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Zhu X, Ying X, Liu Y, Wang Y, Chen L, Shao Z, Jin X, Jiang Y, Wang Z. Stability and variability of molecular subtypes: comparative analysis of primary and metastatic triple-negative breast cancer. Cancer Biol Med 2024; 21:j.issn.2095-3941.2024.0009. [PMID: 38752685 DOI: 10.20892/j.issn.2095-3941.2024.0009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/21/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a heterogeneous and aggressive cancer. Although our previous study classified primary TNBC into four subtypes, comprehensive longitudinal investigations are lacking. METHODS We assembled a large-scale, real-world cohort comprised of 880 TNBC patients [465 early-stage TNBC (eTNBC) and 415 metastatic TNBC (mTNBC) patients] who were treated at Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center. The longitudinal dynamics of TNBC subtypes during disease progression were elucidated in this patient cohort. Comprehensive analysis was performed to compare primary and metastatic lesions within specific TNBC subtypes. RESULTS The recurrence and metastasis rates within 3 years after initial diagnosis in the eTNBC cohort were 10.1% (47/465). The median overall survival (OS) in the mTNBC cohort was 27.2 months [95% confidence interval (CI), 24.4-30.2 months], which indicated a poor prognosis. The prognostic significance of the original molecular subtypes in both eTNBC and mTNBC patients was confirmed. Consistent molecular subtypes were maintained in 77.5% of the patients throughout disease progression with the mesenchymal-like (MES) subtype demonstrating a tendency for subtype transition and brain metastasis. Additionally, a precision treatment strategy based on the metastatic MES subtype of target lesions resulted in improved progression-free survival in the FUTURE trial. CONCLUSIONS Our longitudinal study comprehensively revealed the clinical characteristics and survival of patients with the original TNBC subtypes and validated the consistency of most molecular subtypes throughout disease progression. However, we emphasize the major importance of repeat pathologic confirmation of the MES subtype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuzhi Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200000, China
- Department of Breast Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200000, China
| | - Xiaohan Ying
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200000, China
- Department of Breast Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200000, China
| | - Yin Liu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200000, China
| | - Yunyi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200000, China
- Department of Breast Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200000, China
| | - Li Chen
- Department of Breast Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200000, China
| | - Zhiming Shao
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200000, China
- Department of Breast Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200000, China
| | - Xi Jin
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200000, China
- Department of Breast Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200000, China
| | - Yizhou Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200000, China
- Department of Breast Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200000, China
| | - Zhonghua Wang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200000, China
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Chaurasia M, Singh R, Sur S, Flora SJS. A review of FDA approved drugs and their formulations for the treatment of breast cancer. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1184472. [PMID: 37576816 PMCID: PMC10416257 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1184472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is one of the most diagnosed solid cancers globally. Extensive research has been going on for decades to meet the challenges of treating solid tumors with selective compounds. This article aims to summarize the therapeutic agents which are either being used or are currently under approval for use in the treatment or mitigation of breast cancer by the US FDA, to date. A structured search of bibliographic databases for previously published peer-reviewed research papers on registered molecules was explored and data was sorted in terms of various categories of drugs used in first line/adjuvant therapy for different stages of breast cancer. We included more than 300 peer-reviewed papers, including both research and reviews articles, in order to provide readers an useful comprehensive information. A list of 39 drugs are discussed along with their current status, dose protocols, mechanism of action, pharmacokinetics, possible side effects, and marketed formulations. Another interesting aspect of the article included focusing on novel formulations of these drugs which are currently in clinical trials or in the process of approval. This exhaustive review thus shall be a one-stop solution for researchers who are working in the areas of formulation development for these drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - S. J. S. Flora
- Era College of Pharmacy, Era University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Zardavas D, Pondé N, Tryfonidis K. CDK4/6 blockade in breast cancer: current experience and future perspectives. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2017; 26:1357-1372. [PMID: 29027483 DOI: 10.1080/13543784.2017.1389896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Dysregulated cellular proliferation, one of the hallmarks of cancer, is mediated by aberrant activation of the cell cycle machinery through the biological effects of cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs). The clinical development of non-selective CDK inhibitors failed due to combined lack of efficacy and excessive toxicity reported by clinical trials across different cancer types. The clinical development of second generation, CDK4/6-selective inhibitors, namely palbociclib, abemaciclib and ribociclib, led to practice-changing results in the setting of breast cancer. Areas covered: This review illustrates how CDK4/6-selective inhibitors got approval for the treatment of patients with either newly diagnosed or pretreated advanced hormone receptor positive, HER2-negative breast cancer. Furthermore, data about potential predictive biomarkers, as well as preclinical and preliminary clinical evidence for potential antitumor activity of CDK4/6 inhibition in other breast cancer subtypes is provided. Expert opinion: Future clinical development of CDK4/6 inhibitors in breast cancer will focus on the following aspects: i) optimization of treatment sequencing for patients with advanced disease, ii) early-stage disease, iii) other subtypes of breast cancer in rationally chosen therapeutic combinations and iv) the identification of predictive biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios Zardavas
- a Medical Department , Breast International Group (BIG) , Brussels , Belgium
| | - Noam Pondé
- b Institut Jules Bordet , Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB) , Brussels , Belgium
| | - Konstantinos Tryfonidis
- c Medical Department , European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) , Brussels , Belgium
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