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Myong S, Nguyen AQ, Challa S. Biological Functions and Therapeutic Potential of NAD + Metabolism in Gynecological Cancers. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:3085. [PMID: 39272943 PMCID: PMC11394644 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16173085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2024] [Revised: 08/31/2024] [Accepted: 08/31/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) is an important cofactor for both metabolic and signaling pathways, with the dysregulation of NAD+ levels acting as a driver for diseases such as neurodegeneration, cancers, and metabolic diseases. NAD+ plays an essential role in regulating the growth and progression of cancers by controlling important cellular processes including metabolism, transcription, and translation. NAD+ regulates several metabolic pathways such as glycolysis, the citric acid (TCA) cycle, oxidative phosphorylation, and fatty acid oxidation by acting as a cofactor for redox reactions. Additionally, NAD+ acts as a cofactor for ADP-ribosyl transferases and sirtuins, as well as regulating cellular ADP-ribosylation and deacetylation levels, respectively. The cleavage of NAD+ by CD38-an NAD+ hydrolase expressed on immune cells-produces the immunosuppressive metabolite adenosine. As a result, metabolizing and maintaining NAD+ levels remain crucial for the function of various cells found in the tumor microenvironment, hence its critical role in tissue homeostasis. The NAD+ levels in cells are maintained by a balance between NAD+ biosynthesis and consumption, with synthesis being controlled by the Preiss-Handler, de novo, and NAD+ salvage pathways. The primary source of NAD+ synthesis in a variety of cell types is directed by the expression of the enzymes central to the three biosynthesis pathways. In this review, we describe the role of NAD+ metabolism and its synthesizing and consuming enzymes' control of cancer cell growth and immune responses in gynecologic cancers. Additionally, we review the ongoing efforts to therapeutically target the enzymes critical for NAD+ homeostasis in gynecologic cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subin Myong
- The University of Chicago Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Anh Quynh Nguyen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Sridevi Challa
- The University of Chicago Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
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2
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Kujawowicz K, Mirończuk-Chodakowska I, Witkowska AM. Sirtuin 1 as a potential biomarker of undernutrition in the elderly: a narrative review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2024; 64:9532-9553. [PMID: 37229564 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2023.2214208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Undernutrition and inflammatory processes are predictors of early mortality in the elderly and require a rapid and accurate diagnosis. Currently, there are laboratory markers for assessing nutritional status, but new markers are still being sought. Recent studies suggest that sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) has the potential to be a marker for undernutrition. This article summarizes available studies on the association of SIRT1 and undernutrition in older people. Possible associations between SIRT1 and the aging process, inflammation, and undernutrition in the elderly have been described. The literature suggests that low SIRT1 levels in the blood of older people may not be associated with physiological aging processes, but with an increased risk of severe undernutrition associated with inflammation and systemic metabolic changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Kujawowicz
- Department of Food Biotechnology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | | | - Anna Maria Witkowska
- Department of Food Biotechnology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
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3
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Fiorentino F, Fabbrizi E, Mai A, Rotili D. Activation and inhibition of sirtuins: From bench to bedside. Med Res Rev 2024. [PMID: 39215785 DOI: 10.1002/med.22076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2024] [Accepted: 08/04/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
The sirtuin family comprises seven NAD+-dependent enzymes which catalyze protein lysine deacylation and mono ADP-ribosylation. Sirtuins act as central regulators of genomic stability and gene expression and control key processes, including energetic metabolism, cell cycle, differentiation, apoptosis, and aging. As a result, all sirtuins play critical roles in cellular homeostasis and organism wellness, and their dysregulation has been linked to metabolic, cardiovascular, and neurological diseases. Furthermore, sirtuins have shown dichotomous roles in cancer, acting as context-dependent tumor suppressors or promoters. Given their central role in different cellular processes, sirtuins have attracted increasing research interest aimed at developing both activators and inhibitors. Indeed, sirtuin modulation may have therapeutic effects in many age-related diseases, including diabetes, cardiovascular and neurodegenerative disorders, and cancer. Moreover, isoform selective modulators may increase our knowledge of sirtuin biology and aid to develop better therapies. Through this review, we provide critical insights into sirtuin pharmacology and illustrate their enzymatic activities and biological functions. Furthermore, we outline the most relevant sirtuin modulators in terms of their modes of action, structure-activity relationships, pharmacological effects, and clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Fiorentino
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Emanuele Fabbrizi
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonello Mai
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- Pasteur Institute, Cenci-Bolognetti Foundation, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Dante Rotili
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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4
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Kamal S, Babar S, Ali W, Rehman K, Hussain A, Akash MSH. Sirtuin insights: bridging the gap between cellular processes and therapeutic applications. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2024:10.1007/s00210-024-03263-9. [PMID: 38976046 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-024-03263-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
The greatest challenges that organisms face today are effective responses or detection of life-threatening environmental changes due to an obvious semblance of stress and metabolic fluctuations. These are associated with different pathological conditions among which cancer is most important. Sirtuins (SIRTs; NAD+-dependent enzymes) are versatile enzymes with diverse substrate preferences, cellular locations, crucial for cellular processes and pathological conditions. This article describes in detail the distinct roles of SIRT isoforms, unveiling their potential as either cancer promoters or suppressors and also explores how both natural and synthetic compounds influence the SIRT function, indicating promise for therapeutic applications. We also discussed the inhibitors/activators tailored to specific SIRTs, holding potential for diseases lacking effective treatments. It may uncover the lesser-studied SIRT isoforms (e.g., SIRT6, SIRT7) and their unique functions. This article also offers a comprehensive overview of SIRTs, linking them to a spectrum of diseases and highlighting their potential for targeted therapies, combination approaches, disease management, and personalized medicine. We aim to contribute to a transformative era in healthcare and innovative treatments by unraveling the intricate functions of SIRTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shagufta Kamal
- Department of Biochemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Sharon Babar
- Department of Biochemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Waqas Ali
- Department of Biochemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Kanwal Rehman
- Department of Pharmacy, The Women University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Amjad Hussain
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Okara, Okara, Punjab, Pakistan
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5
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Shen H, Ma W, Hu Y, Liu Y, Song Y, Fu L, Qin Z. Mitochondrial Sirtuins in Cancer: A Revisited Review from Molecular Mechanisms to Therapeutic Strategies. Theranostics 2024; 14:2993-3013. [PMID: 38773972 PMCID: PMC11103492 DOI: 10.7150/thno.97320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The sirtuin (SIRT) family is well-known as a group of deacetylase enzymes that rely on nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+). Among them, mitochondrial SIRTs (SIRT3, SIRT4, and SIRT5) are deacetylases located in mitochondria that regulate the acetylation levels of several key proteins to maintain mitochondrial function and redox homeostasis. Mitochondrial SIRTs are reported to have the Janus role in tumorigenesis, either tumor suppressive or oncogenic functions. Although the multi-faceted roles of mitochondrial SIRTs with tumor-type specificity in tumorigenesis, their critical functions have aroused a rising interest in discovering some small-molecule compounds, including inhibitors and activators for cancer therapy. Herein, we describe the molecular structures of mitochondrial SIRTs, focusing on elucidating their regulatory mechanisms in carcinogenesis, and further discuss the recent advances in developing their targeted small-molecule compounds for cancer therapy. Together, these findings provide a comprehensive understanding of the crucial roles of mitochondrial SIRTs in cancer and potential new therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Shen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Breast Surgery, Department of Outpatient, and Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Wei Ma
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Breast Surgery, Department of Outpatient, and Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Yue Hu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Breast Surgery, Department of Outpatient, and Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Yuan Liu
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Biomimetic Synthesis of Natural Drugs, School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Yaowen Song
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Breast Surgery, Department of Outpatient, and Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Leilei Fu
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Biomimetic Synthesis of Natural Drugs, School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Zheng Qin
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Breast Surgery, Department of Outpatient, and Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
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6
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Wang Y, Ji Y, Sun L, Huang Z, Ye S, Xuan W. A Sirtuin-Dependent T7 RNA Polymerase Variant. ACS Synth Biol 2024; 13:54-60. [PMID: 38117980 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.3c00607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2023]
Abstract
Transcriptional regulation is of great significance for cells to maintain homeostasis and, meanwhile, represents an innovative but less explored means to control biological processes in synthetic biology and bioengineering. Herein we devised a T7 RNA polymerase (T7RNAP) variant through replacing an essential lysine located in the catalytic core (K631) with Nε-acetyl-l-lysine (AcK) via genetic code expansion. This T7RNAP variant requires the deacetylase activity of NAD-dependent sirtuins to recover its enzymatic activities and thereby sustains sirtuin-dependent transcription of the gene of interest in live cells including bacteria and mammalian cells as well as in in vitro systems. This T7RNAP variant could link gene transcription to sirtuin expression and NAD availability, thus holding promise to support some relevant research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongan Wang
- Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Function and Application of Biological Macromolecular Structures, School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Yanli Ji
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Lin Sun
- Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Function and Application of Biological Macromolecular Structures, School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Zhifen Huang
- Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Function and Application of Biological Macromolecular Structures, School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Sheng Ye
- Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Function and Application of Biological Macromolecular Structures, School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Weimin Xuan
- Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Function and Application of Biological Macromolecular Structures, School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
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7
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Yu Y, Zhang Y, Li Z, Dong Y, Huang H, Yang B, Zhao E, Chen Y, Yang L, Lu J, Qiu F. An EMT-related genes signature as a prognostic biomarker for patients with endometrial cancer. BMC Cancer 2023; 23:879. [PMID: 37723477 PMCID: PMC10506329 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-023-11358-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) plays an indispensable role in the development and progression of Endometrial cancer (EC). Nevertheless, little evidence is reported to uncover the functionality and application of EMT-related molecules in the prognosis of EC. This study aims to develop novel molecular markers for prognosis prediction in patients with EC. METHODS RNA sequencing profiles of EC patients obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database were used to screen differential expression genes (DEGs) between tumors and normal tissues. The Cox regression model with the LASSO method was utilized to identify survival-related DEGs and to establish a prognostic signature whose performance was evaluated by Kaplan-Meier curve, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) and calibration curve. Eventually, functional enrichment analysis and cellular experiments were performed to reveal the roles of prognosis-related genes in EC progression. RESULTS A total of 540 EMT-related DEGs in EC were screened, and subsequently a four-gene risk signature comprising SIRT2, SIX1, CDKN2A and PGR was established to predict overall survival of EC. This risk signature could serve as a meaningfully independent indicator for EC prognosis via multivariate Cox regression (HR = 2.002, 95%CI = 1.433-2.798; P < 0.001). The nomogram integrating the risk signature and clinical characteristics exhibited robust validity and performance at predicting EC overall survival indicated by ROC and calibration curve. Functional enrichment analysis revealed that the EMT-related genes risk signature was associated with extracellular matrix organization, mesenchymal development and cellular component morphogenesis, suggesting its possible relevance to epithelial-mesenchymal transition and cancer progression. Functionally, we demonstrated that the silencing of SIX1, SIRT2 and CDKN2A expression could accelerate the migratory and invasive capacities of tumor cells, whereas the downregulation of PGR dramatically inhibited cancer cells migration and invasion. CONCLUSIONS Altogether, a novel four-EMT-related genes signature was a potential biomarker for EC prognosis. These findings might help to ameliorate the individualized prognostication and therapeutic treatment of EC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonghui Yu
- State Key Lab of Respiratory Disease, Institute for Chemical Carcinogenesis, Collaborative Innovation Center for Environmental Toxicity, School of Public Health, Guangzhou Medical University, 1 Xinzao Road, Xinzao, Panyu District, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Yiwen Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhi Li
- State Key Lab of Respiratory Disease, Institute for Chemical Carcinogenesis, Collaborative Innovation Center for Environmental Toxicity, School of Public Health, Guangzhou Medical University, 1 Xinzao Road, Xinzao, Panyu District, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Yongshun Dong
- State Key Lab of Respiratory Disease, Institute for Chemical Carcinogenesis, Collaborative Innovation Center for Environmental Toxicity, School of Public Health, Guangzhou Medical University, 1 Xinzao Road, Xinzao, Panyu District, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Hongmei Huang
- State Key Lab of Respiratory Disease, Institute for Chemical Carcinogenesis, Collaborative Innovation Center for Environmental Toxicity, School of Public Health, Guangzhou Medical University, 1 Xinzao Road, Xinzao, Panyu District, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Binyao Yang
- Innovation Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Medicine, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Eryong Zhao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yongxiu Chen
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Guangdong Women's and Children's Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Lei Yang
- State Key Lab of Respiratory Disease, Institute for Chemical Carcinogenesis, Collaborative Innovation Center for Environmental Toxicity, School of Public Health, Guangzhou Medical University, 1 Xinzao Road, Xinzao, Panyu District, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Jiachun Lu
- State Key Lab of Respiratory Disease, Institute for Chemical Carcinogenesis, Collaborative Innovation Center for Environmental Toxicity, School of Public Health, Guangzhou Medical University, 1 Xinzao Road, Xinzao, Panyu District, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Fuman Qiu
- State Key Lab of Respiratory Disease, Institute for Chemical Carcinogenesis, Collaborative Innovation Center for Environmental Toxicity, School of Public Health, Guangzhou Medical University, 1 Xinzao Road, Xinzao, Panyu District, Guangzhou, 511436, China.
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Fabbrizi E, Fiorentino F, Carafa V, Altucci L, Mai A, Rotili D. Emerging Roles of SIRT5 in Metabolism, Cancer, and SARS-CoV-2 Infection. Cells 2023; 12:cells12060852. [PMID: 36980194 PMCID: PMC10047932 DOI: 10.3390/cells12060852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Sirtuin 5 (SIRT5) is a predominantly mitochondrial enzyme catalyzing the removal of glutaryl, succinyl, malonyl, and acetyl groups from lysine residues through a NAD+-dependent deacylase mechanism. SIRT5 is an important regulator of cellular homeostasis and modulates the activity of proteins involved in different metabolic pathways such as glycolysis, tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, fatty acid oxidation, electron transport chain, generation of ketone bodies, nitrogenous waste management, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) detoxification. SIRT5 controls a wide range of aspects of myocardial energy metabolism and plays critical roles in heart physiology and stress responses. Moreover, SIRT5 has a protective function in the context of neurodegenerative diseases, while it acts as a context-dependent tumor promoter or suppressor. In addition, current research has demonstrated that SIRT5 is implicated in the SARS-CoV-2 infection, although opposing conclusions have been drawn in different studies. Here, we review the current knowledge on SIRT5 molecular actions under both healthy and diseased settings, as well as its functional effects on metabolic targets. Finally, we revise the potential of SIRT5 as a therapeutic target and provide an overview of the currently reported SIRT5 modulators, which include both activators and inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuele Fabbrizi
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Fiorentino
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Carafa
- Department of Precision Medicine, Università degli Studi della Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy
- BIOGEM, 83031 Ariano Irpino, Italy
| | - Lucia Altucci
- Department of Precision Medicine, Università degli Studi della Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy
- BIOGEM, 83031 Ariano Irpino, Italy
- IEOS—Istituto per l’Endocrinologia e Oncologia Sperimentale, CNR, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Antonello Mai
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Pasteur Institute, Cenci-Bolognetti Foundation, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence: (A.M.); (D.R.); Tel.: +39-0649913392 (A.M.); +39-0649913237 (D.R.); Fax: +39-0649693268 (A.M.)
| | - Dante Rotili
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence: (A.M.); (D.R.); Tel.: +39-0649913392 (A.M.); +39-0649913237 (D.R.); Fax: +39-0649693268 (A.M.)
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9
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Role of SIRT5 in cancer. Friend or Foe? Biochimie 2023; 209:131-141. [PMID: 36813074 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2023.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is one of the main diseases currently afflicting mankind, being difficult to treat and generating thousands of deaths per year. As a result, researchers around the world are constantly searching for new therapeutic strategies to increase the survival rate of patients. In this regard, SIRT5 may be a promising therapeutic target due to its involvement in many metabolic pathways. Notably, SIRT5 has a dual role in the context of cancer, being able to act as a tumor suppressor in some types of cancer and behaving as an oncogene in others. Interestingly, the performance of SIRT5 is not specific and is highly dependent on the cellular context. As a tumor suppressor, SIRT5 prevents the Warburg effect, increases protection against ROS and reduces cell proliferation and metastasis, while as an oncogene it has the opposite effects as well as increasing resistance to chemotherapeutics and/or radiation. In this way, the aim of this work was to identify in which cancers SIRT5 has beneficial effects and in which deleterious ones based on their molecular characteristics. Furthermore, it was analyzed whether it is feasible to use this protein as a therapeutic target, either enhancing its activity or inhibiting it as appropriate.
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10
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Ziętara P, Dziewięcka M, Augustyniak M. Why Is Longevity Still a Scientific Mystery? Sirtuins-Past, Present and Future. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:728. [PMID: 36614171 PMCID: PMC9821238 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The sirtuin system consists of seven highly conserved regulatory enzymes responsible for metabolism, antioxidant protection, and cell cycle regulation. The great interest in sirtuins is associated with the potential impact on life extension. This article summarizes the latest research on the activity of sirtuins and their role in the aging process. The effects of compounds that modulate the activity of sirtuins were discussed, and in numerous studies, their effectiveness was demonstrated. Attention was paid to the role of a caloric restriction and the risks associated with the influence of careless sirtuin modulation on the organism. It has been shown that low modulators' bioavailability/retention time is a crucial problem for optimal regulation of the studied pathways. Therefore, a detailed understanding of the modulator structure and potential reactivity with sirtuins in silico studies should precede in vitro and in vivo experiments. The latest achievements in nanobiotechnology make it possible to create promising molecules, but many of them remain in the sphere of plans and concepts. It seems that solving the mystery of longevity will have to wait for new scientific discoveries.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Maria Augustyniak
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia in Katowice, ul. Bankowa 9, 40-007 Katowice, Poland
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11
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Onyiba CI, Scarlett CJ, Weidenhofer J. The Mechanistic Roles of Sirtuins in Breast and Prostate Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14205118. [PMID: 36291902 PMCID: PMC9600935 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14205118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary There are diverse reports of the dual role of sirtuin genes and proteins in breast and prostate cancers. This review discusses the current information on the tumor promotion or suppression roles of SIRT1–7 in breast and prostate cancers. Precisely, we highlight that sirtuins regulate various proteins implicated in proliferation, apoptosis, autophagy, chemoresistance, invasion, migration, and metastasis of both breast and prostate cancer. We also provide evidence of the direct regulation of sirtuins by miRNAs, highlighting the consequences of this regulation in breast and prostate cancer. Overall, this review reveals the potential value of sirtuins as biomarkers and/or targets for improved treatment of breast and prostate cancers. Abstract Mammalian sirtuins (SIRT1–7) are involved in a myriad of cellular processes, including apoptosis, proliferation, differentiation, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, aging, DNA repair, senescence, viability, survival, and stress response. In this review, we discuss the current information on the mechanistic roles of SIRT1–7 and their downstream effects (tumor promotion or suppression) in cancers of the breast and prostate. Specifically, we highlight the involvement of sirtuins in the regulation of various proteins implicated in proliferation, apoptosis, autophagy, chemoresistance, invasion, migration, and metastasis of breast and prostate cancer. Additionally, we highlight the available information regarding SIRT1–7 regulation by miRNAs, laying much emphasis on the consequences in the progression of breast and prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cosmos Ifeanyi Onyiba
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Ourimbah, NSW 2258, Australia
- Correspondence:
| | - Christopher J. Scarlett
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, College of Engineering, Science and Environment, University of Newcastle, Ourimbah, NSW 2258, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW 2305, Australia
| | - Judith Weidenhofer
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Ourimbah, NSW 2258, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW 2305, Australia
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12
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Sun R, Zhang Z, Bao R, Guo X, Gu Y, Yang W, Wei J, Chen X, Tong L, Meng J, Zhong C, Zhang C, Zhang J, Sun Y, Ling C, Tong X, Yu FX, Yu H, Qu W, Zhao B, Guo W, Qian M, Saiyin H, Liu Y, Liu RH, Xie C, Liu W, Xiong Y, Guan KL, Shi Y, Wang P, Ye D. Loss of SIRT5 promotes bile acid-induced immunosuppressive microenvironment and hepatocarcinogenesis. J Hepatol 2022; 77:453-466. [PMID: 35292350 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2022.02.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS The liver is a metabolically active organ and is also 'tolerogenic', exhibiting sophisticated mechanisms of immune regulation that prevent pathogen attacks and tumorigenesis. How metabolism impacts the tumor microenvironment (TME) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains understudied. METHODS We investigated the role of the metabolic regulator SIRT5 in HCC development by conducting metabolomic analysis, gene expression profiling, flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry analyses in oncogene-induced HCC mouse models and human HCC samples. RESULTS We show that SIRT5 is downregulated in human primary HCC samples and that Sirt5 deficiency in mice synergizes with oncogenes to increase bile acid (BA) production, via hypersuccinylation and increased BA biosynthesis in the peroxisomes of hepatocytes. BAs act as a signaling mediator to stimulate their nuclear receptor and promote M2-like macrophage polarization, creating an immunosuppressive TME that favors tumor-initiating cells (TICs). Accordingly, high serum levels of taurocholic acid correlate with low SIRT5 expression and increased M2-like tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) in HCC patient samples. Finally, administration of cholestyramine, a BA sequestrant and FDA-approved medication for hyperlipemia, reverses the effect of Sirt5 deficiency in promoting M2-like polarized TAMs and liver tumor growth. CONCLUSIONS This study uncovers a novel function of SIRT5 in orchestrating BA metabolism to prevent tumor immune evasion and suppress HCC development. Our results also suggest a potential strategy of using clinically proven BA sequestrants for the treatment of patients with HCC, especially those with decreased SIRT5 and abnormally high BAs. LAY SUMMARY Hepatocellular caricinoma (HCC) development is closely linked to metabolic dysregulation and an altered tumor microenvironment. Herein, we show that loss of the metabolic regulator Sirt5 promotes hepatocarcinogenesis, which is associated with abnormally elevated bile acids and subsequently an immunosuppressive microenvironment that favors HCC development. Targeting this mechanism could be a promising clinical strategy for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renqiang Sun
- Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism (Ministry of Science and Technology), and Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine (Ministry of Education), and Molecular and Cell Biology Lab, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Zhiyong Zhang
- Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism (Ministry of Science and Technology), and Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine (Ministry of Education), and Molecular and Cell Biology Lab, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Ruoxuan Bao
- Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism (Ministry of Science and Technology), and Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine (Ministry of Education), and Molecular and Cell Biology Lab, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Xiaozhen Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Yuan Gu
- Institute of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenjing Yang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jinsong Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Xinyu Chen
- Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism (Ministry of Science and Technology), and Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine (Ministry of Education), and Molecular and Cell Biology Lab, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Lingfeng Tong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Jian Meng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Chen Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism (Ministry of Science and Technology), and Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine (Ministry of Education), and Molecular and Cell Biology Lab, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jinye Zhang
- Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism (Ministry of Science and Technology), and Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine (Ministry of Education), and Molecular and Cell Biology Lab, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yiping Sun
- Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism (Ministry of Science and Technology), and Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine (Ministry of Education), and Molecular and Cell Biology Lab, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Chen Ling
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Xuemei Tong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Fa-Xing Yu
- Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism (Ministry of Science and Technology), and Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine (Ministry of Education), and Molecular and Cell Biology Lab, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China; Institute of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongxiu Yu
- Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism (Ministry of Science and Technology), and Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine (Ministry of Education), and Molecular and Cell Biology Lab, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China; Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200000, China
| | - Weifeng Qu
- Department of Liver Surgery, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Bing Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Wei Guo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Maoxiang Qian
- Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism (Ministry of Science and Technology), and Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine (Ministry of Education), and Molecular and Cell Biology Lab, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China; Institute of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hexige Saiyin
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Rong-Hua Liu
- Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism (Ministry of Science and Technology), and Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine (Ministry of Education), and Molecular and Cell Biology Lab, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Cen Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Weiren Liu
- Department of Liver Surgery, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yue Xiong
- Cullgen Inc., San Diego, CA 92139, USA
| | - Kun-Liang Guan
- Department of Pharmacology and Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Yinghong Shi
- Department of Liver Surgery, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Pu Wang
- Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism (Ministry of Science and Technology), and Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine (Ministry of Education), and Molecular and Cell Biology Lab, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China; Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200000, China.
| | - Dan Ye
- Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism (Ministry of Science and Technology), and Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine (Ministry of Education), and Molecular and Cell Biology Lab, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China; Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China.
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13
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He S, Jia Q, Zhou L, Wang Z, Li M. SIRT5 is involved in the proliferation and metastasis of breast cancer by promoting aerobic glycolysis. Pathol Res Pract 2022; 235:153943. [PMID: 35576836 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2022.153943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Breast cancer (BC) is the most commonly diagnosed cancer among females and has a poor prognosis, breast invasive ductal carcinoma is the most common histological type. The occurrence and development of BC is closely related to aberrant glucose metabolism. In the hyperglycemic environment caused by abnormal glucose metabolism, hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1α) enables tumor cells to absorb large amounts of glucose and enhance glycolysis by inducing the expression of glucose transporter type1 (GLUT1) and glycolysis genes, thus promoting tumor cell proliferation and metastasis. Mitochondrial Sirtuin5 (SIRT5) plays a role in the rewiring of glucose metabolism during the progression of cancers. Thus, we aimed to elucidate whether SIRT5 promotes BC proliferation and metastasis by facilitating aerobic glycolysis in BC. METHODS The expression of SIRT5 in breast carcinoma tissue and cells was evaluated using immunohistochemical staining, western blot and quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) analysis to confirm the biological role of SIRT5 in breast carcinoma. We established a stable cell line with SIRT5 knockdown using lentiviral transduction in T47D cells to reduce SIRT5 expression and then evaluated the effect of SIRT5 on cells cultured in the presence of high glucose (4500 mg/L) and normal glucose (2000 mg/L) concentrations. Cell proliferation was detected using the CCK-8 assay, the cell cycle and cell apoptosis were measured using flow cytometry and Annexin V staining, and cell migration was tested by performing Celigo scratch and Transwell assays. The expression of PKM2, HK2, mTOR and HIF-1α, which play roles in aerobic glycolysis, was investigated using western blot. RESULTS SIRT5 was overexpressed in BC tissues compared with paired normal tissues. Prognostic and OS analyses showed that the SIRT5 expression level was an individual prognostic factor for patients with BC. SIRT5 knockdown inhibited proliferation and metastasis and slightly increased apoptosis in T47D cells under high-glucose conditions. Furthermore, the downregulation of HK2 and HIF-1α caused by SIRT5 knockdown was a high glucose-dependent process, while the downregulation of PKM2 was mediated by a high glucose-independent process. CONCLUSIONS SIRT5 is an independent prognostic factor for BC and contributes to cell proliferation and metastasis in a high glucose-dependent manner to some degree, which might be mediated by promoting aerobic glycolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai He
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Pathology, Xijing Hospital and School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China; Department of Pathology, Baotou Medical College, Baotou, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
| | - Qingge Jia
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Xi'an International Medical Center Hospital, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Lei Zhou
- Laboratory of Pathogen and Immunology, Baotou Medical College, Baotou, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
| | - Zhe Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Pathology, Xijing Hospital and School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.
| | - Mingyang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Pathology, Xijing Hospital and School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.
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14
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Ul Haq MF, Kayani MA, Arshad T, Hadi Anwar RA, Saeed N, Shafique R, Abbasi SF, Ahmed MW, Mahjabeen I. Genetic interactions of mitochondrial sirtuins in brain tumorigenesis. Future Oncol 2022; 18:597-611. [PMID: 35034477 DOI: 10.2217/fon-2021-0264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: The present study was designed to understand the role of expression variations of mitochondrial imported sirtuins in brain tumorigenesis. The expression levels of mitochondrial imported sirtuins were further analyzed for biomarker potential. Methods: Samples from 200 brain tumors and 200 healthy control tissues were used for expression analysis using qPCR and for DNA damage using LORD-Q analysis. Results: Significant deregulation of SIRT3 (p = 0.002), SIRT4 (p = 0.03) and SIRT5 (p = 0.006) was observed in brain tumors versus controls. Co-expression analysis showed a significant correlation between the mitochondrial imported sirtuins versus apoptotic genes. LORD-Q analysis showed a significantly increased frequency of lesions/10 kb of mitochondrial imported sirtuins (p < 0.0001) in brain tumor tissue versus controls. Conclusion: The present study showed a correlation between variations of mitochondrial imported sirtuins and increased brain tumor risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Fazal Ul Haq
- Cancer Genetics & Epigenetics Research Group, Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Mahmood Akhtar Kayani
- Cancer Genetics & Epigenetics Research Group, Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Taaha Arshad
- Cancer Genetics & Epigenetics Research Group, Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Raja Abdul Hadi Anwar
- Cancer Genetics & Epigenetics Research Group, Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Nadia Saeed
- Cancer Genetics & Epigenetics Research Group, Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Rabia Shafique
- Cancer Genetics & Epigenetics Research Group, Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Sumaira Fidda Abbasi
- Cancer Genetics & Epigenetics Research Group, Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Malik Waqar Ahmed
- Cancer Genetics & Epigenetics Research Group, Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University, Islamabad, Pakistan.,Pakistan Institute of Rehabilitation Sciences (PIRS), Isra University Islamabad Campus, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Ishrat Mahjabeen
- Cancer Genetics & Epigenetics Research Group, Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University, Islamabad, Pakistan
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15
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Mahjabeen I, Rizwan M, Fareen G, Waqar Ahmed M, Farooq Khan A, Akhtar Kayani M. Mitochondrial sirtuins genetic variations and gastric cancer risk: Evidence from retrospective observational study. Gene 2022; 807:145951. [PMID: 34500051 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2021.145951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The purpose of the present study was to analyze the role of selected polymorphisms of SIRT3 and SIRT5 in gastric carcinogenesis. METHODS For this study, 500 blood samples of GC patients and 500 blood samples of healthy individuals were collected. Six selected polymorphisms of mitochondrial sirtuins were analyzed for analysis using Tetra-Arms PCR followed by DNA sequencing. RESULTS Mutant allele frequencies of selected polymorphisms [rs3782116 (p < 0.0001), rs6598072 (p < 0.0001) and rs11246020 (p < 0.0001), rs938222 (p = 0.0136), rs3757261 (p = 0.0005) and rs2841511 (p = 0.0015)] were observed significant higher in GC patients vs controls. Haplotype analysis was performed, and 51 haplotypes were generated using haploview software. Among these haplotypes, eleven haplotypes were found associated with a significantly increased risk of GC. Furthermore, SNP-SNP interaction showed a significant correlation between studied SNPs and GC risk. Kaplan Meier analysis showed that mutant allele frequencies of selected polymorphisms are linked with a significant decrease in survival of GC patients CONCLUSIONS: It can be concluded that selected SNPs may be associated with enhanced risk of GC and hence can be potential prognostic markers for prognosis and predisposition of GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ishrat Mahjabeen
- Cancer Genetics and Epigenetics Lab, Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Park Road Tarlai Kalan, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Rizwan
- Cancer Genetics and Epigenetics Lab, Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Park Road Tarlai Kalan, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Gul Fareen
- Cancer Genetics and Epigenetics Lab, Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Park Road Tarlai Kalan, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Malik Waqar Ahmed
- Cancer Genetics and Epigenetics Lab, Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Park Road Tarlai Kalan, Islamabad, Pakistan; Pakistan Institute of Rehabilitation Sciences (PIRS), Isra University Islamabad Campus, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Mahmood Akhtar Kayani
- Cancer Genetics and Epigenetics Lab, Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Park Road Tarlai Kalan, Islamabad, Pakistan.
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16
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Tang X, Wang J, Tao H, Yuan L, Du G, Ding Y, Xu K, Bai X, Li Y, Sun Y, Huang X, Zheng X, Li Q, Gong B, Zheng Y, Xu J, Xu X, Wang Z, Bo X, Lu M, Li H, Chen H. Regulatory patterns analysis of transcription factor binding site clustered regions and identification of key genes in endometrial cancer. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2022; 20:812-823. [PMID: 35222842 PMCID: PMC8844752 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2022.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Endometrial cancer (EC) is one of the three fatal tumors of the female reproductive system. Epigenetic alterations have been reported to be important in tumorigenesis, especially the chromatin accessibility changes and transcription factor binding differences. However, the regulatory mechanism underlying epigenetic alterations in EC development remains unclear. Here, we identified and characterized transcription factor binding site clustered regions (TFCRs) by integrating chromatin accessibility and transcription factor binding information. We totally identified 78,820 TFCRs and explored the relationship between TFCRs and regulatory elements, gene expression and mutation. Finally, we constructed a bioinformatic framework to identify candidate oncogenes and screened 13 candidate key genes, which may serve as potential diagnostic markers or therapeutic targets of EC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohan Tang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Junting Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Huan Tao
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Lin Yuan
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Guifang Du
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Yang Ding
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Kang Xu
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Xuemei Bai
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Yaru Li
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Yu Sun
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Xin Huang
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Xiushuang Zheng
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Qianqian Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Bowen Gong
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Yang Zheng
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Jingxuan Xu
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Xiang Xu
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Zhe Wang
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Xiaochen Bo
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Meisong Lu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
- Corresponding authors.
| | - Hao Li
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
- Corresponding authors.
| | - Hebing Chen
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
- Corresponding authors.
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17
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In focus in HCB. Histochem Cell Biol 2021; 154:117-122. [PMID: 32728939 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-020-01901-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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18
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Zoraiz K, Attique M, Shahbaz S, Ahmed MW, Kayani MA, Mahjabeen I. Deregulation of mitochondrial sirtuins and OGG1-2a acts as a prognostic and diagnostic biomarker in leukemia. Future Oncol 2021; 17:3561-3577. [PMID: 34189942 DOI: 10.2217/fon-2020-1155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: The present study was planned to explore the expression variations of mitochondrial sirtuins and the mitochondrial DNA repair enzyme OGG1-2a in leukemia patients. Oxidative stress and deacetylation levels of leukemia patients were measured in the present study. Methods: A total of 200 leukemia patients along with 200 healthy controls were evaluated using quantitative PCR, 8OXOG assay and deacetylation assay. Results: Significant deregulation of SIRT3 (p < 0.0001), SIRT4 (p < 0.0001), SIRT5 (p < 0.0001), Ki-67 (p < 0.0001) and OGG1-2a (p < 0.0001) was detected in patients versus controls. Survival analysis showed that deregulation of said genes was associated with decreased survival of leukemia patients (SIRT3: p < 0.004; SIRT4: p < 0.0009; SIRT5: p < 0.0001; OGG1-2a: p < 0.03). Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis confirmed the diagnostic values of selected genes in leukemia patients. Levels of 8OXOG adducts were measured, and significantly increased 8OXOG adduct levels were observed in patients versus controls. Conclusion: These data suggest that deregulation of SIRT3, SIRT4, SIRT5 and OGG1-2a acts as a diagnostic and prognostic marker in leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kinza Zoraiz
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Attique
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Malik Waqar Ahmed
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Ishrat Mahjabeen
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
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19
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Jaiswal A, Xudong Z, Zhenyu J, Saretzki G. Mitochondrial sirtuins in stem cells and cancer. FEBS J 2021; 289:3393-3415. [PMID: 33866670 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The mammalian sirtuin family consists of seven proteins, three of which (SIRT3, SIRT4, and SIRT5) localise specifically within mitochondria and preserve mitochondrial function and homeostasis. Mitochondrial sirtuins are involved in diverse functions such as deacetylation, ADP-ribosylation, demalonylation and desuccinylation, thus affecting various aspects of cell fate. Intriguingly, mitochondrial sirtuins are able to manage these delicate processes with accuracy mediated by crosstalk between the nucleus and mitochondria. Previous studies have provided ample information about their substrates and targets, whereas less is known about their role in cancer and stem cells. Here, we review and discuss recent advances in our understanding of the structural and functional properties of mitochondrial sirtuins, including their targets in cancer and stem cells. These advances could help to improve the understanding of their interplay with signalling cascades and pathways, leading to new avenues for developing novel drugs for sirtuin-related disease treatments. We also highlight the complex network of mitochondrial sirtuins in cancer and stem cells, which may be important in deciphering the molecular mechanism for their activation and inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Jaiswal
- Institute of Ageing Research, School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Faculty of Biological Sciences, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
| | - Zhu Xudong
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
| | - Ju Zhenyu
- Institute of Ageing Research, School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, Institute of Ageing and Regenerative Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Gabriele Saretzki
- Campus for Ageing and Vitality, Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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20
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Chen J, Chen H, Pan L. SIRT1 and gynecological malignancies (Review). Oncol Rep 2021; 45:43. [PMID: 33649834 PMCID: PMC7934219 DOI: 10.3892/or.2021.7994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1), a member of the sirtuin protein family, is a nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+)-dependent type III histone deacetylase and mono-ADP-ribosyltransferase. SIRT1 can deacetylate histones (H1, H3, and H4) and non-histone proteins, and it is widely involved in various physiological and pathological processes in the body, including metabolism, aging, transcription, DNA damage and repair, apoptosis, cell cycle regulation, inflammation and cancer. Research has shown that SIRT1 is involved in tumorigenesis, tumor metastasis and chemotherapy resistance, but it exerts opposing effects and plays different roles in different pathogenic processes. Recent studies have demonstrated that SIRT1 may be implicated in the pathogenesis, development, treatment and prognosis of tumors; however, its role in gynecological tumors remains elusive. The aim of the present review was to summarize the pathogenic roles of SIRT1 in cancer, and to provide what is, to the best of our knowledge, the first review of recent advances involving SIRT1 in cervical cancer, endometrial cancer (EC) and ovarian cancer (OC). In addition, the critical research gaps regarding SIRT1, particularly its potential involvement in the concurrence of EC and cervical cancer and its antagonistic effect against poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors in OC, were highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayu Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, P.R. China
| | - Houzao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, P.R. China
| | - Lingya Pan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, P.R. China
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Inoue F, Sone K, Toyohara Y, Takahashi Y, Kukita A, Hara A, Taguchi A, Tanikawa M, Tsuruga T, Osuga Y. Targeting Epigenetic Regulators for Endometrial Cancer Therapy: Its Molecular Biology and Potential Clinical Applications. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:2305. [PMID: 33669072 PMCID: PMC7956745 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Endometrial cancer is one of the most frequently diagnosed gynecological malignancies worldwide. However, its prognosis in advanced stages is poor, and there are only few available treatment options when it recurs. Epigenetic changes in gene function, such as DNA methylation, histone modification, and non-coding RNA, have been studied for the last two decades. Epigenetic dysregulation is often reported in the development and progression of various cancers. Recently, epigenetic changes in endometrial cancer have also been discussed. In this review, we give the main points of the role of DNA methylation and histone modification in endometrial cancer, the diagnostic tools to determine these modifications, and inhibitors targeting epigenetic regulators that are currently in preclinical studies and clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kenbun Sone
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan; (F.I.); (Y.T.); (Y.T.); (A.K.); (A.H.); (A.T.); (M.T.); (T.T.); (Y.O.)
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22
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Tang Y, He Y, Zhao N, Chen Y, Xing J, Tang N. Sirtuin2 correlates with lymph node metastasis, increased FIGO stage, worse overall survival, and reduced chemosensitivity to cisplatin and paclitaxel in endometrial cancer. Ir J Med Sci 2021; 191:147-154. [PMID: 33566315 DOI: 10.1007/s11845-021-02516-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to investigate the correlation of sirtuin2 (SIRT2) with clinical characteristics, prognosis in endometrial cancer (EC) patients, and its effect on chemosensitivity in EC cell lines. METHODS A total of 137 EC patients who underwent surgical resection were retrospectively enrolled. SIRT2 expression in tumor tissues (n = 137) and adjacent tissues (n = 61) was detected by immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining and evaluated by a semiquantitative scoring method. EC patients' clinical characteristics and survival data were collected. Besides, SIRT2 was modulated by plasmid transfection in EC cells, then their chemosensitivity to cisplatin and paclitaxel was evaluated. RESULTS SIRT2 was increased in tumor tissues compared with adjacent tissues (reflected by both IHC score and high-expression ratio, both P < 0.001). Meanwhile, tumor SIRT2 was positively correlated with lymph node metastasis (P = 0.037) and the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stage (P = 0.044), but not other clinical characteristics. Moreover, tumor SIRT2 high expression was correlated with worse overall survival (OS) (P = 0.023), while it could not independently predict OS (P = 0.090, hazard ratio = 2.782). Besides, both mRNA and protein levels of SIRT2 were increased in Ishikawa (P = 0.035) and KLE (P < 0.001) cells compared with human endometrial epithelial cells. SIRT2 overexpression decreased chemosensitivity to cisplatin and paclitaxel in Ishikawa cells, while SIRT2 knockdown increased chemosensitivity to cisplatin and paclitaxel in KLE cells (all P < 0.05). CONCLUSION SIRT2 correlates with lymph node metastasis, increased FIGO stage, worse OS, and reduced chemosensitivity to cisplatin and paclitaxel in EC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajuan Tang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, North China University of Science and Technology Affiliated Hospital, No. 73, Jianshe South Road, Tangshan, 063000, China.
| | - Yanfang He
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, North China University of Science and Technology Affiliated Hospital, No. 73, Jianshe South Road, Tangshan, 063000, China
| | - Nannan Zhao
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, North China University of Science and Technology Affiliated Hospital, No. 73, Jianshe South Road, Tangshan, 063000, China
| | - Yan Chen
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, North China University of Science and Technology Affiliated Hospital, No. 73, Jianshe South Road, Tangshan, 063000, China
| | - Jun Xing
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, North China University of Science and Technology Affiliated Hospital, No. 73, Jianshe South Road, Tangshan, 063000, China
| | - Ning Tang
- Department of Group Office, Tangshan People's Hospital, Tangshan, China
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Huang S, Li Y, Sheng G, Meng Q, Hu Q, Gao X, Shang Z, Lv Q. Sirtuin 1 promotes autophagy and proliferation of endometrial cancer cells by reducing acetylation level of LC3. Cell Biol Int 2021; 45:1050-1059. [PMID: 33438275 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Endometrial cancer (EC) constitutes a common female genital tract tumor with a rising incidence rate. Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) is a member of histone deacetylase, which extensively participates in the progression of aging, cell death, and tumorigenesis. This study explored the effect of SIRT1-mediated LC3 acetylation on autophagy and proliferation of EC cells. SIRT1 expression in EC tissues and adjacent tissues, EC cell lines and normal human epithelial cells was detected. SIRT1 expression was elevated in EC cell lines and tissues. Knockdown of SIRT1 inhibited proliferation, migration, and invasion of EC cells. Then, EC cells were starved in serum-free medium, and levels of autophagy-related proteins were detected. Starvation induced autophagy of EC cells. The starvation-treated EC cells showed an increased SIRT1 expression, a decreased LC3 acetylation level and an increased autophagy level. The proliferation and autophagy of EC cells under different treatments were evaluated. In EC cells transfected with overexpressing SIRT1, LC3 acetylation was inhibited and cell proliferation was promoted. Moreover, overexpressing SIRT1 facilitated growth and autophagy of transplanted tumors in nude mice. In conclusion, SIRT1 promoted autophagy and proliferation of EC cells by reducing acetylation level of LC3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Huang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ye Li
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Guihua Sheng
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qingwei Meng
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Hu
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xuexiao Gao
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiyuan Shang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qiubo Lv
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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Kratz EM, Kokot I, Dymicka-Piekarska V, Piwowar A. Sirtuins-The New Important Players in Women's Gynecological Health. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:84. [PMID: 33435147 PMCID: PMC7827899 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10010084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The participation of sirtuins in the regulation of oxidative stress and inflammation lies at the basis of their possible modes of action and is related to their expression in various cell structures; their location in the mitochondria and blood plasma has been indicated as of primary importance. Despite many existing studies, research on sirtuins continues to present an opportunity to discover new functions and dependencies, especially when it comes to women's gynecological health. Sirtuins have a significant role in both the formation and the course of many gynecological diseases. Their role is particularly important and well documented in the course of the development of cancer within the female reproductive organs; however, disturbances observed in the ovary and oocyte as well as in follicular fluid are also widely investigated. Additionally, sirtuins take part in some gynecological disturbances as regulative factors in pathways associated with insulin resistance, glucose and lipids metabolism disorders. In this review, we would like to summarize the existing knowledge about sirtuins in the manner outlined above.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Maria Kratz
- Department of Laboratory Diagnostics, Division of Laboratory Diagnostics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska Street 211A, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Izabela Kokot
- Department of Laboratory Diagnostics, Division of Laboratory Diagnostics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska Street 211A, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Violetta Dymicka-Piekarska
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Bialystok, Waszyngtona Street 15A, 15-269 Bialystok, Poland;
| | - Agnieszka Piwowar
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska Street 211, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland;
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Kratz EM, Sołkiewicz K, Kubis-Kubiak A, Piwowar A. Sirtuins as Important Factors in Pathological States and the Role of Their Molecular Activity Modulators. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22020630. [PMID: 33435263 PMCID: PMC7827102 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Sirtuins (SIRTs), enzymes from the family of NAD+-dependent histone deacetylases, play an important role in the functioning of the body at the cellular level and participate in many biochemical processes. The multi-directionality of SIRTs encourages scientists to undertake research aimed at understanding the mechanisms of their action and the influence that SIRTs have on the organism. At the same time, new substances are constantly being sought that can modulate the action of SIRTs. Extensive research on the expression of SIRTs in various pathological conditions suggests that regulation of their activity may have positive results in supporting the treatment of certain metabolic, neurodegenerative or cancer diseases or this connected with oxidative stress. Due to such a wide spectrum of activity, SIRTs may also be a prognostic markers of selected pathological conditions and prove helpful in assessing their progression, especially by modulating their activity. The article presents and discusses the activating or inhibiting impact of individual SIRTs modulators. The review also gathered selected currently available information on the expression of SIRTs in individual disease cases as well as the biological role that SIRTs play in the human organism, also in connection with oxidative stress condition, taking into account the progress of knowledge about SIRTs over the years, with particular reference to the latest research results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Maria Kratz
- Department of Laboratory Diagnostics, Division of Laboratory Diagnostics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-(71)-784-01-52
| | - Katarzyna Sołkiewicz
- Department of Laboratory Diagnostics, Division of Laboratory Diagnostics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Adriana Kubis-Kubiak
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland; (A.K.-K.); (A.P.)
| | - Agnieszka Piwowar
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland; (A.K.-K.); (A.P.)
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Palomba S, Piltonen TT, Giudice LC. Endometrial function in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a comprehensive review. Hum Reprod Update 2020; 27:584-618. [PMID: 33302299 DOI: 10.1093/humupd/dmaa051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common cause of anovulatory infertility. An endometrial component has been suggested to contribute to subfertility and poor reproductive outcomes in affected women. OBJECTIVE AND RATIONALE The aim of this review was to determine whether there is sufficient evidence to support that endometrial function is altered in women with PCOS, whether clinical features of PCOS affect the endometrium, and whether there are evidence-based interventions to improve endometrial dysfunction in PCOS women. SEARCH METHODS An extensive literature search was performed from 1970 up to July 2020 using PubMed and Web of Science without language restriction. The search included all titles and abstracts assessing a relationship between PCOS and endometrial function, the role played by clinical and biochemical/hormonal factors related to PCOS and endometrial function, and the potential interventions aimed to improve endometrial function in women with PCOS. All published papers were included if considered relevant. Studies having a specific topic/hypothesis regarding endometrial cancer/hyperplasia in women with PCOS were excluded from the analysis. OUTCOMES Experimental and clinical data suggest that the endometrium differs in women with PCOS when compared to healthy controls. Clinical characteristics related to the syndrome, alone and/or in combination, may contribute to dysregulation of endometrial expression of sex hormone receptors and co-receptors, increase endometrial insulin-resistance with impaired glucose transport and utilization, and result in chronic low-grade inflammation, immune dysfunction, altered uterine vascularity, abnormal endometrial gene expression and cellular abnormalities in women with PCOS. Among several interventions to improve endometrial function in women with PCOS, to date, only lifestyle modification, metformin and bariatric surgery have the highest scientific evidence for clinical benefit. WIDER IMPLICATIONS Endometrial dysfunction and abnormal trophoblast invasion and placentation in PCOS women can predispose to miscarriage and pregnancy complications. Thus, patients and their health care providers should advise about these risks. Although currently no intervention can be universally recommended to reverse endometrial dysfunction in PCOS women, lifestyle modifications and metformin may improve underlying endometrial dysfunction and pregnancy outcomes in obese and/or insulin resistant patients. Bariatric surgery has shown its efficacy in severely obese PCOS patients, but a careful evaluation of the benefit/risk ratio is warranted. Large scale randomized controlled clinical trials should address these possibilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Palomba
- Unit of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Grande Ospedale Metropolitano of Reggio Calabria, Reggio Calabria, Italy
| | - Terhi T Piltonen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, PEDEGO Research Unit, Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Linda C Giudice
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
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27
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Qian L, Miao L, Abba BSA, Lin Y, Jiang W, Chen S, Luo C, Liu B, Ge X. Molecular characterization and expression of sirtuin 2, sirtuin 3, and sirtuin 5 in the Wuchang bream (Megalobrama amblycephala) in response to acute temperature and ammonia nitrogen stress. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2020; 252:110520. [PMID: 33045325 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2020.110520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
This study sought to characterize sirtuin 2 (sirt2), sirtuin 3 (sirt3), and sirtuin 5 (sirt5) in Megalobrama amblycephala (M. amblycephala) by cloning the open reading frame (ORF) of sirt2, sirt3, and sirt5. The full-lengths of the resulting M. amblycephala sirt2, sirt3, and sirt5 cDNA sequences were 1845, 1534, and 1920 bp, respectively, with 92%, 98%, and 91% similarities to Danio rerio sequences. Based on our bioinformatic analyses and predictions, the sirt2 and sirt3 genes of M. amblycephala were classified within the Sir2 I family, whereas sirt5 belonged to the Sir2 III family. Furthermore, sirt2, sirt3, and sirt5 were widely distributed in different M. amblycephala tissues. Particularly, sirt2 and sirt5 were highly expressed in gills, intestines, and liver (P < 0.05), whereas sirt3 was highly expressed in gills, kidney, liver, and spleen (P < 0.05). A 2 × 2 factorial experiment was also conducted to analyze sirt2, sirt3, and sirt5 expression patterns in response to acute temperature (25 and 32 °C) and ammonia nitrogen (0 and 20 mg/L) stress. Notably, these two stressors were found to interactively affect sirt2, sirt3, and sirt5 expression patterns in M. amblycephala liver. At the higher water temperature (32 °C) and ammonia nitrogen concentration (20 mg/L) tested herein, sirt2, sirt3, and sirt5 had similar expression levels and exhibited a down-regulation trend at 6 and 48 h post-stress but became up-regulated thereafter to counteract the stressors at 96 h post-stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linjie Qian
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Linghong Miao
- KeyLaboratory for Genetic Breeding of Aquatic Animals and Aquaculture Biology, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center (FFRC), Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences (CAFS), Wuxi 214081, China
| | | | - Yan Lin
- KeyLaboratory for Genetic Breeding of Aquatic Animals and Aquaculture Biology, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center (FFRC), Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences (CAFS), Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Wenqiang Jiang
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Shiyou Chen
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Chenhao Luo
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Bo Liu
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi 214081, China; KeyLaboratory for Genetic Breeding of Aquatic Animals and Aquaculture Biology, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center (FFRC), Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences (CAFS), Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Xianping Ge
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi 214081, China; KeyLaboratory for Genetic Breeding of Aquatic Animals and Aquaculture Biology, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center (FFRC), Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences (CAFS), Wuxi 214081, China.
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Li XH, Li D, Liu C, Zhang MM, Guan XJ, Fu YP. p33ING1b regulates acetylation of p53 in oral squamous cell carcinoma via SIR2. Cancer Cell Int 2020; 20:398. [PMID: 32831651 PMCID: PMC7436958 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-020-01489-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), a form of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) has a poor 5-year survival rate. OSCC patients are often treated with cisplatin but resistance to chemotherapy is often observed. This makes it important identification of alternative therapeutic targets which will result in more favorable outcome in OSCC patients. The plant homeodomain (PHD)-containing protein Inhibitor of Growth family of tumor suppressor proteins (p33ING1b) has been indicated as a tumor suppressor in different cancers including OSCC. This protein has been shown to function by modulating transcriptional activity of p53; however, the exact mechanism(s) are not well defined. Methods Expression of total and acetylated p53 and p33ING1b protein was determined in OSCC cell lines YD-9, YD-8, and YD-38 by immunoblot analysis. Effect of modulation of p33ING1b protein expression on acetylation of p53 and cell proliferation was determined by immunoblot and MTT assay. Effect of modulation of p33ING1b protein expression on transactivation of p53 was assessed by heterologous promoter-based reporter and chromatin immunoprecipitation. Effect of modulation of expression of p33ING1b on SIR2 mRNA and protein was determined by quantitative real-time PCR and immunoblot analyses. Impact of modulation of p33ING1b alone or in combination with SIR2 on chemosensitivity of YD-9 and YD-8 cells to cisplatin was determined in time and dose-dependent cell proliferation assays. Results Here, using a panel of OSCC cell lines with wild type or mutant p53, we show that p33ING1b expression is correlated to acetylation of p53 at lysine 382 residue. Increased acetylation of p53 following overexpression of p33ING1b was associated with increased expression of the pro-apoptotic proteins BAX, p21, and cleaved-Caspase 3, and decreased cell proliferation. Reporter assays with p21 and BAX promoters showed that p33ING1b expression levels directly correlated to promoter activity of these 2 genes. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assay showed that transcriptional regulation of p21 and BAX by acetylated p53 is dependent on expression level of p33ING1b. Differential acetylation of p53 following modulation of p33ING1b expression was indirect. Expression of p33ING1b was found to be inversely correlated to the NAD-dependent deacetylase silent information regulator 2 (SIR2). SIR2 was transcriptionally regulated by p33ING1b. Relative expression of p33ING1b was found to dictate chemosensitivity of OSCC cell lines to cisplatin treatment. Concomitant overexpression of p33ING1b and knockdown of SIR2 had a synergistic effect on chemosensitivity of OSCC cell lines to cisplatin, compared to either overexpression of p33ING1b or knockdown of SIR2 alone. Conclusions The results from the current study thus elucidate that p33ING1b regulates p53 acetylation irrespective of p53 mutation and subsequent transactivation by transcriptional regulation of SIR2 expression. The results also indicate that p33ING1b and SIR2 are potentially attractive therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Han Li
- Department of Pathology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No 36 Sanhao Street, Shenyang, 110004 Liaoning China
| | - Dan Li
- Department of Pathology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No 36 Sanhao Street, Shenyang, 110004 Liaoning China
| | - Chang Liu
- Department of Pathology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No 36 Sanhao Street, Shenyang, 110004 Liaoning China
| | - Ming-Ming Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No 36 Sanhao Street, Shenyang, 110004 Liaoning China
| | - Xiao-Jiao Guan
- Department of Pathology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No 36 Sanhao Street, Shenyang, 110004 Liaoning China
| | - Ya-Ping Fu
- Department of Pathology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No 36 Sanhao Street, Shenyang, 110004 Liaoning China
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Gujral P, Mahajan V, Lissaman AC, Ponnampalam AP. Histone acetylation and the role of histone deacetylases in normal cyclic endometrium. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2020; 18:84. [PMID: 32791974 PMCID: PMC7425564 DOI: 10.1186/s12958-020-00637-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Histone acetylation is a critical epigenetic modification that changes chromatin architecture and regulates gene expression by opening or closing the chromatin structure. It plays an essential role in cell cycle progression and differentiation. The human endometrium goes through cycles of regeneration, proliferation, differentiation, and degradation each month; each phase requiring strict epigenetic regulation for the proper functioning of the endometrium. Aberrant histone acetylation and alterations in levels of two acetylation modulators - histone acetylases (HATs) and histone deacetylases (HDACs) - have been associated with endometrial pathologies such as endometrial cancer, implantation failures, and endometriosis. Thus, histone acetylation is likely to have an essential role in the regulation of endometrial remodelling throughout the menstrual cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Palak Gujral
- The Liggins Institute, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Vishakha Mahajan
- The Liggins Institute, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Abbey C Lissaman
- The Liggins Institute, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Anna P Ponnampalam
- The Liggins Institute, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand.
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Zhao L, Cao J, Hu K, He X, Yun D, Tong T, Han L. Sirtuins and their Biological Relevance in Aging and Age-Related Diseases. Aging Dis 2020; 11:927-945. [PMID: 32765955 PMCID: PMC7390530 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2019.0820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Sirtuins, initially described as histone deacetylases and gene silencers in yeast, are now known to have many more functions and to be much more abundant in living organisms. The increasing evidence of sirtuins in the field of ageing and age-related diseases indicates that they may provide novel targets for treating diseases associated with aging and perhaps extend human lifespan. Here, we summarize some of the recent discoveries in sirtuin biology that clearly implicate the functions of sirtuins in the regulation of aging and age-related diseases. Furthermore, human sirtuins are considered promising therapeutic targets for anti-aging and ageing-related diseases and have attracted interest in scientific communities to develop small molecule activators or drugs to ameliorate a wide range of ageing disorders. In this review, we also summarize the discovery and development status of sirtuin-targeted drug and further discuss the potential medical strategies of sirtuins in delaying aging and treating age-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Zhao
- 1Peking University Research Center on Aging, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing Key Laboratory of Protein Posttranslational Modifications and Cell Function, Beijing, China
| | - Jianzhong Cao
- 2Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Kexin Hu
- 1Peking University Research Center on Aging, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing Key Laboratory of Protein Posttranslational Modifications and Cell Function, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaodong He
- 2Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Dou Yun
- 1Peking University Research Center on Aging, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing Key Laboratory of Protein Posttranslational Modifications and Cell Function, Beijing, China
| | - Tanjun Tong
- 1Peking University Research Center on Aging, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing Key Laboratory of Protein Posttranslational Modifications and Cell Function, Beijing, China
| | - Limin Han
- 1Peking University Research Center on Aging, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing Key Laboratory of Protein Posttranslational Modifications and Cell Function, Beijing, China
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31
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Chen G, Huang P, Hu C. The role of SIRT2 in cancer: A novel therapeutic target. Int J Cancer 2020; 147:3297-3304. [PMID: 32449165 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.33118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Sirtuin 2 (SIRT2) belongs to the sirtuins family. It exists in many tissues and organs of the human body and regulates a wide range of biological functions. Studies have found that the abnormal expression of SIRT2 was associated with a variety of malignant tumors. SIRT2 possesses an important role in tumorigenesis, with both tumor-promoting and tumor-suppressing function. However, the mechanisms in which SIRT2 plays the roles in cancer are still controversial. This article reviews the role and molecular mechanism of SIRT2 in tumor evolution, and provides ideas for future research in this field, to guide the targeted therapy and drug development of related malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangyuan Chen
- The Second Clinical Medical School, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Peng Huang
- Center for Evidence-based Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Cong Hu
- The Second Clinical Medical School, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
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STAT3 Pathway in Gastric Cancer: Signaling, Therapeutic Targeting and Future Prospects. BIOLOGY 2020; 9:biology9060126. [PMID: 32545648 PMCID: PMC7345582 DOI: 10.3390/biology9060126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Molecular signaling pathways play a significant role in the regulation of biological mechanisms, and their abnormal expression can provide the conditions for cancer development. The signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) is a key member of the STAT proteins and its oncogene role in cancer has been shown. STAT3 is able to promote the proliferation and invasion of cancer cells and induces chemoresistance. Different downstream targets of STAT3 have been identified in cancer and it has also been shown that microRNA (miR), long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) and other molecular pathways are able to function as upstream mediators of STAT3 in cancer. In the present review, we focus on the role and regulation of STAT3 in gastric cancer (GC). miRs and lncRNAs are considered as potential upstream mediators of STAT3 and they are able to affect STAT3 expression in exerting their oncogene or onco-suppressor role in GC cells. Anti-tumor compounds suppress the STAT3 signaling pathway to restrict the proliferation and malignant behavior of GC cells. Other molecular pathways, such as sirtuin, stathmin and so on, can act as upstream mediators of STAT3 in GC. Notably, the components of the tumor microenvironment that are capable of targeting STAT3 in GC, such as fibroblasts and macrophages, are discussed in this review. Finally, we demonstrate that STAT3 can target oncogene factors to enhance the proliferation and metastasis of GC cells.
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Abstract
IMPACT STATEMENT NAD is a central metabolite connecting energy balance and organismal growth with genomic integrity and function. It is involved in the development of malignancy and has a regulatory role in the aging process. These processes are mediated by a diverse series of enzymes whose common focus is either NAD's biosynthesis or its utilization as a redox cofactor or enzyme substrate. These enzymes include dehydrogenases, cyclic ADP-ribose hydrolases, mono(ADP-ribosyl)transferases, poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases, and sirtuin deacetylases. This article describes the manifold pathways that comprise NAD metabolism and promotes an increased awareness of how perturbations in these systems may be important in disease prevention and/or progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Wr Kincaid
- Department of Nutrition, 12304Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.,151230Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, 12304Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Nathan A Berger
- 151230Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, 12304Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.,Department of Biochemistry, 12304Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.,Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, 12304Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.,Department of Medicine, 12304Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.,Center for Science, Health and Society, 12304Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
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Sirtuin1 expression and survival in endometrial and clear-cell uterine cancer. Histochem Cell Biol 2020; 154:189-195. [PMID: 32388637 PMCID: PMC7429549 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-020-01873-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Several risk factors like obesity and hyperlipidemia were described for endometrial cancer. Here, the nuclear NAD-dependent histone-deacetylase Sirtuin1 (SIRT1) seems to be important. SIRT1 is also involved in cell regulatory mechanisms and can serve as tumor promotor or suppressor. Its role in tumor biology is not clear yet. In this study, we evaluated and correlated the SIRT1 expression with patients’ tumor characteristics in endometrioid and clear-cell cancer of the uterus. 65 paraffin-embedded samples of patients with endometrial and clear-cell cancer of the uterus were immunohistochemically stained and SIRT1 expression was evaluated by immunoreactive score. The results were correlated to clinical and pathological tumor characteristics as well as to the expression of ARID1A and β-Catenin. The staining was significantly more intensive in uterine endometrioid carcinoma compared to uterine clear-cell carcinoma (p = 0.007). The expression of SIRT1 correlated significantly with the membranous expression of β-Catenin (p = 0.028) and ARID1A (p = 0.021). Patients with positive Sirtuin1 expression had a significantly better progression-free survival (p = 0.042), the overall survival showed a trend towards a better prognosis (p = 0.070). SIRT1 expression seems to be associated with improved progression-free survival in uterine cancer (endometrioid and clear-cell) and is correlated to the tumor suppressors β-Catenin and ARID1A. Further studies are necessary to elucidate the role of SIRT1 in uterine and ovarian cancer and its potential as a therapeutic target.
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Sirtuins' Deregulation in Bladder Cancer: SIRT7 Is Implicated in Tumor Progression through Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition Promotion. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12051066. [PMID: 32344886 PMCID: PMC7281198 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12051066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Sirtuins are emerging players in cancer biology and other age-related disorders, and their putative role in bladder cancer (BlCa) remains elusive. Further understanding of disease biology may allow for generation of more effective pathway-based biomarkers and targeted therapies. Herein, we aimed to illuminate the role of sirtuins’ family in BlCa and evaluate their potential as disease biomarkers and therapeutic targets. SIRT1-7 transcripts and protein levels were evaluated in a series of primary BlCa and normal bladder mucosa tissues. SIRT7 knockdown was performed through lentiviral transduction in MGHU3, 5637 and J82 cells and its functional role was assessed. SIRT1, 2, 4 and 5 expression levels were significantly lower in BlCa, whereas SIRT6 and 7 were overexpressed, and these results were corroborated by TCGA cohort analysis. SIRT7 transcript levels were significantly decreased in muscle-invasive vs. papillary BlCa. In vitro studies showed that SIRT7 downregulation promoted cells migration and invasion. Accordingly, increased EMT markers expression and decreased E-Cadherin (CDH1) was observed in those BlCa cells. Moreover, increased EZH2 expression and H3K27me3 deposition in E-Cadherin promoter was found in sh-SIRT7 cells. We demonstrated that sirtuins are globally deregulated in BlCa, and specifically SIRT7 downregulation is implicated in EMT, fostering BlCa invasiveness through EZH2-CDH1 axis.
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Tomaselli D, Steegborn C, Mai A, Rotili D. Sirt4: A Multifaceted Enzyme at the Crossroads of Mitochondrial Metabolism and Cancer. Front Oncol 2020; 10:474. [PMID: 32373514 PMCID: PMC7177044 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Sirtuins are NAD+-dependent deacylases that play crucial roles in the regulation of cellular metabolism, and as a result, are implicated in several diseases. The mitochondrial sirtuin Sirt4, for a long time considered as mainly a mono-ADP-ribosyltransferase, recently has shown a robust deacylase activity in addition to the already accepted substrate-dependent lipoamidase and deacetylase properties. Through these and likely other enzymatic and non-enzymatic activities, Sirt4 closely controls various metabolic events, and its dysregulation is linked to various aging-related disorders, including type 2 diabetes, cardiac hypertrophy, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, obesity, and cancer. For its capability to inhibit glutamine catabolism and for the modulation of genome stability in cancer cells in response to different DNA-damaging conditions, Sirt4 is proposed as either a mitochondrial tumor suppressor or a tumor-promoting protein in a context-dependent manner. In addition to what is already known about the roles of Sirt4 in different biological settings, further studies are certainly still needed in order to validate this enzyme as a new potential target for various aging diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Tomaselli
- Department of Chemistry and Technology of Drugs, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Clemens Steegborn
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Antonello Mai
- Department of Chemistry and Technology of Drugs, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Dante Rotili
- Department of Chemistry and Technology of Drugs, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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E3 Ubiquitin Ligase HRD1 Promotes Lung Tumorigenesis by Promoting Sirtuin 2 Ubiquitination and Degradation. Mol Cell Biol 2020; 40:MCB.00257-19. [PMID: 31932479 PMCID: PMC7076256 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00257-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The NAD-dependent histone deacetylase sirtuin 2 (SIRT2) plays critical roles in mitosis and cell cycle progression and recently was shown to suppress tumor growth and to be downregulated in several types of cancers. However, the underlying mechanism of SIRT2 downregulation remains unknown. In this study, using bioinformatics, gene expression profiling, protein overexpression approaches, and cell migration assays, we showed that E3 ubiquitin ligase 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase degradation 1 (HRD1) interacts with SIRT2 and promotes its ubiquitination and degradation. The NAD-dependent histone deacetylase sirtuin 2 (SIRT2) plays critical roles in mitosis and cell cycle progression and recently was shown to suppress tumor growth and to be downregulated in several types of cancers. However, the underlying mechanism of SIRT2 downregulation remains unknown. In this study, using bioinformatics, gene expression profiling, protein overexpression approaches, and cell migration assays, we showed that E3 ubiquitin ligase 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase degradation 1 (HRD1) interacts with SIRT2 and promotes its ubiquitination and degradation. Furthermore, we found that HRD1 deficiency induces SIRT2 upregulation and inhibits the growth and tumor formation of lung cancer cells both in vitro and in vivo. Of note, we observed that SIRT2 expression is downregulated in human lung cancer and also negatively correlates with HRD1 expression in these cancers. Additionally, we found that patients with lung adenocarcinoma having lower HRD1 or higher SIRT2 expression levels tend to survive longer. On the basis of these results, we propose a mechanism of lung tumorigenesis that involves HRD1-mediated downregulation of SIRT2 and suggest that interventions targeting HRD1 activity could be a potential therapeutic strategy to treat patients with lung cancer.
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Differential Expression of KRAS and SIRT1 in Ovarian Cancers with and Without Endometriosis. Reprod Sci 2020; 27:145-151. [PMID: 32046380 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-019-00017-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Accumulating research shows that ovarian cancer progression can be influenced by both gene mutations and endometriosis. However, the exact mechanism at hand is poorly understood. In the current study, we explored the expression of KRAS and SIRT1, two genes previously identified as altered in endometriosis and ovarian cancer. Human endometrial samples were obtained from regularly cycling women with endometriosis, ovarian cancer, and endometriosis-associated ovarian cancer between 18 and 50 of age undergoing hysterectomy, and immunohistochemical analyses were performed. The cytoplasmic expression of KRAS was low in eutopic endometrium from women without endometriosis or ovarian cancer; however, it was elevated in those who have been diagnosed with endometriosis, as well as ovarian cancer with or without the presence of endometriosis. Nuclear and cytoplasmic SIRT1 expression was also low within endometrium without either disease. However, nuclear SIRT1 expression was increased in those with endometriosis and ovarian cancer associated with endometriosis. Nuclear but not the cytoplasmic expression of SIRT1 correlated with KRAS expression in ovarian cancers associated with endometriosis. These results suggest roles of KRAS and SIRT1 in endometriosis and endometriosis-associated ovarian cancer. Cytoplasmic KRAS expression proves to be a key biomarker in both diseases, while nuclear SIRT1 may be a new biomarker specific to those with endometriosis and those with both endometriosis and ovarian cancer. Further research of these genes could aid in determining the pathogenesis of both diseases and help in clarifying the development of endometriosis-associated ovarian cancer.
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Ramadani-Muja J, Gottschalk B, Pfeil K, Burgstaller S, Rauter T, Bischof H, Waldeck-Weiermair M, Bugger H, Graier WF, Malli R. Visualization of Sirtuin 4 Distribution between Mitochondria and the Nucleus, Based on Bimolecular Fluorescence Self-Complementation. Cells 2019; 8:E1583. [PMID: 31817668 PMCID: PMC6953047 DOI: 10.3390/cells8121583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Revised: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial sirtuins (Sirts) control important cellular processes related to stress. Despite their regulatory importance, however, the dynamics and subcellular distributions of Sirts remain debatable. Here, we investigate the subcellular localization of sirtuin 4 (Sirt4), a sirtuin variant with a mitochondrial targeting sequence (MTS), by expressing Sirt4 fused to the superfolder green fluorescent protein (Sirt4-sfGFP) in HeLa and pancreatic β-cells. Super resolution fluorescence microscopy revealed the trapping of Sirt4-sfGFP to the outer mitochondrial membrane (OMM), possibly due to slow mitochondrial import kinetics. In many cells, Sirt4-sfGFP was also present within the cytosol and nucleus. Moreover, the expression of Sirt4-sfGFP induced mitochondrial swelling in HeLa cells. In order to bypass these effects, we applied the self-complementing split fluorescent protein (FP) technology and developed mito-STAR (mitochondrial sirtuin 4 tripartite abundance reporter), a tripartite probe for the visualization of Sirt4 distribution between mitochondria and the nucleus in single cells. The application of mito-STAR proved the importation of Sirt4 into the mitochondrial matrix and demonstrated its localization in the nucleus under mitochondrial stress conditions. Moreover, our findings highlight that the self-complementation of split FP is a powerful technique to study protein import efficiency in distinct cellular organelles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeta Ramadani-Muja
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Chair of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6/6, 8010 Graz, Austria; (J.R.-M.); (B.G.); (S.B.); (T.R.); (H.B.); (M.W.-W.); (W.F.G.)
| | - Benjamin Gottschalk
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Chair of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6/6, 8010 Graz, Austria; (J.R.-M.); (B.G.); (S.B.); (T.R.); (H.B.); (M.W.-W.); (W.F.G.)
| | - Katharina Pfeil
- Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; (K.P.); (H.B.)
| | - Sandra Burgstaller
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Chair of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6/6, 8010 Graz, Austria; (J.R.-M.); (B.G.); (S.B.); (T.R.); (H.B.); (M.W.-W.); (W.F.G.)
| | - Thomas Rauter
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Chair of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6/6, 8010 Graz, Austria; (J.R.-M.); (B.G.); (S.B.); (T.R.); (H.B.); (M.W.-W.); (W.F.G.)
| | - Helmut Bischof
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Chair of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6/6, 8010 Graz, Austria; (J.R.-M.); (B.G.); (S.B.); (T.R.); (H.B.); (M.W.-W.); (W.F.G.)
| | - Markus Waldeck-Weiermair
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Chair of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6/6, 8010 Graz, Austria; (J.R.-M.); (B.G.); (S.B.); (T.R.); (H.B.); (M.W.-W.); (W.F.G.)
| | - Heiko Bugger
- Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; (K.P.); (H.B.)
| | - Wolfgang F. Graier
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Chair of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6/6, 8010 Graz, Austria; (J.R.-M.); (B.G.); (S.B.); (T.R.); (H.B.); (M.W.-W.); (W.F.G.)
- BioTechMed Graz, Mozartgasse 12/II, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Roland Malli
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Chair of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6/6, 8010 Graz, Austria; (J.R.-M.); (B.G.); (S.B.); (T.R.); (H.B.); (M.W.-W.); (W.F.G.)
- BioTechMed Graz, Mozartgasse 12/II, 8010 Graz, Austria
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Sirtuins and SIRT6 in Carcinogenesis and in Diet. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20194945. [PMID: 31591350 PMCID: PMC6801518 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20194945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Sirtuins are a highly conserved family of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD)-dependent protein lysine modifying enzymes. They are key regulators for a wide variety of cellular and physiological processes such as cell proliferation, differentiation, DNA damage and stress response, genome stability, cell survival, metabolism, energy homeostasis, organ development and aging. Aging is one of the major risk factors of cancer, as many of the physiological mechanisms and pathologies associated with the aging process also contribute to tumor initiation, growth and/or metastasis. This review focuses on one the mammalian sirtuins, SIRT6, which has emerged as an important regulator of longevity and appears to have multiple biochemical functions that interfere with tumor development and may be useful in cancer prevention and for site-specific treatment. The recent evidence of the role of SIRT6 in carcinogenesis is also discussed, focusing on the potential use of SIRT6 modulators in cancer nanomedicine.
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Costa-Machado LF, Fernandez-Marcos PJ. The sirtuin family in cancer. Cell Cycle 2019; 18:2164-2196. [PMID: 31251117 PMCID: PMC6738532 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2019.1634953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Revised: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Sirtuins are a family of protein deacylases and ADP-ribosyl-transferases, homologs to the yeast SIR2 protein. Seven sirtuin paralogs have been described in mammals, with different subcellular locations, targets, enzymatic activities, and regulatory mechanisms. All sirtuins share NAD+ as substrate, placing them as central metabolic hubs with strong relevance in lifespan, metabolism, and cancer development. Much effort has been devoted to studying the roles of sirtuins in cancer, providing a wealth of data on sirtuins roles in mouse models and humans. Also, extensive data are available on the effects of pharmacological modulation of sirtuins in cancer development. Here, we present a comprehensive and organized resume of all the existing evidence linking every sirtuin with cancer development. From our analysis, we conclude that sirtuin modulation after tumor initiation results in unpredictable outcomes in most tumor types. On the contrary, all genetic and pharmacological models indicate that sirtuins activation prior to tumor initiation can constitute a powerful preventive strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Filipe Costa-Machado
- Metabolic Syndrome group - BIOPROMET, Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies - IMDEA Food, CEI UAM+CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pablo J. Fernandez-Marcos
- Metabolic Syndrome group - BIOPROMET, Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies - IMDEA Food, CEI UAM+CSIC, Madrid, Spain
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42
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Chen X, Xu Z, Zeng S, Wang X, Liu W, Qian L, Wei J, Yang X, Shen Q, Gong Z, Yan Y. SIRT5 downregulation is associated with poor prognosis in glioblastoma. Cancer Biomark 2019; 24:449-459. [PMID: 30909186 DOI: 10.3233/cbm-182197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Sirtuins (SIRT) are NAD+-dependent protein deacetylases that are involved in the regulation of cancer-associated pathways. However, the biological role of these deacetylases remains elusive in glioblastoma (GBM). Here, we evaluated the effects of 7 sirtuins regarding their occurrence and prognostic value for GBM. METHODS In this research, the effects of SIRT5 on the occurrence and prognosis of GBM were evaluated using integrative bioinformatics analyses. RESULTS Based on comprehensive analyses of data obtained from web-based bioinformatics platforms, the data demonstrate that only SIRT5 expression is statistically decreased in GBM tissues. The clinical relevance analysis shows that downregulation of SIRT5 is significantly correlated with a shorter survival time. Moreover, the expression levels of SIRT5 were confirmed to be negatively associated with DNA methylation status. In addition, a protein-protein interaction network was constructed to determine the relationship of genes coexpressed with SIRT5. Functional enrichment analysis revealed that SIRT5 was potentially involved in epithelial-mesenchymal transition and in regulating cell communications. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, our results indicate that SIRT5 acts as a potential suppresser during tumorigenesis, and suggest that SIRT5 may be a promising prognostic biomarker of GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China.,Institute for Rational and Safe Medication Practices, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Zhijie Xu
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Shuangshuang Zeng
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China.,Institute for Rational and Safe Medication Practices, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Xiang Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China.,Institute for Rational and Safe Medication Practices, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Wanli Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China.,Institute for Rational and Safe Medication Practices, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Long Qian
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China.,Institute for Rational and Safe Medication Practices, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Jie Wei
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China.,Institute for Rational and Safe Medication Practices, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Xue Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China.,Institute for Rational and Safe Medication Practices, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Qiuying Shen
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China.,Institute for Rational and Safe Medication Practices, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Zhicheng Gong
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China.,Institute for Rational and Safe Medication Practices, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Yuanliang Yan
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China.,Institute for Rational and Safe Medication Practices, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
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Sun X, Wang S, Gai J, Guan J, Li J, Li Y, Zhao J, Zhao C, Fu L, Li Q. SIRT5 Promotes Cisplatin Resistance in Ovarian Cancer by Suppressing DNA Damage in a ROS-Dependent Manner via Regulation of the Nrf2/HO-1 Pathway. Front Oncol 2019; 9:754. [PMID: 31456942 PMCID: PMC6700301 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Sirtuin 5 (SIRT5), a mitochondrial class III NAD-dependent deacetylase, plays controversial roles in tumorigenesis and chemoresistance. Accordingly, its role in ovarian cancer development and drug resistance is not fully understood. Here, we demonstrate that SIRT5 is increased in ovarian cancer tissues compared to its expression in normal tissues and this predicts a poor response to chemotherapy. SIRT5 levels were also found to be higher in cisplatin-resistant SKOV-3 and CAOV-3 ovarian cancer cells than in cisplatin-sensitive A2780 cells. Furthermore, this protein was revealed to facilitate ovarian cancer cell growth and cisplatin-resistance in vitro. Mechanistically, we show that SIRT5 contributes to cisplatin resistance in ovarian cancer by suppressing cisplatin-induced DNA damage in a reactive oxygen species (ROS)-dependent manner via regulation of the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)/heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodan Sun
- Department of Pathology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Shouhan Wang
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Jilin Province Cancer Hospital, Changchun, China
| | - Junda Gai
- Department of Pathology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jingqian Guan
- Department of Pathology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ji Li
- Department of Pathology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yizhuo Li
- Department of Pathology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jinming Zhao
- Department of Pathology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Chen Zhao
- Department of Pathology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Lin Fu
- Department of Pathology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Qingchang Li
- Department of Pathology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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Lee KM, Seo HW, Kwon MS, Han AR, Lee SK. SIRT1 negatively regulates invasive and angiogenic activities of the extravillous trophoblast. Am J Reprod Immunol 2019; 82:e13167. [PMID: 31295378 DOI: 10.1111/aji.13167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Revised: 06/08/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
PROBLEM Dysregulation of extravillous trophoblast (EVT) invasion leads to pregnancy complications, such as pre-eclampsia, fetal growth restriction, and placenta accreta. The aim of this study was to explore the role of SIRT1 in EVT invasion and its underlying mechanism. METHOD OF STUDY SIRT1-specific siRNA was transfected into Swan 71 cells, an immortalized first trimester trophoblast cell line. The Boyden chamber invasion assay, the scratch wound healing assay, and cell proliferation assay were performed. The expression levels of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers, matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2), MMP-9, p-Akt, Akt, p-p38MAPK, p38MAPK, p-ERK, ERK, p-JNK, JNK, Fas, and Fas ligand (FasL) were examined by western blot. Tube formation assay was conducted by using Matrigel. RESULTS SIRT1 knockdown by siRNA significantly enhanced invasion and migration as well as the expression of MMP-2, MMP-9, and EMT markers in Swan 71 cells, but reduced proliferation. The effects of SIRT1 knockdown on invasion, migration, proliferation, and endothelial-like tube formation in Swan 71 cells were reversely regulated by blockade of Akt and p38MAPK signaling. In addition, SIRT1 knockdown markedly promoted colocalization of Swan 71 cells to human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) networks and induced reduction in Fas and enhancement of FasL. Conditioned media of SIRT1 knockdown-Swan 71 cells caused reduction in cell proliferation and augmentation of cytotoxicity along with increased Fas expression in HUVECs. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that SIRT1 may be associated with placental development by controlling EVT invasion and spiral artery remodeling via modulation of EMT, MMP-2, MMP-9, Akt/p38MAPK signaling, and Fas/FasL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ki Mo Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, Konyang University Myunggok Medical Research Institute, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Hee Won Seo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, Konyang University Myunggok Medical Research Institute, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Myoung-Seung Kwon
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, Konyang University Myunggok Medical Research Institute, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Ae-Ra Han
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, Konyang University Myunggok Medical Research Institute, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Sung Ki Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, Konyang University Myunggok Medical Research Institute, Daejeon, Korea
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Van Sinderen M, Griffiths M, Menkhorst E, Niven K, Dimitriadis E. Restoration of microRNA-29c in type I endometrioid cancer reduced endometrial cancer cell growth. Oncol Lett 2019; 18:2684-2693. [PMID: 31404303 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2019.10588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Endometrial cancer is the most common gynaecological cancer worldwide, and the prognosis of patients with advanced disease remains poor. MicroRNAs (miRs) are dysregulated in endometrial cancer. miRs-29-a, -b and -c expression levels are downregulated in endometrial cancer; however, a specific role for miR-29c and its target genes remain to be elucidated. The aim of the present study was to determine the functional effect of restoring miR-29c expression in endometrial cancer cell lines and to identify miR-29c targets involved in cancer progression. miR-29c expression in human endometrial tumour grades 1-3 and benign tissue as well as in the endometrial cancer cell lines Ishikawa, HEC1A and AN3CA were analysed using reverse transcriptase-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). The cell lines were transfected with miR-29c mimic, miR-29c inhibitor or scrambled control. xCELLigence real-time cell monitoring analysed proliferation and migration, and flow cytometry was used to analyse apoptosis and cell cycle. The expression of miR-29c target genes in transfected cell lines was analysed using RT-qPCR. miR-29c was downregulated in grade 1-3 endometrial cancer samples compared with benign endometrium. miR-29c was reduced in Ishikawa and AN3CA cells, but not in HEC1A cell lines compared with non-cancerous primary human endometrial epithelial cells. Overexpression of miR-29c variably reduced proliferation, increased apoptosis and reduced the expression levels of miR-29c target genes, including cell division cycle 42, HMG-box transcription factor 1, integrin subunit β 1, MCL1 apoptosis regulator BCL2 family member, MDM2 proto-oncogene, serum/glucocorticoid regulated kinase 1, sirtuin 1 and vascular endothelial growth factor A, across the three cell lines investigated. Inhibition of miR-29c in HEC1A cells increased proliferation and collagen type IV α 1 chain expression. The re-introduction of miR-29c to endometrial cancer cell lines reduced proliferation, increased apoptosis and reduced miR-29c target gene expression in vitro. The present results suggested that miR-29c may be a potential therapeutic target for endometrial cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Van Sinderen
- Embryo Implantation Laboratory, Centre for Reproductive Health, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria 3186, Australia.,Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Meaghan Griffiths
- Embryo Implantation Laboratory, Centre for Reproductive Health, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria 3186, Australia.,Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia.,Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Ellen Menkhorst
- Embryo Implantation Laboratory, Centre for Reproductive Health, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria 3186, Australia.,Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The University of Melbourne, The Royal Women's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Keith Niven
- FlowCore, Technology Research Platforms, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Evdokia Dimitriadis
- Embryo Implantation Laboratory, Centre for Reproductive Health, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria 3186, Australia.,Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia.,Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The University of Melbourne, The Royal Women's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
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Lu X, Yang P, Zhao X, Jiang M, Hu S, Ouyang Y, Zeng L, Wu J. OGDH mediates the inhibition of SIRT5 on cell proliferation and migration of gastric cancer. Exp Cell Res 2019; 382:111483. [PMID: 31247190 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2019.06.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Revised: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
SIRT5 has a wide range of functions in different cellular processes such as glycolysis, TCA cycle and antioxidant defense, which mediates lysine desuccinylation, deglutarylation and demalonylation. Recent evidences have implicated that SIRT5 is a potential suppressor of gastric cancer (GC). However, the underlying mechanism of SIRT5 in gastric cancer is still unclear. Here, we show that SIRT5 expression is significantly decreased in human GC tissues. Functional analysis demonstrates that SIRT5 inhibits cell growth in vitro and in vivo, arrests the cell cycle in G1/S transition, and suppresses migration and invasion of GC cells via regulating epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. Mechanistically, we demonstrate that there is the direct interaction between SIRT5 and 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase (OGDH), and desuccinylation of OGDH by SIRT5 inhibits the activity of OGDH complex. Further studies of the relationship between SIRT5 and OGDH show OGDH inhibition by succinyl phosphonate (SP) or siRNA suppresses the increase in cell growth and migration induced by SIRT5 deletion. Moreover, SIRT5 decreases mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm), ATP products and increases the ROS levels and NADP/NADPH ratio in GC cells through the inhibition of OGDH complex activity. Therefore, SIRT5 suppresses GC cell growth and migration through desuccinylating OGDH and inhibiting OGDH complex activity to disturb mitochondrial functions and redox status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Lu
- Biomedical-information Engineering Laboratory of State Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, School of Life and Science Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 28 Xian Ning Western Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, China
| | - Pengfei Yang
- Biomedical-information Engineering Laboratory of State Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, School of Life and Science Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 28 Xian Ning Western Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, China
| | - Xinrui Zhao
- Biomedical-information Engineering Laboratory of State Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, School of Life and Science Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 28 Xian Ning Western Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, China
| | - Mingzu Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
| | - Sijun Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
| | - Yanan Ouyang
- Biomedical-information Engineering Laboratory of State Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, School of Life and Science Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 28 Xian Ning Western Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, China
| | - Li Zeng
- Biomedical-information Engineering Laboratory of State Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, School of Life and Science Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 28 Xian Ning Western Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, China
| | - Jing Wu
- Biomedical-information Engineering Laboratory of State Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, School of Life and Science Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 28 Xian Ning Western Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, China.
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Betsinger CN, Cristea IM. Mitochondrial Function, Metabolic Regulation, and Human Disease Viewed through the Prism of Sirtuin 4 (SIRT4) Functions. J Proteome Res 2019; 18:1929-1938. [PMID: 30913880 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.9b00086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
As cellular metabolic hubs, mitochondria are the main energy producers for the cell. These organelles host essential energy producing biochemical processes, including the TCA cycle, fatty acid oxidation, and oxidative phosphorylation. An accumulating body of literature has demonstrated that a majority of mitochondrial proteins are decorated with diverse posttranslational modifications (PTMs). Given the critical roles of these proteins in cellular metabolic pathways and response to environmental stress or pathogens, understanding the role of PTMs in regulating their functions has become an area of intense investigation. A major family of enzymes that regulate PTMs within the mitochondria are sirtuins (SIRTs). Albeit until recently the least understood sirtuin, SIRT4 has emerged as an enzyme capable of removing diverse PTMs from its substrates, thereby modulating their functions. SIRT4 was shown to have ADP-ribosyltransferase, deacetylase, lipoamidase, and deacylase enzymatic activities. As metabolic dysfunction is linked to human disease, SIRT4 levels and activities have been implicated in modulating susceptibility to hyperinsulinemia and diabetes, liver disease, cancer, neurodegeneration, heart disease, aging, and pathogenic infections. Therefore, SIRT4 has emerged as a possible candidate for targeted therapeutics. Here, we discuss the diverse enzymatic activities and substrates of SIRT4 and its roles in human health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cora N Betsinger
- Department of Molecular Biology , Princeton University , Princeton , New Jersey 08544 , United States
| | - Ileana M Cristea
- Department of Molecular Biology , Princeton University , Princeton , New Jersey 08544 , United States
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Zhang S, Yang Y, Huang S, Deng C, Zhou S, Yang J, Cao Y, Xu L, Yuan Y, Yang J, Chen G, Zhou L, Lv Y, Wang L, Zou X. SIRT1 inhibits gastric cancer proliferation and metastasis via STAT3/MMP‐13 signaling. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:15395-15406. [PMID: 30710340 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shu Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology Nanjing University Medical School Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital Nanjing China
- Jiangsu Clinical Medical Center of Digestive Disease Nanjing China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology Nanjing University Medical School Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital Nanjing China
- Jiangsu Clinical Medical Center of Digestive Disease Nanjing China
| | - Shuling Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology Nanjing University Medical School Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital Nanjing China
- Jiangsu Clinical Medical Center of Digestive Disease Nanjing China
| | - Chao Deng
- Department of Gastroenterology Nanjing University Medical School Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital Nanjing China
- Jiangsu Clinical Medical Center of Digestive Disease Nanjing China
| | - Siqi Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Drum Tower Clinical Medical College Nanjing China
| | - Jie Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Drum Tower Clinical Medical College Nanjing China
| | - Yu Cao
- Department of Gastroenterology Nanjing University Medical School Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital Nanjing China
- Jiangsu Clinical Medical Center of Digestive Disease Nanjing China
| | - Lei Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Drum Tower Clinical Medical College Nanjing China
| | - Yue Yuan
- Department of Gastroenterology Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Drum Tower Clinical Medical College Nanjing China
| | - Jun Yang
- Department of Pathology Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated Medical School of Nanjing University Nanjing China
| | - Guangxia Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology First People's Hospital of Xuzhou Xuzhou China
| | - Lin Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology Nanjing University Medical School Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital Nanjing China
- Jiangsu Clinical Medical Center of Digestive Disease Nanjing China
| | - Ying Lv
- Department of Gastroenterology Nanjing University Medical School Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital Nanjing China
- Jiangsu Clinical Medical Center of Digestive Disease Nanjing China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology Nanjing University Medical School Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital Nanjing China
- Jiangsu Clinical Medical Center of Digestive Disease Nanjing China
| | - Xiaoping Zou
- Department of Gastroenterology Nanjing University Medical School Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital Nanjing China
- Jiangsu Clinical Medical Center of Digestive Disease Nanjing China
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49
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Tekin L, Edgunlu T, Celik SK. Lack of association between sirtuin gene variants and endometrial cancer. Meta Gene 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mgene.2018.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
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50
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Chen L, Wang H, Gao F, Zhang J, Zhang Y, Ma R, Pang S, Cui Y, Yang J, Yan B. Functional genetic variants in the SIRT5 gene promoter in acute myocardial infarction. Gene 2018; 675:233-239. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2018.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2018] [Revised: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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