Screening practices for obstructive sleep apnea in healthy community people: a Chinese community-based study

Community-based intervention for obstructive sleep apnea in the general population: a randomized controlled trial

STUDY OBJECTIVES

To investigate the engagement and health outcomes of community-based intervention for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in the general population.

METHODS

We conducted a 3-month randomized controlled trial in two communities in southern China. We initially screened the general population for high-risk OSA and further diagnosis using home sleep testing. Eligible participants were randomly (1:1) assigned to either a control or continuous positive airway pressure-based integrated intervention group. The primary outcomes were multimodal indicators reflecting health outcomes, including health-related quality of life (Short Form-36 [SF-36]), sleep-related symptoms, and cardiometabolic risk.

RESULTS

Of the 2484 participants screened, 1423 identified as having high-risk OSA were considered for telephone invitations to participate in the trial. Of these, 401 participants responded positively (28.2%), 279 were diagnosed with OSA, and 212 were randomized. The intervention significantly improved several domains of SF-36, including physical functioning (intergroup difference, 2.8; p = .003), vitality (2.3; p = .031), and reported health transition (6.8; p = .005). Sleep-related symptoms, including Epworth Sleepiness Scale (-0.7; p = .017), Fatigue Severity Scale (-3.0; p = .022), Insomnia Severity Index (-1.8; p < .001), and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (-0.7; p = .032), also showed significant improvements. Although the intervention did not significantly alter glycolipid metabolism, ventricular function, or cardiac structural remodeling, it achieved a significant reduction in systolic (-4.5 mmHg; p = .004) and diastolic blood pressure (BP; -3.7 mmHg; p < .001).

CONCLUSIONS

Community-based intervention for previously undiagnosed OSA in the general population yielded improvements in health-related quality of life, sleep-related symptoms, and BP. However, engagement in the intervention program was low.

CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION

"Community Intervention Trial for OSA";URL: https://www.chictr.org.cn/showprojEN.html?proj=144927;Trial identification number: ChiCTR2100054800.

Screening of preoperative obstructive sleep apnea by cardiopulmonary coupling and its risk factors in patients with plans to receive surgery under general anesthesia: a cross-sectional study

Objective

Preoperative obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is supposed to be the abnormally high occurrence of OSA the night before surgery under general anesthesia. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence preoperative OSA using cardiopulmonary coupling (CPC) and its correlation with imbalance of sympathetic/parasympathetic nervous system.

Methods

A total of 550 patients with plans to receive surgery under general anesthesia were enrolled. All patients were assigned to wear CPC on the night before surgery until the next day. Sleep quality characteristics, heart rate variation parameters, and apnea-hypopnea index were acquired. The diagnosis of pre-existing OSA was not considered in the current study.

Results

According to apnea-hypopnea index, 28.4%, 32.2%, 26.2%, and 13.3% patients were assessed as no, mild, moderate, and severe operative OSA, respectively. Multivariate logistic regression model revealed that higher age [p < 0.001, odds ratio (OR) = 1.043] was independently and positively associated with preoperative OSA; heart rate variation parameters representing the imbalance of sympathetic/parasympathetic nervous system, such as higher low-frequency (p < 0.001, OR = 1.004), higher low-frequency/high-frequency ratio (p = 0.028, OR = 1.738), lower NN20 count divided by the total number of all NN intervals (pNN20; p < 0.001, OR = 0.950), and lower high-frequency (p < 0.001, OR = 0.998), showed independent relationships with a higher probability of preoperative OSA. Higher age (p = 0.005, OR = 1.024), higher very-low-frequency (p < 0.001, OR = 1.001), and higher low-frequency/high-frequency ratio (p = 0.003, OR = 1.655) were associated with a higher probability of moderate-to-severe preoperative OSA, but higher pNN10 (p < 0.001, OR = 0.951) was associated with a lower probability of moderate-to-severe preoperative OSA.

Conclusion

Preoperative OSA is prevalent. Higher age and imbalance of sympathetic/parasympathetic nervous system are independently and positively associated with a higher occurrence of preoperative OSA. CPC screening may promote the management of preoperative OSA.

Advancements in Wearable EEG Technology for Improved Home-Based Sleep Monitoring and Assessment: A Review

Sleep is a fundamental aspect of daily life, profoundly impacting mental and emotional well-being. Optimal sleep quality is vital for overall health and quality of life, yet many individuals struggle with sleep-related difficulties. In the past, polysomnography (PSG) has served as the gold standard for assessing sleep, but its bulky nature, cost, and the need for expertise has made it cumbersome for widespread use. By recognizing the need for a more accessible and user-friendly approach, wearable home monitoring systems have emerged. EEG technology plays a pivotal role in sleep monitoring, as it captures crucial brain activity data during sleep and serves as a primary indicator of sleep stages and disorders. This review provides an overview of the most recent advancements in wearable sleep monitoring leveraging EEG technology. We summarize the latest EEG devices and systems available in the scientific literature, highlighting their design, form factors, materials, and methods of sleep assessment. By exploring these developments, we aim to offer insights into cutting-edge technologies, shedding light on wearable EEG sensors for advanced at-home sleep monitoring and assessment. This comprehensive review contributes to a broader perspective on enhancing sleep quality and overall health using wearable EEG sensors.