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Abu Arar Y, Shilo M, Bilenko N, Friger M, Marsha H, Fisher D, Fraenkel M, Yoel U. Are Higher Body Mass Index and Worse Metabolic Parameters Associated with More Aggressive Differentiated Thyroid Cancer? A Retrospective Cohort Study. Healthcare (Basel) 2024; 12:581. [PMID: 38470692 PMCID: PMC10930676 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare12050581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 02/17/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a risk factor for differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC), but the association with DTC aggressiveness is controversial. To evaluate the association between preoperative body mass index (BMI)/other metabolic parameters and DTC aggressiveness in our surgical cohort, we retrospectively evaluated patients following thyroid surgery who were diagnosed with DTC between December 2013 and January 2021. Baseline characteristics, histopathological features, treatment modalities, and follow-up data were studied. We conducted logistic regression to analyze the association between BMI/other metabolic parameters and adverse DTC features. The final study cohort included 211 patients (79.6% women; mean age± standard deviation 48.7 ± 15.9 years): 66 (31.3%) with normal weight, 81 (38.4%) with overweight, and 64 (30.3%) with obesity. The median follow-up was 51 months (range 7-93). Complete versus partial thyroidectomy was more common among patients living with overweight or obesity than in normal weight patients (79.7% versus 61.7%, p = 0.017, respectively). Logistic regression demonstrated that higher BMI was associated with mildly increased risk for lymph nodes metastases (odds ratio [OR] 1.077, 95% CI: 1.013-1.145), and higher triglycerides/high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (TG/HDL-C) ratio was associated with aggressive histological variants of DTC (OR 1.269, 95% CI 1.001-1.61). To conclude, specific adverse clinical and histopathological DTC features were indeed associated with higher BMI and higher TG/HDL-C ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmin Abu Arar
- Internal Medicine Ward D, Soroka University Medical Center, Beer-Sheva 84101, Israel;
| | - Michael Shilo
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Community Health, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84015, Israel; (M.S.); (N.B.); (M.F.)
| | - Natalya Bilenko
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Community Health, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84015, Israel; (M.S.); (N.B.); (M.F.)
| | - Michael Friger
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Community Health, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84015, Israel; (M.S.); (N.B.); (M.F.)
| | - Hagit Marsha
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Goldman Medical School, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84015, Israel;
| | - David Fisher
- Endocrinology Unit, Soroka University Medical Center, Beer-Sheva 84101, Israel (M.F.)
| | - Merav Fraenkel
- Endocrinology Unit, Soroka University Medical Center, Beer-Sheva 84101, Israel (M.F.)
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84015, Israel
| | - Uri Yoel
- Endocrinology Unit, Soroka University Medical Center, Beer-Sheva 84101, Israel (M.F.)
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84015, Israel
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2
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Dong Y, Chen J, Chen Y, Liu S. Targeting the STAT3 oncogenic pathway: Cancer immunotherapy and drug repurposing. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 167:115513. [PMID: 37741251 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune effector cells in the microenvironment tend to be depleted or remodeled, unable to perform normal functions, and even promote the malignant characterization of tumors, resulting in the formation of immunosuppressive microenvironments. The strategy of reversing immunosuppressive microenvironment has been widely used to enhance the tumor immunotherapy effect. Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) was found to be a crucial regulator of immunosuppressive microenvironment formation and activation as well as a factor, stimulating tumor cell proliferation, survival, invasiveness and metastasis. Therefore, regulating the immune microenvironment by targeting the STAT3 oncogenic pathway might be a new cancer therapy strategy. This review discusses the pleiotropic effects of STAT3 on immune cell populations that are critical for tumorigenesis, and introduces the novel strategies targeting STAT3 oncogenic pathway for cancer immunotherapy. Lastly, we summarize the conventional drugs used in new STAT3-targeting anti-tumor applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yushan Dong
- Graduate School of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, No. 24, Heping Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Jingyu Chen
- Department of Chinese Medicine Internal Medicine, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No. 1 Xiyuan Playground, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Yuhan Chen
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Songjiang Liu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, No.26, Heping Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China.
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3
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Li H, Chen Y, Hu L, Yang W, Gao Z, Liu M, Tao H, Li J. Will metformin use lead to a decreased risk of thyroid cancer? A systematic review and meta-analyses. Eur J Med Res 2023; 28:392. [PMID: 37773165 PMCID: PMC10542235 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-023-01287-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It has been reported that metformin use may reduce the risk of thyroid cancer, but existing studies have generated inconsistent results. The purpose of this study was to investigate such association between metformin use and the risk of thyroid cancer. METHODS Studies of metformin use for the risk of thyroid cancer were searched in Web of Science, PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, China Biomedical Database, Wanfang Data, and Chinese Scientific Journals Database (VIP) from the establishment date to December 2022. Newcastle-Ottawa scale is adopted for assessing the methodological quality of included studies, and the inter-study heterogeneity was assessed by using the I-squared statistic. Combined odds ratios (ORs) with the corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated through either fixed-effects or random-effects model according to the heterogeneity. Besides, subgroup analyses, sensitivity analyses and test for publication bias were conducted. RESULTS Five studies involving 1,713,528 participants were enrolled in the qualitative and quantitative synthesis. The result of the meta-analyses showed that metformin use was associated with a statistically significant lower risk of thyroid cancer (pooled OR = 0.68, 95% CI = 0.50-0.91, P = 0.011). Moreover, in the subgroup analysis, we found that the use of metformin may also aid in the prevention of thyroid cancer in Eastern population (pooled OR = 0.55, 95% CI = 0.35-0.88, P = 0.012) rather than Western population (pooled OR = 0.89, 95% CI = 0.52-1.54, P = 0.685). Sensitivity analysis suggested the results of this meta-analyses were relatively stable. No publication bias was detected. CONCLUSION Metformin use is beneficial for reducing the risk of thyroid cancer. For further investigation, more well-designed studies are still needed to elucidate the association between metformin use and the risk of thyroid cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailong Li
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, No.74 Nonglin Road, Guangzhou, 510030, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, Anhui, People's Republic of China
- Department of Spine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Hu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, Anhui, People's Republic of China
- Department of Spine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenzhi Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, Anhui, People's Republic of China
- Department of Spine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Zongshi Gao
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, Anhui, People's Republic of China
- Department of Spine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengqing Liu
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Chaohu Clinical Medicine, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Tao
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, Anhui, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Spine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, Anhui, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, Anhui, People's Republic of China.
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Zhang W, Li D, Li B, Chu X, Kong B. STAT3 as a therapeutic target in the metformin-related treatment. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 116:109770. [PMID: 36746021 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.109770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Signal transducers and activators of transcription 3 (STAT3) signaling plays an important role in mediating tumor progression, inflammation, cardiovascular disease, and other pathological processes.In recent years, STAT3 as a therapeutic target has received extensive attention. It is well known that metformin can play the role of hypoglycemia by activating AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) through inhibition of mitochondrial ATP production.However, AMPK is not required for metformin activity.Although the application of STAT3 as a therapeutic target of metformin is still in the initial research stage, the importance of STAT3 in the mechanism of metformin is gradually being recognizedand further studies are needed to demonstrate the important role of the STAT3 regulatory network in the regulation of diseases by metformin. Here, we reviewed in detail that metformin inhibits the progression of various diseases like tumors, autoimmune diseases and hormone-related diseases by regulating multiple signaling pathways such as JAK/STAT3 and mTOR/STAT3 signaling centered on STAT3. We also summarized recent advances of STAT3 inhibitors combined with metformin in the treatment of diseases.We emphasized that STAT3 signaling, as an AMPK-independent signaling pathway, may be an important target for metformin in clinical therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiran Zhang
- Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266100, China.
| | - Daisong Li
- Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266100, China.
| | - Bing Li
- Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266100, China.
| | - Xianming Chu
- the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 59 Haier Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266100, China.
| | - Bin Kong
- the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 59 Haier Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266100, China.
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Bond NLS, Dréau D, Marriott I, Bennett JM, Turner MJ, Arthur ST, Marino JS. Low-Dose Metformin Treatment Reduces In Vitro Growth of the LL/2 Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Cell Line. Biomedicines 2022; 11:biomedicines11010065. [PMID: 36672573 PMCID: PMC9856116 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11010065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer maintains a relatively small survival rate (~19%) over a 5-year period and up to 80-85% of all lung cancer diagnoses are Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC). To determine whether metformin reduces non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) LL/2 cell growth, cells were grown in vitro and treated with metformin for 48 h. qPCR was used to assess genes related to cell cycle regulation and pro-apoptotic markers, namely Cyclin D, CDK4, p27, p21, and HES1. Treatment with 10 mM metformin significantly reduced HES1 expression (p = 0.011). Furthermore, 10 mM metformin treatment significantly decreased REDD1 (p = 0.0082) and increased p-mTOR Ser2448 (p = 0.003) protein expression. Control cells showed significant reductions in phosphorylated p53 protein expression (p = 0.0367), whereas metformin treated cells exhibited reduced total p53 protein expression (p = 0.0078). There were no significant reductions in AMPK, PKB/AKT, or STAT3. In addition, NSCLC cells were treated for 48 h. with 10 mM metformin, 4 µM gamma-secretase inhibitor (GSI), or the combination of metformin (10 mM) and GSI (4 µM) to determine the contribution of respective signaling pathways. Metformin treatment significantly reduced total nucleus expression of the proliferation maker Ki-67 with an above 65% reduction in Ki-67 expression between control and metformin-treated cells (p = 0.0021). GSI (4 µM) treatment significantly reduced Ki-67 expression by ~20% over 48 h (p = 0.0028). Combination treatment (10 mM metformin and 4 µM GSI) significantly reduced Ki-67 expression by more than 50% over 48 h (p = 0.0245). As such, direct administration of metformin (10 mM for 48 h) proved to be an effective pharmaceutical agent in reducing the proliferation of cultured non-small cell cancer cells. These intriguing in vitro results, therefore, support the further study of metformin in appropriate in vivo models as an anti-oncogenic agent and/or an adjunctive therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole L. Stott Bond
- Distance Education, Technology and Integration, University of North Georgia, Dahlonega, GA 30597, USA
| | - Didier Dréau
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC 28223, USA
| | - Ian Marriott
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC 28223, USA
| | - Jeanette M. Bennett
- Department of Psychological Science, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC 28223, USA
| | - Michael J. Turner
- Laboratory of Systems Physiology, Department of Applied Physiology, Health, and Clinical Sciences, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC 28223, USA
| | - Susan T. Arthur
- Laboratory of Systems Physiology, Department of Applied Physiology, Health, and Clinical Sciences, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC 28223, USA
| | - Joseph S. Marino
- Laboratory of Systems Physiology, Department of Applied Physiology, Health, and Clinical Sciences, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC 28223, USA
- Correspondence:
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Kushchayeva Y, Kushchayev S, Jensen K, Brown RJ. Impaired Glucose Metabolism, Anti-Diabetes Medications, and Risk of Thyroid Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14030555. [PMID: 35158824 PMCID: PMC8833385 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14030555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary An epidemiologic link exists between obesity, insulin resistance, diabetes, and some cancers, such as breast cancer and colon cancer. The prevalence of obesity and diabetes is increasing, and additional epidemiologic data suggest that there may be a link between obesity and risk of thyroid abnormalities. Factors that may link obesity and diabetes with thyroid proliferative disorders include elevated circulating levels of insulin, increased body fat, high blood sugars, and exogenous insulin use. However, mechanisms underlying associations of obesity, diabetes, and thyroid proliferative disorders are not yet fully understood. The present manuscript reviews and summarizes current evidence of mechanisms and epidemiologic associations of obesity, insulin resistance, and use of anti-diabetes medications with benign and malignant proliferative disorders of the thyroid. Abstract The prevalence of obesity is progressively increasing along with the potential high risk for insulin resistance and development of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Obesity is associated with increased risk of many malignancies, and hyperinsulinemia has been proposed to be a link between obesity and cancer development. The incidence of thyroid cancer is also increasing, making this cancer the most common endocrine malignancy. There is some evidence of associations between obesity, insulin resistance and/or diabetes with thyroid proliferative disorders, including thyroid cancer. However, the etiology of such an association has not been fully elucidated. The goal of the present work is to review the current knowledge on crosstalk between thyroid and glucose metabolic pathways and the effects of obesity, insulin resistance, diabetes, and anti-hyperglycemic medications on the risk of thyroid cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yevgeniya Kushchayeva
- Diabetes and Endocrinology Center, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
- Correspondence:
| | - Sergiy Kushchayev
- Department of Radiology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL 33612, USA;
| | - Kirk Jensen
- F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA;
| | - Rebecca J. Brown
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA;
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7
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Ma XN, Ma CX, Hou LJ, Fu SB. The association of obesity with thyroid carcinoma risk. Cancer Med 2022; 11:1136-1144. [PMID: 35032114 PMCID: PMC8855891 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.4498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The prevalence of obesity and an increased incidence of thyroid carcinoma (TC) threaten public health in parallel on a global scale. Sufficient evidence supports excess body fatness in thyroid carcinogenesis, and the role and anthropometric markers of obesity have been causally associated with the rising risk of TC. Methods A literature search was conducted in PubMed. Studies focused on the effect of obesity in TC. Results This review mainly discusses the global incidence and prevalence of obesity‐related TC. We also review the role of obesity in TC and potential clinical strategies for obesity‐related TC. Conclusions Excess body fatness in early life and TC survival initiate adverse effects later in life. The incidence of thyroid cancer has been increasing in the last decades all over the world. Such a steady growth cannot be entirely attributable to more sensitive diagnostic procedures. Obesity has increased with sufficient rapidity in the same time frame and may as possible promoters and modifiable risk factors for thyroid cancer in recent years. The aim of this review was to focus on the relationship between obesity and the risk of thyroid cancer. Obesity seems to play a relevant role in thyroid cancer carcinogenesis as well as in its severity and aggressiveness. The possible underlying mechanism is involved chronic inflammation mediated by cytokines, leptin, and adiponectins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Ni Ma
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China.,The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Cheng-Xu Ma
- The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China.,Department of Endocrinology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Li-Jie Hou
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Song-Bo Fu
- The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China.,Department of Endocrinology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
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8
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Tulipano G. Integrated or Independent Actions of Metformin in Target Tissues Underlying Its Current Use and New Possible Applications in the Endocrine and Metabolic Disorder Area. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:13068. [PMID: 34884872 PMCID: PMC8658259 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222313068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Metformin is considered the first-choice drug for type 2 diabetes treatment. Actually, pleiotropic effects of metformin have been recognized, and there is evidence that this drug may have a favorable impact on health beyond its glucose-lowering activity. In summary, despite its long history, metformin is still an attractive research opportunity in the field of endocrine and metabolic diseases, age-related diseases, and cancer. To this end, its mode of action in distinct cell types is still in dispute. The aim of this work was to review the current knowledge and recent findings on the molecular mechanisms underlying the pharmacological effects of metformin in the field of metabolic and endocrine pathologies, including some endocrine tumors. Metformin is believed to act through multiple pathways that can be interconnected or work independently. Moreover, metformin effects on target tissues may be either direct or indirect, which means secondary to the actions on other tissues and consequent alterations at systemic level. Finally, as to the direct actions of metformin at cellular level, the intracellular milieu cooperates to cause differential responses to the drug between distinct cell types, despite the primary molecular targets may be the same within cells. Cellular bioenergetics can be regarded as the primary target of metformin action. Metformin can perturb the cytosolic and mitochondrial NAD/NADH ratio and the ATP/AMP ratio within cells, thus affecting enzymatic activities and metabolic and signaling pathways which depend on redox- and energy balance. In this context, the possible link between pyruvate metabolism and metformin actions is extensively discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Tulipano
- Unit of Pharmacology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy
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9
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Stott Bond NL, Dréau D, Marriott I, Bennett JM, Turner MJ, Arthur ST, Marino JS. Low-Dose Metformin as a Monotherapy Does Not Reduce Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer Tumor Burden in Mice. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9111685. [PMID: 34829914 PMCID: PMC8615566 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9111685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) makes up 80-85% of lung cancer diagnoses. Lung cancer patients undergo surgical procedures, chemotherapy, and/or radiation. Chemotherapy and radiation can induce deleterious systemic side effects, particularly within skeletal muscle. To determine whether metformin reduces NSCLC tumor burden while maintaining skeletal muscle health, C57BL/6J mice were injected with Lewis lung cancer (LL/2), containing a bioluminescent reporter for in vivo tracking, into the left lung. Control and metformin (250 mg/kg) groups received treatments twice weekly. Skeletal muscle was analyzed for changes in genes and proteins related to inflammation, muscle mass, and metabolism. The LL/2 model effectively mimics lung cancer growth and tumor burden. The in vivo data indicate that metformin as administered was not associated with significant improvement in tumor burden in this immunocompetent NSCLC model. Additionally, metformin was not associated with significant changes in key tumor cell division and inflammation markers, or improved skeletal muscle health. Metformin treatment, while exhibiting anti-neoplastic characteristics in many cancers, appears not to be an appropriate monotherapy for NSCLC tumor growth in vivo. Future studies should pursue co-treatment modalities, with metformin as a potentially supportive drug rather than a monotherapy to mitigate cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole L. Stott Bond
- Distance Education, Technology and Integration, University of North Georgia, Dahlonega, GA 30597, USA;
- Laboratory of Systems Physiology, Department of Applied Physiology, Health, and Clinical Sciences, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC 28223, USA; (M.J.T.); (S.T.A.)
| | - Didier Dréau
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC 28223, USA; (D.D.); (I.M.)
| | - Ian Marriott
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC 28223, USA; (D.D.); (I.M.)
| | - Jeanette M. Bennett
- Department of Psychological Science, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC 28223, USA;
| | - Michael J. Turner
- Laboratory of Systems Physiology, Department of Applied Physiology, Health, and Clinical Sciences, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC 28223, USA; (M.J.T.); (S.T.A.)
| | - Susan T. Arthur
- Laboratory of Systems Physiology, Department of Applied Physiology, Health, and Clinical Sciences, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC 28223, USA; (M.J.T.); (S.T.A.)
| | - Joseph S. Marino
- Laboratory of Systems Physiology, Department of Applied Physiology, Health, and Clinical Sciences, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC 28223, USA; (M.J.T.); (S.T.A.)
- Correspondence:
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10
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Shin HS, Sun HJ, Whang YM, Park YJ, Park DJ, Cho SW. Metformin Reduces Thyroid Cancer Tumor Growth in the Metastatic Niche of Bone by Inhibiting Osteoblastic RANKL Productions. Thyroid 2021; 31:760-771. [PMID: 32791889 DOI: 10.1089/thy.2019.0851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Background: Metformin has antitumoral actions in human cancers, including the thyroid, while its effects on metastatic lesions are unclear. Patients with bone metastasis (BM) from thyroid cancers have poor survival. Because metformin inhibits the activation of osteoclasts, which has essential roles in BM, the aim of this study was to investigate the therapeutic effects of metformin on thyroid cancer BM and osteoclast activation in the bone microenvironment. Methods: The anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) cell lines FRO and SW1736 were used to test the antitumoral effect of metformin in vitro and in vivo. A murine model of BM was established by intratibial injection of cancer cells. To mimic the BM microenvironment, osteoblasts were treated with conditioned media from the FRO (FRO-CM) and SW1736 (SW1736-CM) cells. Thyroid cancer patients with or without BM were recruited, and the serum receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL) levels was measured. Results: Metformin treatment significantly reduced the viabilities of the FRO and SW1736 cells in vitro and the tumor growth of SW1736 in vivo. In the murine model of BM, metformin delayed tumor growth in the bone and decreased the numbers of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase-positive osteoclasts on the bone surface with reduced RANKL in the bone marrow. Furthermore, FRO- or SW1736-CM significantly increased the osteoblastic RANKL productions and activated osteoclast differentiation in whole marrow cultures, which were blocked by metformin treatment. Among 67 thyroid cancer patients, the serum RANKL levels were significantly increased in BM patients compared with patients with lung-only metastasis or no distant metastasis. In addition, the interleukin-6 superfamily in the FRO- or SW1736-CM stimulated STAT3 phosphorylation, which was inhibited by gp130 blocking. Metformin treatment decreased the FRO- or SW1736-CM-induced STAT3 phosphorylation by AMPK phosphorylation. Metformin also inhibited the FRO- or SW1736-CM-induced osteoclastic differentiation of bone marrow-derived monocyte/macrophage by RANK/c-Fos/NFATC1 signaling. Conclusions: In the microenvironment of BM, metformin effectively reduced ATC tumor growth by inhibiting cancer cell viability, blocking cancer cell-induced osteoblastic RANKL production, which further activated osteoclastogenesis, and directly reduced osteoclast differentiation. These multifactorial actions of metformin suggest that it has potential therapeutic effects in thyroid cancer BM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyo Shik Shin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyun Jin Sun
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Mi Whang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Joo Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Do Joon Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sun Wook Cho
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
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11
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Olgen S, Kotra LP. Drug Repurposing in the Development of Anticancer Agents. Curr Med Chem 2019; 26:5410-5427. [PMID: 30009698 DOI: 10.2174/0929867325666180713155702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Revised: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research into repositioning known drugs to treat cancer other than the originally intended disease continues to grow and develop, encouraged in part, by several recent success stories. Many of the studies in this article are geared towards repurposing generic drugs because additional clinical trials are relatively easy to perform and the drug safety profiles have previously been established. OBJECTIVE This review provides an overview of anticancer drug development strategies which is one of the important areas of drug restructuring. METHODS Repurposed drugs for cancer treatments are classified by their pharmacological effects. The successes and failures of important repurposed drugs as anticancer agents are evaluated in this review. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION Drugs could have many off-target effects, and can be intelligently repurposed if the off-target effects can be employed for therapeutic purposes. In cancer, due to the heterogeneity of the disease, often targets are quite diverse, hence a number of already known drugs that interfere with these targets could be deployed or repurposed with appropriate research and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sureyya Olgen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Biruni University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Lakshmi P Kotra
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3M2, Canada.,Center for Molecular Design and Preformulations, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1L7 Canada.,Multi-Organ Transplant Program, Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1L7 Canada
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12
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Jin Y, Liu M, Sa R, Fu H, Cheng L, Chen L. Mouse models of thyroid cancer: Bridging pathogenesis and novel therapeutics. Cancer Lett 2019; 469:35-53. [PMID: 31589905 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2019.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Due to a global increase in the incidence of thyroid cancer, numerous novel mouse models were established to reveal thyroid cancer pathogenesis and test promising therapeutic strategies, necessitating a comprehensive review of translational medicine that covers (i) the role of mouse models in the research of thyroid cancer pathogenesis, and (ii) preclinical testing of potential anti-thyroid cancer therapeutics. The present review article aims to: (i) describe the current approaches for mouse modeling of thyroid cancer, (ii) provide insight into the biology and genetics of thyroid cancers, and (iii) offer guidance on the use of mouse models for testing potential therapeutics in preclinical settings. Based on research with mouse models of thyroid cancer pathogenesis involving the RTK, RAS/RAF/MEK/ERK, PI3K/AKT/mTOR, SRC, and JAK-STAT signaling pathways, inhibitors of VEGFR, MEK, mTOR, SRC, and STAT3 have been developed as anti-thyroid cancer drugs for "bench-to-bedside" translation. In the future, mouse models of thyroid cancer will be designed to be ''humanized" and "patient-like," offering opportunities to: (i) investigate the pathogenesis of thyroid cancer through target screening based on the CRISPR/Cas system, (ii) test drugs based on new mouse models, and (iii) explore the underlying mechanisms based on multi-omics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchen Jin
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, People's Republic of China.
| | - Min Liu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, People's Republic of China; Department of Nuclear Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Rd, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Ri Sa
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hao Fu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, People's Republic of China.
| | - Lin Cheng
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, People's Republic of China.
| | - Libo Chen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, People's Republic of China.
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13
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Thakur S, Daley B, Klubo-Gwiezdzinska J. The role of an anti-diabetic drug metformin in the treatment of endocrine tumors. J Mol Endocrinol 2019; 63:R17-R35. [PMID: 31307011 PMCID: PMC6938582 DOI: 10.1530/jme-19-0083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Incidence of endocrine cancers is rising every year. Over the last decade, evidence has accumulated that demonstrates the anti-cancer effects of an anti-diabetic drug, metformin, in endocrine malignancies. We performed a literature review utilizing the PubMed, Medline and clinicaltrials.gov databases using the keyword 'metformin' plus the following terms: 'thyroid cancer', 'thyroid nodules', 'parathyroid', 'hyperparathyroidism', 'adrenal adenoma', 'Cushing syndrome', 'hyperaldosteronism', 'adrenocortical cancer', 'neuroendocrine tumor (NET)', 'pancreatic NET (pNET)', 'carcinoid', 'pituitary adenoma', 'pituitary neuroendocrine tumor (PitNET)', 'prolactinoma', 'pheochromocytoma/paraganglioma'. We found 37 studies describing the preclinical and clinical role of metformin in endocrine tumors. The available epidemiological data show an association between exposure of metformin and lower incidence of thyroid cancer and pNETs in diabetic patients. Metformin treatment has been associated with better response to cancer therapy in thyroid cancer and pNETs. Preclinical evidence suggests that the primary direct mechanisms of metformin action include inhibition of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation via inhibition of both mitochondrial complex I and mitochondrial glycerophosphate dehydrogenase, leading to metabolic stress. Decreased ATP production leads to an activation of a cellular energy sensor, AMPK, and subsequent downregulation of mTOR signaling pathway, which is associated with decreased cellular proliferation. We also describe several AMPK-independent mechanisms of metformin action, as well as the indirect mechanisms targeting insulin resistance. Overall, repositioning of metformin has emerged as a promising strategy for adjuvant therapy of endocrine tumors. The mechanisms of synergy between metformin and other anti-cancer agents need to be elucidated further to guide well-designed prospective trials on combination therapies in endocrine malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilpa Thakur
- Metabolic Disease Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Brianna Daley
- Metabolic Disease Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Joanna Klubo-Gwiezdzinska
- Metabolic Disease Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
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14
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Valvo V, Nucera C. Coding Molecular Determinants of Thyroid Cancer Development and Progression. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am 2019; 48:37-59. [PMID: 30717910 PMCID: PMC6366338 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecl.2018.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Thyroid cancer is the most common endocrine malignancy. Its incidence and mortality rates have increased for patients with advanced-stage papillary thyroid cancer. The characterization of the molecular pathways essential in thyroid cancer initiation and progression has made huge progress, underlining the role of intracellular signaling to promote clonal evolution, dedifferentiation, metastasis, and drug resistance. The discovery of genetic alterations that include mutations (BRAF, hTERT), translocations, deletions (eg, 9p), and copy-number gain (eg, 1q) has provided new biological insights with clinical applications. Understanding how molecular pathways interplay is one of the key strategies to develop new therapeutic treatments and improve prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Valvo
- Laboratory of Human Thyroid Cancers Preclinical and Translational Research, Division of Experimental Pathology, Department of Pathology, Cancer Research Institute (CRI), Cancer Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 99 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Pathology, Center for Vascular Biology Research (CVBR), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 99 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Carmelo Nucera
- Laboratory of Human Thyroid Cancers Preclinical and Translational Research, Division of Experimental Pathology, Department of Pathology, Cancer Research Institute (CRI), Cancer Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 99 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Pathology, Center for Vascular Biology Research (CVBR), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 99 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, 415 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
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15
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Park S, Willingham MC, Qi J, Cheng SY. Metformin and JQ1 synergistically inhibit obesity-activated thyroid cancer. Endocr Relat Cancer 2018; 25:865-877. [PMID: 29914872 PMCID: PMC6059993 DOI: 10.1530/erc-18-0071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Compelling epidemiological evidence shows a strong positive correlation of obesity with thyroid cancer. In vivo studies have provided molecular evidence that high-fat-diet-induced obesity promotes thyroid cancer progression by aberrantly activating leptin-JAK2-STAT3 signaling in a mouse model of thyroid cancer (ThrbPV/PVPten+/- mice). The ThrbPV/PVPten+/- mouse expresses a dominantly negative thyroid hormone receptor β (denoted as PV) and a deletion of one single allele of the Pten gene. The ThrbPV/PVPten+/- mouse spontaneously develops follicular thyroid cancer, which allows its use as a preclinical mouse model to test potential therapeutics. We recently showed that inhibition of STAT3 activity by a specific inhibitor markedly delays thyroid cancer progression in high-fat-diet-induced obese ThrbPV/PVPten+/- mice (HFD-ThrbPV/PVPten+/- mice). Further, metformin, a widely used antidiabetic drug, blocks invasion and metastasis, but not thyroid tumor growth in HFD-ThrbPV/PVPten+/- mice. To improve efficacy in reducing thyroid tumor growth, we treated HFD-ThrbPV/PVPten+/- with JQ1, a potent inhibitor of the activity of bromodomain and extraterminal domain (BET) and with metformin. We found that the combined treatment synergistically suppressed thyroid tumor growth by attenuating STAT3 and ERK signaling, resulting in decreased anti-apoptotic key regulators such as Mcl-1, Bcl-2 and survivin and increased pro-apoptotic regulators such as Bim, BAD and cleave caspase 3. Furthermore, combined treatment of JQ1 and metformin reduced cMyc protein levels to suppress vascular invasion, anaplasia and lung metastasis. These findings indicate that combined treatment is more effective than metformin alone and suggest a novel treatment modality for obesity-activated thyroid cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunmi Park
- Laboratory of Molecular BiologyCenter for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Mark C Willingham
- Laboratory of Molecular BiologyCenter for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Jun Qi
- Dana Farber Cancer InstituteHarvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sheue-Yann Cheng
- Laboratory of Molecular BiologyCenter for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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16
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Cho YY, Kang MJ, Kim SK, Jung JH, Hahm JR, Kim TH, Nam JY, Lee BW, Lee YH, Chung JH, Song SO, Kim SW. Protective Effect of Metformin Against Thyroid Cancer Development: A Population-Based Study in Korea. Thyroid 2018; 28:864-870. [PMID: 29808777 DOI: 10.1089/thy.2017.0550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metformin, the most widely used drug for type 2 diabetes, has recently attracted attention with regard to its antitumor activity. However, clinical studies have yielded conflicting results regarding the association between metformin and thyroid cancer development, despite its antitumor effect in preclinical studies. METHODS This is a retrospective cohort study using the Korean National Health Insurance claim database. Matched populations of 128,453 metformin users and 128,453 non-users were analyzed for thyroid cancer incidence. Metformin users were categorized into lowest, middle, and highest tertiles according to cumulative dose or duration of metformin therapy. RESULTS Thyroid cancer developed in 340 (0.26%) metformin users and 487 (0.38%) non-users during a mean follow-up of 7.2 years (hazard ratio = 0.69 [confidence interval 0.60-0.79]; p < 0.001). The incidence of thyroid cancer per 105 person-years was 51.6 in metformin non-users. For metformin users, the incidence was 84.5 for <529,000 mg, 20.6 for 529,000-1,007,799 mg, and 6.3 for >1,007,799 mg; 86.3 for <1085 days, 20.3 for 1085-2094 days, and 4.7 for >2094 days for duration of therapy. The hazard ratio for thyroid cancer decreased significantly in metformin users as a function of dose and duration of metformin therapy. CONCLUSIONS Metformin appears to be associated with a preventive effect on thyroid cancer development in a nationwide population-based study, but is not effective in the early phase of treatment. Considering the increasing prevalence of obesity and the role of insulin resistance in the development of cancer, metformin might be the preferred treatment for its dual anti-diabetic and antitumor effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoon Young Cho
- 1 Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine , Jinju, Korea
- 2 Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine , Jinju, Korea
| | - Min Jin Kang
- 3 Department of Policy Research Affairs, National Health Insurance Service Ilsan Hospital , Goyang, Korea
| | - Soo Kyoung Kim
- 1 Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine , Jinju, Korea
- 2 Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine , Jinju, Korea
| | - Jung Hwa Jung
- 1 Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine , Jinju, Korea
- 2 Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine , Jinju, Korea
| | - Jong Ryeal Hahm
- 1 Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine , Jinju, Korea
- 2 Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine , Jinju, Korea
| | - Tae Hyuk Kim
- 4 Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Thyroid Center, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine , Seoul, Korea
| | - Joo Young Nam
- 5 Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, National Health Insurance Service Ilsan Hospital , Goyang, Korea
| | - Byung-Wan Lee
- 6 Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine , Seoul, Korea
| | - Yong-Ho Lee
- 6 Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine , Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae Hoon Chung
- 4 Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Thyroid Center, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine , Seoul, Korea
| | - Sun Ok Song
- 5 Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, National Health Insurance Service Ilsan Hospital , Goyang, Korea
| | - Sun Wook Kim
- 4 Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Thyroid Center, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine , Seoul, Korea
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17
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Nurcheshmeh Z, Aliasgarzadeh A, Bahrami A, Mobasseri M. The Effects of Metformin on Thyroid Function among Patients with Subclinical Hypothyroidism and Coexisting Metabolic Syndrome. PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES 2018. [DOI: 10.15171/ps.2018.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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18
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Thakur S, Daley B, Gaskins K, Vasko VV, Boufraqech M, Patel D, Sourbier C, Reece J, Cheng SY, Kebebew E, Agarwal S, Klubo-Gwiezdzinska J. Metformin Targets Mitochondrial Glycerophosphate Dehydrogenase to Control Rate of Oxidative Phosphorylation and Growth of Thyroid Cancer In Vitro and In Vivo. Clin Cancer Res 2018; 24:4030-4043. [PMID: 29691295 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-17-3167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Revised: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Purpose: Mitochondrial glycerophosphate dehydrogenase (MGPDH) is the key enzyme connecting oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) and glycolysis as well as a target of the antidiabetic drug metformin in the liver. There are no data on the expression and role of MGPDH as a metformin target in cancer. In this study, we evaluated MGPDH as a potential target of metformin in thyroid cancer and investigated its contribution in thyroid cancer metabolism.Experimental Design: We analyzed MGPDH expression in 253 thyroid cancer and normal tissues by immunostaining and examined its expression and localization in thyroid cancer-derived cell lines (FTC133, BCPAP) by confocal microscopy. The effects of metformin on MGPDH expression were determined by qRT-PCR and Western blot analysis. Seahorse analyzer was utilized to assess the effects of metformin on OXPHOS and glycolysis in thyroid cancer cells. We analyzed the effects of metformin on tumor growth and MGPDH expression in metastatic thyroid cancer mouse models.Results: We show for the first time that MGPDH is overexpressed in thyroid cancer compared with normal thyroid. We demonstrate that MGPDH regulates human thyroid cancer cell growth and OXPHOS rate in vitro Metformin treatment is associated with downregulation of MGPDH expression and inhibition of OXPHOS in thyroid cancer in vitro Cells characterized by high MGPDH expression are more sensitive to OXPHOS-inhibitory effects of metformin in vitro and growth-inhibitory effects of metformin in vitro and in vivoConclusions: Our study established MGPDH as a novel regulator of thyroid cancer growth and metabolism that can be effectively targeted by metformin. Clin Cancer Res; 24(16); 4030-43. ©2018 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilpa Thakur
- Metabolic Disease Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Brianna Daley
- Metabolic Disease Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Kelli Gaskins
- Endocrine Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Vasyl V Vasko
- Department of Pediatrics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Myriem Boufraqech
- Endocrine Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Dhaval Patel
- Endocrine Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Carole Sourbier
- Urologic Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Jeff Reece
- Metabolic Disease Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Sheue-Yann Cheng
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Electron Kebebew
- Endocrine Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Sunita Agarwal
- Metabolic Disease Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Joanna Klubo-Gwiezdzinska
- Metabolic Disease Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland.
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19
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Tseng CH. Metformin use and cervical cancer risk in female patients with type 2 diabetes. Oncotarget 2018; 7:59548-59555. [PMID: 27486978 PMCID: PMC5312330 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated whether metformin may affect the risk of cervical cancer. The reimbursement databases of the Taiwan's National Health Insurance were used. Female patients with type 2 diabetes at an onset age of 25-74 years during 1999-2005 and newly treated with metformin (n=132971, "ever users of metformin") or other antidiabetic drugs (n=6940, "never users of metformin") were followed for at least 6 months until December 31, 2011. The treatment effect of metformin (for ever versus never users, and for tertiles of cumulative duration of therapy) was estimated by Cox regression incorporated with the inverse probability of treatment weighting using propensity score. Analyses were also conducted in a 1:1 matched pair cohort based on 8 digits of propensity score. Results showed that the respective numbers of incident cervical cancer in ever users and never users were 438 (0.33%) and 38 (0.55%), with respective incidences of 68.29 and 121.38 per 100,000 person-years. The overall hazard ratio suggested a significantly lower risk in metformin users (0.558, 95% confidence intervals: 0.401-0.778). In tertile analyses, the hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) for the first (<23.0 months), second (23.0-47.9 months) and third (>47.9 months) tertile of cumulative duration were 1.272 (0.904-1.790), 0.523 (0.366-0.747) and 0.109 (0.070-0.172), respectively. Findings were supported by the analyses in the matched cohort. In conclusion, metformin may significantly reduce the risk of cervical cancer, especially when the cumulative duration is more than 2 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chin-Hsiao Tseng
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.,Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Division of Environmental Health and Occupational Medicine of the National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
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20
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Ge A, Wang S, Miao B, Yan M. Effects of metformin on the expression of AMPK and STAT3 in the spinal dorsal horn of rats with neuropathic pain. Mol Med Rep 2018; 17:5229-5237. [PMID: 29393487 PMCID: PMC5865989 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.8541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Accepted: 12/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuropathic pain (NP) is a frustrating and burdensome problem. Current treatments for NP have unendurable side effects and/or questionable efficacy, and once these therapies are stopped, the symptoms often return. Thus, novel drugs are needed to enhance the effectiveness of treatments for NP. One novel target for pain treatments is adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK), which regulates a variety of cellular processes, including protein translation, which is considered to be affected in NP. Metformin is a widely available drug that possesses the ability to activate AMPK. The signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) pathway plays an important role in neuroinflammation. The present study investigated the analgesic effect of metformin on NP induced by chronic constriction injury (CCI), and the influence of metformin on the expression of AMPK and STAT3 in the spinal dorsal horn (SDH). In CCI rats, paw withdrawal latencies in response to thermal hyperalgesia were significantly shorter, while phosphorylated (p)-AMPK was expressed at lower levels and p-STAT3 was expressed at higher levels in the SDH. Administering intraperitoneal injections of metformin (200 mg/kg) for 6 successive days activated AMPK and suppressed the expression of p-STAT3, in addition to reversing hyperalgesia. Finally, metformin inhibited the activation of microglia and astrocytes in the SDH, which may explain how it alleviates NP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anqi Ge
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Clinic Skill Center, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221000, P.R. China
| | - Shu Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Third People's Hospital, Yancheng, Jiangsu 224001, P.R. China
| | - Bei Miao
- Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221000, P.R. China
| | - Ming Yan
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221000, P.R. China
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21
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Hu X, Liu Y, Wang C, Hou L, Zheng X, Xu Y, Ding L, Pang S. Metformin affects thyroid function in male rats. Oncotarget 2017; 8:107589-107595. [PMID: 29296189 PMCID: PMC5746091 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.22536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
An intriguing area of research in type 2 diabetes recently discovered association of metformin therapy with thyroid functional and morphological changes. We aimed to evaluate the external symptoms and biochemical indicators concerning thyroid function in rats treated with metformin. Male wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups: Group (D-/M-), Group (D-/M+), Group (D+/M-), and Group (D+/M+), according to whether they were induced to diabetic model or placed on metformin. Characteristics of food intake, body weight, and other external symptoms were recorded. Thyroid function, concluding serum thyrotropin (TSH), free triiodothyronine (FT3), free thyroxine (FT4), were measured. We found a significantly higher TSH and lower FT4 in rats in Group (D+/M-), compared with rats in Group (D-/M-), but no significant change in FT3 level. Rats on metformin treatment exhibited relatively lower body weight and symptoms like irritability and diarrhea, concomitant with marked increase in FT3 and FT4 , no matter if they were induced to diabetic model or not . A slight but significant reduction in TSH concentration was also observed in rats received metformin. These data reveal that metformin can modify thyroid function with corresponding clinical symptoms of hyperthyroidism in male rats. Metformin's contribution to suppress TSH and increase FT3, FT4 should arise our attention to its treatment interference in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowen Hu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan 250013, China
| | - Yang Liu
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia Qld 4072, Australia
| | - Changmei Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan 250013, China
| | - Lulu Hou
- Department of Endocrinology, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan 250013, China
| | - Xiaoyan Zheng
- Department of Endocrinology, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan 250013, China
| | - Yeqiu Xu
- Department of Endocrinology, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan 250013, China
| | - Lin Ding
- Department of Endocrinology, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan 250013, China
| | - Shuguang Pang
- Department of Endocrinology, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan 250013, China
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22
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Meng X, Xu S, Chen G, Derwahl M, Liu C. Metformin and thyroid disease. J Endocrinol 2017; 233:R43-R51. [PMID: 28196954 DOI: 10.1530/joe-16-0450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
An intriguing area of research in thyroidology is the recently discovered association of insulin resistance with thyroid functional and morphological abnormalities. Individuals with hyperinsulinemia have larger thyroid gland and a higher prevalence of thyroid nodules and cancer. Accordingly, patients treated with metformin have a smaller thyroid volume and a lower risk of incident goiter, thyroid nodule and cancer. Multiple studies in vitro and in vivo have demonstrated that metformin can inhibit the growth of thyroid cells and different types of thyroid cancer cells by affecting the insulin/IGF1 and mTOR pathways. Besides, metformin treatment was associated with a decrease in the levels of serum thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) in diabetic patients possibly by enhancing the effects of thyroid hormones in the pituitary and activating the adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK). Based on this evidence, metformin appears to be a promising therapeutic tool in patients with thyroid disease. More clinical studies are necessary to evaluate the clinical significance of metformin for the treatment of thyroid diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shuhang Xu
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western MedicineNanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Guofang Chen
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western MedicineNanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Michael Derwahl
- Division of EndocrinologyDepartment of Medicine, St. Hedwig Hospital, Berlin, Germany
| | - Chao Liu
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western MedicineNanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
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Sun R, Ma X, Cai X, Pan X, Liu D. The effect and mechanism of action of metformin on in vitro FaDu cell proliferation. J Int Med Res 2016; 44:1049-1054. [PMID: 27688683 PMCID: PMC5536548 DOI: 10.1177/0300060516642645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To investigate the effect and mechanism of action of metformin on proliferation of a human hypopharyngeal carcinoma cell line (FaDu). Methods FaDu cells were treated with metformin (25–125 mmol/l). Cell proliferation was evaluated via CCK-8 assay. Real-time quantitative reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction was used to evaluate microRNA (miR)-21-5p and PDCD4 (programmed cell death 4) expression. PDCD4 protein was quantified by Western blot. Results Metformin significantly inhibited FaDu cell proliferation in a dose- (25–100 mmol/l) and time-dependent manner (12 h–36 h), significantly downregulated miR-21-5p, and upregulated PDCD4 mRNA and protein expression. Conclusions Metformin significantly inhibited FaDu cell proliferation, possibly via downregulation of miR-21-5p and upregulation of PDCD4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruijie Sun
- 1 Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, China
| | - Xiaojie Ma
- 2 Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Qilu Hospital (Qingdao) of Shandong University, China
| | - Xiaolan Cai
- 2 Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Qilu Hospital (Qingdao) of Shandong University, China
| | - Xinliang Pan
- 1 Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, China.,2 Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Qilu Hospital (Qingdao) of Shandong University, China
| | - Dayu Liu
- 1 Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, China.,2 Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Qilu Hospital (Qingdao) of Shandong University, China
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Tseng CH. Metformin reduces gastric cancer risk in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Aging (Albany NY) 2016; 8:1636-49. [PMID: 27587088 PMCID: PMC5032687 DOI: 10.18632/aging.101019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2016] [Accepted: 08/19/2016] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
This retrospective cohort study investigated whether metformin may reduce gastric cancer risk by using the reimbursement databases of the Taiwan's National Health Insurance. Patients with type 2 diabetes diagnosed during 1999-2005 and newly treated with metformin (n=287971, "ever users of metformin") or other antidiabetic drugs (n=16217, "never users of metformin") were followed until December 31, 2011. The effect of metformin (for ever versus never users, and for tertiles of cumulative duration of therapy) was estimated by Cox regression incorporated with the inverse probability of treatment weighting using propensity score. Results showed that the respective numbers of incident gastric cancer in ever and never users were 759 (0.26%) and 89 (0.55%), with respective incidences of 55.26 and 122.53 per 100,000 person-years. The overall hazard ratio (95% confidence intervals) of 0.448 (0.359-0.558) suggested a significantly lower risk among ever users. In tertile analyses, hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) for the first (<21.47 months), second (21.47-45.97 months) and third (>45.97 months) tertile of cumulative duration was 0.973 (0.773-1.224), 0.422 (0.331-0.537) and 0.120 (0.090-0.161), respectively, while compared to never users. In conclusion, metformin significantly reduces gastric cancer risk, especially when the cumulative duration is more than approximately 2 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chin-Hsiao Tseng
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Division of Environmental Health and Occupational Medicine of the National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
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