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Kim SS, Gil M, Min EJ. Machine learning models for predicting depression in Korean young employees. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1201054. [PMID: 37501944 PMCID: PMC10371256 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1201054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The incidence of depression among employees has gradually risen. Previous studies have focused on predicting the risk of depression, but most studies were conducted using basic statistical methods. This study used machine learning algorithms to build models that detect and identify the important factors associated with depression in the workplace. Methods A total of 503 employees completed an online survey that included questionnaires on general characteristics, physical health, job-related factors, psychosocial protective, and risk factors in the workplace. The dataset contained 27 predictor variables and one dependent variable which referred to the status of employees (normal or at the risk of depression). The prediction accuracy of three machine learning models using sparse logistic regression, support vector machine, and random forest was compared with the accuracy, precision, sensitivity, specificity, and AUC. Additionally, the important factors identified via sparse logistic regression and random forest. Results All machine learning models demonstrated similar results, with the lowest accuracy obtained from sparse logistic regression and support vector machine (86.8%) and the highest accuracy from random forest (88.7%). The important factors identified in this study were gender, physical health, job, psychosocial protective factors, and psychosocial risk and protective factors in the workplace. Discussion The results of this study indicated the potential of machine learning models to accurately predict the risk of depression among employees. The identified factors that influence the risk of depression can contribute to the development of intelligent mental healthcare systems that can detect early signs of depressive symptoms in the workplace.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suk-Sun Kim
- College of Nursing, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Minji Gil
- College of Nursing, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Jeong Min
- Department of Medical Life Sciences, School of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
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de la Fuente A, Cardeñoso O, Chang EC, Lucas AG, Li M, Chang OD. The role of problem-solving ability, beyond academic motivation, in college students’ psychological adjustment. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-022-02945-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AbstractIn the changing and demanding university context, various situations are experienced wherein abilities to maintain motivation and activate problem solving could be relevant in students’ adjustment. Beyond the widely analyzed role of academic motivation, this study focused on the added value of social problem-solving ability in student adjustment in the academic context. Analyses based on the responses obtained from 253 students (197 women and 56 men) indicated the significant role of social problem-solving ability in student adjustment, with a small additional amount (f2 = .09) 9% of variance in life satisfaction and medium additional amount (f2 = .17) 15% of variance in depressive symptoms, beyond academic motivation. In particular, negative problem orientation was an important predictor of depressive symptoms (β = .41, p < .001) and life satisfaction (β = − .26, p < .001); however, positive problem orientation was only an important predictor of life satisfaction (β = .21, p < .01). This study also showed the predictive role of the value, expectancy, and affection components of motivation in student adjustment. Overall, the findings highlight the relevance of training in problem-solving orientation and motivational components to improve college students’ general well-being.
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Li Y, Qu G, Kong H, Ma X, Cao L, Li T, Wang Y. Rumination and "hot" executive function of middle school students during the COVID-19 pandemic: A moderated mediation model of depression and mindfulness. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:989904. [PMID: 36451769 PMCID: PMC9702809 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.989904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The outbreak of COVID-19 had a widely negative effect on adolescents' academics, stress, and mental health. At a critical period of cortical development, adolescents' cognition levels are highly developed, while the ability of emotion control is not developed at the same pace. Faced with negative emotions such as stress and social loneliness caused by COVID-19, adolescents' "hot" executive function encounters severer emotional regulation challenges than ever before. OBJECTIVE The present study established a moderated mediation model to investigate the impact of rumination on "hot" execution function among Chinese middle school students during the COVID-19 pandemic, and the specific role of depression and mindfulness in the association. MATERIALS AND METHODS This cross-sectional study was conducted on 650 students recruited from a province in central China. The participants completed questionnaires and experiment between July 2021 and August 2021. Rumination Responses Scales, Self-rating Depression Scale, and Mindful Attention Awareness Scale were used to measure the level of rumination, depression, and mindfulness. The reaction time and accuracy of the emotional conflict experiment were recorded to reflect the "hot" executive function. RESULTS The results of the moderated mediation model indicated that rumination of middle school students significantly and positively predicted depression in adolescents (β = 0.26, p < 0.001). Meanwhile, the indirect effect of depression on the relationship between rumination and "hot" executive function was significant; depression partially mediated this relationship (word-face congruent condition: β = -0.09, p < 0.01; word-face incongruent condition: β = -0.07, p < 0.05). Furthermore, mindfulness buffered the association between rumination and depression, according to moderated mediation analysis (β = -0.11, p < 0.001). For adolescents with low levels of mindfulness, the relationship was substantially stronger. CONCLUSION In the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, middle school students' rumination would lead to depression, which can negatively impact their "hot" executive function. Besides, mindfulness could resist the adverse effect of rumination on depression. The educators should pay more attention to students' mental health, provide targeted strategies that boost mindfulness to promote their cognitive flexibility, and thus protect the normal development of their executive function during crisis events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Li
- School of Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Guiping Qu
- School of Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Huiyan Kong
- School of Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaobo Ma
- School of Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Lei Cao
- School of Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Tiantian Li
- School of Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yue Wang
- School of Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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Ye B, Zhou X, Im H, Liu M, Wang XQ, Yang Q. Epidemic Rumination and Resilience on College Students' Depressive Symptoms During the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Mediating Role of Fatigue. Front Public Health 2020; 8:560983. [PMID: 33363075 PMCID: PMC7755644 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2020.560983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The restriction of numerous sectors of society and the uncertainty surrounding the development of the COVID-19 pandemic have resulted in adverse psychological states to college students isolated at home. In this study, we explored the mediating role of fatigue in the effects of epidemic rumination and resilience on depressive symptoms as well as how epidemic rumination and resilience may interact with one another. A large sample of Chinese college students (N = 1,293) completed measures on epidemic rumination, resilience, fatigue, and depressive symptoms. Results indicated depressive symptomology was positively predicted by epidemic rumination while negatively predicted by resilience. In both cases, fatigue partially mediated these effects and positively predicted depressive symptoms. Unexpectedly, epidemic rumination and resilience interacted in a manner where the effect of rumination on fatigue became stronger as resiliency increased. Theoretical and practical implications are provided to further interpret the results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baojuan Ye
- Center of Mental Health Education and Research, School of Psychology, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, China
| | - Xiuxiu Zhou
- Center of Mental Health Education and Research, School of Psychology, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, China
| | - Hohjin Im
- Department of Psychological Science, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Mingfan Liu
- Center of Mental Health Education and Research, School of Psychology, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, China
| | - Xin Qiang Wang
- Center of Mental Health Education and Research, School of Psychology, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, China
| | - Qiang Yang
- School of Education, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, China
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Ye B, Wu D, Im H, Liu M, Wang X, Yang Q. Stressors of COVID-19 and stress consequences: The mediating role of rumination and the moderating role of psychological support. CHILDREN AND YOUTH SERVICES REVIEW 2020; 118:105466. [PMID: 32994656 PMCID: PMC7515821 DOI: 10.1016/j.childyouth.2020.105466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUNDS AND AIMS As COVID-19 spreads rapidly, this global pandemic has not only brought the risk of death but also spread unbearable psychological pressure to people around the world. The aim of this study was to explore (a) the mediating role of rumination in the association between stressors of COVID-19 and stress consequences of college students, and (b) the moderating role of psychological support in the indirect relationship between stressors of COVID-19 and stress consequences of college students. METHODS Eight hundred and forty-one Chinese college students (Mage = 19.50 years, SD = 1.580) completed the measures of stressors of COVID-19, stress consequences, rumination, and psychological support. RESULTS Stressors of COVID-19 were significantly positively associated with stress consequences, and mediation analyses indicated that rumination partially mediated this association. Moderated mediation analysis further revealed that psychological support buffered the relation between stressors of COVID-19 and rumination, as well as the relation between rumination and stress consequences. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION Findings of this study demonstrated that stressors associated with COVID-19 is positively related to rumination, which in turn, is related to stress consequences in college students. However, psychological support buffered this effect at both indirect mediation paths, suggesting that college students with greater psychological support may be better equipped to prevent negative stress consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baojuan Ye
- Center of Mental Health Education and Research, School of Psychology, Jiangxi Normal University, 99 Ziyang Avenue, Nanchang 330022, China
| | - Dehua Wu
- Center of Mental Health Education and Research, School of Psychology, Jiangxi Normal University, 99 Ziyang Avenue, Nanchang 330022, China
| | - Hohjin Im
- Department of Psychological Science, University of California, Irvine, 4201 Social & Behavioral Sciences Gateway, Irvine 92617, United States
| | - Mingfan Liu
- Center of Mental Health Education and Research, School of Psychology, Jiangxi Normal University, 99 Ziyang Avenue, Nanchang 330022, China
| | - Xinqiang Wang
- Center of Mental Health Education and Research, School of Psychology, Jiangxi Normal University, 99 Ziyang Avenue, Nanchang 330022, China
| | - Qiang Yang
- School of Education, Jiangxi Normal University, 99 Ziyang Avenue, Nanchang 330022, China
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Haigh EAP, Quiñones V, Moore MT. Structural Validity of the Social Problem-Solving Inventory-Revised Short Form: Application to Brooding and Reflection. J Cogn Psychother 2018; 32:285-302. [PMID: 32746408 DOI: 10.1891/0889-8391.32.4.285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Research on social problem-solving ability or the cognitive-behavioral processes used to find successful solutions to everyday problems has been advanced by the availability of easy-to-administer self-report measures. The goal of the current study is twofold: (a) validate the factor structure of the Social Problem-Solving Inventory-Revised: Short Form (SPSI-R:S) and (b) examine the relationship between depressive rumination subtypes and dimensions of social problem solving. An initial confirmatory factor analyses (CFA) in Sample 1 revealed poor model fit. An exploratory factor analysis revealed that several items cross-loaded on more than one factor. These items were removed and a subsequent CFA demonstrated adequate model. The revised model was validated in a second sample and convergent and divergent validity were examined. Brooding was related to more maladaptive problem-solving ability while reflection was generally associated with a more adaptive problem-solving style. No gender differences were found.
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Sharaf AY, Lachine OA, Thompson EA. Rumination, Social Problem Solving and Suicide Intent Among Egyptians With a Recent Suicide Attempt. Arch Psychiatr Nurs 2018; 32:86-92. [PMID: 29413080 DOI: 10.1016/j.apnu.2017.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Revised: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 10/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The more complex influences of social problem-solving abilities and rumination-specifically brooding and reflection-on suicide intent is not well understood. We hypothesized that social problem solving would moderate the association between reflection and suicide intent, and mediate the influence of brooding on suicide intent. A convenience sample (N=186) of individuals hospitalized for recent suicide attempt was interviewed, assessing suicide intent, social problem solving, brooding, reflection and depression. Brooding and reflection were positively associated with suicide intent. The mediating, but not the moderating, hypothesis was supported. Brooding was not significant (β=0.15, t=1.92, p=0.06) with social problem solving controlled. Interventions to disengage rumination and improve social problem-solving skills are underscored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amira Y Sharaf
- Psychiatric Nursing and Mental Health, Alexandria University, Faculty of Nursing, Egypt.
| | - Ola A Lachine
- Psychiatric Nursing and Mental Health, Alexandria University, Faculty of Nursing, Egypt
| | - Elaine A Thompson
- Psychosocial & Community Health, School of Nursing, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-7263, United States
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How do Rumination and Social Problem Solving Intensify Depression? A Longitudinal Study. JOURNAL OF RATIONAL-EMOTIVE AND COGNITIVE-BEHAVIOR THERAPY 2017; 36:28-46. [PMID: 29576686 PMCID: PMC5854737 DOI: 10.1007/s10942-017-0272-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
In order to examine how rumination and social problem solving intensify depression, the present study investigated longitudinal associations among each dimension of rumination and social problem solving and evaluated aspects of these constructs that predicted subsequent depression. A three-wave longitudinal study, with an interval of 4 weeks between waves, was conducted. Japanese university students completed the Beck Depression Inventory-Second Edition, Ruminative Responses Scale, Social Problem-Solving Inventory-Revised Short Version, and Interpersonal Stress Event Scale on three occasions 4 weeks apart (n = 284 at Time 1, 198 at Time 2, 165 at Time 3). Linear mixed models were analyzed to test whether each variable predicted subsequent depression, rumination, and each dimension of social problem solving. Rumination and negative problem orientation demonstrated a mutually enhancing relationship. Because these two variables were not associated with interpersonal conflict during the subsequent 4 weeks, rumination and negative problem orientation appear to strengthen each other without environmental change. Rumination and impulsivity/carelessness style were associated with subsequent depressive symptoms, after controlling for the effect of initial depression. Because rumination and impulsivity/carelessness style were not concurrently and longitudinally associated with each other, rumination and impulsive/careless problem solving style appear to be independent processes that serve to intensify depression.
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Hasegawa A, Nishimura H, Mastuda Y, Kunisato Y, Morimoto H, Adachi M. Is Trait Rumination Associated with the Ability to Generate Effective Problem Solving Strategies? Utilizing Two Versions of the Means-Ends Problem-Solving Test. JOURNAL OF RATIONAL-EMOTIVE AND COGNITIVE-BEHAVIOR THERAPY 2015; 34:14-30. [PMID: 26900257 PMCID: PMC4749657 DOI: 10.1007/s10942-015-0227-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
This study examined the relationship between trait rumination and the effectiveness of problem solving strategies as assessed by the Means-Ends Problem-Solving Test (MEPS) in a nonclinical population. The present study extended previous studies in terms of using two instructions in the MEPS: the second-person, actual strategy instructions, which has been utilized in previous studies on rumination, and the third-person, ideal-strategy instructions, which is considered more suitable for assessing the effectiveness of problem solving strategies. We also replicated the association between rumination and each dimension of the Social Problem-Solving Inventory-Revised Short Version (SPSI-R:S). Japanese undergraduate students (N = 223) completed the Beck Depression Inventory-Second Edition, Ruminative Responses Scale (RRS), MEPS, and SPSI-R:S. One half of the sample completed the MEPS with the second-person, actual strategy instructions. The other participants completed the MEPS with the third-person, ideal-strategy instructions. The results showed that neither total RRS score, nor its subscale scores were significantly correlated with MEPS scores under either of the two instructions. These findings taken together with previous findings indicate that in nonclinical populations, trait rumination is not related to the effectiveness of problem solving strategies, but that state rumination while responding to the MEPS deteriorates the quality of strategies. The correlations between RRS and SPSI-R:S scores indicated that trait rumination in general, and its brooding subcomponent in particular are parts of cognitive and behavioral responses that attempt to avoid negative environmental and negative private events. Results also showed that reflection is a part of active problem solving.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Hasegawa
- />Faculty of Human Relations, Tokai Gakuin University, 5-68 Naka-kirino, Kakamigahara City, Gifu 504-8511 Japan
| | - Haruki Nishimura
- />Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577 Japan
| | - Yuko Mastuda
- />Faculty of Education, Hirosaki University, 1 Bunkyo, Hirosaki City, Aomori 036-8560 Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Kunisato
- />Department of Psychology, School of Human Sciences, Senshu University, 2-1-1, Higashimita, Tama-ku, Kawasaki-shi, Kanagawa 214-8580 Japan
| | - Hiroshi Morimoto
- />Faculty of Psychology, Hiroshima International University, 555-36 Kurose-gakuendai, Higashi-hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-2695 Japan
| | - Masaki Adachi
- />Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki University, 5 Zaifu-cho, Hirosaki City, Aomori 036-8562 Japan
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