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Metcalfe S, Panasiewicz M, Kay JG. Inflammatory macrophages exploited by oral streptococcus increase IL-1B release via NLRP6 inflammasome. J Leukoc Biol 2023; 114:347-357. [PMID: 37497744 PMCID: PMC10533225 DOI: 10.1093/jleuko/qiad089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammatory periodontal disease develops in part from the infiltration of a large number of classically activated inflammatory macrophages that release inflammatory cytokines important for disease progression, including inflammasome-dependent interleukin (IL)-1β. Streptococcus gordonii is a normally commensal oral microorganism; while not causative, recent evidence indicates that commensal oral microbes are required for the full development of periodontal disease. We have recently reported that inflammatory macrophages counterintuitively allow for the increased survival of phagocytosed S. gordonii over nonactivated or alternatively activated macrophages. This survival is dependent on increased reactive oxygen species production within the phagosome of the inflammatory macrophages, and resistance by the bacterium and can result in S. gordonii damaging the phagolysosomes. Here, we show that activated macrophages infected with live S. gordonii release more IL-1β than non-activated macrophages infected with either live or dead S. gordonii, and that the survival of oral Streptococci are more dependent on macrophage activation than other Gram positive microbes, both classical pathogens and commensals. We also find that S. gordonii-dependent inflammatory macrophage inflammasome activation requires the cytoplasmic NLRP6. Overall, our results suggest S. gordonii is capable of evading immune destruction, increasing inflammatory mediators, and increasing inflammatory macrophage response, and that this ability is increased under conditions of inflammation. This work reveals additional mechanisms by which normally commensal oral streptococci-macrophage interactions can change, resulting in increased release of mature IL-1β, potentially contributing to an environment that perpetuates inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Metcalfe
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University at Buffalo, 3435 Main street, Buffalo, NY 14214, United States
| | - Michelle Panasiewicz
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University at Buffalo, 3435 Main street, Buffalo, NY 14214, United States
| | - Jason G Kay
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University at Buffalo, 3435 Main street, Buffalo, NY 14214, United States
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Irie K, Azuma T, Tomofuji T, Yamamoto T. Exploring the Role of IL-17A in Oral Dysbiosis-Associated Periodontitis and Its Correlation with Systemic Inflammatory Disease. Dent J (Basel) 2023; 11:194. [PMID: 37623290 PMCID: PMC10453731 DOI: 10.3390/dj11080194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral microbiota play a pivotal role in maintaining homeostasis, safeguarding the oral cavity, and preventing the onset of disease. Oral dysbiosis has the potential to trigger pro-inflammatory effects and immune dysregulation, which can have a negative impact on systemic health. It is regarded as a key etiological factor for periodontitis. The emergence and persistence of oral dysbiosis have been demonstrated to mediate inflammatory pathology locally and at distant sites. The heightened inflammation observed in oral dysbiosis is dependent upon the secretion of interleukin-17A (IL-17A) by various innate and adaptive immune cells. IL-17A has been found to play a significant role in host defense mechanisms by inducing antibacterial peptides, recruiting neutrophils, and promoting local inflammation via cytokines and chemokines. This review seeks to present the current knowledge on oral dysbiosis and its prevention, as well as the underlying role of IL-17A in periodontitis induced by oral dysbiosis and its impact on systemic inflammatory disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koichiro Irie
- Department of Preventive Dentistry and Dental Public Health, Kanagawa Dental University, Yokosuka 238-8580, Japan;
| | - Tetsuji Azuma
- Department of Community Oral Health, School of Dentistry, Asahi University, Mizuho 501-0296, Japan; (T.A.); (T.T.)
| | - Takaaki Tomofuji
- Department of Community Oral Health, School of Dentistry, Asahi University, Mizuho 501-0296, Japan; (T.A.); (T.T.)
| | - Tatsuo Yamamoto
- Department of Preventive Dentistry and Dental Public Health, Kanagawa Dental University, Yokosuka 238-8580, Japan;
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Fischer NG, Aparicio C. Junctional epithelium and hemidesmosomes: Tape and rivets for solving the "percutaneous device dilemma" in dental and other permanent implants. Bioact Mater 2022; 18:178-198. [PMID: 35387164 PMCID: PMC8961425 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2022.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The percutaneous device dilemma describes etiological factors, centered around the disrupted epithelial tissue surrounding non-remodelable devices, that contribute to rampant percutaneous device infection. Natural percutaneous organs, in particular their extracellular matrix mediating the "device"/epithelium interface, serve as exquisite examples to inspire longer lasting long-term percutaneous device design. For example, the tooth's imperviousness to infection is mediated by the epithelium directly surrounding it, the junctional epithelium (JE). The hallmark feature of JE is formation of hemidesmosomes, cell/matrix adhesive structures that attach surrounding oral gingiva to the tooth's enamel through a basement membrane. Here, the authors survey the multifaceted functions of the JE, emphasizing the role of the matrix, with a particular focus on hemidesmosomes and their five main components. The authors highlight the known (and unknown) effects dental implant - as a model percutaneous device - placement has on JE regeneration and synthesize this information for application to other percutaneous devices. The authors conclude with a summary of bioengineering strategies aimed at solving the percutaneous device dilemma and invigorating greater collaboration between clinicians, bioengineers, and matrix biologists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas G. Fischer
- MDRCBB-Minnesota Dental Research Center for Biomaterials and Biomechanics, University of Minnesota, 16-212 Moos Tower, 515 Delaware St. SE, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Conrado Aparicio
- MDRCBB-Minnesota Dental Research Center for Biomaterials and Biomechanics, University of Minnesota, 16-212 Moos Tower, 515 Delaware St. SE, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
- Division of Basic Research, Faculty of Odontology, UIC Barcelona – Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, C/. Josep Trueta s/n, 08195, Sant Cugat del Valles, Barcelona, Spain
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), C/. Baldiri Reixac 10-12, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
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4
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Yamamoto M, Aizawa R. Maintaining a protective state for human periodontal tissue. Periodontol 2000 2021; 86:142-156. [PMID: 33690927 DOI: 10.1111/prd.12367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Periodontitis, caused by infection with periodontal pathogens, is primarily characterized by inflammatory bone resorption and destruction of connective tissue. Simply describing periodontitis as a specific bacterial infection cannot completely explain the various periodontal tissue destruction patterns observed. Periodontal tissue damage is thought to be caused by various factors. In recent years, research goals for periodontal pathogens have shifted from searching for specific pathogens to investigating mechanisms that damage periodontal tissues. Bacteria interact directly with the host in several ways, influencing expression and activity of molecules that evade host defenses, and destroying local tissues and inhibiting their repair. The host's innate and acquired immune systems are important defense mechanisms that protect periodontal tissues from attack and invasion of periodontal pathogens, thus preventing infection. Innate and acquired immunity have evolved to confront the microbial challenge, forming a seamless defense network in periodontal tissues. In the innate immune response, host cells quickly detect, via specialized receptors, macromolecules and nucleic acids present on bacterial cell walls, and this triggers a protective, inflammatory response. The work of this subsystem of host immunity is performed mainly by phagocytes, beta-defensin, and the complement system. In addition, the first line of defense in oral innate immunity is the junctional epithelium, which acts as a physical barrier to the entry of oral bacteria and other nonself substances. In the presence of a normal flora, junctional epithelial cells differentiate actively and proliferate apically, with concomitant increase in chemotactic factor expression recruiting neutrophils. These immune cells play an important role in maintaining homeostasis and the protective state in periodontal tissue because they eliminate unwanted bacteria over time. Previous studies indicate a mechanism for attracting immune cells to periodontal tissue with the purpose of maintaining a protective state; although this mechanism can function without bacteria, it is enhanced by the normal flora. A better understanding of the relationship between the protective state and its disruption in periodontal disease could lead to the development of new treatment strategies for periodontal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matsuo Yamamoto
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryo Aizawa
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan
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Trujillo-Vargas CM, Schaefer L, Alam J, Pflugfelder SC, Britton RA, de Paiva CS. The gut-eye-lacrimal gland-microbiome axis in Sjögren Syndrome. Ocul Surf 2020; 18:335-344. [PMID: 31644955 PMCID: PMC7124975 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtos.2019.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Revised: 10/13/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The bacterial communities that collectively inhabit our body are called the microbiome. Virtually all body surface harbors bacteria. Recent advances in next-generation sequencing that have provided insight into the diversity, composition of bacterial communities, and their interaction are discussed in this review, as well as the current knowledge of how the microbiome promotes ocular health. The ocular surface is a site of low bacterial load. Sjögren Syndrome is an autoimmune disease that affects the exocrine glands, causing dry mouth and dry eye. Systemic antibiotic treatment and germ-free mice have demonstrated that commensal bacteria have a protective role for the ocular surface and lacrimal gland. The existence of a gut-eye-lacrimal gland axis-microbiome is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia M Trujillo-Vargas
- Grupo de Inmunodeficiencias Primarias, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, UdeA, Medellin, Colombia; Ocular Surface Center, Department of Ophthalmology, Cullen Eye Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Laura Schaefer
- Center for Metagenomics and Microbiome Research, Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Jehan Alam
- Ocular Surface Center, Department of Ophthalmology, Cullen Eye Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Stephen C Pflugfelder
- Ocular Surface Center, Department of Ophthalmology, Cullen Eye Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Robert A Britton
- Center for Metagenomics and Microbiome Research, Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Cintia S de Paiva
- Ocular Surface Center, Department of Ophthalmology, Cullen Eye Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
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Magrin GL, Di Summa F, Strauss FJ, Panahipour L, Mildner M, Magalhães Benfatti CA, Gruber R. Butyrate Decreases ICAM-1 Expression in Human Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21051679. [PMID: 32121422 PMCID: PMC7084181 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21051679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) are bacterial metabolites that can be found in periodontal pockets. The expression of adhesion molecules such as intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) within the epithelium pocket is considered to be a key event for the selective transmigration of leucocytes towards the gingival sulcus. However, the impact of SCFA on ICAM-1 expression by oral epithelial cells remains unclear. We therefore exposed the oral squamous carcinoma cell line HSC-2, primary oral epithelial cells and human gingival fibroblasts to SCFA, namely acetate, propionate and butyrate, and stimulated with known inducers of ICAM-1 such as interleukin-1-beta (IL1β) and tumor necrosis factor-alfa (TNFα). We report here that butyrate but not acetate or propionate significantly suppressed the cytokine-induced ICAM-1 expression in HSC-2 epithelial cells and primary epithelial cells. The G-protein coupled receptor-43 (GPR43/ FFAR2) agonist but not the histone deacetylase inhibitor, trichostatin A, mimicked the butyrate effects. Butyrate also attenuated the nuclear translocation of p65 into the nucleus on HSC-2 cells. The decrease of ICAM-1 was independent of Nrf2/HO-1 signaling and phosphorylation of JNK and p38. Nevertheless, butyrate could not reverse an ongoing cytokine-induced ICAM-1 expression in HSC-2 cells. Overall, these observations suggest that butyrate can attenuate cytokine-induced ICAM-1 expression in cells with epithelial origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Leonardo Magrin
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, Sensengasse 2a, Vienna 1090, Austria; (G.L.M.); (F.D.S.); (F.-J.S.); (L.P.)
- Center for Education and Research on Dental Implants (CEPID), Department of Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Campus Reitor João David Ferreira Lima s/n, Florianopolis – SC 88040-900, Brazil;
| | - Francesca Di Summa
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, Sensengasse 2a, Vienna 1090, Austria; (G.L.M.); (F.D.S.); (F.-J.S.); (L.P.)
| | - Franz-Josef Strauss
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, Sensengasse 2a, Vienna 1090, Austria; (G.L.M.); (F.D.S.); (F.-J.S.); (L.P.)
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Chile, Av. Sergio Livingstone 943, Santiago 7500566, Chile
- Clinic of Reconstructive Dentistry, University of Zurich, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Layla Panahipour
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, Sensengasse 2a, Vienna 1090, Austria; (G.L.M.); (F.D.S.); (F.-J.S.); (L.P.)
| | - Michael Mildner
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Spitalgasse 23, Vienna 1090, Austria;
| | - Cesar Augusto Magalhães Benfatti
- Center for Education and Research on Dental Implants (CEPID), Department of Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Campus Reitor João David Ferreira Lima s/n, Florianopolis – SC 88040-900, Brazil;
| | - Reinhard Gruber
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, Sensengasse 2a, Vienna 1090, Austria; (G.L.M.); (F.D.S.); (F.-J.S.); (L.P.)
- Department of Periodontology, University Bern, Hochschulstrasse 4, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
- Correspondence:
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Karatas O, Balci Yuce H, Aydemir Turkal H. Dental hypofunction alters subgingival microorganisms: a pilot study. MINERVA STOMATOLOGICA 2019; 68:183-191. [PMID: 31357852 DOI: 10.23736/s0026-4970.19.04245-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to evaluate dental plaque compositions, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) 1-alpha levels in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) at hypofunctional and normofunctional teeth in healthy individuals and chronic periodontitis patients. METHODS Sixty systemically healthy individuals were enrolled. Study groups were: group 1 hypofunctional healthy group (group 1, N.=15); group 2 hypofunctional periodontitis group (group 2, N.=15); group 3 normofunctional healthy group (group 3, N.=15); and group 4 normofunctional periodontitis group (group 4, N.=15). Clinical periodontal measurements (plaque index, gingival index and clinical attachment level) were recorded. Dental plaque and GCF samples were taken. VEGF and HIF 1-alpha levels in GCF were determined. Subgingival plaque samples were evaluated for 11 different bacterial species as, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia, Treponema denticola, Prevotella intermedia, Peptostreptococcus micros, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Campylobacter rectus, Eubacterium nodatum, Eikenella corrodens and Capnocytophaga species. RESULTS Tannerella forsythia, Peptostreptococcus micros, Eubacterium nodatum levels decreased in hypofunctional healthy and periodontitis groups (P<0.05). Porphyromonas gingivalis levels increased in hypofunctional healthy group and decreased in hypofunctional periodontitis group (P<0.05). There was also a decrease in Eikenella corrodens levels in hypofunctional periodontitis group (P<0.05). There were no difference regarding the Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Capnocytophaga spp., Prevotella intermedia and Fusobacterium nucleatum levels among the groups (P>0.05). VEGF and HIF-1α levels in both GCF and serum samples were also similar (P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS Within the limits of this study, the authors found that the levels of four significant bacterial strains were decreased in both hypofunctional healthy and hypofunctional periodontitis groups compared to normofunctional equivalents. Though not evaluated in this study, this situation could be due to periodontal ligament atrophy and related physiological alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ozkan Karatas
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Tokat Gaziosmanpaşa University, Tokat, Turkey -
| | - Hatice Balci Yuce
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Tokat Gaziosmanpaşa University, Tokat, Turkey
| | - Humeyra Aydemir Turkal
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Tokat Gaziosmanpaşa University, Tokat, Turkey
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Tolentino PHMP, Rodrigues LG, Miranda de Torres É, Franco A, Silva RF. Extractions in Patients with Periodontal Diseases and Clinical Decision-Making Process. Acta Stomatol Croat 2019; 53:141-149. [PMID: 31341322 PMCID: PMC6604564 DOI: 10.15644/asc53/2/6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives To investigate the professional aspects and clinical and radiographic evidence that influences the decision for the extraction of teeth among periodontologists and general dentists. Material and methods The sample consisted of 150 (n=106 females and 44 males) dentists (n=103 general dentists and 47 periodontologists) that responded to a questionnaire designed to retrieve cross-sectional information related mainly to their level of training and time of experience in practice, as well as their personal decision for managing four patients with periodontal disease. Bivariate analyses were performed to test the association between the clinical decisions and the professional information collected from the dentists. Results In specific cases, periodontologists decided to maintain more teeth than general dentists (p<0.05). In other cases, dentists with more years of experience in practice decided to opt for more extractions (p<0.05). The level of periodontal disease (50-92%), poor oral hygiene (42.6-67.3%) and lack of alveolar bone structure (43.2-79.3%) were the most prevalent reasons behind the decision for extractions. Conclusions An advanced level of training in Dentistry, especially Periodontology, and more years of experience in practice may lead to more well-founded decisions on whether extracting teeth or not in case-specific scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ademir Franco
- - Department of Therapeutic Stomatology, Institute of Dentistry, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Rhonan Ferreira Silva
- - Department of Dentistry, Federal University of Goias, Goiania, Brazil.,- Department of Legal Dentistry and Forensic Anthropology, Scientific Police of Goias, Goiania, Brazil
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Fukuhara D, Irie K, Uchida Y, Kataoka K, Akiyama K, Ekuni D, Tomofuji T, Morita M. Impact of commensal flora on periodontal immune response to lipopolysaccharide. J Periodontol 2018; 89:1213-1220. [DOI: 10.1002/jper.17-0567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Revised: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Daiki Fukuhara
- Department of Preventive Dentistry; Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine; Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences; Okayama Japan
| | - Koichiro Irie
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology; Columbia University Medical Center; New York NY
| | - Yoko Uchida
- Department of Preventive Dentistry; Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine; Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences; Okayama Japan
| | - Kota Kataoka
- Department of Preventive Dentistry; Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine; Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences; Okayama Japan
| | - Kentaro Akiyama
- Department of Oral Rehabilitation and Regenerative Medicine; Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine; Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences; Okayama Japan
| | - Daisuke Ekuni
- Department of Preventive Dentistry; Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine; Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences; Okayama Japan
- Advanced Research Center for Oral and Craniofacial Sciences; Okayama University Dental School; Okayama Japan
| | - Takaaki Tomofuji
- Department of Community Oral Health; Asahi University School of Dentistry; Gifu Japan
| | - Manabu Morita
- Department of Preventive Dentistry; Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine; Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences; Okayama Japan
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Irie K, Tomofuji T, Ekuni D, Fukuhara D, Uchida Y, Kataoka K, Kobayashi S, Kikuchi T, Mitani A, Shimazaki Y, Morita M. Age-related changes of CD4 + T cell migration and cytokine expression in germ-free and SPF mice periodontium. Arch Oral Biol 2017; 87:72-78. [PMID: 29274620 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2017.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Revised: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Increasing age is a potential risk factor for periodontal tissue breakdown, which may be affected by commensal flora. The aim of this study evaluated age-related changes in CD4+ T cells, C-C chemokine ligand 5 (CCL5), interleukin (IL)-17A, and receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B ligand (RANKL) expression using germ-free (GF) and conventionally reared (SPF) mice. DESIGN GF and SPF mice at 8 (n = 6/group) and 22 weeks old (n = 6/group) were used. Immunohistochemical analyses were performed to determine the effects of aging on protein expression in periodontal tissues. Age-related changes in alveolar bone were quantified using micro-CT analysis. RESULTS SPF mice, but not GF mice, showed an age-related increase in alveolar bone loss (P < 0.01). SPF mice at 22 weeks of age increased expression of CD4+ T cells, CCL5, IL-17A, and RANKL compared to those at 8 weeks of age in connective tissue and alveolar bone surface (P < 0.01). Furthermore, there was increased CD4+ T cells, which were co-expressed with IL-17A and RANKL in SPF mice at 22 weeks of age. On the other hand, the GF mice did not show any significant differences in CD4+ T cells, CCL5, IL-17A and RANKL expression between the two age groups. CONCLUSIONS SPF mice induced an age-related increase in CD4+ T cells co- expressed with IL-17A and RANKL, with occurring alveolar bone loss. In contrast, GF mice did not show age-related changes in CD4+ T cell migration and cytokine expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koichiro Irie
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan.
| | - Takaaki Tomofuji
- Department of Community Oral Health, Asahi University School of Dentistry, Gifu, Japan
| | - Daisuke Ekuni
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Daiki Fukuhara
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Yoko Uchida
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Kota Kataoka
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Shuichiro Kobayashi
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kikuchi
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Akio Mitani
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Shimazaki
- Department of Preventive Dentistry and Dental Public Health, School of Dentistry, Aichi, Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Manabu Morita
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
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Branchereau M, Reichardt F, Loubieres P, Marck P, Waget A, Azalbert V, Colom A, Padmanabhan R, Iacovoni JS, Giry A, Tercé F, Heymes C, Burcelin R, Serino M, Blasco-Baque V. Periodontal dysbiosis linked to periodontitis is associated with cardiometabolic adaptation to high-fat diet in mice. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2016; 310:G1091-101. [PMID: 27033119 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00424.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Accepted: 03/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Periodontitis and type 2 diabetes are connected pandemic diseases, and both are risk factors for cardiovascular complications. Nevertheless, the molecular factors relating these two chronic pathologies are poorly understood. We have shown that, in response to a long-term fat-enriched diet, mice present particular gut microbiota profiles related to three metabolic phenotypes: diabetic-resistant (DR), intermediate (Inter), and diabetic-sensitive (DS). Moreover, many studies suggest that a dysbiosis of periodontal microbiota could be associated with the incidence of metabolic and cardiac diseases. We investigated whether periodontitis together with the periodontal microbiota may also be associated with these different cardiometabolic phenotypes. We report that the severity of glucose intolerance is related to the severity of periodontitis and cardiac disorders. In detail, alveolar bone loss was more accentuated in DS than Inter, DR, and normal chow-fed mice. Molecular markers of periodontal inflammation, such as TNF-α and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 mRNA levels, correlated positively with both alveolar bone loss and glycemic index. Furthermore, the periodontal microbiota of DR mice was dominated by the Streptococcaceae family of the phylum Firmicutes, whereas the periodontal microbiota of DS mice was characterized by increased Porphyromonadaceae and Prevotellaceae families. Moreover, in DS mice the periodontal microbiota was indicated by an abundance of the genera Prevotella and Tannerella, which are major periodontal pathogens. PICRUSt analysis of the periodontal microbiome highlighted that prenyltransferase pathways follow the cardiometabolic adaptation to a high-fat diet. Finally, DS mice displayed a worse cardiac phenotype, percentage of fractional shortening, heart rhythm, and left ventricle weight-to-tibia length ratio than Inter and DR mice. Together, our data show that periodontitis combined with particular periodontal microbiota and microbiome is associated with metabolic adaptation to a high-fat diet related to the severity of cardiometabolic alteration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Branchereau
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1048 and Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, Toulouse, France; Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - François Reichardt
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1048 and Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, Toulouse, France; Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Pascale Loubieres
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1048 and Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, Toulouse, France; Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France; Faculté de Chirurgie-Dentaire de Toulouse, Toulouse, France; and
| | - Pauline Marck
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1048 and Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, Toulouse, France; Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Aurélie Waget
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1048 and Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, Toulouse, France; Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Vincent Azalbert
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1048 and Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, Toulouse, France; Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - André Colom
- Equipe Intéraction Mycobactériennes avec les Cellules Hôtes, Institute of Pharmacology and Structural Biology, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Toulouse, France
| | - Roshan Padmanabhan
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1048 and Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, Toulouse, France; Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Jason S Iacovoni
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1048 and Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, Toulouse, France; Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Anaïs Giry
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1048 and Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, Toulouse, France; Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - François Tercé
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1048 and Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, Toulouse, France; Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Christophe Heymes
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1048 and Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, Toulouse, France; Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Remy Burcelin
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1048 and Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, Toulouse, France; Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Matteo Serino
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1048 and Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, Toulouse, France; Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Vincent Blasco-Baque
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1048 and Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, Toulouse, France; Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France; Faculté de Chirurgie-Dentaire de Toulouse, Toulouse, France; and
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Jain R, Waldvogel-Thurlow S, Darveau R, Douglas R. Differences in the paranasal sinuses between germ-free and pathogen-free mice. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol 2016; 6:631-7. [PMID: 27028583 DOI: 10.1002/alr.21712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2015] [Revised: 11/17/2015] [Accepted: 12/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of bacteria in the etiology of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is not fully understood. Commensal bacteria may have a significant impact on the development of normal paranasal sinus anatomy and mucosal immunity, as they do in the gut. Studying the paranasal sinuses of germ-free (GF) mice may provide some insight into the effect of commensal bacteria on sinus structure and mucosal function. METHODS The paranasal sinuses of 5 GF mice were compared to 5 pathogen-free normal mice. Mice heads underwent computed tomography and images were compared for pneumatization and geometry of the sinuses. Histologically, slides were examined by light microscopy and compared for mucosal thickness, epithelial thickness, cilia, collagen, goblet cells, and nasal-associated lymphatic tissue (NALT). RESULTS No radiological differences were seen between groups. Overall, GF mice were found to have thinner mucosa (Δ 15.2 ± 5.2 μm, p = 0.004), thinner epithelium (Δ 5.5 ± 2.6 μm, p = 0.037), more collagen (Δ 5.8% ± 1.6%, p < 0.001), fewer goblet cells (Δ 29.3 ± 5.4, p < 0.001), and less NALT (Δ 14,900 ± 6700 μm(2) , p = 0.04). Subanalysis by region revealed significant differences for GF mice in the middle (thinner mucosa, thinner epithelium, fewer cilia, and more collagen) and posterior (fewer goblet cells) sinus sections. CONCLUSION The results of this study demonstrate that commensal microbiota significantly contribute to the structure and function of murine paranasal sinuses. Therefore, changes in commensal microbiota associated with CRS may alter the normal microbe host dialogue in humans and be implicated in the pathogenesis of CRS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Jain
- Department of Surgery, The University of Auckland, Grafton, Auckland, New Zealand
| | | | - Richard Darveau
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Richard Douglas
- Department of Surgery, The University of Auckland, Grafton, Auckland, New Zealand
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