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Giacco A, Petito G, Silvestri E, Scopigno N, Vigliotti M, Mercurio G, de Lange P, Lombardi A, Moreno M, Goglia F, Lanni A, Senese R, Cioffi F. Comparative effects of 3,5-diiodo-L-thyronine and 3,5,3'-triiodo-L-thyronine on mitochondrial damage and cGAS/STING-driven inflammation in liver of hypothyroid rats. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1432819. [PMID: 39301315 PMCID: PMC11410700 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1432819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 08/07/2024] [Indexed: 09/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Maintaining a well-functioning mitochondrial network through the mitochondria quality control (MQC) mechanisms, including biogenesis, dynamics and mitophagy, is crucial for overall health. Mitochondrial dysfunction caused by oxidative stress and further exacerbated by impaired quality control can trigger inflammation through the release of the damage-associated molecular patterns (mtDAMPs). mtDAMPs act by stimulating the cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS) stimulator of interferon genes (STING) pathway. Recently, aberrant signalling of the cGAS-STING axis has been recognised to be closely associated with several sterile inflammatory diseases (e.g. non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, obesity). This may fit the pathophysiology of hypothyroidism, an endocrine disorder characterised by the reduction of thyroid hormone production associated with impaired metabolic fluxes, oxidative balance and inflammatory status. Both 3,5,3'-triiodo-L-tyronine (T3) and its derivative 3,5-diiodo-L-thyronine (3,5-T2), are known to mitigate processes targeting mitochondria, albeit the underlying mechanisms are not yet fully understood. Therefore, we used a chemically induced hypothyroidism rat model to investigate the effect of 3,5-T2 or T3 administration on inflammation-related factors (inflammatory cytokines, hepatic cGAS-STING pathway), oxidative stress, antioxidant defence enzymes, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) damage, release and repair, and the MQC system in the liver. Hypothyroid rats showed: i) increased oxidative stress, ii) accumulation of mtDNA damage, iii) high levels of circulating cytokines, iv) hepatic activation of cGAS-STING pathways and v) impairment of MQC mechanisms and autophagy. Both iodothyronines restored oxidative balance by enhancing antioxidant defence, preventing mtDNA damage through the activation of mtDNA repair mechanisms (OGG1, APE1, and POLγ) and promoting autophagy progression. Concerning MQC, both iodothyronines stimulated mitophagy and dynamics, with 3,5-T2 activating fusion and T3 modulating both fusion and fission processes. Moreover, only T3 enhanced mitochondrial biogenesis. Notably, 3,5-T2, but not T3, reversed the hypothyroidism-induced activation of the cGAS-STING inflammatory cascade. In addition, it is noteworthy that 3,5-T2 seems more effective than T3 in reducing circulating pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and IL-1B and in stimulating the release of IL-10, a known anti-inflammatory cytokine. These findings reveal novel molecular mechanisms of hepatic signalling pathways involved in hypothyroidism, which could be targeted by natural iodothyronines, particularly 3,5-T2, paving the way for the development of new treatment strategies for inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonia Giacco
- Department of Science and Technologies, University of Sannio, Benevento, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Petito
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli", Caserta, Italy
| | - Elena Silvestri
- Department of Science and Technologies, University of Sannio, Benevento, Italy
| | - Nicla Scopigno
- Department of Science and Technologies, University of Sannio, Benevento, Italy
| | - Michela Vigliotti
- Department of Science and Technologies, University of Sannio, Benevento, Italy
| | - Giovanna Mercurio
- Department of Science and Technologies, University of Sannio, Benevento, Italy
| | - Pieter de Lange
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli", Caserta, Italy
| | - Assunta Lombardi
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Napoli, Italy
| | - Maria Moreno
- Department of Science and Technologies, University of Sannio, Benevento, Italy
| | - Fernando Goglia
- Department of Science and Technologies, University of Sannio, Benevento, Italy
| | - Antonia Lanni
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli", Caserta, Italy
| | - Rosalba Senese
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli", Caserta, Italy
| | - Federica Cioffi
- Department of Science and Technologies, University of Sannio, Benevento, Italy
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Kawara RS, Moawed FS, Elsenosi Y, Elmaksoud HA, Ahmed ESA, Abo-Zaid OA. Melissa officinalis extract palliates redox imbalance and inflammation associated with hyperthyroidism-induced liver damage by regulating Nrf-2/ Keap-1 gene expression in γ-irradiated rats. BMC Complement Med Ther 2024; 24:71. [PMID: 38303002 PMCID: PMC10832092 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-024-04370-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Melissa officinalis (MO) is a well-known medicinal plant species used in the treatment of several diseases; it is widely used as a vegetable, adding flavour to dishes. This study was designed to evaluate the therapeutic effect of MO Extract against hyperthyroidism induced by Eltroxin and γ-radiation. METHODS Hyperthyroidism was induced by injecting rats with Eltroxin (100 µg/kg/ day) for 14 days and exposure to γ-radiation (IR) (5 Gy single dose). The hyperthyroid rats were orally treated with MO extract (75 mg/kg/day) at the beginning of the second week of the Eltroxin injection and continued for another week. The levels of thyroid hormones, liver enzymes and proteins besides the impaired hepatic redox status and antioxidant parameters were measured using commercial kits. The hepatic gene expression of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and its inhibitor Kelch-like ECH-associated protein-1(Keap-1) in addition to hepatic inflammatory mediators including tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF- α), Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) and fibrogenic markers such as transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-β1) were determined. RESULTS MO Extract reversed the effect of Eltroxin + IR on rats and attenuated the thyroid hormones. Moreover, it alleviated hyperthyroidism-induced hepatic damage by inhibiting the hepatic enzymes' activities as well as enhancing the production of proteins concomitant with improving cellular redox homeostasis by attenuating the deranged redox balance and modulating the Nrf2/Keap-1 pathway. Additionally, MO Extract alleviated the inflammatory response by suppressing the TNF- α and MCP-1 and prevented hepatic fibrosis via Nrf2-mediated inhibition of the TGF-β1/Smad pathway. CONCLUSION Accordingly, these results might strengthen the hepatoprotective effect of MO Extract in a rat model of hyperthyroidism by regulating the Nrf-2/ Keap-1 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ragaa Sm Kawara
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Vet. Med, Benha University, Banha, Egypt
| | - Fatma Sm Moawed
- Health radiation research, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology, Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Nasr City, 11787, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Yakout Elsenosi
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Vet. Med, Benha University, Banha, Egypt
| | - Hussein Abd Elmaksoud
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Vet. Med, Benha University, Banha, Egypt
| | - Esraa S A Ahmed
- Radiation Biology Research, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology, Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Nasr City, 11787, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Omayma Ar Abo-Zaid
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Vet. Med, Benha University, Banha, Egypt
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Ashry M, Askar H, Obiedallah MM, Elankily AH, Galal El-Sahra D, Zayed G, Mustafa MA, El-Shamy SAEM, Negm SA, El-Beltagy MA, Abdel-Wahhab KG, Ene A. Hormonal and inflammatory modulatory effects of hesperidin in hyperthyroidism-modeled rats. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1087397. [PMID: 37020549 PMCID: PMC10067561 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1087397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The goal of the current study was to investigate the hormonal modulatory efficiency of hesperidin, through its regulatory potential of immunological, inflammatory, and/or antioxidant changes in on hyperthyroidism modeled adult female albino rats. Both normal and hyperthyroidism modeled rats (140-160g) were randomly divided into four groups (10 animals each) as follows: 1) healthy animals were daily ingested with saline for six weeks, and served as control group, 2) healthy animals were intraperitoneally injected with hesperidin (50 mg/kg/day) for a similar period, 3) hyperthyroidism-modeled animals without any treatment acted as positive control, and 4) hyperthyroidism-modeled animals were treated intraperitoneally with hesperidin for a similar period. The findings showed that hesperidin significantly modulated hyperthyroidism deteriorations, this was evidenced by a remarkable decline in serum T4, FT4, T3, FT3, TNF-α, IL1β-, IL4-, IL-6, and IL-10 levels, with a minor increase in TSH and significant raise in CD4+ level. Similarly, valuable improvement was observed in the oxidative status; serum SOD, GPx, CAT, and GSH levels were dramatically enhanced, associated with remarkable drop in MDA and NO levels. Also, hesperidin demonstrated nephro-hepatoprotective and anti-atherogenic potential, this was achieved from the notable reduction in ALAT and ASAT activities as well as urea, creatinine, cholesterol, and triglyceride close to the corresponding values of healthy group. These findings were supported by histological and immunohistochemical ones that showed a notable decrease in the expression of the calcitonin antibody. In conclusion, hesperidin possesses anti-hyperthyroidism, immunoinflammatory regulatory, and antioxidant activities that evidenced from the improvement of physio-architecture of the thyroid gland, reduction of inflammation and restoration of the impaired oxidative stress. This effect might be mechanized through immunological, inflammatory, apoptotic, and/or antioxidant modulatory pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Ashry
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Assiut, Egypt
- *Correspondence: Mahmoud Ashry, ; Manar M. Obiedallah, ; Antoaneta Ene,
| | - Hussam Askar
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Manar M. Obiedallah
- Institute of Chemical Technology, Ural Federal University, Ekaterinburg, Russia
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
- *Correspondence: Mahmoud Ashry, ; Manar M. Obiedallah, ; Antoaneta Ene,
| | | | - Doaa Galal El-Sahra
- Medical Surgical Nursing Department, Faculty of Nursing, Modern University for Technology and Information, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Gamal Zayed
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut, Egypt
- Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, New Assiut Technological University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A. Mustafa
- Basic Centre of Science, Misr University for Science and Technology, Giza, Egypt
| | | | - Somaia A. Negm
- Faculty of Applied Health Science Technology, Misr University for Science and Technology, Giza, Egypt
| | - Marwa A. El-Beltagy
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | | | - Antoaneta Ene
- INPOLDE Research Center, Department of Chemistry, Physics and Environment, Faculty of Sciences and Environment, Dunarea de Jos University of Galati, Galati, Romania
- *Correspondence: Mahmoud Ashry, ; Manar M. Obiedallah, ; Antoaneta Ene,
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Gheorghiu ML, Badiu C. Selenium involvement in mitochondrial function in thyroid disorders. Hormones (Athens) 2020; 19:25-30. [PMID: 31960358 DOI: 10.1007/s42000-020-00173-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Selenium (Se), an important oligoelement, is a component of the antioxidant system. Over the last decade, it has been ever more frequently discussed in the context of thyroid disorders. Graves' disease and Hashimoto's thyroiditis, differentiated thyroid cancer, and even endemic goiter may have common triggers that are activated by excess reactive oxygen species (ROS), which are involved in various stages of the pathogenesis of thyroid disorders. Most oxidative events occur in mitochondria, organelles that contain enzymes with Se as a cofactor. Mitochondria are responsible for the production of ATP in the cell and are also a major site of ROS production. Thyroid hormone status (the thyroid being the organ with the highest concentration of Se in the body) has a profound impact on mitochondria biogenesis. In this review, we focus on the role of Se in mitochondrial function in thyroid disorders with impaired oxidative stress, since both thyroid hormone synthesis and thyroid dysfunction involve ROS. The role of Se deficiency or its excess in relation to mitochondrial dysfunction in the context of thyroid disorders is therefore of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Livia Gheorghiu
- Department of Endocrinology, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Endemic Goiter and Its Complications, "C.I. Parhon" National Institute of Endocrinology, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Corin Badiu
- Department of Endocrinology, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania.
- Department of Thyroid Related Disorders, "C.I. Parhon" National Institute of Endocrinology, Bucharest, Romania.
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