1
|
Jabbar H, Noor T, A Obaid M, Shakil A, Obaid MI, Aaqil SI, Memon UAA, Mohsin Z. Analysis of attitudes and practices toward gastroesophageal reflux disease among the general population of Pakistan. Future Sci OA 2024; 10:2359843. [PMID: 38855099 PMCID: PMC11160512 DOI: 10.2144/fsoa-2023-0144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Aim: Gastro-esophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a growing health concern. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, participants' knowledge, attitude and practice toward GERD were assessed using a questionnaire. Results: In our study of 411 participants, 92.5% knew about GERD. Correctly identified risk factors were smoking (62.3%), fatty food (84.2%), spicy food (91.2%) and meal timing (80.8%). Identified symptoms were burning sensation (92.2%) and regurgitation (81.0%). 43.6% of participants were unaware of GERD's complications. Only 46.2% would seek medical advice for feeling full after eating, but 85% would for severe symptoms. 88.7 and 86.8% of participants showed willingness to amend diet and lifestyle. Conclusion: General population has knowledge regarding GERD and its risk factors but poor attitude and practices toward the condition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Humaira Jabbar
- Department of Medicine, Jinnah Sindh Medical University, Karachi, Pakistan
- Department of Family Medicine, Ziauddin University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Tooba Noor
- Department of Medicine, Jinnah Sindh Medical University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad A Obaid
- Department of Medicine, Jinnah Sindh Medical University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Areej Shakil
- Department of Medicine, Jinnah Sindh Medical University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad I Obaid
- Department of Medicine, Bahria University Medical & Dental College, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Syeda I Aaqil
- Department of Medicine, Jinnah Sindh Medical University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Usama AA Memon
- Department of Medicine, Jinnah Sindh Medical University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Zoha Mohsin
- Department of Medicine, Jinnah Sindh Medical University, Karachi, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Elshennawy AT, Shatla IM, Agwa RH, Alghamdi HA, Alghamdi MTN, Alnashri AMM, Alqarni SDS, Alghamdi SSB, Alghamdi SIM, Alghamdi MAM. Prevalence of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease and Its Impact on the Quality of Life Among Obese Individuals in Al-Baha Region, Saudi Arabia. Cureus 2024; 16:e63073. [PMID: 38933342 PMCID: PMC11200320 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.63073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a global gastrointestinal disorder, and obesity is a particular risk factor. Symptoms of GERD, such as heartburn and acid reflux, are caused by abnormal relaxation in the lower esophagus, causing gastric acid reflux. Persistent symptoms can affect the patient's quality of life (QOL) and can cause complications, such as esophageal adenocarcinoma. Management of GERD includes lifestyle changes, antacids, and anti-reflux surgery. Even though GERD is a common disease, few research has been carried out on it in Saudi Arabia. Aim This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of GERD and its associated risk factors among obese individuals in the Al-Baha region population and the effect of GERD on their QOL. Methods A cross-sectional study included 314 obese participants from the Al-Baha region. A questionnaire was filled out to measure the prevalence of GERD, risk factors, and effects on the QOL of the participants. Data were analyzed by the IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, version 26.0 (released 2019, IBM Corp., Armonk, NY). Descriptive statistics and the chi-squared test were applied. Logistic regression analysis was used to determine the factors associated with the incidence of GERD. A p-value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results A total of 314 patients who met our inclusion criteria completed the survey; 42% of them were women, the mean age of all patients was 35.3 ± 12.9 years, and 38.2% of the patients were diagnosed with GERD. Epigastric pain and burning sensation were the most common symptoms (44.9%). Five out of six domains in the QOL questionnaire showed more effects among GERD participants than non-GERD participants, and the results were statistically significant (p = 0.001). Logistic regression analysis showed that men are 1.8 times more likely than women to be diagnosed with GERD, and smokers have 2.6 times the risk of being diagnosed with GERD than non-smokers. Conclusion The present study showed a high prevalence of GERD among obese patients in the Al-Baha region, negatively affecting their QOL. Major risk factors included gender, smoking, dyslipidemia, and hypertension. Public health programs to raise awareness of these risk factors and lifestyle habits are necessary to improve QOL and prevent complications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed T Elshennawy
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Baha University, Al-Baha, SAU
| | - Ibrahim M Shatla
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Baha University, Al-Baha, SAU
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Damietta, EGY
| | - Ramy H Agwa
- Department of Internal Medicine/Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Mansoura University, Mansoura, EGY
- Department of Internal Medicine/Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Baha University, Al-Baha, SAU
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Bin Abdulrahman KA, Alsaif AF, Almehaidib IA, Almtehe MA, Alqahtani NM, Alabdali AK. Prevalence and risk factors of gastro-esophageal reflux disease among college students at a public university in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. J Family Med Prim Care 2024; 13:1401-1407. [PMID: 38827728 PMCID: PMC11142017 DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_1715_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is one of the most prevalent gastrointestinal disorders worldwide. It manifests when the lower esophageal sphincter malfunctions, causing the stomach's contents to reflux into the esophagus, lead to discomforting symptoms. Heartburn and regurgitation are the typical symptoms of GERD. This study aims to determine the prevalence of GERD and assess its risk factors. Materials and Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted at IMSIU, Saudi Arabia. An online survey was distributed to the students' email addresses to determine the prevalence of GERD, its related risk factors, and understanding of its symptoms. Results One thousand five hundred and thirty-three (1533) students participated in the survey. The prevalence of GERD was 34.6%. The majority (79.7%) of the respondent students had heard of GERD. Stress is believed to be a factor in developing GERD by 35.7% of students. Heartburn was the predominant symptom of GERD (76.2%). No association existed between the socio-demographic traits of those with GERD except for age and academic year. Conclusions It is imperative to raise public awareness of the disorder's characteristics and its modifiable risk factors to prevent the emergence of GERD and its complications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Khalid A. Bin Abdulrahman
- Department of Medical Education, College of Medicine, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah F. Alsaif
- Department of Family Medicine, College of Medicine, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ibrahim A. Almehaidib
- Department of Family Medicine, College of Medicine, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed A. Almtehe
- Department of Family Medicine, College of Medicine, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nawaf M. Alqahtani
- Department of Family Medicine, College of Medicine, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulaziz K. Alabdali
- Department of Family Medicine, College of Medicine, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
AlHussaini KI, Bin Abbas FB, Aljabri SF, Bayamin RA, Alfraih YA, Alsarar SA. Prevalence and Risk Factors for Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) Among Visitors to the Health Center of Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University. Cureus 2023; 15:e43936. [PMID: 37746515 PMCID: PMC10513474 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.43936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A considerable majority of people have gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), a common gastrointestinal ailment. Globally, the prevalence of GERD has been rising, and it is linked to several risk factors. In this study, the incidence of GERD in a sample of the population was examined, along with the associated factors that may have an impact on it. METHODOLOGY The Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease Questionnaire (GERD-Q) was included in a self-administered survey given to 490 participants in a cross-sectional study to help determine who was more likely to have GERD. The questionnaire collected data on demographic elements, health-related traits, and past GERD diagnoses. RESULTS The findings revealed that 32.7% of the individuals had previously received a GERD diagnosis. Of the patients, 17.1% had a GERD-Q score of 8 or above, which indicates a higher likelihood of having GERD. Participants who had previously been diagnosed with GERD had a noticeably greater incidence of GERD, and females had a higher incidence of GERD than males. The frequency of caffeine consumption was substantially correlated with the occurrence of GERD. CONCLUSION Our study emphasizes the value of early GERD diagnosis and therapy to reduce problems and enhance the quality of life for those who are affected. According to our research, coffee use, gender, and prior GERD diagnoses are all linked to an increased risk of developing GERD. The GERD-Q is a trustworthy and proven tool for GERD diagnosis and might be used in clinical practice to recognize GERD patients and offer suitable treatment. Additional research is required to determine how additional risk variables affect the prevalence of GERD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Khalid I AlHussaini
- Department of Internal Medicine, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh, SAU
| | - Fahad B Bin Abbas
- Department of Internal Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, SAU
| | - Shawq F Aljabri
- College of Medicine, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh, SAU
| | - Rawan A Bayamin
- College of Medicine, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh, SAU
| | - Yara A Alfraih
- College of Medicine, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh, SAU
| | - Somiah A Alsarar
- College of Medicine, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh, SAU
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Belete M, Tesfaye W, Akalu Y, Adane A, Yeshaw Y. Gastroesophageal reflux disease symptoms and associated factors among university students in Amhara region, Ethiopia, 2021: a cross-sectional study. BMC Gastroenterol 2023; 23:130. [PMID: 37076820 PMCID: PMC10116815 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-023-02758-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) symptom is a relapsing chronic medical condition resulting from the reflux of gastric acid contents into the esophagus and throat or mouth. It interferes with social functioning, sleep, productivity, and quality of life. Despite this, the magnitude of GERD symptoms is not known in Ethiopia. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the prevalence and associated factors of GERD symptoms among university students in the Amhara national regional state. METHODS An institutional-based cross-sectional study was employed in Amhara national regional state Universities, from April 1, 2021, to May 1, 2021. Eight hundred and forty-six students were included in the study. A stratified multistage sampling technique was employed. Data were collected by using a pretested self-administered questionnaire. Data were entered via Epi Data version 4.6.0.5 and analyzed by SPSS version-26 software. The bivariable and multivariable binary logistic regression analyses were used to determine the associated factors of GERD symptoms. The adjusted odds ratio (AOR) with a 95% confidence interval (CI) was calculated. Variables having a p-value of ≤ 0.05 were considered statistically significant. RESULTS The prevalence of GERD symptoms in this study was 32.1% (95% CI = 28.7-35.5%). Being in the age of 20-25 years (AOR = 1.74, 95%CI = 1.03-2.94), female (AOR = 1.67, 95% CI = 1.15-2.41), use of antipain (AOR = 2.47, 95% CI = 1.65-3.69) and soft drinks (AOR = 1.58, 95% CI = 1.13-2.20) were significantly associated with higher odds of GERD symptoms. Urban dwellers had less chance of having GERD symptoms (AOR = 0.67, 95% CI = 0.48-0.94). CONCLUSION Nearly one-third of university students are affected by GERD symptoms. Age, sex, residence, use of antipain, and consumption of soft drinks were significantly associated with GERD. Reducing modifiable risk factors such as antipain use and soft drink consumption among students is advisable to decrease the disease burden.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mekonnen Belete
- Department of Human Physiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia.
| | - Winta Tesfaye
- Department of Human Physiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Yonas Akalu
- Department of Human Physiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Adugnaw Adane
- Department of Human Physiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Hawassa University, Hawassa, Ethiopia
| | - Yigizie Yeshaw
- Department of Human Physiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Alenzi EO, Fatima W, Amara A, Imran M, Shah SSH, Elbilgahy AA, Fawzy MS, Abu-Negm LM, Mujtaba MA, Jacinto-Caspillo I, Al-Hazimi AM. A Systematic Review of Chronic Diseases and Their Prevalence Among the Population of Northern Borders Province (NBP) in Saudi Arabia. J Multidiscip Healthc 2023; 16:1047-1056. [PMID: 37089278 PMCID: PMC10120835 DOI: 10.2147/jmdh.s401001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Estimation of the prevalence of chronic conditions is pivotal to effective healthcare planning and management. Therefore, our objective was to systemically review previous literature about the prevalence of chronic diseases among residents of Northern Borders Province (NBP) in Saudi Arabia. The electronic search has been done using scientific databases (PubMed, Ebsco, SciFinder, and Web of Science) and search engines up to September 2021. The following main key terms: chronic disease OR chronic conditions AND prevalence AND Northern Borders Province OR Northern Borders AND Saudi Arabia were applied. Other related terms with a more specific search were done with names of the main cities in the province and the most common diseases in Saudi Arabia. Duplicates were removed electronically by Endnote and manually. Extracted data were tabulated in the literature matrix. The risk of bias and quality of included studies were assessed using the "Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology" (STROBE) checklist. Out of 63 observational studies that were assessed for eligibility, 21 observational studies were included to synthesize the evidence. These studies were conducted on Arar (n=16), Turaif (n=2), and Rafha (n=1), while the remaining were national studies in which NBP was one of the included regions (n=2). The most frequently studied diseases were diabetes (4 records), psychological diseases (4 records), and obesity (3 records). The most prevalent disease was gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), with an estimated prevalence of 61% among adults in Arar city. In conclusion, although some research is conducted about chronic diseases somewhere in NBP, further studies are needed to study chronic diseases using a representative sample of the whole NBP population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ebtihag O Alenzi
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Northern Border University, Arar, Saudi Arabia
- Clinical Sciences Department, College of Medicine, Princess Nourah bint Abdul Rahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Health & Medical Research Unit, Deanship of Scientific Research, Northern Border University, Arar, Saudi Arabia
| | - Waseem Fatima
- Health & Medical Research Unit, Deanship of Scientific Research, Northern Border University, Arar, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Northern Border University, Arar, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdelbasset Amara
- Health & Medical Research Unit, Deanship of Scientific Research, Northern Border University, Arar, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Northern Border University, Arar, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohd Imran
- Health & Medical Research Unit, Deanship of Scientific Research, Northern Border University, Arar, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Northern Border University, Rafha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Syed Sajid Hussain Shah
- Health & Medical Research Unit, Deanship of Scientific Research, Northern Border University, Arar, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Northern Border University, Arar, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amal Ahmed Elbilgahy
- Health & Medical Research Unit, Deanship of Scientific Research, Northern Border University, Arar, Saudi Arabia
- Maternal and Child Health Nursing Department, Faculty of Nursing, Northern Border University, Arar, Saudi Arabia
- Pediatric Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Manal S Fawzy
- Health & Medical Research Unit, Deanship of Scientific Research, Northern Border University, Arar, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Northern Border University, Arar, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
- Correspondence: Manal S Fawzy; Awdah M Al-Hazimi, Tel +966 583241944; +966 505375690, Fax +966 146640705, Email ;
| | - Lobna M Abu-Negm
- Health & Medical Research Unit, Deanship of Scientific Research, Northern Border University, Arar, Saudi Arabia
- Emergency Nursing Department, Faculty of Nursing, Northern Border University, Arar, Saudi Arabia
- Medical Surgical Nursing Department, Faculty of Nursing, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Md Ali Mujtaba
- Health & Medical Research Unit, Deanship of Scientific Research, Northern Border University, Arar, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Northern Border University, Rafha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ingrid Jacinto-Caspillo
- Health & Medical Research Unit, Deanship of Scientific Research, Northern Border University, Arar, Saudi Arabia
- Medical and Surgical Nursing Department, Faculty of Nursing, Northern Border University, Arar, Saudi Arabia
| | - Awdah M Al-Hazimi
- Health & Medical Research Unit, Deanship of Scientific Research, Northern Border University, Arar, Saudi Arabia
- Faculty of Medicine, Northern Border University, Arar, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Ramya Sree M, Kolli H, Periyasamy B, Praveen V. A cross-sectional study to evaluate the prevalence and risk factors of gastro-esophageal reflux disease among the undergraduate medical students of a tertiary-care Indian setting. MGM JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCES 2023. [DOI: 10.4103/mgmj.mgmj_186_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/01/2023] Open
|
8
|
Al-Marhabi A, Hashem A, Zuberi BF, Onyekwere C, Lodhi I, Mounir M, Alkhowaiter S, Al Awadhi S, Naidoo VG, Hamada Y. The views of African and Middle Eastern Gastroenterologists on the management of mild-to-moderate, non-erosive gastro-esophageal reflux disease (GERD). Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2022; 16:217-233. [PMID: 35184616 DOI: 10.1080/17474124.2022.2043744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Gastro-esophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a common gastrointestinal disorder that occurs when backflow of the gastric contents into the esophagus results in troublesome symptoms. Though GERD has been extensively studied in Western populations, literature on the management of GERD in patients in Africa and Middle East (AME) is scarce. AREAS COVERED In this review, we provide an overview of the management of mild-to-moderate GERD in AME. Here we focus on the efficacy and safety of currently available treatments for GERD to help physicians and community pharmacists appropriately manage patients with mild-to-moderate GERD in the primary healthcare setting, detailing specific situations and patient scenarios that are relevant to the region, including management of GERD during Ramadan and post-bariatric surgery. EXPERT OPINION Under-appreciation of the burden of GERD in the region has resulted in a lack of consensus on management. Barriers that currently prevent the adoption of treatment guidelines in the primary healthcare setting may include lack of availability of local guidelines and referral systems, a paucity of region-specific research, and dogmatic adherence to traditional practice. By increasing awareness, strengthening knowledge, and by more effective utilization of resources, physicians and pharmacists could optimize GERD management strategies to better support patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Al-Marhabi
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Imam AbdulRahman Bin Faisal University, Khobar, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Hashem
- Endemic Medicine Department, Cairo University, Egypt.,Department of Medicine & Gastroenterology, Saudi German Hospital Jeddah, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Bader Faiyaz Zuberi
- Department of Medicine & Gastroenterology, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Charles Onyekwere
- Department of Medicine, Lagos State University College of Medicine, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Imran Lodhi
- Global Medical Sciences, Reckitt Healthcare, London, UK
| | - Mohamed Mounir
- Regional Medical Affairs, Reckitt Benckiser (Arabia) FZE, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Saad Alkhowaiter
- Gastroenterology, King Saud University, King Khalid University Hospital, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Sameer Al Awadhi
- Digestive Diseases Unit, Rashid Hospital, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Vasudevan G Naidoo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Inkosi Albert Luthuli Central Hospital, Durban, South Africa.,Department of Gastroenterology, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Yasser Hamada
- Endemic Medicine Department, Cairo University, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Otayf B, Dallak F, Alomaish A, Qadri A, Moafa R, Gosadi I, Alhazmi AH. Prevalence and Risk Factors of Gastroesophageal Reflux Among Jazan University Students, Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study. Cureus 2022; 14:e22500. [PMID: 35371699 PMCID: PMC8946932 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.22500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
|
10
|
Effects of Coffee on the Gastro-Intestinal Tract: A Narrative Review and Literature Update. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14020399. [PMID: 35057580 PMCID: PMC8778943 DOI: 10.3390/nu14020399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of the present research was to review the state of the art on the consequences of drinking coffee at the different levels of the gastrointestinal tract. At some steps of the digestive process, the effects of coffee consumption seem rather clear. This is the case for the stimulation of gastric acid secretion, the stimulation of biliary and pancreatic secretion, the reduction of gallstone risk, the stimulation of colic motility, and changes in the composition of gut microbiota. Other aspects are still controversial, such as the possibility for coffee to affect gastro-esophageal reflux, peptic ulcers, and intestinal inflammatory diseases. This review also includes a brief summary on the lack of association between coffee consumption and cancer of the different digestive organs, and points to the powerful protective effect of coffee against the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma. This review reports the available evidence on different topics and identifies the areas that would most benefit from additional studies.
Collapse
|
11
|
Al Ghadeer HA, Alabbad ZE, AlShaikh SB, Ahmed SU, Bu-Khamseen AA, Alhashem AT, Alhamrani AH, AlGhadeer MR, Alibrahim DA, Alkishi BM. Prevalence of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease and Associated Risk Factors in the Eastern Region, Saudi Arabia. Cureus 2021; 13:e19599. [PMID: 34926068 PMCID: PMC8671076 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.19599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a common upper gastrointestinal disorder characterized by heartburn and acid regurgitation. A higher incidence is found in Arab countries. Untreated GERD has a negative impact on individuals that interfere with daily activities and impaired quality of life. This study aims to estimate the prevalence of GERD and associated risk factors in the Eastern region, Saudi Arabia. Material & Methodology A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out among 1517 healthy participants from the Eastern province of Saudi Arabia from May to August 2021. The sample was randomly collected through a structured self-administered questionnaire. The questionnaire was composed of questions related to sociodemographic and lifestyle characteristics as risk factors for GERD. The existence of GERD was assessed by using GERD Questionnaire (GerdQ) for diagnosing GERD, when the score is 8 or more. Results A total of 1517 participants were included in the study: 58.8% male, 41.2% female; 9% of whom were pregnant. The age of participants ranged from 18 to 58 with a mean age of 27.5 ± 11.4 years old. The existence of GERD was 20.6% among the total participants, in which their GerdQ scores were 3-7 (68.9%), 8-10 (22.1%), and 8-11 (8.5%). The higher risk groups of having GERD were pregnant women, smoker, being male, regular usage of analgesia, soft drinks, and having a family history of GERD. Conclusion This study showed the prevalence of GERD among the general population of the Eastern region, Saudi Arabia was 20.6%. Several sociodemographic and lifestyle characteristics were associated with the disease. Further studies are needed to explore the role of psychological factors in developing GERD.
Collapse
|
12
|
Odah MM, Ewis AA, Alessi AA, Alhasani TM, Alghanmi AA, Almarhabi AA, Almuashi IM, Almathami AA, Alfakieh HO, Alkudaysi FM, Alnashri IA, Alnashri HI, Awad MA, Alammari MS, Alessa AA. Prevalence of Gastroesophageal Disease and Associated Risk Factors Among the Population in Al-Qunfudah. Cureus 2021; 13:e20325. [PMID: 34909354 PMCID: PMC8663801 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.20325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and objective Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is one of the most common gastrointestinal diseases worldwide. It causes an unpleasant effect on patients' lives and may lead to serious complications resulting in a significant burden on healthcare systems. Despite being a common gastrointestinal disease, very few studies have been conducted on the condition in Saudi Arabia; and there has never been a study to estimate the prevalence of GERD in the Al-Qunfudah Governorate. In light of this, we conducted this study with an aim to assess the prevalence of GERD and its associated risk factors among the Al-Qunfudah population. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in the Al-Qunfudah Governorate by using an online self-administrated questionnaire that was shared through social media during the first week of January 2021. The questionnaire consisted of a general section on sociodemographic data and a section on the diagnosis of GERD based on the validated gastroesophageal reflux disease questionnaire (GERD-Q). A total of 1,180 eligible participants responded to the questionnaire. Results Nearly one-third (32.9%) of the study participants had GERD based on their reported symptoms and calculated scores (GERD-Q score ≥8). About 14.8% of the participants (175/1,180) reported that they had already been diagnosed with GERD before their participation in our survey. Regarding risk factors of GERD, about 35% reported experiencing psychological stress, 28.3% had a family member diagnosed with GERD, and 18.1% were smokers; 49.4% of the participants had their symptoms aggravated by consuming fatty or fried food and 46.7% by spicy food. One of the factors that helped to relieve GERD symptoms was avoiding symptom-aggravating food, as reported by more than half (50.7%) of the participants. Conclusion The prevalence of GERD in the Al-Qunfudah population is high as the condition has affected one-third of the adult population. Our study confirms that male gender, age of 30 years or above, being overweight or obese, being married, smoking habit, use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), having psychological stress, being asthmatic, or having a family history of GERD are factors that significantly increase the likelihood of developing GERD. The reported risk factors include experiencing psychological stress, a family history of GERD, high BMI, and smoking.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mosad M Odah
- Biochemistry, Umm Al-Qura University, Al-Qunfudah, SAU
| | - Ashraf A Ewis
- Public Health, Umm Al-Qura University, Al-Qunfudah, SAU
| | - Awad A Alessi
- Medicine and Surgery, Umm Al-Qura University, Al-Qunfudah, SAU
| | | | - Ali A Alghanmi
- Medicine and Surgery, Umm Al-Qura University, Al-Qunfudah, SAU
| | | | | | - Ali A Almathami
- Medicine and Surgery, Umm Al-Qura University, Al-Qunfudah, SAU
| | | | | | | | | | - Mohammed A Awad
- Medicine and Surgery, Umm Al-Qura University, Al-Qunfudah, SAU
| | | | - Adnan A Alessa
- Medicine and Surgery, Umm Al-Qura University, Al-Qunfudah, SAU
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Alshaikh OM, Alkhonain IM, Anazi MS, Alahmari AA, Alsulami FO, Alsharqi AA. Assessing the Degree of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) Knowledge Among the Riyadh Population. Cureus 2021; 13:e19569. [PMID: 34917444 PMCID: PMC8670576 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.19569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a chronic disease mainly characterized by heartburn and acid regurgitation. To our knowledge, there have been a limited number of studies in Saudi Arabia looking at the knowledge level among the general population regarding this disease and its associated factors. Therefore, this study aims to identify the knowledge level of the disease and its associated factors, assess the prevalence of GERD among the Riyadh general population, and assess the need for educational programs for GERD. Methodology A cross-sectional study was conducted among the general public in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. The degree of GERD knowledge was assessed by translating and editing Jorgen Urnes' 24-item questionnaire into Arabic. In addition, six questions related to the symptoms and complications of GERD were added. Convenience sampling was done by using a Google form to distribute the questionnaire. The questionnaire assesses GERD knowledge by asking about the signs, symptoms, risk factors, predisposing factors, and management of GERD. Statistical analysis was performed using R v. 3.6.3 (https://cran.r-project.org/bin/windows/base/old/3.6.3/). Counts and percentages were used to summarize the distribution of categorical variables. Results The questionnaire was completed by 664 respondents (48.2% males and 51.8% females). The average age of the included respondents was 34.1 ± 12.8 years and Saudis represented 97% of the included respondents. The majority of the respondents had heard of GERD (83%). The average number of correct answers was 12.7 ± 6.1. In total, 40 respondents did not answer any questions correctly. Approximately one-third of respondents answered >50% of the questions correctly (n = 250, 37.6%). Approximately half of the respondents identified all risk factors for GERD. Other common risk factors identified included caffeine (23.6%), fast food (26.8%), and smoking (17.6%). Slightly more than a quarter of the respondents reported being diagnosed with GERD (28.8%). Knowledge was significantly higher among respondents who had received a diagnosis of GERD. A statistically significant positive association was observed between age and knowledge (r = 0.19, p < 0.001). Conclusion The study shows a relatively good knowledge level compared to previously reported figures in Saudi Arabia and worldwide. Educational programs for GERD should be increased in Saudi Arabia and more health conferences and teaching school students of the disease should be highlighted to increase the general knowledge of this disease in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Omalkhaire M Alshaikh
- Internal Medicine and Endocrinology, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University, College of Medicine, Riyadh, SAU
| | - Issa M Alkhonain
- Family Medicine, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University, College of Medicine, Riyadh, SAU
| | - Muath S Anazi
- Internal Medicine, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University, College of Medicine, Riyadh, SAU
| | - Albaraa A Alahmari
- Medicine, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University, College of Medicine, Riyadh, SAU
| | | | - Abdulrhman A Alsharqi
- Medicine, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University, College of Medicine, Riyadh, SAU
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Alsaleem MA, Awadalla NJ, Shehata SF, Saeed Alsamghan A, AlFlan MA, Alhumaidi MM, Alwadai MS, Althabet FS, Alzahrani MS, Alsaleem SA, Mahfouz AA. Prevalence and factors associated with gastroesophageal reflux disease among primary health care attendants at Abha city, southwestern Saudi Arabia. Saudi Pharm J 2021; 29:597-602. [PMID: 34194266 PMCID: PMC8233534 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2021.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is an abnormal reflux of the gastric content into the esophagus. In Saudi Arabia the GERD prevalence is not recently well studied. OBJECTIVE To investigate the prevalence of gastroesophageal reflux disease and associated factors among attendants of primary health care centers (PHCCs) at Abha city, Saudi Arabia. METHOD A descriptive cross- sectional study was performed using GerdQ as diagnostic tool for the GERD. The GerdQ consisted of six questions. Four questions were about the positive GERD predictors. The other two questions were about the negative GERD predictors. The scoring of GerdQ relies on the frequency of GERD symptoms during the last seven days. Using stratified random sample technique a representative sample was slected from the study PHCCs taking into conmsideration the relative catchment population in each center among adult males and females attending the selected PHCCs for any reason. RESULTS The present study included 320 persons. The study showed a prevalence of GERD of 67.8%. The prevalence of GERD with high impact on daily life (HIDL) was found to be 50%. By multiple logistic regression (enter method) only four significant independent factors associated with GERD were identified; being unmarried (aOR = 1.85, 95% CI:1.02-3.23); smoking (aOR = 2.11, 95% CI: 1.41-5.98), fast food intake (OR = 1.28, 95% CI:1.01-1.71), and subjective perception of stress (OR = 3.0, 95% CI:1.68-5.26). CONCLUSIONS GERD is a public health problem among adults in the region. Community level awareness programs are recommended. Healthcare providers must be aware of community perceptions and practices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed A. Alsaleem
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nabil J. Awadalla
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Community Medicine, College of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Shehata F. Shehata
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Biostatistics, High Institute of Public Health, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21511, Egypt
| | - Awad Saeed Alsamghan
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed A. AlFlan
- Medical Intern, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Marwan M. Alhumaidi
- Medical Intern, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed S. Alwadai
- Medical Intern, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahad S. Althabet
- Medical Intern, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamad S. Alzahrani
- Medical Intern, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Safar A. Alsaleem
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed A. Mahfouz
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Epidemiology, High Institute of Public Health, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21511, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Associations between Lifestyle Habits, Perceived Symptoms and Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease in Patients Seeking Health Check-Ups. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18073808. [PMID: 33917336 PMCID: PMC8038685 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18073808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is one of the most common diseases. It mainly causes the stomach contents to flow back to the esophagus, thereby stimulating the esophagus and causing discomfort. From the results of our research, we intend to provide the general public with information related to preventing gastroesophageal reflux disease and medical personnel with information on the treatment and care of patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease. This study aimed to investigate the association of lifestyle habits and perceived symptoms on GERD in patients who underwent routine health check-ups. This study was conducted as a retrospective cross-sectional design to collect GERD cases from the medical records containing the health questionnaires and the report of endoscopic findings on the day of the health check-up. A total of 5653 patients were enrolled between 1 January 2016, and 31 December 2018. About 60.2% (n = 3404) of patients with GERD were diagnosed based on endoscopic findings. Descriptive and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to identify the risk factors of the development of GERD. The results of the multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that age, sex, waist circumference, Areca catechu chewing habit, sleep disorders, otolaryngology symptoms, and hepatobiliary and gastrointestinal symptoms were significantly associated with GERD. In this study, our results can be used as a reference for public health care and clinicians. Because most GERD cases can be controlled and prevented by lifestyle modifications, health professionals should always obtain a detailed history regarding symptoms and lifestyle habits associated with GERD.
Collapse
|
16
|
Halawani H, Banoon S. Prevalence and Determinants of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease and the Risk Factors Among Adult Patients Attending Al-Iskan Primary Health Care Center in Makkah, 2020. Cureus 2020; 12:e10535. [PMID: 33094075 PMCID: PMC7574976 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.10535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Globally, gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) has a potentially high prevalence, with a wide rate of variability across different populations due to inconsistency in the risk factors. Hence, a cross-sectional study was conducted using a self-administered, structured questionnaire at Al-Iskan Primary Health Care (PHC) Center to investigate the prevalence rate and associated factors in Makkah Almukarramah, the west of Saudi Arabia. The study included 339 participants. The mean age for participants was 39.5 ± 15.5 years, and the range was from 18 to 84 years. Male participants were 247 (72.9%) and females were 92 (27.1%). Participants were diagnosed with GERD on achieving a GERD questionnaire score of ≥8. In our sample, 59 (17.4%) were diagnosed with asymptomatic GERD. The represented logistic regression shows that family history of GERD, marital status (divorce), smoking, physical activity frequency, tomatoes/tomato-based foods, salty foods, acidic drinks, frequent use of analgesics, and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) consumption shows statistical significance and association (P < 0.05) with increased risk of symptomatic GERD. Conclusively, the results show that GERD is prevalent in Makkah with the presence of modifiable risk factors which can significantly affect the ascendency of the disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hamza Halawani
- Family Medicine, Aliskan Primary Health Care, Makkah, SAU
| | - Shadi Banoon
- Family Medicine, Primary Health Care, Ministry of Health, Makkah, SAU
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Alwhaibi A, Alghadeer S, Bablghaith S, Wajid S, Alrabiah Z, Alhossan A, Al-Arifi M. Prevalence and severity of dyspepsia in Saudi Arabia: A survey-based study. Saudi Pharm J 2020; 28:1062-1067. [PMID: 32922136 PMCID: PMC7474163 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2020.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and aim Dyspepsia is one of the gastrointestinal diseases that is very common worldwide. Despite its prevalence globally, which ranges between 1.8% and 57%, no study has assessed the prevalence in Saudi Arabia. This study was aimed to investigate the prevalence and severity of dyspepsia in the general population of Saudi Arabia. Methods A modified Short-Form Leeds Dyspepsia Questionnaire (SF-LDQ) was utilized to conduct our study. The questionnaire score ranges between 0 and 32, where zero indicated no dyspepsia, a score of 1–8 indicated mild dyspepsia, a score of 9–15 indicated moderate dyspepsia and a score of higher than 15 represented severe dyspepsia. Socio-demographic data of the participants including age, gender, marital status, BMI, job description, insurance, and education level were collected. Using Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 21.0 (SPSS), a univariate analysis was performed to assess the association of participants characteristics with the prevalence of dyspepsia, whereas logistic regression analysis was used to correlate their characteristics with the severity of dyspepsia. Results During a period of one month, March 1st to 31st 2019, a total of 778 participants have completed the survey. Most of them were females accounting for 68% of the population, married (63.9%), middle aged (range 34–51 years old) and literate with high school education (72.3%). Ninety two percent (92%) of the study population were found to experience dyspepsia. However, there is no significant association between socio-demographic characteristics and dyspepsia or its severity as well. Conclusion The prevalence of dyspepsia in Saudi Arabia is the highest in the gulf region which would potentially lead to more GI complications, and associate to poor health and economic outcomes. Education programs are essential to raise the people awareness of dyspepsia and the appropriate ways to prevent it.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abdulrahman Alwhaibi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy – King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Corresponding author.
| | - Sultan Alghadeer
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy – King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Basic Sciences, Prince Sultan Bin Abdulaziz College for Emergency Medical Services, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Salmeen Bablghaith
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy – King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Syed Wajid
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy – King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ziyad Alrabiah
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy – King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulaziz Alhossan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy – King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Al-Arifi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy – King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Patients with acid, high-fat and low-protein diet have higher laryngopharyngeal reflux episodes at the impedance-pH monitoring. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2019; 277:511-520. [DOI: 10.1007/s00405-019-05711-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
|
19
|
Development of scores assessing the refluxogenic potential of diet of patients with laryngopharyngeal reflux. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2019; 276:3389-3404. [PMID: 31515662 DOI: 10.1007/s00405-019-05631-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To develop clinical tools assessing the refluxogenic potential of foods and beverages (F&B) consumed by patients with laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR). METHODS European experts of the LPR Study group of the Young-Otolaryngologists of the International Federation of Oto-rhino-laryngological societies were invited to identify the components of Western European F&B that would be associated with the development of LPR. Based on the list generated by experts, four authors conducted a systematic review to identify the F&B involved in the development of esophageal sphincter and motility dysfunctions, both mechanisms involved in the development of gastroesophageal reflux disease and LPR. Regarding the F&B components and the characteristics identified as important in the development of reflux, experts developed three rational scores for the assessment of the refluxogenic potential of F&B, a dish, or the overall diet of the patient. RESULTS Twenty-six European experts participated to the study and identified the following components of F&B as important in the development of LPR: pH; lipid, carbohydrate, protein composition; fiber composition of vegetables; alcohol degree; caffeine/theine composition; and high osmolality of beverage. A total of 72 relevant studies have contributed to identifying the Western European F&B that are highly susceptible to be involved in the development of reflux. The F&B characteristics were considered for developing a Refluxogenic Diet Score (REDS), allowing a categorization of F&B into five categories ranging from 1 (low refluxogenic F&B) to 5 (high refluxogenic F&B). From REDS, experts developed the Refluxogenic Score of a Dish (RESDI) and the Global Refluxogenic Diet Score (GRES), which allow the assessment of the refluxogenic potential of dish and the overall diet of the LPR patient, respectively. CONCLUSION REDS, RESDI and GRES are proposed as objective scores for assessing the refluxogenic potential of F&B composing a dish or the overall diet of LPR patients. Future studies are needed to study the correlation between these scores and the development of LPR according to impedance-pH study.
Collapse
|
20
|
Alrashed AA, Aljammaz KI, Pathan A, Mandili AA, Almatrafi SA, Almotire MH, Bahkali SM. Prevalence and risk factors of gastroesophageal reflux disease among Shaqra University students, Saudi Arabia. J Family Med Prim Care 2019; 8:462-467. [PMID: 30984655 PMCID: PMC6436310 DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_443_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is one of the most common chronic gastrointestinal disorders in adults, it develops when the stomach contents reflux and rise up into the esophagus as a result from lower esophageal sphincter dysfunction. Stomach acid that touches the lining of the esophagus causes symptoms and complications. The classical symptoms of GERD include heartburn, usually after eating, chest pain, and regurgitation. Aim To measure the prevalence of gastroesophageal reflux disease and determine its risk factors among the students of Shaqra University. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted using a structured questionnaire distributed among Shaqra University students after multistage stratification and random sampling technique to stratify students according to gender and the three main colleges in Shaqra city, Saudi Arabia. The sample size was determined to be 435 with the precision of ± 5% and a 95% confidence interval (CI). The questionnaire included demographic data like age, gender, height and weight, lifestyle, and dietary habits. Statistical data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 16. Results with a P value of <0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results A total of 400 [227 (56%) male and 173 (43%) female] participants were evaluated. And 95 participants got a gastroesophageal reflux disease questionnaire score of ≥8 thus determining the prevalence of GERD to be 23.8%. Univariate analysis revealed that gender, smoking, familial history of GERD, high body mass index (>25 kg/m2), fast food, tea, carbonated beverages consumption, quick eating, and sleeping within 1 hour of dinner are associated with symptomatic GERD (P < 0.05). Conclusion The results show a high prevalence of GERD in Shaqra university students and the presence of many modifiable risk factors which merits the conduction of public health campaigns to raise awareness about the disease and its risk factors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Aslam Pathan
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine, Sahqra University, Shaqra, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aeshah A Mandili
- College of Medicine, Umm Al-qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Samah A Almatrafi
- College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz for Health Sciences, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | |
Collapse
|