pediatric Surgery, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany.
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33
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Tumor Microenvironment and Cell Fusion. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:5013592. [PMID: 31380426 PMCID: PMC6657644 DOI: 10.1155/2019/5013592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2019] [Revised: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cell fusion is a highly regulated biological process that occurs under both physiological and pathological conditions. The cellular and extracellular environment is critical for the induction of the cell-cell fusion. Aberrant cell fusion is initiated during tumor progression. Tumor microenvironment is a complex dynamic system formed by the interaction between tumor cells and their surrounding cells. Cell-cell fusion mediates direct interaction between tumor cells and their surrounding cells and is associated with tumor initiation and progression. Various microenvironmental factors affect cell fusion in tumor microenvironment and generate hybrids that acquire genomes of both parental cells and exhibit novel characteristics, such as tumor stem cell-like properties, radioresistance, drug resistance, immune evasion, and enhanced migration and invasion abilities, which are closely related to the initiation, invasion, and metastasis of tumor. The phenotypic characteristics of hybrids are based on the phenotypes of parental cells, and the fusion of tumor cells with diverse types of microenvironmental fusogenic cells is concomitant with phenotypic heterogeneity. This review highlights the types of fusogenic cells in tumor microenvironment that can fuse with tumor cells and their specific significance and summarizes the various microenvironmental factors affecting tumor cell fusion. This review may be used as a reference to develop strategies for future research on tumor cell fusion and the exploration of cell fusion-based antitumor therapies.
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34
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Cortes-Dericks L, Galetta D. The therapeutic potential of mesenchymal stem cells in lung cancer: benefits, risks and challenges. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2019; 42:727-738. [PMID: 31254169 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-019-00459-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lung cancer is one of the most challenging diseases to treat. In the past decades standard therapy including surgery, chemo- and radiation therapy, alone or in combination has not changed the high mortality rate and poor prognosis. In recent years, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have emerged as putative therapeutic tools due to their intrinsic tumor tropism, anti-tumor and immunoregulatory properties. MSCs release biomolecules that are thought to exert the same beneficial effects as their cellular counterparts and, as such, they may offer practical possibilities of using MSC-secreted products. Owing to their innate affinity to home to tumor sites, MSCs have also gained interest as selective vehicles for the delivery of anti-cancer agents. However, MSCs are also known to confer pro-oncogenic effects, rendering them into double-sword weapons against neoplastic diseases. CONCLUSIONS Here, we present published data on the cell- and secretome-based therapeutic competences of MSCs, as well as on their potential as engineered delivery vectors for the treatment of lung cancer. Despite the controversial role of MSCs in the context of lung cancer therapy, current findings support hopeful perspectives to harness the potential of MSC-based regimens that may augment current treatment modalities in lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Domenico Galetta
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
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Jiang Y, Wells A, Sylakowski K, Clark AM, Ma B. Adult Stem Cell Functioning in the Tumor Micro-Environment. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20102566. [PMID: 31130595 PMCID: PMC6566759 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20102566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2019] [Revised: 05/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor progression from an expanded cell population in a primary location to disseminated lethal growths subverts attempts at cures. It has become evident that these steps are driven in a large part by cancer cell-extrinsic signaling from the tumor microenvironment (TME), one cellular component of which is becoming more appreciated for potential modulation of the cancer cells directly and the TME globally. That cell is a heterogenous population referred to as adult mesenchymal stem cells/multipotent stromal cells (MSCs). Herein, we review emerging evidence as to how these cells, both from distant sources, mainly the bone marrow, or local resident cells, can impact the progression of solid tumors. These nascent investigations raise more questions than they answer but paint a picture of an orchestrated web of signals and interactions that can be modulated to impact tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhan Jiang
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA.
- School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Alan Wells
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA.
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA.
- Department of Computational & Systems Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA.
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
- VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
| | - Kyle Sylakowski
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA.
- VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
| | - Amanda M Clark
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA.
- VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
| | - Bo Ma
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA.
- VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
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Avnet S, Lemma S, Cortini M, Di Pompo G, Perut F, Baldini N. Pre-clinical Models for Studying the Interaction Between Mesenchymal Stromal Cells and Cancer Cells and the Induction of Stemness. Front Oncol 2019; 9:305. [PMID: 31114753 PMCID: PMC6502984 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) have essential functions in building and supporting the tumour microenvironment, providing metastatic niches, and maintaining cancer hallmarks, and it is increasingly evident that the study of the role of MSC in cancer is crucial for paving the way to clinical opportunities for novel anti-cancer therapies. To date, the vast majority of preclinical models that have been used for studying the effect of reactive MSC on cancer growth, metastasis, and response to therapy has been mainly based on in vitro flat biology, including the co-culturing with cell compartmentalization or with cell-to-cell contact, and on in vivo cancer models with different routes of MSC inoculation. More complex in vitro 3D models based on spheroid structures that are formed by intermingled MSC and tumour cells are also capturing the interest in cancer research. These are innovative culture systems tailored on the specific tumour type and that can be combined with a synthetic extracellular matrix, or included in in silico technologies, to more properly mimic the in vivo biological, spatial, biochemical, and biophysical features of tumour tissues. In this review, we summarized the most popular and currently available preclinical models for evaluating the role of MSC in cancer and their specific suitability, for example, in assaying the MSC-driven induction of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition or of stem-like traits in cancer cells. Finally, we enlightened the need to carefully consider those parameters that might unintentionally strongly affect the secretome in MSC-cancer interplay and introduce confounding variables for the interpretation of results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Avnet
- Orthopaedic Pathophysiology and Regenerative Medicine Unit, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Silvia Lemma
- Orthopaedic Pathophysiology and Regenerative Medicine Unit, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Margherita Cortini
- Orthopaedic Pathophysiology and Regenerative Medicine Unit, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Gemma Di Pompo
- Orthopaedic Pathophysiology and Regenerative Medicine Unit, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesca Perut
- Orthopaedic Pathophysiology and Regenerative Medicine Unit, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Nicola Baldini
- Orthopaedic Pathophysiology and Regenerative Medicine Unit, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy.,Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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Ma T, Zhang J. Upregulation of FOXP4 in breast cancer promotes migration and invasion through facilitating EMT. Cancer Manag Res 2019; 11:2783-2793. [PMID: 31040716 PMCID: PMC6459146 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s191641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Family of forkhead box transcription factors has been found to play key roles in multiple types of cancer. Materials and methods Our study is to decipher the effects of FOXP4 in human breast cancer (BC). Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analyses were performed to determine the mRNA and protein expressions of FOXP4 in BC tissue samples and cell lines. The gain and loss of function assay were used to explore the detailed roles of FOXP4 in breast cell lines, including MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cells. Its effect on BC growth, migration, and invasion were evaluated by colony formation assay, CCK-8 assay, wound-healing assay, and transwell invasion assay, respectively. Results Our findings revealed that FOXP4 promotes cell proliferation, migration, as well as invasion of BC cells. Furthermore, FOXP4 also facilitates epithelial-mesenchymal transition. ChIP, qChIP assay, and dual luciferase reporter assay were used to examine whether Snail is a downstream target of FOXP4. Moreover, overexpression of Snail could partially rescue the effects of FOXP4 inhibition on cancer cell migration and invasion. Conclusion Our findings revealed that FOXP4 is a critical regulator in BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Ma
- The Third Department of Breast Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, P.R. China, .,Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, P.R. China, .,Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, P.R. China, .,Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, P.R. China,
| | - Jin Zhang
- The Third Department of Breast Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, P.R. China, .,Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, P.R. China, .,Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, P.R. China, .,Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, P.R. China,
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Zhang LN, Kong CF, Zhao D, Cong XL, Wang SS, Ma L, Huang YH. Fusion with mesenchymal stem cells differentially affects tumorigenic and metastatic abilities of lung cancer cells. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:3570-3582. [PMID: 30417342 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cell fusion plays a crucial role in cancer progression and leads to massive aberrant changes in chromosome and gene expression involved in tumor metastasis. Cancer cells can fuse with many cell types, including stromal cells, epithelial cells, macrophages, and endothelial cells. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been reported to migrate and incorporate into tumor sites during cancer progression. However, the underlying mechanism of stem cell fusion in tumor metastasis has not been fully deciphered. In this research, we established a cell fusion model between lung cancer cells and MSCs in vitro. We found that the hybrid cells showed enhanced metastatic capacity with increased expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9, whereas the proliferation ability was inhibited and cell cycle was blocked in the G0 /G1 phase with elevated expression of p21, p27, and p53. Moreover, the hybrid cells lost epithelial morphology and exhibited an epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) change with downregulation of E-cadherin and upregulation of N-cadherin, Vimentin, α-SMA and Fibronectin1. Meanwhile, the expressions of EMT transcription factors, including Snail1, Slug, Twist1, Zeb1, and Zeb2, were also increased in hybrid cells. More important, the fusion hybrids acquired stem cell-like properties, which exhibited increased expression stem cell transcription factors Oct4, Sox2, Nanog, Kif4 as well as Bmi1. Taken together, our results suggested that cell fusion between lung cancer cells and MSCs offered enhanced metastatic capacity and characteristics of cancer stem cell by undergoing EMT. This study will contribute to explaning the origin of lung cancer stem cells and to elucidate the role of cell fusion in cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Na Zhang
- College of Life Science and Bioengineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Chen-Fei Kong
- China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Dan Zhao
- China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xian-Ling Cong
- China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Shen-Sen Wang
- College of Life Science and Bioengineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Ling Ma
- College of Life Science and Bioengineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Ying-Hui Huang
- College of Life Science and Bioengineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China
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Wang S, Xiao Z, Hong Z, Jiao H, Zhu S, Zhao Y, Bi J, Qiu J, Zhang D, Yan J, Zhang L, Huang C, Li T, Liang L, Liao W, Ye Y, Ding Y. FOXF1 promotes angiogenesis and accelerates bevacizumab resistance in colorectal cancer by transcriptionally activating VEGFA. Cancer Lett 2018; 439:78-90. [PMID: 30253191 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2018.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Revised: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Forkhead box F1 (FOXF1) has been recently implicated in the progression and metastasis of lung cancer and breast cancer. However, the biological functions and underlying mechanisms by which FOXF1 regulates the progression of colorectal cancer (CRC) are largely unknown. As shown in our previous study, FOXF1 is upregulated in 182 CRC tissues, and elevated FOXF1 expression is significantly associated with microvessel density and advanced TNM (T = primary tumour; N = regional lymph nodes; M = distant metastasis) stages. In this study, 43 CRC tissues collected from patients who underwent treatment with first-line standard chemotherapeutic regimens in combination with bevacizumab were used to explore the correlation between FOXF1 expression and resistance to bevacizumab. In addition, FOXF1 regulated angiogenesis by inducing the transcription of vascular endothelial growth factor A1 (VEGFA) in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, upregulation of FOXF1 enhanced bevacizumab resistance in CRC, and inhibition of VEGFA attenuated angiogenesis and bevacizumab resistance in FOXF1-overexpressing CRC cells. These results suggest that FOXF1 plays critical roles in CRC angiogenesis and bevacizumab resistance by inducing VEGFA transcription and that FOXF1 represents a potentially new therapeutic strategy and biomarker for anti-angiogenic therapy against CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyang Wang
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhiyuan Xiao
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zexuan Hong
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongli Jiao
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shaowei Zhu
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yali Zhao
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiaxin Bi
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junfeng Qiu
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dan Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junyu Yan
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lingjie Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chengmei Huang
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tingting Li
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Liang
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenting Liao
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Yaping Ye
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Yanqing Ding
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology, Guangzhou, China.
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Wang S, Yan S, Zhu S, Zhao Y, Yan J, Xiao Z, Bi J, Qiu J, Zhang D, Hong Z, Zhang L, Huang C, Li T, Liang L, Liao W, Jiao H, Ding Y, Ye Y. FOXF1 Induces Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition in Colorectal Cancer Metastasis by Transcriptionally Activating SNAI1. Neoplasia 2018; 20:996-1007. [PMID: 30189360 PMCID: PMC6134153 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2018.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Revised: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Forkhead Box F1 (FOXF1) has been recently implicated in cancer progression and metastasis of lung cancer and breast cancer. However, the biological functions and underlying mechanisms of FOXF1 in the regulation of the progression of colorectal cancer (CRC) are largely unknown. We showed that FOXF1 was up-regulated in 93 paraffin-embedded archived human CRC tissue, and both high expression and nuclear location of FOXF1 were significantly associated with the aggressive characteristics and poorer survival of CRC patients. The GSEA analysis showed that the higher level of FOXF1 was positively associated with an enrichment of EMT gene signatures, and exogenous overexpression of FOXF1 induced EMT by transcriptionally activating SNAI1. Exogenous overexpression FOXF1 functionally promoted invasion and metastasis features of CRC cells, and inhibition of SNAI1 attenuates the invasive phenotype and metastatic potential of FOXF1-overexpressing CRC cells. Furthermore, the results of the tissue chip showed that the expression of FOXF1 was positively correlated with SNAI1 in CRC tissues chip. These results suggested that FOXF1 plays a critical role in CRC metastasis by inducing EMT via transcriptional activation of SNAI1, highlighting a potential new therapeutic strategy for CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyang Wang
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shanshan Yan
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shaowei Zhu
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yali Zhao
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junyu Yan
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhiyuan Xiao
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiaxin Bi
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junfeng Qiu
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dan Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zexuan Hong
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lingjie Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chengmei Huang
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tingting Li
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Liang
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenting Liao
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongli Jiao
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Yanqing Ding
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Yaping Ye
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology, Guangzhou, China.
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Chen Y, Tan W, Wang C. Tumor-associated macrophage-derived cytokines enhance cancer stem-like characteristics through epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Onco Targets Ther 2018; 11:3817-3826. [PMID: 30013362 PMCID: PMC6038883 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s168317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells are a small population of cells with the potential for self-renewal and multi-directional differentiation and are an important source of cancer initiation, treatment resistance, and recurrence. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a process in which epithelial cells lose their epithelial phenotype and convert to mesenchymal cells. Recent studies have shown that cancer cells undergoing EMT can become stem-like cells. Many kinds of tumors are associated with chronic inflammation, which plays a role in tumor progression. Among the various immune cells mediating chronic inflammation, macrophages account for ~30%-50% of the tumor mass. Macrophages are highly infiltrative in the tumor microenvironment and secrete a series of inflammatory factors and cytokines, such as transforming growth factor (TGF)-β, IL-6, IL-10, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, which promote EMT and enhance the stemness of cancer cells. This review summarizes and discusses recent research findings on some specific mechanisms of tumor-associated macrophage-derived cytokines in EMT and cancer stemness transition, which are emerging targets of cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongxu Chen
- Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangdong Geriatric Institute, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China, .,School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China,
| | - Wei Tan
- Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangdong Geriatric Institute, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China,
| | - Changjun Wang
- Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangdong Geriatric Institute, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China, .,School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China,
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Ranganath SH. Bioengineered cellular and cell membrane-derived vehicles for actively targeted drug delivery: So near and yet so far. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2018; 132:57-80. [PMID: 29935987 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2018.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Revised: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Cellular carriers for drug delivery are attractive alternatives to synthetic nanoparticles owing to their innate homing/targeting abilities. Here, we review molecular interactions involved in the homing of Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and other cell types to understand the process of designing and engineering highly efficient, actively targeting cellular vehicles. In addition, we comprehensively discuss various genetic and non-genetic strategies and propose futuristic approaches of engineering MSC homing using micro/nanotechnology and high throughput small molecule screening. Most of the targeting abilities of a cell come from its plasma membrane, thus, efforts to harness cell membranes as drug delivery vehicles are gaining importance and are highlighted here. We also recognize and report the lack of detailed characterization of cell membranes in terms of safety, structural integrity, targeting functionality, and drug transport. Finally, we provide insights on future development of bioengineered cellular and cell membrane-derived vesicles for successful clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudhir H Ranganath
- Bio-INvENT Lab, Department of Chemical Engineering, Siddaganga Institute of Technology, B.H. Road, Tumakuru, 572103, Karnataka, India.
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NSC 95397 Suppresses Proliferation and Induces Apoptosis in Colon Cancer Cells through MKP-1 and the ERK1/2 Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19061625. [PMID: 29857489 PMCID: PMC6032145 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19061625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Revised: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
NSC 95397, a quinone-based small molecule compound, has been identified as an inhibitor for dual-specificity phosphatases, including mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase-1 (MKP-1). MKP-1 is known to inactivate mitogen-activated protein kinases by dephosphorylating both of their threonine and tyrosine residues. Moreover, owing to their participation in tumorigenesis and drug resistance in colon cancer cells, MKP-1 is an attractive therapeutic target for colon cancer treatment. We therefore investigated the inhibitory activity of NSC 95397 against three colon cancer cell lines including SW480, SW620, and DLD-1, and their underlying mechanisms. The results demonstrated that NSC 95397 reduced cell viability and anchorage-independent growth of all the three colon cancer cell lines through inhibited proliferation and induced apoptosis via regulating cell-cycle-related proteins, including p21, cyclin-dependent kinases, and caspases. Besides, by using mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK)/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) inhibitor U0126, we provided mechanistic evidence that the antineoplastic effects of NSC 95397 were achieved via inhibiting MKP-1 activity followed by ERK1/2 phosphorylation. Conclusively, our results indicated that NSC 95397 might serve as an effective therapeutic intervention for colon cancer through regulating MKP-1 and ERK1/2 pathway.
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Tumor cell expression of CD163 is associated to postoperative radiotherapy and poor prognosis in patients with breast cancer treated with breast-conserving surgery. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2018; 144:1253-1263. [PMID: 29725763 PMCID: PMC6002457 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-018-2646-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Cancer cell fusion with macrophages results in highly tumorigenic hybrids that acquire genetic and phenotypic characteristics from both maternal cells. Macrophage traits, exemplified by CD163 expression, in tumor cells are associated with advanced stages and poor prognosis in breast cancer (BC). In vitro data suggest that cancer cells expressing CD163 acquire radioresistance. Methods Tissue microarray was constructed from primary BC obtained from 83 patients treated with breast-conserving surgery, 50% having received postoperative radiotherapy (RT) and none of the patients had lymph node or distant metastasis. Immunostaining of CD163 in cancer cells and macrophage infiltration (MI) in tumor stroma were evaluated. Macrophage:MCF-7 hybrids were generated by spontaneous in vitro cell fusion. After irradiation (0, 2.5 and 5 Gy γ-radiation), both hybrids and their maternal MCF-7 cells were examined by clonogenic survival. Results CD163-expression by cancer cells was significantly associated with MI and clinicopathological data. Patients with CD163-positive tumors had significantly shorter disease-free survival (DFS) after RT. In vitro generated macrophage:MCF-7 hybrids developed radioresistance and exhibited better survival and colony forming ability after radiation compared to maternal MCF-7 cancer cells. Conclusions Our results suggest that macrophage phenotype in tumor cells results in radioresistance in breast cancer and shorter DFS after radiotherapy.
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Yuan Y, Zhou C, Chen X, Tao C, Cheng H, Lu X. Suppression of tumor cell proliferation and migration by human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells: A possible role for apoptosis and Wnt signaling. Oncol Lett 2018; 15:8536-8544. [PMID: 29805590 PMCID: PMC5950566 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.8368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hUCMSCs) represent potential therapeutic tools for solid tumors. However, there are numerous inconsistent results regarding the effects of hUCMSCs on tumors, and the mechanisms underlying this remain poorly understood. The present study further examined this controversial issue by analyzing the molecular mechanisms of the inhibitory effects of hUCMSCs on the proliferation and migration of the human lung cancer A549 cell line and the human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) BEL7402 cell line in vitro. Flow cytometric analysis demonstrated that hUCMSCs arrested tumor cells in specific phases of the cell cycle and induced the apoptosis of tumor cells by using the hUCMSC-conditioned medium (hUCMSC-CM). The hUCMSC-CM also attenuated the migratory abilities of the two tumor cell types. Furthermore, the expression of B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2), the pro-form of caspase-7 (pro-caspase-7), β-catenin and c-Myc was downregulated, while that of ephrin receptor (EphA5), a biomarker of cancer cell dormancy, was slightly increased in these two tumor cell lines treated with hUCMSC-CM. Specifically, when co-cultured via direct cell-to-cell contact, hUCMSCs were able to spontaneously fuse with any of the two types of solid tumor cells. These observations suggested that hUCMSCs may be a promising candidate for the biological therapy of lung cancer and HCC. Future studies should focus on detailed evidence for cell fusion, as well as other mechanisms proposed in the present study, by introducing additional experimental approaches and models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Yuan
- School of Life Science and Biopharmacology, School of Anatomy and Histology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology Candidate Drug Research, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P.R. China
| | - Chang Zhou
- School of Life Science and Biopharmacology, School of Anatomy and Histology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology Candidate Drug Research, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P.R. China
| | - Xuan Chen
- School of Life Science and Biopharmacology, School of Anatomy and Histology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology Candidate Drug Research, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P.R. China
| | - Changli Tao
- School of Life Science and Biopharmacology, School of Anatomy and Histology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology Candidate Drug Research, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P.R. China
| | - Huiqing Cheng
- School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510631, P.R. China
| | - Xin Lu
- School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510631, P.R. China
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46
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Li X, Xu JX, Jia XS, Li WY, Han YC, Wang EH, Li F. Dormancy activation mechanism of tracheal stem cells. Oncotarget 2018; 7:23730-9. [PMID: 27009861 PMCID: PMC5029659 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2015] [Accepted: 03/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Accurate markers and molecular mechanisms of stem cell dormancy and activation are poorly understood. In this study, the anti-cancer drug, 5-fluorouracil, was used to selectively kill proliferating cells of human bronchial epithelial (HBE) cell line. This method can enrich and purify stem cell population. The dormant versus active status of stem cells was determined by phosphorylation of RNAp II Ser2. The surviving stem cells were cultured to form stem cell spheres expressing stem cell markers and transplanted into nude mice to form a teratoma. The results demonstrated the properties of stem cells and potential for multi-directional differentiation. Bisulfite sequencing polymerase chain reaction showed that demethylation of the Sox2 promoter by 5-FU resulted in Sox2 expression in the dormant stem cells. This study shows that the dormancy and activation of HBE stem cells is closely related to epigenetic modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Li
- Department of Physiology, College of Life Science and Biopharmaceutics of Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China.,Department of Pathology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jing-Xian Xu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The 4th Affiliated Hospital, Eye Institute, China Medical University, The Key Laboratory of Lens Research, Shenyang, China
| | - Xin-Shan Jia
- Department of Pathology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Wen-Ya Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yi-Chen Han
- Department of Pathology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - En-Hua Wang
- Department of Pathology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Fang Li
- IVF Michigan, Bloomfield Hills, MI, USA
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47
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Jia XH, Feng GW, Wang ZL, Du Y, Shen C, Hui H, Peng D, Li ZJ, Kong DL, Tian J. Activation of mesenchymal stem cells by macrophages promotes tumor progression through immune suppressive effects. Oncotarget 2018; 7:20934-44. [PMID: 26988913 PMCID: PMC4991502 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2015] [Accepted: 01/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer development and progression is linked to tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs). Distinct TAMs subsets perform either protective or pathogenic effects in cancer. A protective role in carcinogenesis has been described for M1 macrophages, which activate antitumor mechanisms. By comparison, TAMs isolated from solid and metastatic tumors have a suppressive M2-like phenotype, which could support multiple aspects of tumor progression. Currently, it has not been clearly understood how macrophages in tumor-associated stroma could be hijacked to support tumor growth. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) actively interact with components of the innate immune system and display both anti-inflammatory and pro-inflammatory effects. Here, we tested whether MSCs could favor the tumor to escape from immunologic surveillance in the presence of M1 macrophages. We found that MSCs educated by M1 condition medium (cMSCs) possessed a greatly enhanced ability in promoting tumor growth in vivo. Examination of cytokines/chemokines showed that the cMSCs acquired a regulatory profile, which expressed high levels of iNOS and MCP1. Consistent with an elevated MCP1 expression in cMSCs, the tumor-promoting effect of the cMSCs depended on MCP1 mediated macrophage recruitment to tumor sites. Furthermore, IL-6 secreted by the cMSCs could polarize infiltrated TAMs into M2-like macrophages. Therefore, when macrophages changed into M1 pro-inflammation type in tumor microenvironment, the MSCs would act as poor sensors and switchers to accelerate tumor growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Hua Jia
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging of The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Guo-Wei Feng
- Department of Genitourinary Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin 300060, China.,Department of Pathophysiology, Nankai University School of Medicine, Tianjin 300071, China.,State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Zhong-Liang Wang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Shaanxi, Xi'an 710071, China
| | - Yang Du
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging of The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Chen Shen
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging of The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Hui Hui
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging of The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Dong Peng
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging of The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.,School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Shaanxi, Xi'an 710071, China
| | - Zong-Jin Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, Nankai University School of Medicine, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - De-Ling Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Jie Tian
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging of The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Beijing 100190, China
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48
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Kun-Peng Z, Chun-Lin Z, Xiao-Long M. Antisense lncRNA FOXF1-AS1 Promotes Migration and Invasion of Osteosarcoma Cells Through the FOXF1/MMP-2/-9 Pathway. Int J Biol Sci 2017; 13:1180-1191. [PMID: 29104509 PMCID: PMC5666333 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.21722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common primary malignant bone cancer in children and adolescents. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been shown to play significant role in various cancers, including OS. In a previous study, we have reported that a novel antisense lncRNA FOXF1-AS1, also known as FENDRR, could sensitize doxorubicin-resistance of OS cells through down-regulating ABCB1 and ABCC1. Here in, the critical role of FOXF1-AS1 in regulating OS progression was further investigated. Firstly, we found that FOXF1-AS1 and its antisense transcript FOXF1 expression were positively up-regulated in OS tissues and cell lines and correlated with poor prognosis of OS patients. Besides, FOXF1-AS1 as well as FOXF1 silencing significantly inhibited cell proliferation, migration, invasion of OS cells and tumor growth both in vitro and vivo through decreasing the expression of MMP2 and MMP9, whereas enhanced expression of FOXF1-AS1 had the opposite effects. In addition, mechanistically, both of FOXF1-AS1 and FOXF1 could regulate the expression of MMP2 and MMP9 at mRNA and protein levels, whereas FOXF1-AS1 could influence the FOXF1expression but FOXF1 did not have the same effect on FOXF1-AS1. Rescue assay further showed that FOXF1-AS1 overexpression efficiently reversed the knockdown of MMP2 and MMP9 expression induced by si-FOXF1. Thus, we concluded that FOXF1-AS1 may promote migration and invasion of OS cells through the FOXF1/MMP-2/-9 pathway. Taken together, these findings demonstrated the underlying mechanism of FOXF1-AS1 in the regulation of OS progression and provide a novel potential target in the OS therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhu Kun-Peng
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, PR China.,Institute of Bone Tumor Affiliated to Tongji University, School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, PR China
| | - Zhang Chun-Lin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, PR China.,Institute of Bone Tumor Affiliated to Tongji University, School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, PR China
| | - Ma Xiao-Long
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, PR China.,Institute of Bone Tumor Affiliated to Tongji University, School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, PR China
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49
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Wang J, Li W, Zhao Y, Kang D, Fu W, Zheng X, Pang X, Du G. Members of FOX family could be drug targets of cancers. Pharmacol Ther 2017; 181:183-196. [PMID: 28830838 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2017.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
FOX families play important roles in biological processes, including metabolism, development, differentiation, proliferation, apoptosis, migration, invasion and longevity. Here we are focusing on roles of FOX members in cancers, FOX members and drug resistance, FOX members and stem cells. Finally, FOX members as drug targets of cancer treatment were discussed. Future perspectives of FOXC1 research were described in the end.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhua Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, 100050 Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Drug Target Research and Drug Screen, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, 100050 Beijing, China
| | - Wan Li
- Key Laboratory of Drug Target Research and Drug Screen, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, 100050 Beijing, China
| | - Ying Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Drug Target Research and Drug Screen, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, 100050 Beijing, China
| | - De Kang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Target Research and Drug Screen, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, 100050 Beijing, China
| | - Weiqi Fu
- Key Laboratory of Drug Target Research and Drug Screen, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, 100050 Beijing, China
| | - Xiangjin Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Drug Target Research and Drug Screen, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, 100050 Beijing, China
| | - Xiaocong Pang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Target Research and Drug Screen, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, 100050 Beijing, China
| | - Guanhua Du
- The State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, 100050 Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Drug Target Research and Drug Screen, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, 100050 Beijing, China.
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50
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Tian Z, Wen S, Zhang Y, Shi X, Zhu Y, Xu Y, Lv H, Wang G. Identification of dysregulated long non-coding RNAs/microRNAs/mRNAs in TNM I stage lung adenocarcinoma. Oncotarget 2017; 8:51703-51718. [PMID: 28881680 PMCID: PMC5584281 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.18512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2016] [Accepted: 05/06/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is the primary subtype in lung cancer, which is the leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. This study aimed to investigate the aberrant expression profiling of long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) in TNM I stage (stage I) LUAD. The lncRNA/mRNA/miRNA expression profiling of stage I LUAD and adjacent non-tumor tissues from 4 patients were measured by RNA-sequencing. Total of 175 differentially expressed lncRNAs (DELs), 1321 differentially expressed mRNAs (DEMs) and 94 differentially expressed microRNAs (DEMIs) were identified in stage I LUAD. DEMI-DEM regulatory network consisted of 544 nodes and 1123 edge; miR-200 family members had high connectivity with DEMs. In DEL-DEM co-expression network, CDKN2B-AS1, FENDRR and LINC00312 had the high connectivity with DEMs, which co-expressed with 105, 63 and 61 DEMs, respectively. DEL-DEMI-DEM network depicted the links among DELs, DEMI and DEMs. Identified DEMs were significantly enriched in cell adhesion molecules, focal adhesion and tight junction of Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways; and enriched in cell adhesion, angiogenesis and regulation of cell proliferation of Gene Ontology biological processes. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction results were generally consistent with our bioinformatics analyses. LINC00312 and FENDRR had diagnostic value for LUAD patients in The Cancer Genome Atlas database. Our study might lay the foundation for illumination of pathogenesis of LUAD and identification of potential therapeutic targets and novel diagnosis biomarkers for LUAD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziqiang Tian
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Shiwang Wen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yuefeng Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xinqiang Shi
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yonggang Zhu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yanzhao Xu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Huilai Lv
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Guiying Wang
- The Second Department of Surgery, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
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