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Duell EB, Cobb AB, Wilson GWT. Effects of Commercial Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Inoculants on Plant Productivity and Intra-Radical Colonization in Native Grassland: Unintentional De-Coupling of a Symbiosis? PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:plants11172276. [PMID: 36079657 PMCID: PMC9460666 DOI: 10.3390/plants11172276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
There has been a surge in industries built on the production of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungal-based inoculants in the past few decades. This is not surprising, given the positive effects of AM fungi on plant growth and nutritional status. However, there is growing concern regarding the quality and efficacy of commercial inoculants. To assess the potential benefits and negative consequences of commercial AM fungal inoculants in grasslands, we conducted a controlled growth chamber study assessing the productivity and AM fungal root colonization of nine grassland plant species grown in grassland soil with or without one of six commercial AM fungal products. Our research showed no evidence of benefit; commercial inoculants never increased native plant biomass, although several inoculants decreased the growth of native species and increased the growth of invasive plant species. In addition, two commercial products contained excessive levels of phosphorus or nitrogen and consistently reduced AM fungal root colonization, indicating an unintentional de-coupling of the symbiosis. As there is little knowledge of the ecological consequences of inoculation with commercial AM fungal products, it is critical for restoration practitioners, scientists, and native plant growers to assess the presence of local AM fungal communities before investing in unnecessary, or possibly detrimental, AM fungal products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric B. Duell
- Kansas Biological Survey and Center for Ecological Research, Lawrence, KS 66047, USA
- Correspondence:
| | - Adam B. Cobb
- Soil Food Web School, LLC, Corvallis, OR 97330, USA
| | - Gail W. T. Wilson
- Department of Natural Resource Ecology and Management, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74075, USA
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2
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Guo X, Wang P, Wang X, Li Y, Ji B. Specific Plant Mycorrhizal Responses Are Linked to Mycorrhizal Fungal Species Interactions. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:930069. [PMID: 35755699 PMCID: PMC9226604 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.930069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) on plants span the continuum from mutualism to parasitism due to the plant-AMF specificity, which obscures the utilization of AMF in the restoration of degraded lands. Caragana korshinskii, Hedysarum laeve, Caragana microphylla, and Poa annua are the most frequently used plants for revegetation in Kubuqi Desert, China, and the influence of AMF on their re-establishment remains to be explored further. Herein, using a greenhouse experiment, we tested the plant-AMF feedbacks between the four plant species and their conspecific or heterospecific AMF, retrieved from their rhizosphere in the Kubuqi Desert. AMF showed beneficial effects on plant growth for all these plant-AMF pairs. Generally, AMF increased the biomass of C. korshinskii, H. laeve, C. microphylla, and P. annua by 97.6, 50.6, 46.5, and 381.1%, respectively, relative to control. In addition, the AMF-plant specificity was detected. P. annua grew best, but C. microphylla grew worst with conspecific AMF communities. AMF community from P. annua showed the largest beneficial effect on all the plants (with biomass increased by 63.9-734.4%), while the AMF community from C. microphylla showed the least beneficial effect on all the plants (with biomass increased by 9.9-59.1%), except for P. annua (a 292.4% increase in biomass). The magnitude of AMF effects on plant growth was negatively correlated with the complexity of the corresponding AMF co-occurrence networks. Overall, this study suggests that AMF effects on plant growth vary due to plant-AMF specificity. We also observed the broad-spectrum benefits of the native AMF from P. annua, which indicates its potential utilization in the restoration of the desert vegetation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Guo
- School of Grassland Science, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Ping Wang
- Command Center for Integrated Natural Resource Survey, China Geological Survey, Beijing, China
| | - Xinjie Wang
- College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Yaoming Li
- School of Grassland Science, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Baoming Ji
- School of Grassland Science, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
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Guo X, Wang Z, Zhang J, Wang P, Li Y, Ji B. Host-Specific Effects of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi on Two Caragana Species in Desert Grassland. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:jof7121077. [PMID: 34947059 PMCID: PMC8708327 DOI: 10.3390/jof7121077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), which form symbioses with most land plants, could benefit their hosts and potentially play important roles in revegetation of degraded lands. However, their application in revegetation of desert grasslands still faces challenges and uncertainties due to the unclear specificity of AMF-plant interactions. Here, Caragana korshinskii and Caragana microphylla were inoculated with either conspecific (home) or heterospecific (away) AM fungal communities from the rhizosphere of three common plant species (C. korshinskii, C. microphylla and Hedysarum laeve) in Kubuqi Desert, China. AMF communities of the inocula and their home and away effects on growth and nutrition status of two Caragana species were examined. Results showed that AMF communities of the three inocula from C. korshinskii, H. laeve and C. microphylla were significantly different, and were characterized by high abundance of Diversispora, Archaeospora, and Glomus, respectively. The shoot biomass, photosynthetic rate, foliar N and P contents of C. korshinskii only significantly increased under home AMF inoculation by 167.10%, 73.55%, 9.24%, and 23.87%, respectively. However, no significant effects of AMF on C. microphylla growth were found, regardless of home or away AMF. Positive correlations between C. korshinskii biomass and the abundance of AMF genus Diversispora were found. Our study showed strong home advantage of using native AMF community to enhance C. korshinskii growth in the desert and presented a potentially efficient way to use native AMF in restoration practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Guo
- School of Grassland Science, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; (X.G.); (J.Z.)
| | - Zhen Wang
- Grassland Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hohhot 010010, China;
| | - Jing Zhang
- School of Grassland Science, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; (X.G.); (J.Z.)
| | - Ping Wang
- Command Center for Integrated Natural Resource Survey, China Geological Survey, Beijing 100055, China;
| | - Yaoming Li
- School of Grassland Science, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; (X.G.); (J.Z.)
- Correspondence: (Y.L.); (B.J.)
| | - Baoming Ji
- School of Grassland Science, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; (X.G.); (J.Z.)
- Correspondence: (Y.L.); (B.J.)
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Kadowaki K, Yamamoto S, Sato H, Tanabe AS, Hidaka A, Toju H. Mycorrhizal fungi mediate the direction and strength of plant-soil feedbacks differently between arbuscular mycorrhizal and ectomycorrhizal communities. Commun Biol 2018; 1:196. [PMID: 30480098 PMCID: PMC6244237 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-018-0201-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Plants influence their soil environment, which affects the next generation of seedlings that can be established. While research has shown that such plant-soil feedbacks occur in the presence of mycorrhizal fungi, it remains unclear when and how mycorrhizal fungi mediate the direction and strength of feedbacks in tree communities. Here we show that arbuscular mycorrhizal and ectomycorrhizal fungal guilds mediate plant-soil feedbacks differently to influence large-scale patterns such as tree species coexistence and succession. When seedlings are grown under the same mycorrhizal type forest, arbuscular mycorrhizal plant species exhibit negative or neutral feedbacks and ectomycorrhizal plant species do neutral or positive feedbacks. In contrast, positive and neutral feedbacks dominate when seedlings are grown in associations within the same versus different mycorrhizal types. Thus, ectomycorrhizal communities show more positive feedbacks than arbuscular mycorrhizal communities, potentially explaining why most temperate forests are ectomycorrhizal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kohmei Kadowaki
- Center for Ecological Research, Kyoto University, Hirano 2, Otsu, Shiga, 520-2113, Japan.
- Research and Educational Unit for Studies on Connectivity of Hills, Humans and Oceans, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa Oiwake-cho, Sakyo, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan.
| | - Satoshi Yamamoto
- Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa Oiwake-cho, Sakyo, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Hirotoshi Sato
- Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Yoshida Nihonmatsu-cho, Sakyo, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Akifumi S Tanabe
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Ryukoku University, 1-5 Yokotani, Seta Oe-cho, Otsu, Shiga, 520-2194, Japan
| | - Amane Hidaka
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa Oiwake-cho, Sakyo, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Toju
- Center for Ecological Research, Kyoto University, Hirano 2, Otsu, Shiga, 520-2113, Japan
- Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology (PRESTO), Japan Science and Technology Agency, Kawaguchi, Saitama, 332-0012, Japan
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Koziol L, Schultz PA, House GL, Bauer JT, Middleton EL, Bever JD. The Plant Microbiome and Native Plant Restoration: The Example of Native Mycorrhizal Fungi. Bioscience 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/biosci/biy125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Liz Koziol
- Kansas Biological Survey, at the University of Kansas, in Lawrence
| | - Peggy A Schultz
- Kansas Biological Survey, at the University of Kansas, in Lawrence
| | | | | | | | - James D Bever
- Kansas Biological Survey, at the University of Kansas, in Lawrence
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Herbivore removal reduces influence of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on plant growth and tolerance in an East African savanna. Oecologia 2018; 187:123-133. [PMID: 29594499 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-018-4124-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/18/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
The functional relationship between arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and their hosts is variable on small spatial scales. Here, we hypothesized that herbivore exclusion changes the AMF community and alters the ability of AMF to enhance plant tolerance to grazing. We grew the perennial bunchgrass, Themeda triandra Forssk in inoculum from soils collected in the Kenya Long-term Exclosure Experiment where treatments representing different levels of herbivory have been in place since 1995. We assessed AMF diversity in the field, using terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism and compared fungal diversity among treatments. We conducted clipping experiments in the greenhouse and field and assessed regrowth. Plants inoculated with AMF from areas accessed by wild herbivores and cattle had greater biomass than non-inoculated controls, while plants inoculated with AMF from where large herbivores were excluded did not benefit from AMF in terms of biomass production. However, only the inoculation with AMF from areas with wild herbivores and no cattle had a positive effect on regrowth, relative to clipped plants grown without AMF. Similarly, in the field, regrowth of plants after clipping in areas with only native herbivores was higher than other treatments. Functional differences in AMF were evident despite little difference in AMF species richness or community composition. Our findings suggest that differences in large herbivore communities over nearly two decades has resulted in localized, functional changes in AMF communities. Our results add to the accumulating evidence that mycorrhizae are locally adapted and that functional differences can evolve within small geographical areas.
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Waller LP, Hahn PG, Maron JL, Lekberg Y. Trait differences in responses to arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi are stronger and more consistent than fixed differences among populations of Asclepias speciosa. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY 2018; 105:207-214. [PMID: 29573396 DOI: 10.1002/ajb2.1038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE OF THE STUDY Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi can promote plant growth and reproduction, but other plant physiological traits or traits that provide defense against herbivores can also be affected by AM fungi. However, whether responses of different traits to AM fungi are correlated and whether these relationships vary among plants from different populations are unresolved. METHODS In a common garden experiment, we grew Asclepias speciosa plants from seed collected from populations found along an environmental gradient with and without AM fungi to assess whether the responses of six growth and defense traits to AM fungi are correlated. KEY RESULTS Although there was strong genetic differentiation in mean trait values among populations, AM fungi consistently increased expression of most growth and defense traits across all populations. Responses of biomass and root to shoot ratio to AM fungi were positively correlated, suggesting that plants that are more responsive to AM fungi allocated more biomass belowground. Responses of biomass and trichome density to AM fungi were negatively correlated, indicating a trade-off in responsiveness between a growth and defensive trait. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that while there is substantial population differentiation in many traits of A. speciosa, populations respond similarly to AM fungi, and both positive and negative correlations among trait responses occur.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren P Waller
- Lincoln University, P.O. Box 85084 Lincoln, 7647, Canterbury, New Zealand
- MPG Ranch, 1001 South Higgins Avenue #A3, Missoula, MT, 59801, USA
| | - Philip G Hahn
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, 32 Campus Drive, Missoula, MT, 59812, USA
| | - John L Maron
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, 32 Campus Drive, Missoula, MT, 59812, USA
| | - Ylva Lekberg
- MPG Ranch, 1001 South Higgins Avenue #A3, Missoula, MT, 59801, USA
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Meddad-Hamza A, Hamza N, Neffar S, Beddiar A, Gianinazzi S, Chenchouni H. Spatiotemporal variation of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal colonization in olive (Olea europaea L.) roots across a broad mesic-xeric climatic gradient in North Africa. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 583:176-189. [PMID: 28094046 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.01.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Revised: 01/08/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to determine the spatiotemporal dynamics of root colonization and spore density of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) in the rhizosphere of olive trees (Olea europaea) with different plantation ages and under different climatic areas in Algeria. Soil and root samples were seasonally collected from three olive plantations of different ages. Other samples were carried out in productive olive orchards cultivated under a climatic gradient (desertic, semi-arid, subhumid, and humid). The olive varieties analysed in this study were Blanquette, Rougette, Chemlel and the wild-olive. Spore density, mycorrhization intensity (M%), spore diversity and the most probable number (MPN) were determined. Both the intensity of mycorrhizal colonization and spore density increased with the increase of seasonal precipitation and decreased with the increase of air temperature regardless of the climatic region or olive variety. The variety Rougette had the highest mycorrhizal levels in all plantation ages and climates. Spore community was composed of the genera Rhizophagus, Funneliformis, Glomus, Septoglomus, Gigaspora, Scutellospora and Entrophospora. The genus Glomus, with four species, predominated in all climate regions. Spores of Gigaspora sp. and Scutellospora sp. were the most abundant in desertic plantations. Statistical models indicated a positive relationship between spore density and M% during spring and winter in young seedlings and old plantations. A significant positive relationship was found between MPN and spore density under different climates. For a mycotrophic species, the rhizosphere of olive trees proved to be poor in mycorrhiza in terms of mycorrhizal colonization and numbers of the infective AMF propagules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amel Meddad-Hamza
- Laboratoire de Biologie Végétale et Environnement, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Badji Mokhtar, Annaba 23000, Algeria
| | - Nabila Hamza
- Laboratoire de Biologie Végétale et Environnement, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Badji Mokhtar, Annaba 23000, Algeria
| | - Souad Neffar
- Department of Natural and Life Sciences, Faculty of Exact Sciences and Natural and Life Sciences, University of Tebessa, Tebessa 12000, Algeria
| | - Arifa Beddiar
- Laboratoire de Biologie Végétale et Environnement, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Badji Mokhtar, Annaba 23000, Algeria
| | - Silvio Gianinazzi
- INOCULUMplus Technopôle Agro-Environnement RD31, Bretenière 21110, France
| | - Haroun Chenchouni
- Department of Natural and Life Sciences, Faculty of Exact Sciences and Natural and Life Sciences, University of Tebessa, Tebessa 12000, Algeria.
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9
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Yang R, Cai X, Li X, Christie P, Zhang J, Gai J. Temperature-mediated local adaptation alters the symbiotic function in arbuscular mycorrhiza. Environ Microbiol 2017; 19:2616-2628. [PMID: 28345305 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.13737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2016] [Revised: 03/19/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Variation in the symbiotic function of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AM fungi) has been demonstrated among distinct biotic and abiotic interactions. However, there is little knowledge on how local temperature conditions influence the functional divergence of AM symbionts in alpine ecosystems. Here, we conduct a reciprocal inoculation experiment to explore the three-way interactions among plants, AM fungal inoculum and temperature at sites of contrasting elevation. Evidence of local adaptation of plant growth was found only under low temperature conditions, with no consistent local versus foreign effect found in AM fungal performance. The origin of either the plant or the inoculum relative to the temperature was important in explaining symbiotic function. Specifically, when inoculum and temperature were sympatric but allopatric to the plant, poor adaptation by the plant to the novel environment was clearly found under both temperature conditions. Further analysis found that the symbiotic function was inversely related to fungal diversity under high temperature conditions. These results suggest that local adaptation represents a powerful factor in the establishment of novel combinations of plant, inoculum and temperature, and confirms the importance of taking into account both biotic and abiotic interactions in the prediction of the response of symbionts to global environmental change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention, Control and Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.,College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xiaobu Cai
- Tibet Agricultural and Animal Husbandry College, Tibet University, Linzhi, 860000, China
| | - Xiaolin Li
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Peter Christie
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Junling Zhang
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jingping Gai
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention, Control and Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.,College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
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10
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Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal community composition associated with Juniperus brevifolia in native Azorean forest. ACTA OECOLOGICA 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.actao.2016.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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11
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Copeland SM, Harrison SP. Shading and litter mediate the effects of soil fertility on the performance of an understorey herb. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2016; 118:1187-1198. [PMID: 27604279 PMCID: PMC5091728 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcw172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2016] [Revised: 05/13/2016] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Soil fertility and topographic microclimate are common determinants of plant species distributions. However, biotic conditions also vary along these abiotic gradients, and may mediate their effects on plants. In this study, we investigated whether soils and topographic microclimate acted directly on the performance of a focal understorey plant, or indirectly via changing biotic conditions. METHODS We examined direct and indirect relationships between abiotic variables (soil fertility and topographic microclimate) and biotic factors (overstorey and understorey cover, litter depth and mycorrhizal colonization) and the occurrence, density and flowering of a common understorey herb, Trientalis latifolia, in the Klamath-Siskiyou Mountains, Oregon, USA. RESULTS We found that the positive effects of soil fertility on Trientalis occurrence were mediated by greater overstorey shading and deeper litter. However, we did not find any effects of topographic microclimate on Trientalis distribution that were mediated by the biotic variables we measured. The predictive success of Trientalis species distribution models with soils and topographic microclimate increased by 12 % with the addition of the biotic variables. CONCLUSIONS Our results reinforce the idea that species distributions are the outcome of interrelated abiotic gradients and biotic interactions, and suggest that biotic conditions, such as overstorey density, should be included in species distribution models if data are available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stella M Copeland
- Environmental Science and Policy, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Susan P Harrison
- Environmental Science and Policy, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
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12
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Welling MT, Liu L, Rose TJ, Waters DLE, Benkendorff K. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi: effects on plant terpenoid accumulation. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2016; 18:552-62. [PMID: 26499392 DOI: 10.1111/plb.12408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are a diverse group of soil-dwelling fungi that form symbiotic associations with land plants. AMF-plant associations promote the accumulation of plant terpenoids beneficial to human health, although how AMF mediate terpenoid accumulation is not fully understood. A critical assessment and discussion of the literature relating to mechanisms by which AMF influence plant terpenoid accumulation, and whether this symbiosis can be harnessed in horticultural ecosystems was performed. Modification of plant morphology, phosphorus availability and gene transcription involved with terpenoid biosynthetic pathways were identified as key mechanisms associated with terpenoid accumulation in AMF-colonised plants. In order to exploit AMF-plant symbioses in horticultural ecosystems it is important to consider the specificity of the AMF-plant association, the predominant factor affecting terpenoid accumulation, as well as the end use application of the harvested plant material. Future research should focus on resolving the relationship between ecologically matched AMF genotypes and terpenoid accumulation in plants to establish if these associations are effective in promoting mechanisms favourable for plant terpenoid accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M T Welling
- Southern Cross Plant Science, Southern Cross University, Lismore, NSW, Australia
| | - L Liu
- Southern Cross Plant Science, Southern Cross University, Lismore, NSW, Australia
| | - T J Rose
- Southern Cross Plant Science, Southern Cross University, Lismore, NSW, Australia
- Southern Cross GeoScience, Southern Cross University, Lismore, NSW, Australia
| | - D L E Waters
- Southern Cross Plant Science, Southern Cross University, Lismore, NSW, Australia
| | - K Benkendorff
- School of Environment, Science & Engineering, Southern Cross University, Lismore, NSW, Australia
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13
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Rúa MA, Antoninka A, Antunes PM, Chaudhary VB, Gehring C, Lamit LJ, Piculell BJ, Bever JD, Zabinski C, Meadow JF, Lajeunesse MJ, Milligan BG, Karst J, Hoeksema JD. Home-field advantage? evidence of local adaptation among plants, soil, and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi through meta-analysis. BMC Evol Biol 2016; 16:122. [PMID: 27287440 PMCID: PMC4902977 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-016-0698-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2016] [Accepted: 06/02/2016] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Local adaptation, the differential success of genotypes in their native versus foreign environment, arises from various evolutionary processes, but the importance of concurrent abiotic and biotic factors as drivers of local adaptation has only recently been investigated. Local adaptation to biotic interactions may be particularly important for plants, as they associate with microbial symbionts that can significantly affect their fitness and may enable rapid evolution. The arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbiosis is ideal for investigations of local adaptation because it is globally widespread among most plant taxa and can significantly affect plant growth and fitness. Using meta-analysis on 1170 studies (from 139 papers), we investigated the potential for local adaptation to shape plant growth responses to arbuscular mycorrhizal inoculation. RESULTS The magnitude and direction for mean effect size of mycorrhizal inoculation on host biomass depended on the geographic origin of the soil and symbiotic partners. Sympatric combinations of plants, AM fungi, and soil yielded large increases in host biomass compared to when all three components were allopatric. The origin of either the fungi or the plant relative to the soil was important for explaining the effect of AM inoculation on plant biomass. If plant and soil were sympatric but allopatric to the fungus, the positive effect of AM inoculation was much greater than when all three components were allopatric, suggesting potential local adaptation of the plant to the soil; however, if fungus and soil were sympatric (but allopatric to the plant) the effect of AM inoculation was indistinct from that of any allopatric combinations, indicating maladaptation of the fungus to the soil. CONCLUSIONS This study underscores the potential to detect local adaptation for mycorrhizal relationships across a broad swath of the literature. Geographic origin of plants relative to the origin of AM fungal communities and soil is important for describing the effect of mycorrhizal inoculation on plant biomass, suggesting that local adaptation represents a powerful factor for the establishment of novel combinations of fungi, plants, and soils. These results highlight the need for subsequent investigations of local adaptation in the mycorrhizal symbiosis and emphasize the importance of routinely considering the origin of plant, soil, and fungal components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan A Rúa
- Department of Biology, University of Mississippi, P.O. Box 1848, University, 38677, MS, USA.
- National Institute for Mathematical and Biological Synthesis, University of Tennessee, 1122 Volunteer Blvd, Knoxville, TN, 37996-3410, USA.
| | - Anita Antoninka
- School of Forestry, Northern Arizona University, 200 E. Pine Knoll, Flagstaff, AZ, 86011, USA
| | - Pedro M Antunes
- Department of Biology, Algoma University, 1520 Queen Street East, Sault Ste. Marie, ON, P6A 2G4, Canada
| | - V Bala Chaudhary
- Department of Environmental Science and Studies, DePaul University, McGowan South Suite 203, 1110 West Belden Avenue, Chicago, IL, 60614, USA
| | - Catherine Gehring
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, 617 S. Beaver Street, Flagstaff, AZ, 86011-5640, USA
| | - Louis J Lamit
- School of Forest Resources and Environmental Science, Michigan Technological University, 1400 Townsend Dr, Houghton, MI, 49931-1295, USA
| | - Bridget J Piculell
- Department of Biology, University of Mississippi, P.O. Box 1848, University, 38677, MS, USA
| | - James D Bever
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, 66045, USA
| | - Cathy Zabinski
- Department of Land Resources and Environmental Sciences, Montana State University, 344 Leon Johnson Hall, Bozeman, MT, 59717, USA
| | - James F Meadow
- Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Oregon, 335 Pacific Hall, Eugene, OR, 97403, USA
| | - Marc J Lajeunesse
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of South Florida, 4202 East Fowler Avenue, Tampa, FL, 33620, USA
| | - Brook G Milligan
- Department of Biology, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM, 88003, USA
| | - Justine Karst
- Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, 442 Earth Sciences Building, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2E3, Canada
| | - Jason D Hoeksema
- Department of Biology, University of Mississippi, P.O. Box 1848, University, 38677, MS, USA
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14
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Ji B, Bever JD. Plant preferential allocation and fungal reward decline with soil phosphorus: implications for mycorrhizal mutualism. Ecosphere 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.1256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Baoming Ji
- College of Forestry Beijing Forestry University Beijing 100083 China
| | - James D. Bever
- Department of Biology Indiana University Bloomington Indiana 47405 USA
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of Kansas Lawrence Kansas 66045 USA
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15
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Emam T. Local soil, but not commercial AMF inoculum, increases native and non-native grass growth at a mine restoration site. Restor Ecol 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/rec.12287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Taraneh Emam
- Department of Plant Sciences; University of California, Davis; 1210 PES Mail Stop 1, One Shields Avenue Davis CA 95811 U.S.A
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16
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Davies HS, Cox F, Robinson CH, Pittman JK. Radioactivity and the environment: technical approaches to understand the role of arbuscular mycorrhizal plants in radionuclide bioaccumulation. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 6:580. [PMID: 26284096 PMCID: PMC4515546 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.00580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2015] [Accepted: 07/13/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Phytoaccumulation of radionuclides is of significant interest with regards to monitoring radionuclide build-up in food chains, developing methods for environmental bioremediation and for ecological management. There are many gaps in our understanding of the characteristics and mechanisms of plant radionuclide accumulation, including the importance of symbiotically-associated arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi. We first briefly review the evidence that demonstrates the ability of AM fungi to enhance the translocation of (238)U into plant root tissues, and how fungal association may prevent further mobilization into shoot tissues. We then focus on approaches that should further advance our knowledge of AM fungi-plant radionuclide accumulation. Current research has mostly used artificial cultivation methods and we consider how more ecologically-relevant analysis might be performed. The use of synchrotron-based X-ray fluorescence imaging and absorption spectroscopy techniques to understand the mechanisms of radionuclide transfer from soil to plant via AM fungi is evaluated. Without such further knowledge, the behavior and mobilization of radionuclides cannot be accurately modeled and the potential risks cannot be accurately predicted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena S. Davies
- Faculty of Life Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- School of Earth, Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Filipa Cox
- Faculty of Life Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- School of Earth, Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Clare H. Robinson
- School of Earth, Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Jon K. Pittman
- Faculty of Life Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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17
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Kranabetter JM, Stoehr M, O'Neill GA. Ectomycorrhizal fungal maladaptation and growth reductions associated with assisted migration of Douglas-fir. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2015; 206:1135-1144. [PMID: 25623442 DOI: 10.1111/nph.13287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2014] [Accepted: 12/17/2014] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Climatic adaptations are the foundation of conifer genecology, but populations also display variation in traits for nitrogen (N) utilization, along with some heritable specificity for ectomycorrhizal fungi (EMF). We examined soil and EMF influences on assisted migration of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesii) by comparing two contrasting maritime populations planted up to 400 km northward in southwestern British Columbia. Soil N availability and host N status (via δ(15) N) were assessed across 12 maritime test sites, whereas EMF on local and introduced hosts were quantified by morphotyping with molecular analysis. Climatic transfer effects were only significant with soil N concentrations of test sites as a covariate, and illustrated how height growth was compromised for populations originating from relatively dry or cool maritime environments. We also found evidence for EMF maladaptation, where height declined by up to 15% with the extent of dissimilarity in EMF communities of southern populations relative to local hosts. The results demonstrate how geographic structure in belowground environments can contribute to conifer genecology. Differences in the inherent growth potential of conifers may be partly related to nutritional adaptations arising under native soil fertility, and optimization of this growth potential likely requires close affiliation with local EMF communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Marty Kranabetter
- BC Ministry of Forests, Lands and Natural Resource Operations, PO Box 9536 Stn Prov Govt, Victoria, BC, V8W 9C4, Canada
| | - Michael Stoehr
- BC Ministry of Forests, Lands and Natural Resource Operations, PO Box 9525 Stn Prov Govt, Victoria, BC, V8W 9C3, Canada
| | - Greg A O'Neill
- Kalamalka Forestry Centre, BC Ministry of Forests, Lands and Natural Resource Operations, 3401 Reservoir Road, Vernon, BC, V1B 2C7, Canada
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18
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Werner GDA, Kiers ET. Order of arrival structures arbuscular mycorrhizal colonization of plants. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2015; 205:1515-1524. [PMID: 25298030 DOI: 10.1111/nph.13092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2014] [Accepted: 08/25/2014] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Priority effects - the impact of a species' arrival on subsequent community development - have been shown to influence species composition in many organisms. Whether priority effects among arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) structure fungal root communities is not well understood. Here, we investigated whether priority effects influence the success of two closely related AMF species (Rhizophagus irregularis and Glomus aggregatum), hypothesizing that a resident AMF suppresses invader success, this effect is time-dependent and a resident will experience reduced growth when invaded. We performed two glasshouse experiments using modified pots, which permitted direct inoculation of resident and invading AMF on the roots. We quantified intraradical AMF abundances using quantitative PCR and visual colonization percentages. We found that both fungi suppressed the invading species and that this effect was strongly dependent on the time lag between inoculations. In contrast to our expectations, neither resident AMF was negatively affected by invasion. We show that order of arrival can influence the abundance of AMF species colonizing a host. These priority effects can have important implications for AMF ecology and the use of fungal inocula in sustainable agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gijsbert D A Werner
- Department of Ecological Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - E Toby Kiers
- Department of Ecological Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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19
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Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi facilitate the invasion of Solidago canadensis L. in southeastern China. ACTA OECOLOGICA-INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ECOLOGY 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.actao.2014.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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20
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Pánková H, Raabová J, Münzbergová Z. Mycorrhizal symbiosis and local adaptation in Aster amellus: a field transplant experiment. PLoS One 2014; 9:e93967. [PMID: 24709748 PMCID: PMC3977983 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0093967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2013] [Accepted: 03/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Many plant populations have adapted to local soil conditions. However, the role of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi is often overlooked in this context. Only a few studies have used reciprocal transplant experiments to study the relationships between soil conditions, mycorrhizal colonisation and plant growth. Furthermore, most of the studies were conducted under controlled greenhouse conditions. However, long-term field experiments can provide more realistic insights into this issue. We conducted a five-year field reciprocal transplant experiment to study the relationships between soil conditions, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and plant growth in the obligate mycotrophic herb Aster amellus. We conducted this study in two regions in the Czech Republic that differ significantly in their soil nutrient content, namely Czech Karst (region K) and Ceske Stredohori (region S). Plants that originated from region S had significantly higher mycorrhizal colonisation than plants from region K, indicating that the percentage of mycorrhizal colonisation has a genetic basis. We found no evidence of local adaptation in Aster amellus. Instead, plants from region S outperformed the plants from region K in both target regions. Similarly, plants from region S showed more mycorrhizal colonisation in all cases, which was likely driven by the lower nutrient content in the soil from that region. Thus, plant aboveground biomass and mycorrhizal colonisation exhibited corresponding differences between the two target regions and regions of origin. Higher mycorrhizal colonisation in the plants from region with lower soil nutrient content (region S) in both target regions indicates that mycorrhizal colonisation is an adaptive trait. However, lower aboveground biomass in the plants with lower mycorrhizal colonisation suggests that the plants from region K are in fact maladapted by their low inherent mycorrhizal colonization. We conclude that including mycorrhizal symbiosis in local adaptation studies may increase our understanding of the mechanisms by which plants adapt to their environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hana Pánková
- Institute of Botany, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Průhonice, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Raabová
- Department of Botany, National Museum, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Münzbergová
- Institute of Botany, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Průhonice, Czech Republic
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
- * E-mail:
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21
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Doubková P, Sudová R. Nickel tolerance of serpentine and non-serpentine Knautia arvensis plants as affected by arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis. MYCORRHIZA 2014; 24:209-217. [PMID: 24136374 DOI: 10.1007/s00572-013-0532-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2013] [Accepted: 09/25/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Serpentine soils have naturally elevated concentrations of certain heavy metals, including nickel. This study addressed the role of plant origin (serpentine vs. non-serpentine) and symbiosis with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) in plant Ni tolerance. A semi-hydroponic experiment involving three levels of Ni and serpentine and non-serpentine AMF isolates and populations of a model plant species (Knautia arvensis) revealed considerable negative effects of elevated Ni availability on both plant and fungal performance. Plant growth response to Ni was independent of edaphic origin; however, higher Ni tolerance of serpentine plants was indicated by a smaller decline in the concentrations of photosynthetic pigments and restricted root-to-shoot Ni translocation. Serpentine plants also retained relatively more Mg in their roots, resulting in a higher shoot Ca/Mg ratio. AMF inoculation, especially with the non-serpentine isolate, further aggravated Ni toxicity to host plants. Therefore, AMF do not appear to be involved in Ni tolerance of serpentine K. arvensis plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavla Doubková
- Institute of Botany, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, 252 43, Průhonice, Czech Republic,
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22
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Borowicz VA. The impact of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on plant growth following herbivory: A search for pattern. ACTA OECOLOGICA-INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ECOLOGY 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.actao.2013.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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23
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Doubková P, Kohout P, Sudová R. Soil nutritional status, not inoculum identity, primarily determines the effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on the growth of Knautia arvensis plants. MYCORRHIZA 2013; 23:561-572. [PMID: 23568184 DOI: 10.1007/s00572-013-0494-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2012] [Accepted: 03/10/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbiosis is among the factors contributing to plant survival in serpentine soils characterised by unfavourable physicochemical properties. However, AM fungi show a considerable functional diversity, which is further modified by host plant identity and edaphic conditions. To determine the variability among serpentine AM fungal isolates in their effects on plant growth and nutrition, a greenhouse experiment was conducted involving two serpentine and two non-serpentine populations of Knautia arvensis plants grown in their native substrates. The plants were inoculated with one of the four serpentine AM fungal isolates or with a complex AM fungal community native to the respective plant population. At harvest after 6-month cultivation, intraradical fungal development was assessed, AM fungal taxa established from native fungal communities were determined and plant growth and element uptake evaluated. AM symbiosis significantly improved the performance of all the K. arvensis populations. The extent of mycorrhizal growth promotion was mainly governed by nutritional status of the substrate, while the effect of AM fungal identity was negligible. Inoculation with the native AM fungal communities was not more efficient than inoculation with single AM fungal isolates in any plant population. Contrary to the growth effects, a certain variation among AM fungal isolates was revealed in terms of their effects on plant nutrient uptake, especially P, Mg and Ca, with none of the AM fungi being generally superior in this respect. Regardless of AM symbiosis, K. arvensis populations significantly differed in their relative nutrient accumulation ratios, clearly showing the plant's ability to adapt to nutrient deficiency/excess.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavla Doubková
- Institute of Botany, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, 252 43, Průhonice, Czech Republic,
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24
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Ji B, Gehring CA, Wilson GWT, Miller RM, Flores-Rentería L, Johnson NC. Patterns of diversity and adaptation in Glomeromycota from three prairie grasslands. Mol Ecol 2013; 22:2573-87. [DOI: 10.1111/mec.12268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2012] [Revised: 01/16/2013] [Accepted: 01/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Baoming Ji
- Department of Biological Sciences; Northern Arizona University; Flagstaff AZ 86011 USA
| | - Catherine A. Gehring
- Department of Biological Sciences; Northern Arizona University; Flagstaff AZ 86011 USA
| | - Gail W. T. Wilson
- Department of Natural Resource Ecology & Management; Oklahoma State University; Stillwater OK 74078 USA
| | - R. M. Miller
- Biosciences Division; Argonne National Laboratory; Argonne IL 60439 USA
| | | | - Nancy Collins Johnson
- Department of Biological Sciences; Northern Arizona University; Flagstaff AZ 86011 USA
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25
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Schechter SP, Bruns TD. A common garden test of host-symbiont specificity supports a dominant role for soil type in determining AMF assemblage structure in Collinsia sparsiflora. PLoS One 2013; 8:e55507. [PMID: 23393588 PMCID: PMC3564749 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0055507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2012] [Accepted: 12/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Specialization in plant host-symbiont-soil interactions may help mediate plant adaptation to edaphic stress. Our previous field study showed ecological evidence for host-symbiont specificity between serpentine and non-serpentine adapted ecotypes of Collinsia sparsiflora and arbuscular mycorrrhizal fungi (AMF). To test for adapted plant ecotype-AMF specificity between C. sparsiflora ecotypes and field AMF taxa, we conducted an AMF common garden greenhouse experiment. We grew C. sparsiflora ecotypes individually in a common pool of serpentine and non-serpentine AMF then identified the root AMF by amplifying rDNA, cloning, and sequencing and compared common garden AMF associates to serpentine and non-serpentine AMF controls. Mixing of serpentine and non-serpentine AMF soil inoculum resulted in an intermediate soil classified as non-serpentine soil type. Within this common garden both host ecotypes associated with AMF assemblages that resembled those seen in a non-serpentine soil. ANOSIM analysis and MDS ordination showed that common garden AMF assemblages differed significantly from those in the serpentine-only controls (R = 0.643, P<0.001), but were similar the non-serpentine-only control AMF assemblages (R = 0.081, P<0.31). There was no evidence of adapted host ecotype-AMF specificity. Instead soil type accounted for most of the variation AM fungi association patterns, and some differences between field and greenhouse behavior of individual AM fungi were found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon P Schechter
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California, United States of America.
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26
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Hart MM, Forsythe J, Oshowski B, Bücking H, Jansa J, Kiers ET. Hiding in a crowd—does diversity facilitate persistence of a low-quality fungal partner in the mycorrhizal symbiosis? Symbiosis 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s13199-012-0197-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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27
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Glassman SI, Casper BB. Biotic contexts alter metal sequestration and AMF effects on plant growth in soils polluted with heavy metals. Ecology 2012; 93:1550-9. [DOI: 10.1890/10-2135.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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28
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Kranabetter JM, Stoehr MU, O'Neill GA. Divergence in ectomycorrhizal communities with foreign Douglas-fir populations and implications for assisted migration. ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS : A PUBLICATION OF THE ECOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2012; 22:550-560. [PMID: 22611853 DOI: 10.1890/11-1514.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Assisted migration of forest trees has been widely proposed as a climate change adaptation strategy, but moving tree populations to match anticipated future climates may disrupt the geographically based, coevolved association suggested to exist between host trees and ectomycorrhizal fungal (EMF) communities. We explored this issue by examining the consistency of EMF communities among populations of 40 year-old Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesii) trees in a common-garden field trial using four provenances from contrasting coastal climates in southwestern British Columbia. Considerable variation in EMF community composition within test sites was found, ranging from 0.38 to 0.65 in the mean similarity index, and the divergence in EMF communities from local populations increased with site productivity. Clinal patterns in colonization success were detected for generalist and specialist EMF species on only the two productive test sites. Host population effects were limited to EMF species abundance rather than species loss, as richness per site averaged 15.0 among provenances and did not differ by transfer extent (up to 450 km), while Shannon's diversity index declined slightly. Large differences in colonization rates of specialist fungi, such as Tomentella stuposa and Clavulina cristata, raise the possibility that EMF communities maladapted to soil conditions contributed to the inferior growth of some host populations on productive sites. The results of the study suggest locally based specificity in host-fungal communities is likely a contributing factor in the outcome of provenance trials, and should be a consideration in analyzing seed-transfer effects and developing strategies for assisted migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Kranabetter
- B.C. Ministry of Forests, Lands and Natural Resource Operations, P.O. Box 9536 Stn Prov Govt, Victoria, British Columbia V8W 9C4, Canada.
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29
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Hufford KM, Mazer SJ. Local Adaptation and the Effects of Grazing on the Performance ofNassella pulchra: Implications for Seed Sourcing in Restoration. Restor Ecol 2011. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1526-100x.2011.00843.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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30
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Ji B, Bentivenga SP, Casper BB. Comparisons of AM fungal spore communities with the same hosts but different soil chemistries over local and geographic scales. Oecologia 2011; 168:187-97. [DOI: 10.1007/s00442-011-2067-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2011] [Accepted: 06/27/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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31
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Andonian K, Hierro JL, Khetsuriani L, Becerra P, Janoyan G, Villarreal D, Cavieres L, Fox LR, Callaway RM. Range-expanding populations of a globally introduced weed experience negative plant-soil feedbacks. PLoS One 2011; 6:e20117. [PMID: 21629781 PMCID: PMC3100334 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0020117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2010] [Accepted: 04/25/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Biological invasions are fundamentally biogeographic processes that occur over large spatial scales. Interactions with soil microbes can have strong impacts on plant invasions, but how these interactions vary among areas where introduced species are highly invasive vs. naturalized is still unknown. In this study, we examined biogeographic variation in plant-soil microbe interactions of a globally invasive weed, Centaurea solstitialis (yellow starthistle). We addressed the following questions (1) Is Centaurea released from natural enemy pressure from soil microbes in introduced regions? and (2) Is variation in plant-soil feedbacks associated with variation in Centaurea's invasive success? METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS We conducted greenhouse experiments using soils and seeds collected from native Eurasian populations and introduced populations spanning North and South America where Centaurea is highly invasive and noninvasive. Soil microbes had pervasive negative effects in all regions, although the magnitude of their effect varied among regions. These patterns were not unequivocally congruent with the enemy release hypothesis. Surprisingly, we also found that Centaurea generated strong negative feedbacks in regions where it is the most invasive, while it generated neutral plant-soil feedbacks where it is noninvasive. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE Recent studies have found reduced below-ground enemy attack and more positive plant-soil feedbacks in range-expanding plant populations, but we found increased negative effects of soil microbes in range-expanding Centaurea populations. While such negative feedbacks may limit the long-term persistence of invasive plants, such feedbacks may also contribute to the success of invasions, either by having disproportionately negative impacts on competing species, or by yielding relatively better growth in uncolonized areas that would encourage lateral spread. Enemy release from soil-borne pathogens is not sufficient to explain the success of this weed in such different regions. The biogeographic variation in soil-microbe effects indicates that different mechanisms may operate on this species in different regions, thus establishing geographic mosaics of species interactions that contribute to variation in invasion success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krikor Andonian
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California, United States of America.
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