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Wagner S, McCracken J, Bruszies S, Broadhurst R, Wells DN, Oback B, Bode J, Laible G. Episomal minicircles persist in periods of transcriptional inactivity and can be transmitted through somatic cell nuclear transfer into bovine embryos. Mol Biol Rep 2019; 46:1737-1746. [PMID: 30694456 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-019-04624-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Episomal plasmids based on a scaffold/matrix attachment region (S/MAR) are extrachromosomal DNA entities that replicate once per cell cycle and are stably maintained in cells or tissue. We generated minicircles, episomal plasmids devoid of bacterial sequences, and show that they are stably transmitted in clonal primary bovine fibroblasts without selection pressure over more than two months. Total DNA, plasmid extraction and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analyses suggest that the minicircles remained episomal and were not integrated into the genome. Minicircles survived extended periods in serum-starved cells, which indicates that ongoing transcription in non-proliferating cells is not necessary for the maintenance of S/MAR-episomes. To test whether minicircles endure the process of somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT), we used cell-cycle synchronized, serum-starved, minicircle-containing cells. Analysis of cells outgrown from SCNT-derived blastocysts shows that the minicircles are maintained through SCNT and early embryonic development, which raises the prospect of using cell lines with episomal minicircles for the generation of transgenic animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Wagner
- AgResearch Limited, Ruakura Research Centre, Hamilton, 3240, New Zealand. .,Rowett Institute, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, UK.
| | - Judi McCracken
- AgResearch Limited, Ruakura Research Centre, Hamilton, 3240, New Zealand
| | - Sabine Bruszies
- AgResearch Limited, Ruakura Research Centre, Hamilton, 3240, New Zealand
| | - Ric Broadhurst
- AgResearch Limited, Ruakura Research Centre, Hamilton, 3240, New Zealand
| | - David N Wells
- AgResearch Limited, Ruakura Research Centre, Hamilton, 3240, New Zealand
| | - Björn Oback
- AgResearch Limited, Ruakura Research Centre, Hamilton, 3240, New Zealand
| | - Jürgen Bode
- Hannover Medical School (MHH), Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Götz Laible
- AgResearch Limited, Ruakura Research Centre, Hamilton, 3240, New Zealand
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Van Eenennaam AL, Young AE. Animal agriculture and the importance of agnostic governance of biotechnology. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1186/s40066-015-0043-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Deng S, Li G, Zhang J, Zhang X, Cui M, Guo Y, Liu G, Li G, Feng J, Lian Z. Transgenic cloned sheep overexpressing ovine toll-like receptor 4. Theriogenology 2013; 80:50-7. [PMID: 23623352 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2013.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2012] [Revised: 02/25/2013] [Accepted: 03/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
An ovine fetal fibroblast cell line highly expressing TLR4 was established by inserting TLR4 into a reconstructive p3S-LoxP plasmid. Transgenic sheep overexpressing TLR4 were produced by transferring TLR4-transfected fetal fibroblasts into metaphase (M)II-stage enucleated oocytes (using SCNT). Because reconstructed embryos derived from MII-stage enucleated oocytes matured in vivo using a delayed-activated method had a higher pregnancy rate (18.52%) than that from MII-stage enucleated oocytes matured in vitro, the former procedure was used. Nine TLR4-transgenic live births were confirmed using polymerase chain reaction and Southern blot analysis. Increased expression of TLR4 at mRNA and protein levels in ear tissues of transgenic lambs were verified using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry, respectively. More toll-like receptor 4 protein was expressed by peripheral blood monocytes and/or macrophages collected from 3-month-old TLR4-transgenic than nontransgenic lambs at 0, 1, and 4 hours after lipopolysaccharide stimulation. Furthermore, interferon-γ and tumor necrosis factor α secreted by monocytes and/or macrophages of TLR4-transgenic lambs were significantly higher at 1 hour. Therefore, lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory responses from monocytes and/or macrophages occurred sooner in TLR4-transgenic lambs, consistent with an enhanced host immune response. In conclusion, transgenic sheep overexpressing TLR4 are a primary model to investigate the role of transgenic animals in disease resistance and have potential for breeding sheep with disease resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoulong Deng
- State Key Laboratory for AgroBiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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Enhancing livestock through genetic engineering—Recent advances and future prospects. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2009; 32:123-37. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2007.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/10/2007] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Oback B, Wells DN. Cloning cattle: the methods in the madness. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2007; 591:30-57. [PMID: 17176553 DOI: 10.1007/978-0-387-37754-4_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) is much more widely and efficiently practiced in cattle than in any other species, making this arguably the most important mammal cloned to date. While the initial objective behind cattle cloning was commercially driven--in particular to multiply genetically superior animals with desired phenotypic traits and to produce genetically modified animals-researchers have now started to use bovine SCNT as a tool to address diverse questions in developmental and cell biology. In this paper, we review current cattle cloning methodologies and their potential technical or biological pitfalls at any step of the procedure. In doing so, we focus on one methodological parameter, namely donor cell selection. We emphasize the impact of epigenetic and genetic differences between embryonic, germ, and somatic donor cell types on cloning efficiency. Lastly, we discuss adult phenotypes and fitness of cloned cattle and their offspring and illustrate some of the more imminent commercial cattle cloning applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Björn Oback
- Björn Oback-Reproductive Technologies, AgResearch Ltd., Ruakura Research Centre, East Street, Private Bag 3123, Hamilton, New Zealand.
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Sang H. 6. Genetically modified livestock and poultry and their potential effects on human health and nutrition. Trends Food Sci Technol 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0924-2244(03)00069-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Evans BR. The prospect for international regulatory interventions in embryo transfer and reproductive technologies in the next century. Theriogenology 1999; 51:71-80. [PMID: 10729063 DOI: 10.1016/s0093-691x(98)00232-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Historically, international regulatory interventions in the area of animal reproductive technologies have focused on the need for mitigation against the dissemination of diseases with the movement of genetics and germplasm across international borders. The continued globalization of agriculture under the Sanitary/Phytosanitary (SPS) Agreement of the World Trade Organization (WTO) ensures that disease considerations arising from third and fourth generation reproductive technologies such as in vitro fertilized embryos, transgenics and xenotransplantation will continue to give rise to animal health regulatory measures. Furthermore, in the aftermath of the raising of the public consciousness and the ensuing consumer confidence crisis concerning animal husbandry and livestock production practices following the Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy outbreak, evolving societal values are expected to expand regulatory considerations to address veterinary public health and ethical concerns. Consequently, it is expected that the role of the International Embryo Transfer Society in fostering meaningful dialogue and profiling of the research necessary to provide for appropriate science based regulation development will increase in importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- B R Evans
- Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Nepean, Ontario, Canada
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