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A randomized, 3-month, parallel-group clinical trial to compare the efficacy of electric 3-dimensional toothbrushes vs manual toothbrushes in maintaining oral health in patients with fixed orthodontic appliances. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2021; 160:648-658. [PMID: 34752255 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2021.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The aim of this single-blinded, parallel-group, randomized clinical trial was to compare the efficacy of electric 3-dimensional (3D) toothbrushes and manual toothbrushes in removing plaque and reducing gingival inflammation in orthodontic patients. METHODS Eighty adolescents with fixed orthodontic appliances in both arches were randomized at a 1:1 ratio, with an equal number of both sexes, in this examiner blinded, parallel clinical trial. Eligibility criteria included subjects aged between 12 and 16 years, good general health, nonextraction orthodontic treatment, and plaque-induced gingivitis, excluding patients with active caries or periodontitis, tooth agenesis, syndromes, disabilities, and craniofacial deformities, ≥2 cervical and/or proximal fillings, dental prostheses or dental implants, and subjects smoking or using antibiotics or medication predisposing to gingival enlargement. Patients were assigned to use either an electric 3D orthodontic toothbrush (Oral-B Pro-1000 with Oral-B Ortho head; Procter & Gamble, Cincinnati, Ohio) or a manual toothbrush (Oral-B Orthodontic brush; Procter & Gamble) and instructed to brush twice daily for 2 minutes. The main outcomes were: (1) plaque removal, assessed with the Modified Silness and Löe plaque index and the Modified Full Mouth Plaque Score, and (2) gingival inflammation reduction, assessed with the Modified Silness and Löe Gingival Index and the Modified Simplified Gingival Index. Measurements were taken at baseline, 1, 2, and 3 months. Randomization was achieved with 2 random sequences, one for each brush, written and sealed in opaque numbered envelopes. Blinding was possible for outcome assessment only. RESULTS Considerable variability was observed among patients in the values of all dependent variables. There was no difference between interventions over time for any of the outcomes, and the main effects for treatment and time were also not statistically significant. For Modified Silness and Löe plaque index, the interaction was 0.001 (95% confidence interval, -0.011 to 0.013; P = 0.89). CONCLUSIONS No difference in plaque removal efficacy and gingival inflammation reduction was found between the electric 3D and manual toothbrushes in adolescents with fixed orthodontic appliances. Therefore, orthodontists should focus on enhancing their patients' dental awareness and oral hygiene, along with professional prophylaxis and other oral hygiene aids, independently of the brush used. REGISTRATION This trial was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (Identifier: NCT02699931). PROTOCOL The protocol was not published before trial commencement. FUNDING Electric and manual toothbrushes and toothpastes for all participants were provided by Procter & Gamble (Oral-B). Miscellaneous costs were covered by the participating departments.
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Grimaldi R, Yonel Z, Chapple I, Butler A, Hall C, Reinbold K, Mantzourani M. Randomised methodology development study to investigate plaque removal efficacy of manual toothbrushes. J Dent 2021; 116:103830. [PMID: 34687810 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2021.103830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to evaluate plaque removal efficacy of toothbrushes to guide clinical model development. METHODS This single-centre, randomised, controlled, examiner-blind, method development study included 80 healthy participants. Over 28 days, participants brushed twice-daily using a fluoride toothpaste and one of four marketed toothbrushes: Toothbrushes A (compact head) and B (regular head): medium-hard; flat trim; end-rounded bristles; Toothbrush C: medium-hard; end-rounded bristles; silky, tapered filaments; compact head; Toothbrush D: soft; tapered filaments; compact head. Supra-gingival plaque removal was evaluated immediately after single brushing events (Days 0, 7, 28, at study centre) and following 7- and 28-days' home use via Rustogi modified Navy Plaque Index (RPI) and Turesky modified Quigley Hein Plaque Index (TPI). RESULTS All toothbrushes provided significant plaque removal after single-brushing events with change from Day 0 pre-brushing scores on RPI ranging from -0.10 to -0.16 (p<.0001) and on TPI ranging from -0.61 to -0.89 (p<.0001). Toothbrushes A and B showed significant (p<.05) pre-brushing RPI/TPI plaque reductions after 7- (-0.04/-0.06, respectively for RPI; -0.16/-0.20, respectively for TPI) and 28-days (-0.04/-0.03, respectively for RPI; -0.20/-0.11, respectively for TPI) use versus Day 0 pre-brushing (except Toothbrush B, Day 28, non-significant TPI). There were no significant differences with Toothbrush C. Toothbrush D TPI was significantly lower at both timepoints versus Day 0 pre-brushing (p<.05). Study toothbrushes were generally well-tolerated. CONCLUSION The observations from this study showed how various aspects of a study design could impact toothbrushes performance. These data will inform the design of future clinical studies of plaque removal efficacy using manual toothbrushes. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Regular effective oral hygiene can help prevent and treat gingivitis, principally via twice-daily mechanical cleaning with a toothbrush. Data generated from this methodology development study will help to identify the key aspects which impact toothbrushes' performance and understand which one would be more suitable to answer questions of scientific interest. This study provides useful information for the design of future clinical trials to assess plaque removal efficacy of manual toothbrushes and generate results to inform clinical recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Grimaldi
- GSK Consumer Healthcare, St George's Avenue, Weybridge, KT13 0DE, United Kingdom
| | - Zehra Yonel
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, College of Medical & Dental Sciences, The University of Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Iain Chapple
- Raven Lane Consulting Ltd, Wirral, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Butler
- GSK Consumer Healthcare, St George's Avenue, Weybridge, KT13 0DE, United Kingdom
| | - Claire Hall
- Raven Lane Consulting Ltd, Wirral, United Kingdom
| | - Klaus Reinbold
- Oral & Skin Health. GSK Consumer Healthcare, St George's Avenue, Weybridge, KT13 0DE, United Kingdom
| | - Maria Mantzourani
- GSK Consumer Healthcare, St George's Avenue, Weybridge, KT13 0DE, United Kingdom.
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Short-term and long-term effectiveness of powered toothbrushes in promoting periodontal health during orthodontic treatment: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2017; 152:753-766.e7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2017.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Revised: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Davidovich E, Ccahuana-Vasquez RA, Timm H, Grender J, Cunningham P, Zini A. Randomised clinical study of plaque removal efficacy of a power toothbrush in a paediatric population. Int J Paediatr Dent 2017; 27:558-567. [PMID: 28494116 DOI: 10.1111/ipd.12298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clinical investigations of plaque removal efficacy of power toothbrushes in children are limited. AIM To compare plaque removal of a power versus manual toothbrush in a paediatric population. DESIGN This was a randomised, replicate-use, single-brushing, examiner-blinded, two-treatment, four-period crossover clinical trial in children 8-11 years of age. Subjects were randomly assigned to a treatment sequence involving an oscillating-rotating power toothbrush and a manual toothbrush control. Subjects brushed under supervision with a NaF dentifrice. Plaque was assessed pre- (baseline) and post-brushing using the Turesky Modification of the Quigley-Hein Plaque Index by two examiners. Plaque scores were averaged for mixed and permanent dentition on a per-subject basis and analysed using a mixed-model ancova for a crossover design. RESULTS Forty-one subjects (mean 9.0 years) were randomised and completed the trial. Both the power brush and manual brush provided statistically significant mean plaque reductions versus baseline in all analyses (P < 0.001). For both examiners, plaque removal was significantly (P < 0.001) larger for the power brush in permanent and mixed dentitions. The interexaminer correlations for the permanent dentition were strong (ICC = 0.68-0.88) for pre-brushing plaque across all periods. CONCLUSIONS An oscillating-rotating power toothbrush provided superior plaque reduction versus a manual toothbrush in children.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hans Timm
- Procter & Gamble Company, Kronberg, Germany
| | | | | | - Avi Zini
- Hebrew University, Hadassah, Jerusalem, Israel
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Kalf-Scholte SM, Van der Weijden GA, Bakker EWP, Slot DE. Plaque removal with triple-headed vs single-headed manual toothbrushes-
a systematic review-. Int J Dent Hyg 2017; 16:13-23. [DOI: 10.1111/idh.12283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- SM Kalf-Scholte
- Stichting Bijzondere Tandheelkunde; Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - GA Van der Weijden
- Department of Periodontology Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA); University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam; Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - EWP Bakker
- Division of Clinical Methods and Public Health; Academic Medical Centre (AMC); University of Amsterdam; Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - DE Slot
- Department of Periodontology Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA); University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam; Amsterdam The Netherlands
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García-Carrillo A, Jover A, Plá R, Martorell A, Sota C, Gómez-Moreno G, Figuero E, Sanz M, Herrera D. Manual versus
sonic powered toothbrushing in patients with intellectual disability: a cluster-randomized clinical trial. J Clin Periodontol 2016; 43:684-93. [DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.12567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Antonio Jover
- Section of Graduate Periodontology; Faculty of Odontology; University Complutense; Madrid Spain
| | - Rafael Plá
- Section of Graduate Periodontology; Faculty of Odontology; University Complutense; Madrid Spain
| | | | | | | | - Elena Figuero
- ETEP (Etiology and Therapy of Periodontal Diseases) Research Group; Faculty of Odontology; University Complutense; Madrid Spain
| | - Mariano Sanz
- ETEP (Etiology and Therapy of Periodontal Diseases) Research Group; Faculty of Odontology; University Complutense; Madrid Spain
| | - David Herrera
- ETEP (Etiology and Therapy of Periodontal Diseases) Research Group; Faculty of Odontology; University Complutense; Madrid Spain
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Woelber JP, Bienas H, Fabry G, Silbernagel W, Giesler M, Tennert C, Stampf S, Ratka-Krüger P, Hellwig E. Oral hygiene-related self-efficacy as a predictor of oral hygiene behaviour: a prospective cohort study. J Clin Periodontol 2015; 42:142-9. [PMID: 25472523 DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.12348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
AIM The aim of this study was to assess whether oral hygiene-related self-efficacy is correlated with current oral hygiene and might influence the outcome of oral hygiene instruction. MATERIALS AND METHODS Hundred and twenty-six patients filled out questionnaires about oral hygiene-related self-efficacy, general self-efficacy, oral hygiene-related knowledge and demographic variables. Plaque and gingival inflammation were measured and an individual oral hygiene plan was conducted. After 6 months, oral hygiene indices were assessed again. RESULTS Women had significantly higher scores in oral hygiene-related self-efficacy than men (women mean 60.40 ± 9.41; men mean 56.04 ± 11.55; p = 0.039) and oral hygiene-related self-efficacy was significantly correlated with general self-efficacy independent from the age of the patients (r = 0.3114, p = 0.0004). Higher scores in oral hygiene-related self-efficacy were significantly correlated with lower scores of gingival bleeding for non-smoking patients (r = -0.301, p = 0.0066), usage of a professional tooth cleaning within these 6 months (p = 0.0406), reappearance to the follow-up appointment (p = 0.0303), and higher goals in inter-dental cleaning plans (p = 0.0189). CONCLUSION Oral hygiene-related self-efficacy is an influencing factor in the oral hygiene behaviour and has the potential to predict patients' oral hygiene outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johan P Woelber
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Freiburg Medical Center, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
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Lesaffre E, Declerck D. Oral health research: A source for innovative new statistical developments. STAT MODEL 2014. [DOI: 10.1177/1471082x14535479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This article reviews the challenges and opportunities that oral health research may offer to a statistician. To illustrate this, we focus on the Signal Tandmobiel® study, a longitudinal oral health survey that triggered many statistical explorations and developments over the last two decades. For example, non-standard distributions are more the rule than the exception in oral health research. In addition, often measurement error problems need to be addressed. The hierarchical structure of the oral health data also poses non-standard challenges. For instance, caries experience in the mouth is spatially correlated with, however, a specific metric defining the distance between two occurrences. In addition, since caries experience in the context of an epidemiological study is only measured at intervals, analysis of survival involves interval-censoring. Finally, when analyzing a realistic data set in oral health, all the above issues may have to be dealt with simultaneously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Lesaffre
- Department of Biostatistics, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands and L-Biostat, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Niederman R. Moderate quality evidence finds statistical benefit in oral health for powered over manual toothbrushes. Evid Based Dent 2014; 15:77-78. [PMID: 25343391 DOI: 10.1038/sj.ebd.6401041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
DATA SOURCES The Cochrane Oral Health Group's Trials Register, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), Medline, Embase, CINAHL, National Institutes of Health Trials Register and the WHO Clinical Trials Registry Platform for ongoing trials. Reference lists of identified articles were also scanned for relevant papers. Identified manufacturers were contacted for additional information. STUDY SELECTION Only randomised controlled trials comparing manual and powered toothbrushes were considered. Crossover trials were eligible for inclusion if the wash-out period length was more than two weeks. DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS Study assessment and data extraction were carried out independently by at least two reviewers. The primary outcome measures were quantified levels of plaque or gingivitis. Risk of bias assessment was undertaken. Standard Cochrane methodological approaches were taken. Random-effects models were used provided there were four or more studies included in the meta-analysis, otherwise fixed-effect models were used. Data were classed as short term (one to three months) and long term (greater than three months). RESULTS Fifty-six trials were included with 51 (4624 patients) providing data for meta-analysis. The majority (46) were at unclear risk of bias, five at high risk of bias and five at low risk. There was moderate quality evidence that powered toothbrushes provide a statistically significant benefit compared with manual toothbrushes with regard to the reduction of plaque in both the short and long-term. This corresponds to an 11% reduction in plaque for the Quigley Hein index (Turesky) in the short term and a 21% reduction in the long term. There was a high degree of heterogeneity that was not explained by the different powered toothbrush type subgroups.There was also moderate quality evidence that powered toothbrushes again provide a statistically significant reduction in gingivitis when compared with manual toothbrushes both in the short and long term. This corresponds to a 6% and 11% reduction in gingivitis for the Löe and Silness indices respectively. Again there was a high degree of heterogeneity that was not explained by the different powered toothbrush type subgroups. The greatest body of evidence was for rotation oscillation brushes which demonstrated a statistically significant reduction in plaque and gingivitis at both time points. CONCLUSIONS Powered toothbrushes reduce plaque and gingivitis more than manual toothbrushing in the short and long term. The clinical importance of these findings remains unclear. Observation of methodological guidelines and greater standardisation of design would benefit both future trials and meta-analyses. Cost, reliability and side effects were inconsistently reported. Any reported side effects were localised and only temporary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Niederman
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Promotion, Director, Center for Evidence-Based Dentistry, College of Dentistry, New York University, New York, USA
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Yaacob M, Worthington HV, Deacon SA, Deery C, Walmsley AD, Robinson PG, Glenny A. Powered versus manual toothbrushing for oral health. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2014; 2014:CD002281. [PMID: 24934383 PMCID: PMC7133541 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd002281.pub3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Removing dental plaque may play a key role maintaining oral health. There is conflicting evidence for the relative merits of manual and powered toothbrushing in achieving this. This is an update of a Cochrane review first published in 2003, and previously updated in 2005. OBJECTIVES To compare manual and powered toothbrushes in everyday use, by people of any age, in relation to the removal of plaque, the health of the gingivae, staining and calculus, dependability, adverse effects and cost. SEARCH METHODS We searched the following electronic databases: the Cochrane Oral Health Group's Trials Register (to 23 January 2014), the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) (The Cochrane Library 2014, Issue 1), MEDLINE via OVID (1946 to 23 January 2014), EMBASE via OVID (1980 to 23 January 2014) and CINAHL via EBSCO (1980 to 23 January 2014). We searched the US National Institutes of Health Trials Register and the WHO Clinical Trials Registry Platform for ongoing trials. No restrictions were placed on the language or date of publication when searching the electronic databases. SELECTION CRITERIA Randomised controlled trials of at least four weeks of unsupervised powered toothbrushing versus manual toothbrushing for oral health in children and adults. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS We used standard methodological procedures expected by The Cochrane Collaboration. Random-effects models were used provided there were four or more studies included in the meta-analysis, otherwise fixed-effect models were used. Data were classed as short term (one to three months) and long term (greater than three months). MAIN RESULTS Fifty-six trials met the inclusion criteria; 51 trials involving 4624 participants provided data for meta-analysis. Five trials were at low risk of bias, five at high and 46 at unclear risk of bias.There is moderate quality evidence that powered toothbrushes provide a statistically significant benefit compared with manual toothbrushes with regard to the reduction of plaque in both the short term (standardised mean difference (SMD) -0.50 (95% confidence interval (CI) -0.70 to -0.31); 40 trials, n = 2871) and long term (SMD -0.47 (95% CI -0.82 to -0.11; 14 trials, n = 978). These results correspond to an 11% reduction in plaque for the Quigley Hein index (Turesky) in the short term and 21% reduction long term. Both meta-analyses showed high levels of heterogeneity (I(2) = 83% and 86% respectively) that was not explained by the different powered toothbrush type subgroups.With regard to gingivitis, there is moderate quality evidence that powered toothbrushes again provide a statistically significant benefit when compared with manual toothbrushes both in the short term (SMD -0.43 (95% CI -0.60 to -0.25); 44 trials, n = 3345) and long term (SMD -0.21 (95% CI -0.31 to -0.12); 16 trials, n = 1645). This corresponds to a 6% and 11% reduction in gingivitis for the Löe and Silness index respectively. Both meta-analyses showed high levels of heterogeneity (I(2) = 82% and 51% respectively) that was not explained by the different powered toothbrush type subgroups.The number of trials for each type of powered toothbrush varied: side to side (10 trials), counter oscillation (five trials), rotation oscillation (27 trials), circular (two trials), ultrasonic (seven trials), ionic (four trials) and unknown (five trials). The greatest body of evidence was for rotation oscillation brushes which demonstrated a statistically significant reduction in plaque and gingivitis at both time points. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS Powered toothbrushes reduce plaque and gingivitis more than manual toothbrushing in the short and long term. The clinical importance of these findings remains unclear. Observation of methodological guidelines and greater standardisation of design would benefit both future trials and meta-analyses.Cost, reliability and side effects were inconsistently reported. Any reported side effects were localised and only temporary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Munirah Yaacob
- Kulliyyah of Dentistry, International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM)Department of PeriodonticsJalan Indera MahkotaKuantanPahangMalaysia25200
| | - Helen V Worthington
- School of Dentistry, The University of ManchesterCochrane Oral Health GroupCoupland III Building, Oxford RoadManchesterUKM13 9PL
| | - Scott A Deacon
- Frenchay HospitalSouth West Cleft UnitFrenchay Park RoadBristolUKBS16 1LE
| | - Chris Deery
- University of SheffieldDepartment of Oral Health and DevelopmentSchool of Clinical DentistryClaremont CrescentSheffieldUKS10 2TA
| | - A Damien Walmsley
- School of DentistryDepartment of Prosthetic DentistryThe University of BirminghamSt Chad's QueenswayBirminghamUKB4 6NN
| | - Peter G Robinson
- School of Clinical Dentistry, University of SheffieldClaremont CrescentSheffieldUKS10 2TA
| | - Anne‐Marie Glenny
- School of Dentistry, The University of ManchesterCochrane Oral Health GroupCoupland III Building, Oxford RoadManchesterUKM13 9PL
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Fjeld KG, Mowe M, Eide H, Willumsen T. Effect of electric toothbrush on residents' oral hygiene: a randomized clinical trial in nursing homes. Eur J Oral Sci 2014; 122:142-8. [DOI: 10.1111/eos.12113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Morten Mowe
- Medical Clinic; Institution of Clinical Medicine; Oslo University Hospital; University of Oslo; Oslo Norway
| | - Hilde Eide
- Faculty of Health Sciences; Buskerud University College; Drammen Norway
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Roncati M, Polizzi E, Cingano L, Gherlone E, Lucchese A. Un ausilio all'igiene orale in pazienti diversamente abili. DENTAL CADMOS 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/s0011-8524(13)70076-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Efficacy of various side-to-side toothbrushes for noncontact biofilm removal. Clin Oral Investig 2013; 18:793-800. [DOI: 10.1007/s00784-013-1047-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2013] [Accepted: 07/03/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Zingler S, Pritsch M, Wrede DJ, Ludwig B, Bister D, Kneist S, Lux CJ. A randomized clinical trial comparing the impact of different oral hygiene protocols and sealant applications on plaque, gingival, and caries index scores. Eur J Orthod 2013; 36:150-63. [DOI: 10.1093/ejo/cjt043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
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Schmidt JC, Zaugg C, Weiger R, Walter C. Brushing without brushing?—a review of the efficacy of powered toothbrushes in noncontact biofilm removal. Clin Oral Investig 2012; 17:687-709. [DOI: 10.1007/s00784-012-0836-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2011] [Accepted: 08/28/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Deacon SA, Glenny AM, Deery C, Robinson PG, Heanue M, Walmsley AD, Shaw WC. Different powered toothbrushes for plaque control and gingival health. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2010; 2010:CD004971. [PMID: 21154357 PMCID: PMC8406707 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd004971.pub2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Powered brushes were first introduced commercially in the 1960s. A recent systematic review suggested the superiority of certain modes of powered over manual toothbrushing for plaque and gingivitis reduction. That review did not allow for direct comparison between different modes of powered toothbrush. OBJECTIVES To compare different modes of powered toothbrushing against each other for plaque reduction and the health of the gingivae. Other factors to be assessed were calculus and stain removal, cost, dependability and adverse effects. SEARCH STRATEGY The following databases were searched: Cochrane Oral Health Group's Trials Register (to 26 July 2010); Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) (The Cochrane Library 2010, Issue 3); MEDLINE via OVID (1950 to 26 July 2010); EMBASE via OVID (1980 to 26 July 2010); CINAHL via EBSCO (1982 to 26 July 2010). There were no language restrictions. SELECTION CRITERIA Trials were considered for inclusion with the following criteria: random allocation of participants; no compromised manual dexterity; unsupervised powered toothbrushing for at least 4 weeks. The primary outcomes were the plaque and gingivitis scores after powered toothbrush use during trial period. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Data extraction was performed independently and in duplicate. The authors of trials were contacted to provide missing data where possible. The effect measure for each meta-analysis was the standardised mean difference (SMD) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) using the random-effects model. Potential sources of heterogeneity were assessed. MAIN RESULTS The review included data from 15 trials with 1015 participants. Due to the dearth of trials assessing the same mode of action, no definitive conclusions can be stated regarding the superiority of one mode of powered toothbrush over any other. Only minor and transient side effects were reported. Cost, dependability were not reported. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS Further trials of good quality are required to establish if any mode of action has superiority over the other modes of action for powered toothbrushes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott A Deacon
- South West Cleft Unit, Frenchay Hospital, Frenchay Park Road, Bristol, UK, BS16 1LE
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Opsahl Vital S, Haignere-Rubinstein C, Lasfargues JJ, Chaussain C. Caries risk and orthodontic treatment. Int Orthod 2010; 8:28-45. [PMID: 20350712 DOI: 10.1016/j.ortho.2009.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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