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Shin Y, Kim S, Liang G, An W. MMP-9-dependent proteolysis of the histone H3 N-terminal tail: a critical epigenetic step in driving oncogenic transcription and colon tumorigenesis. Mol Oncol 2024; 18:2001-2019. [PMID: 38600695 PMCID: PMC11306514 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.13652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) is a member of the MMP family and has been recently identified as a nuclear protease capable of clipping histone H3 N-terminal tails (H3NT). This MMP-9-dependent H3NT proteolysis is critical for establishing an active state of gene transcription during osteoclast differentiation and melanoma development. However, whether H3NT cleavage by MMP-9 plays a similar role in other cellular events has not been explored. Here, we dissect the functional contribution of MMP-9-dependent H3NT clipping to colonic tumorigenesis by using a combination of genome-wide transcriptome data, ChIP/ChIPac-qPCR, CRISPR/dCas9 gene-targeting system, and in vivo xenograft models. We show that MMP-9 is overexpressed in colon cancer cells and catalyzes H3NT proteolysis to drive transcriptional activation of growth stimulatory genes. Our studies using knockdown and inhibition approaches clearly indicate that MMP-9 mediates transcriptional activation and promotes colonic tumorigenesis in a manner dependent on its protease activity toward H3NT. Remarkably, artificial H3NT proteolysis at target gene promoters with dCAS9-MMP-9 is sufficient for establishing their transcriptional competence in colon cancer cells, underscoring the importance of MMP-9-dependent H3NT proteolysis per se in the transactivation process. Our data establish new functions and mechanisms for MMP-9 in driving the oncogenic transcription program in colon cancer through H3NT proteolysis, and demonstrate how this epigenetic pathway can be exploited as a potential therapeutic target for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonghwan Shin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Norris Comprehensive Cancer CenterUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCAUSA
| | - Sungmin Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Norris Comprehensive Cancer CenterUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCAUSA
| | - Gangning Liang
- Department of Urology, Norris Comprehensive Cancer CenterUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCAUSA
| | - Woojin An
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Norris Comprehensive Cancer CenterUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCAUSA
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2
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Peng S, Yin Y, Zhang Y, Zhu F, Yang G, Fu Y. FYN/TOPK/HSPB1 axis facilitates the proliferation and metastasis of gastric cancer. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2023; 42:80. [PMID: 37016377 PMCID: PMC10071617 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-023-02652-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND FYN is a nonreceptor tyrosine kinase that regulates diverse pathological processes. The pro-cancer role of FYN in multiple malignancies has been elucidated. However, the mechanisms that FYN promotes gastric cancer (GC) progression remain largely unknown. METHODS In vitro and in vivo assays were used to investigate the function of FYN. FYN, TOPK, p-TOPK expression in GC specimens were detected by immunohistochemistry. Phosphoproteomics assays identify TOPK downstream substrate molecules. The molecular mechanism was determined using COIP assays, pull-down assays, immunofluorescence co-localization assays, western blotting, 32p-labeled isotope radioautography assays, vitro kinase assays, and TOPK knockout mice. RESULTS FYN was found to be significantly upregulated in GC tissues as well as in GC cells. Knockdown of FYN expression markedly attenuated the malignant phenotype of GC cells in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, we identified TOPK/PBK as a novel downstream substrate of FYN, FYN directly phosphorylates TOPK at Y272. One phosphospecific antibodies against Y272 was developed to validate the phosphorylation of TOPK by FYN. Moreover, the TOPK-272F mutation impaired the interaction between TOPK and FYN, leading to disappeared TOPK phosphorylation. Consistently, human GC tissues displayed increased p-TOPK(Y272), which correlated with poor survival. Phosphoproteomics results showed a significant downregulation of both HSPB1 and p-HSPB1(ser15) in TOPK-knockdown cells, which was confirmed by TOPK-konckout mice. CONCLUSIONS FYN directly binds to TOPK in GC cells and phosphorylates TOPK at the Y272, which leads to proliferation and metastasis of GC. FYN-TOPK axis facilitates GC progression by phosphorylating HSPB1. Collectively, our study elucidates the pivotal role of the FYN-TOPK-HSPB1 cascade in GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- SanFei Peng
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou, University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - YuHan Yin
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou, University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - YiZheng Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou, University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Feng Zhu
- Cancer Research Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541000, Guangxi, China
| | - Ge Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China.
| | - Yang Fu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou, University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China.
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3
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Wang H, Zhu X, Zhao Y, Zang Y, Zhang J, Kang Y, Yang Z, Lin P, Zhang L, Zhang S. Markov State Models Underlying the N-Terminal Premodel of TOPK/PBK. J Phys Chem B 2022; 126:10662-10671. [PMID: 36512332 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.2c06559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Lymphokine-activated killer T-cell-originated protein kinase (TOPK) is a potential target for cancer therapy. To explore the micromechanism, we proposed the N-terminal premodel (NTPM) of the TOPK monomer via homology modeling and molecular dynamic simulations and analyzed the conformational dynamics by Markov state model analysis. The electronegative insert (ENI) motif of the NTPM can be opened with a small probability under wild type, regulated by the so-called "N-C" interaction zone consisting of the N-terminal head, the coil between β3-strand and αC-helix, and the ENI motif. Glutamate substitution at threonine residue 9 or tyrosine residue 74 promotes the closed-open transition, revealing the details of phosphorylation. Allosteric effects induce functionally relevant structural changes, such as increased structural flexibility and active sites, which are thought to be necessary for further activation or binding. These findings provide rational structural templates for designing state-dependent inhibitors and give insight into the molecular regulatory mechanisms of TOPK monomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, School of Physics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an710049, China
| | - Xun Zhu
- MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, School of Physics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an710049, China
| | - Yizhen Zhao
- MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, School of Physics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an710049, China
| | - Yongjian Zang
- MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, School of Physics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an710049, China
| | - Jianwen Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, School of Physics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an710049, China
| | - Ying Kang
- MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, School of Physics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an710049, China
| | - Zhiwei Yang
- MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, School of Physics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an710049, China
| | - Peng Lin
- National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine & Department of Cell Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an710032, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, School of Physics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an710049, China
| | - Shengli Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, School of Physics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an710049, China
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4
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Inhibiting ALK-TOPK signaling pathway promotes cell apoptosis of ALK-positive NSCLC. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:828. [PMID: 36167821 PMCID: PMC9515217 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-05260-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
T-LAK cell-oriented protein kinase (TOPK) is a potential therapeutic target in tumors. However, its role in anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK)-positive non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has not been reported. Here, we found that TOPK was highly expressed in ALK-positive NSCLC. Additionally, ALK was identified as another upstream kinase of TOPK by in vitro kinase assay screening. Then, it was proven that ALK phosphorylated TOPK at Y74 in vitro and ex vivo, and the pathways downstream of ALK-TOPK were explored by phosphoproteomic analysis. Subsequently, we demonstrated that inhibiting TOPK enhanced tumor sensitivity to alectinib (an ALK inhibitor). The combination of alectinib and HI-032 (a TOPK inhibitor) suppressed the growth and promoted the apoptosis of ALK-positive NSCLC cells ex vivo and in vivo. Our findings reveal a novel ALK-TOPK signaling pathway in ALK-positive NSCLC. The combination of alectinib and HI-032 might be a promising therapeutic strategy for improving the sensitivity of ALK-positive NSCLC to targeted therapy.
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Wang K, Wei J, Ma J, Jia Q, Liu Y, Chai J, Xu J, Xu T, Zhao D, Wang Y, Yan Q, Guo S, Guo X, Zhu F, Fan L, Li M, Wang Z. Phosphorylation of PBK/TOPK Tyr74 by JAK2 promotes Burkitt lymphoma tumor growth. Cancer Lett 2022; 544:215812. [PMID: 35780928 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2022.215812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Burkitt lymphoma (BL), which is characterized by high invasiveness, is a subgroup of non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Although BL is regarded as a highly curable disease, especially for children, some patients unfortunately still do not respond adequately. The understanding of the etiology and molecular mechanisms of BL is still limited, and targeted therapies are still lacking. Here, we found that T-LAK cell-derived protein kinase (TOPK) and phosphorylated Janus kinase 2 (p-JAK2) are highly expressed in the tissues of BL patients. We report that TOPK directly binds to and is phosphorylated at Tyr74 by JAK2. Histone H3, one of the downstream targets of TOPK, is also phosphorylated in vivo and in vitro. Furthermore, we report that the phosphorylation of TOPK at Tyr74 by JAK2 plays a vital role in the proliferation of BL cells and promotes BL tumorigenesis in vivo. Phosphorylation of TOPK at Tyr74 by JAK2 enhances the stability of TOPK. Collectively, our results suggest that the JAK2/TOPK/histone H3 axis plays a key role in the proliferation of BL cells and BL tumorigenesis in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaijing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Pathology, Xijing Hospital and School of Basic Medicine, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jie Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Pathology, Xijing Hospital and School of Basic Medicine, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jing Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Pathology, Xijing Hospital and School of Basic Medicine, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Qingge Jia
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Xi'an International Medical Center Hospital, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yixiong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Pathology, Xijing Hospital and School of Basic Medicine, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jia Chai
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Pathology, Xijing Hospital and School of Basic Medicine, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Junpeng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Pathology, Xijing Hospital and School of Basic Medicine, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Tianqi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Pathology, Xijing Hospital and School of Basic Medicine, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Danhui Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Pathology, Xijing Hospital and School of Basic Medicine, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yingmei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Pathology, Xijing Hospital and School of Basic Medicine, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Qingguo Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Pathology, Xijing Hospital and School of Basic Medicine, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Shuangping Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Pathology, Xijing Hospital and School of Basic Medicine, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xinjian Guo
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University, Xining City, Qinghai Province, China
| | - Feng Zhu
- Cancer Research Institute, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Linni Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Pathology, Xijing Hospital and School of Basic Medicine, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China.
| | - Mingyang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Pathology, Xijing Hospital and School of Basic Medicine, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China.
| | - Zhe Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Pathology, Xijing Hospital and School of Basic Medicine, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China.
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6
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Sun H, Zheng J, Xiao J, Yue J, Shi Z, Xuan Z, Chen C, Zhao Y, Tang W, Ye S, Li J, Deng Q, Zhang L, Zhu F, Shao C. TOPK/PBK is phosphorylated by ERK2 at serine 32, promotes tumorigenesis and is involved in sorafenib resistance in RCC. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:450. [PMID: 35546143 PMCID: PMC9095598 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-04909-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2021] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
TOPK/PBK (T-LAK Cell-Originated Protein Kinase) is a serine/threonine kinase that is highly expressed in a variety of human tumors and is associated with poor prognosis in many types of human malignancies. Its activation mechanism is not yet fully understood. A bidirectional signal transduced between TOPK and ERK2 (extracellular signal-regulated kinase 2) has been reported, with ERK2 able to phosphorylate TOPK at the Thr9 residue. However, mutated TOPK at Thr9 cannot repress cellular transformation. In the present study, Ser32 was revealed to be a novel phosphorylated site on TOPK that could be activated by ERK2. Phospho-TOPK (S32) was found to be involved in the resistance of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) to sorafenib. Herein, combined a TOPK inhibitor with sorafenib could promoted the apoptosis of sorafenib-resistant RCC. High expression of HGF/c-met contributes to activation of p-TOPK (S32) during the development of sorafenib resistance in RCC. The current research presents a possible mechanism of sorafenib resistance in RCC and identifies a potential diagnostic marker for predicting sorafenib resistance in RCC, providing a valuable supplement for the clinically targeted treatment of advanced RCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Sun
- Central Laboratory, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, Fujian, China
- The Key Laboratory for Endocrine-Related Cancer precision Medicine of Xiamen, Xiamen, 361102, Fujian, China
| | - Jianzhong Zheng
- School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, Fujian, China
- Department of Urology, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, Fujian, China
| | - Juanjuan Xiao
- Cancer Research Institute, the Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541001, Guangxi, China
- Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Novel Onco-Kinases in Target Therapy, the Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541001, Guangxi, China
| | - Juntao Yue
- Department of Urology, 985th hospital of PLA, Taiyuan, 030002, Shanxi, China
| | - Zhiyuan Shi
- School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, Fujian, China
- Department of Urology, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, Fujian, China
| | - Zuodong Xuan
- School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, Fujian, China
- Department of Urology, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, Fujian, China
| | - Chen Chen
- School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, Fujian, China
- Department of Urology, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, Fujian, China
| | - Yue Zhao
- School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, Fujian, China
- Department of Urology, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, Fujian, China
| | - Wenbin Tang
- School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, Fujian, China
- Department of Urology, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, Fujian, China
| | - Shaopei Ye
- School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, Fujian, China
- Department of Urology, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, Fujian, China
| | - Jinxin Li
- School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, Fujian, China
- Department of Urology, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, Fujian, China
| | - Qiumin Deng
- The Key Laboratory for Endocrine-Related Cancer precision Medicine of Xiamen, Xiamen, 361102, Fujian, China
- School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, Fujian, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Public healthy, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, Fujian, China
| | - Feng Zhu
- Cancer Research Institute, the Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541001, Guangxi, China.
- Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Novel Onco-Kinases in Target Therapy, the Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541001, Guangxi, China.
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine in Liver Injury and Repair, the Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541001, Guangxi, China.
| | - Chen Shao
- Department of Urology, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, Fujian, China.
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7
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The role of T-LAK cell-originated protein kinase in targeted cancer therapy. Mol Cell Biochem 2022; 477:759-769. [PMID: 35037144 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-021-04329-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Targeted therapy has gradually become the first-line clinical tumor therapy due to its high specificity and low rate of side effects. TOPK (T-LAK cell-originated protein kinase), a MAP kinase, is highly expressed in various tumor tissues, while it is rarely expressed in normal tissues, with the exceptions of testicular germ cells and some fetal tissues. It can promote cancer cell proliferation and migration and is also related to drug resistance. Therefore, TOPK is considered a good therapeutic target. Moreover, a number of studies have shown that targeting TOPK can inhibit the proliferation of cancer cells and promote their apoptosis. Here, we discussed the biological functions of TOPK in cancer and summarized its tumor-related signaling network and known TOPK inhibitors. Finally, the role of TOPK in targeted cancer therapy was concluded, and future research directions for TOPK were assessed.
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8
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Zaib S, Rana N, Khan I. Histone modifications and their role in epigenetics of cancer. Curr Med Chem 2021; 29:2399-2411. [PMID: 34749606 DOI: 10.2174/0929867328666211108105214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Epigenetic regulations play a crucial role in the expression of various genes that are important in the normal cell function. Any alteration in these epigenetic mechanisms can lead to the modification of histone and DNA resulting in the silencing or enhanced expression of some genes causing various diseases. Acetylation, methylation, ribosylation or phosphorylation of histone proteins modifies its interaction with the DNA, consequently changing the ratio of heterochromatin and euchromatin. Terminal lysine residues of histone proteins serve as potential targets of such epigenetic modifications. The current review focuses on the histone modifications, their contributing factors, role of these modifications on metabolism leading to cancer and methylation of histone in cancer affects the DNA repair mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumera Zaib
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Central Punjab, Lahore-54590. Pakistan
| | - Nehal Rana
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Central Punjab, Lahore-54590. Pakistan
| | - Imtiaz Khan
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN. United Kingdom
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9
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TOPK: A new predictor of the therapeutic response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy and prognosis in triple-negative breast cancer. Pathol Res Pract 2021; 226:153603. [PMID: 34500374 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2021.153603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) has a high probability of relapse and poor overall survival. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) is currently a routine treatment strategy for TNBC, but some patients do not respond well. T-LAK cell-originated protein kinase (TOPK) is highly expressed in breast cancer cells and contributes to cancer cell proliferation. The present study aimed to investigate the correlation of TOPK expression with NACT treatment response and prognosis in TNBC. METHODS We collected 66 pairs of TNBC samples before and after NACT with docetaxel+ epirubicin+ cyclophosphamide (TEC). The Miller-Payne (MP) system was used to assess the therapeutic response to NACT in TNBC patients. RESULTS Immunohistochemistry analysis showed that TNBC patients with high TOPK expression before NACT had a poor treatment response and a poor prognosis. The expression of TOPK after NACT was significantly higher than that before NACT in patients with MP grade 1-3. In contrast, patients with MP grade 4-5 had significantly lower TOPK expression after NACT than before NACT, and the expression change in Ki-67 in patients with MP grade 4-5 exhibited the same trend. Survival analysis revealed that patients with TNBC accompanied by elevated TOPK expression before NACT had a worse prognosis than those with lower TOPK expression. CONCLUSION TOPK may be a novel predictor for the therapeutic response to NACT and prognosis for patients with TNBC.
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Ghate NB, Kim S, Spiller E, Kim S, Shin Y, Rhie SK, Smbatyan G, Lenz HJ, Mumenthaler SM, An W. VprBP directs epigenetic gene silencing through histone H2A phosphorylation in colon cancer. Mol Oncol 2021; 15:2801-2817. [PMID: 34312968 PMCID: PMC8486565 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.13068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Histone modification is aberrantly regulated in cancer and generates an unbalanced state of gene transcription. VprBP, a recently identified kinase, phosphorylates histone H2A on threonine 120 (T120) and is involved in oncogenic transcriptional dysregulation; however, its specific role in colon cancer is undefined. Here, we show that VprBP is overexpressed in colon cancer and directly contributes to epigenetic gene silencing and cancer pathogenesis. Mechanistically, the observed function of VprBP is mediated through H2AT120 phosphorylation (H2AT120p)‐driven transcriptional repression of growth regulatory genes, resulting in a significantly higher proliferative capacity of colon cancer cells. Our preclinical studies using organoid and xenograft models demonstrate that treatment with the VprBP inhibitor B32B3 impairs colonic tumor growth by blocking H2AT120p and reactivating a transcriptional program resembling that of normal cells. Collectively, our work describes VprBP as a master kinase contributing to the development and progression of colon cancer, making it a new molecular target for novel therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikhil Baban Ghate
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sangnam Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Erin Spiller
- Lawrence J. Ellison Institute for Transformative Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sungmin Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Yonghwan Shin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Suhn K Rhie
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Goar Smbatyan
- Division of Medical Oncology, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Heinz-Josef Lenz
- Division of Medical Oncology, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Shannon M Mumenthaler
- Lawrence J. Ellison Institute for Transformative Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Woojin An
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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11
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Huang H, Lee MH, Liu K, Dong Z, Ryoo Z, Kim MO. PBK/TOPK: An Effective Drug Target with Diverse Therapeutic Potential. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13092232. [PMID: 34066486 PMCID: PMC8124186 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13092232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Cancer is a major public health problem worldwide, and addressing its morbidity, mortality, and prevalence is the first step towards appropriate control measures. Over the past several decades, many pharmacologists have worked to identify anti-cancer targets and drug development strategies. Within this timeframe, many natural compounds have been developed to inhibit cancer growth by targeting kinases, such as AKT, AURKA, and TOPK. Kinase assays and computer modeling are considered to be effective and powerful tools for target screening, as they can predict physical interactions between small molecules and their bio-molecular targets. In the present review, we summarize the inhibitors and compounds that target TOPK and describe its role in cancer progression. The extensive body of research that has investigated the contribution of TOPK to cancer suggests that it may be a promising target for cancer therapy. Abstract T-lymphokine-activated killer cell-originated protein kinase (TOPK, also known as PDZ-binding kinase or PBK) plays a crucial role in cell cycle regulation and mitotic progression. Abnormal overexpression or activation of TOPK has been observed in many cancers, including colorectal cancer, triple-negative breast cancer, and melanoma, and it is associated with increased development, dissemination, and poor clinical outcomes and prognosis in cancer. Moreover, TOPK phosphorylates p38, JNK, ERK, and AKT, which are involved in many cellular functions, and participates in the activation of multiple signaling pathways related to MAPK, PI3K/PTEN/AKT, and NOTCH1; thus, the direct or indirect interactions of TOPK make it a highly attractive yet elusive target for cancer therapy. Small molecule inhibitors targeting TOPK have shown great therapeutic potential in the treatment of cancer both in vitro and in vivo, even in combination with chemotherapy or radiotherapy. Therefore, targeting TOPK could be an important approach for cancer prevention and therapy. Thus, the purpose of the present review was to consider and analyze the role of TOPK as a drug target in cancer therapy and describe the recent findings related to its role in tumor development. Moreover, this review provides an overview of the current progress in the discovery and development of TOPK inhibitors, considering future clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai Huang
- Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, ITRD, Kyungpook National University, Sangju 37224, Korea;
- China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou 450008, China; (K.L.); (Z.D.)
| | - Mee-Hyun Lee
- College of Korean Medicine, Dongshin University, Naju, Jeollanamdo 58245, Korea;
| | - Kangdong Liu
- China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou 450008, China; (K.L.); (Z.D.)
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, The Academy of Medical Science, College of Medical, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Zigang Dong
- China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou 450008, China; (K.L.); (Z.D.)
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, The Academy of Medical Science, College of Medical, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Zeayoung Ryoo
- School of Life Science, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
- Correspondence: (Z.R.); (M.O.K.); Tel.: +82-54-530-1234 (M.O.K.)
| | - Myoung Ok Kim
- Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, ITRD, Kyungpook National University, Sangju 37224, Korea;
- China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou 450008, China; (K.L.); (Z.D.)
- Correspondence: (Z.R.); (M.O.K.); Tel.: +82-54-530-1234 (M.O.K.)
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12
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PBK/TOPK: A Therapeutic Target Worthy of Attention. Cells 2021; 10:cells10020371. [PMID: 33670114 PMCID: PMC7916869 DOI: 10.3390/cells10020371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence supports the role of PDZ-binding kinase (PBK)/T-lymphokine-activated killer-cell-originated protein kinase (TOPK) in mitosis and cell-cycle progression of mitotically active cells, especially proliferative malignant cells. PBK/TOPK was confirmed to be associated with the development, progression, and metastasis of malignancies. Therefore, it is a potential therapeutic target in cancer therapy. Many studies have been conducted to explore the clinical applicability of potent PBK/TOPK inhibitors. However, PBK/TOPK has also been shown to be overexpressed in normal proliferative cells, including sperm and neural precursor cells in the subventricular zone of the adult brain, as well as under pathological conditions, such as ischemic tissues, including the heart, brain, and kidney, and plays important roles in their physiological functions, including proliferation and self-renewal. Thus, more research is warranted to further our understanding of PBK/TOPK inhibitors before we can consider their applicability in clinical practice. In this study, we first review the findings, general features, and signaling mechanisms involved in the regulation of mitosis and cell cycle. We then review the functions of PBK/TOPK in pathological conditions, including tumors and ischemic conditions in the heart, brain, and kidney. Finally, we summarize the advances in potent and selective inhibitors and describe the potential use of PBK/TOPK inhibitors in clinical settings.
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13
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Jin W. Regulation of Src Family Kinases during Colorectal Cancer Development and Its Clinical Implications. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12051339. [PMID: 32456226 PMCID: PMC7281431 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12051339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Src family kinases (SFKs) are non-receptor kinases that play a critical role in the pathogenesis of colorectal cancer (CRC). The expression and activity of SFKs are upregulated in patients with CRC. Activation of SFKs promotes CRC cell proliferation, metastases to other organs and chemoresistance, as well as the formation of cancer stem cells (CSCs). The enhanced expression level of Src is associated with decreased survival in patients with CRC. Src-mediated regulation of CRC progression involves various membrane receptors, modulators, and suppressors, which regulate Src activation and its downstream targets through various mechanisms. This review provides an overview of the current understanding of the correlations between Src and CRC progression, with a special focus on cancer cell proliferation, invasion, metastasis and chemoresistance, and formation of CSCs. Additionally, this review discusses preclinical and clinical strategies to improve the therapeutic efficacy of drugs targeting Src for treating patients with CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wook Jin
- Laboratory of Molecular Disease and Cell Regulation, Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 406-840, Korea
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14
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Zhao R, Choi BY, Wei L, Fredimoses M, Yin F, Fu X, Chen H, Liu K, Kundu JK, Dong Z, Lee MH. Acetylshikonin suppressed growth of colorectal tumour tissue and cells by inhibiting the intracellular kinase, T-lymphokine-activated killer cell-originated protein kinase. Br J Pharmacol 2020; 177:2303-2319. [PMID: 31985814 PMCID: PMC7174886 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Revised: 12/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Overexpression or aberrant activation of the T-lymphokine-activated killer cell-originated protein kinase (TOPK) promotes gene expression and growth of solid tumours, implying that TOPK would be a rational target in developing novel anticancer drugs. Acetylshikonin, a diterpenoid compound isolated from Lithospermum erythrorhizon root, exerts a range of biological activities. Here we have investigated whether acetylshikonin, by acting as an inhibitor of TOPK, can attenuate the proliferation of colorectal cancer cells and the growth of patient-derived tumours, in vitro and in vivo. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Targets of acetylshikonin, were identified using kinase profiling analysis, kinetic/binding assay, and computational docking analysis and knock-down techniques. Effects of acetylshikonin on colorectal cancer growth and the underlying mechanisms were evaluated in cell proliferation assays, propidium iodide and annexin-V staining analyses and western blots. Patient-derived tumour xenografts in mice (PDX) and immunohistochemistry were used to assess anti-tumour effects of acetylshikonin. KEY RESULTS Acetylshikonin directly inhibited TOPK activity, interacting with the ATP-binding pocket of TOPK. Acetylshikonin suppressed cell proliferation by inducing cell cycle arrest at the G1 phase, stimulated apoptosis, and increased the expression of apoptotic biomarkers in colorectal cancer cell lines. Mechanistically, acetylshikonin diminished the phosphorylation and activation of TOPK signalling. Furthermore, acetylshikonin decreased the volume of PDX tumours and reduced the expression of TOPK signalling pathway in xenograft tumours. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS Acetylshikonin suppressed growth of colorectal cancer cells by attenuating TOPK signalling. Targeted inhibition of TOPK by acetylshikonin might be a promising new approach to the treatment of colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Zhao
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Bu Young Choi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science and Engineering, School of Convergence Bioscience and Technology, Seowon University, Chungbuk, South Korea
| | - Lixiao Wei
- China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, China
| | | | - Fanxiang Yin
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaorong Fu
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hanyong Chen
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, Minnesota
| | - Kangdong Liu
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, China.,The Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Cancer Chemoprevention, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Joydeb Kumar Kundu
- Li Ka Shing Applied Virology Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Zigang Dong
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Mee-Hyun Lee
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, China.,The Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Cancer Chemoprevention, Zhengzhou, China
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15
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Targeting the COX2/MET/TOPK signaling axis induces apoptosis in gefitinib-resistant NSCLC cells. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:777. [PMID: 31611604 PMCID: PMC6791885 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-2020-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Revised: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
MET overactivation is one of the crucial reasons for tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) resistance, but the mechanisms are not wholly clear. Here, COX2, TOPK, and MET expression were examined in EGFR-activating mutated NSCLC by immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis. The relationship between COX2, TOPK, and MET was explored in vitro and ex vivo. In addition, the inhibition of HCC827GR cell growth by combining COX2 inhibitor (celecoxib), TOPK inhibitor (pantoprazole), and gefitinib was verified ex vivo and in vivo. We found that COX2 and TOPK were highly expressed in EGFR-activating mutated NSCLC and the progression-free survival (PFS) of triple-positive (COX2, MET, and TOPK) patients was shorter than that of triple-negative patients. Then, we observed that the COX2-TXA2 signaling pathway modulated MET through AP-1, resulting in an inhibition of apoptosis in gefitinib-resistant cells. Moreover, we demonstrated that MET could phosphorylate TOPK at Tyr74 and then prevent apoptosis in gefitinib-resistant cells. In line with these findings, the combination of celecoxib, pantoprazole, and gefitinib could induce apoptosis in gefitinib-resistant cells and inhibit tumor growth ex vivo and in vivo. Our work reveals a novel COX2/MET/TOPK signaling axis that can prevent apoptosis in gefitinib-resistant cells and suggests that a triple combination of FDA-approved drugs would provide a low-cost and practical strategy to overcome gefitinib resistance.
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16
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Lin A, Giuliano CJ, Palladino A, John KM, Abramowicz C, Yuan ML, Sausville EL, Lukow DA, Liu L, Chait AR, Galluzzo ZC, Tucker C, Sheltzer JM. Off-target toxicity is a common mechanism of action of cancer drugs undergoing clinical trials. Sci Transl Med 2019; 11:eaaw8412. [PMID: 31511426 PMCID: PMC7717492 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aaw8412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 355] [Impact Index Per Article: 71.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Revised: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Ninety-seven percent of drug-indication pairs that are tested in clinical trials in oncology never advance to receive U.S. Food and Drug Administration approval. While lack of efficacy and dose-limiting toxicities are the most common causes of trial failure, the reason(s) why so many new drugs encounter these problems is not well understood. Using CRISPR-Cas9 mutagenesis, we investigated a set of cancer drugs and drug targets in various stages of clinical testing. We show that-contrary to previous reports obtained predominantly with RNA interference and small-molecule inhibitors-the proteins ostensibly targeted by these drugs are nonessential for cancer cell proliferation. Moreover, the efficacy of each drug that we tested was unaffected by the loss of its putative target, indicating that these compounds kill cells via off-target effects. By applying a genetic target-deconvolution strategy, we found that the mischaracterized anticancer agent OTS964 is actually a potent inhibitor of the cyclin-dependent kinase CDK11 and that multiple cancer types are addicted to CDK11 expression. We suggest that stringent genetic validation of the mechanism of action of cancer drugs in the preclinical setting may decrease the number of therapies tested in human patients that fail to provide any clinical benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann Lin
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA
- Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Christopher J Giuliano
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA
- Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Ann Palladino
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA
| | - Kristen M John
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA
- Hofstra University, Hempstead, NY 11549, USA
| | - Connor Abramowicz
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA
- New York Institute of Technology, Glen Head, NY 11545, USA
| | - Monet Lou Yuan
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA
- Syosset High School, Syosset, NY 11791, USA
| | - Erin L Sausville
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA
| | - Devon A Lukow
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA
- Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Luwei Liu
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA
- Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | | | | | - Clara Tucker
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA
- Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Jason M Sheltzer
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA.
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Qin J, Wen B, Liang Y, Yu W, Li H. Histone Modifications and their Role in Colorectal Cancer (Review). Pathol Oncol Res 2019; 26:2023-2033. [PMID: 31055775 PMCID: PMC7471167 DOI: 10.1007/s12253-019-00663-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The development of colorectal cancer is a complex and multistep process mediated by a variety of factors including the dysregulation of genetic and epigenetic under the influence of microenvironment. It is evident that epigenetics that affects gene activity and expression has been recognized as a critical role in the carcinogenesis. Aside from DNA methylation, miRNA level, and genomic imprinting, histone modification is increasingly recognized as an essential mechanism underlying the occurrence and development of colorectal cancer. Aberrant regulation of histone modification like acetylation, methylation and phosphorylation levels on specific residues is implicated in a wide spectrum of cancers, including colorectal cancer. In addition, as this process is reversible and accompanied by a plethora of deregulated enzymes, inhibiting those histone-modifying enzymes activity and regulating its level has been thought of as a potential path for tumor therapy. This review provides insight into the basic information of histone modification and its application in the colorectal cancer treatment, thereby offering new potential targets for treatment of colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingchun Qin
- Institute of Spleen and Stomach, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510000, China
| | - Bin Wen
- Institute of Spleen and Stomach, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510000, China.
| | - Yuqi Liang
- Institute of Spleen and Stomach, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510000, China
| | - Weitao Yu
- Lianyungang Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Huixuan Li
- Institute of Spleen and Stomach, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510000, China
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18
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The T-LAK Cell-originated Protein Kinase Signal Pathway Promotes Colorectal Cancer Metastasis. EBioMedicine 2017; 18:73-82. [PMID: 28412249 PMCID: PMC5405196 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2017.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Revised: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Approximately 90% of all cancer deaths arise from the metastatic dissemination of primary tumors. Metastasis is the most lethal attribute of colorectal cancer. New data regarding the molecules contributing to the metastatic phenotype, the pathways they control and the genes they regulate are very important for understanding the processes of metastasis prognosis and prevention in the clinic. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of T-LAK cell-originated protein kinase (TOPK) in the promotion of colorectal cancer metastasis. TOPK is highly expressed in human metastatic colorectal cancer tissue compared with malignant adenocarcinoma. We identified p53-related protein kinase (PRPK) as a new substrate of TOPK. TOPK binds with and phosphorylates PRPK at Ser250 in vitro and ex vivo. This site plays a critical role in the function of PRPK. Cell lines stably expressing mutant PRPK (S250A), knockdown TOPK, knockdown PRPK or knockdown of both TOPK and PRPK significantly inhibited liver metastasis of human HCT116 colon cancer cells in a xenograft mouse model. Therefore, we conclude that TOPK directly promotes metastasis of colorectal cancer by modulating PRPK. Thus, these findings may assist in the prediction of prognosis or development of new therapeutic strategies against colon cancer.
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19
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Zhu W, Huang Y, Pan Q, Xiang P, Xie N, Yu H. MicroRNA-98 Suppress Warburg Effect by Targeting HK2 in Colon Cancer Cells. Dig Dis Sci 2017; 62:660-668. [PMID: 28025745 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-016-4418-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Warburg effect is a hallmark of cancer cells. Accumulating evidence suggests that microRNAs (miRs) could regulate such metabolic reprograming. Aberrant expression of miR-98 has been observed in many types of cancers. However, its functions and significance in colon cancer remain largely elusive. AIMS To investigate miR-98 expression and the biological functions in colon cancer progression. METHODS miR-98 expression levels were determined by quantitative RT-PCR in 215 cases of colon cancer samples. miR-98 mimic or inhibitor was used to test the biological functions in SW480 and HCT116 cells, followed by cell proliferation assay, lactate production, glucose uptake, and cellular ATP levels assay and extracellular acidification rates measurement. Western blot and luciferase assay were used to identify the target of miR-98. RESULTS miR-98 was significantly down-regulated in colon cancer tissues compared to adjacent colon tissues and acted as a suppressor for Warburg effect in cancer cells. miR-98 inhibited glycolysis by directly targeting hexokinase 2, or HK2, illustrating a novel pathway to mediate Warburg effect of cancer cells. In vitro experiments further indicated that HK2 was involved in miR-98-mediated suppression of glucose uptake, lactate production, and cell proliferation. In addition, we detected HK2 expression in colon cancer tissues and found that the expressions of miR-98 and HK2 were negatively correlated. CONCLUSION miR-98 acts as tumor suppressor gene and inhibits Warburg effect in colon cancer cells, which provided potential targets for clinical treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weimin Zhu
- Department of Oncology, Binhu Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, 390#, Xinchengdao Road, Binhu District, Wuxi, 214121, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yijiao Huang
- Department of Oncology, Binhu Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, 390#, Xinchengdao Road, Binhu District, Wuxi, 214121, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Pan
- Department of Oncology, Binhu Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, 390#, Xinchengdao Road, Binhu District, Wuxi, 214121, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Pei Xiang
- Department of Oncology, Binhu Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, 390#, Xinchengdao Road, Binhu District, Wuxi, 214121, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Nanlan Xie
- Department of Oncology, Binhu Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, 390#, Xinchengdao Road, Binhu District, Wuxi, 214121, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Yu
- Department of Oncology, Binhu Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, 390#, Xinchengdao Road, Binhu District, Wuxi, 214121, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China.
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