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Ma Q, Li H, Song Z, Deng Z, Huang W, Liu Q. Fueling the fight against cancer: Exploring the impact of branched-chain amino acid catalyzation on cancer and cancer immune microenvironment. Metabolism 2024; 161:156016. [PMID: 39222743 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2024.156016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2024] [Revised: 08/28/2024] [Accepted: 08/30/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Metabolism of Branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) is essential for the nutrient necessities in mammals. Catalytic enzymes serve to direct the whole-body BCAAs oxidation which involve in the development of various metabolic disorders. The reprogrammed metabolic elements are also responsible for malignant oncogenic processes, and favor the formation of distinctive immunosuppressive microenvironment surrounding different cancers. The impotent immune surveillance related to BCAAs dysfunction is a novel topic to investigate. Here we focus on the BCAA catalysts that contribute to metabolic changes and dysregulated immune reactions in cancer progression. We summarize the current knowledge of BCAA catalyzation, highlighting the interesting roles of BCAA metabolism in the treatment of cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianquan Ma
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking University Third Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Haoyu Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; National Clinical Research Center of Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; Clinical Research Center For Skull Base Surgery and Neurooncology In Hunan Province
| | - Zhihao Song
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; National Clinical Research Center of Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; Clinical Research Center For Skull Base Surgery and Neurooncology In Hunan Province
| | - Zhili Deng
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Aging Biology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; National Clinical Research Center of Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; Research Center of Carcinogenesis and Targeted Therapy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; Clinical Research Center For Skull Base Surgery and Neurooncology In Hunan Province.
| | - Qing Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; National Clinical Research Center of Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; Clinical Research Center For Skull Base Surgery and Neurooncology In Hunan Province.
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Li X, Shang S, Wu M, Song Q, Chen D. Gut microbial metabolites in lung cancer development and immunotherapy: Novel insights into gut-lung axis. Cancer Lett 2024; 598:217096. [PMID: 38969161 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2024.217096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/07/2024]
Abstract
Metabolic derivatives of numerous microorganisms inhabiting the human gut can participate in regulating physiological activities and immune status of the lungs through the gut-lung axis. The current well-established microbial metabolites include short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), tryptophan and its derivatives, polyamines (PAs), secondary bile acids (SBAs), etc. As the study continues to deepen, the critical function of microbial metabolites in the occurrence and treatment of lung cancer has gradually been revealed. Microbial derivates can enter the circulation system to modulate the immune microenvironment of lung cancer. Mechanistically, oncometabolites damage host DNA and promote the occurrence of lung cancer, while tumor-suppresive metabolites directly affect the immune system to combat the malignant properties of cancer cells and even show considerable application potential in improving the efficacy of lung cancer immunotherapy. Considering the crosstalk along the gut-lung axis, in-depth exploration of microbial metabolites in patients' feces or serum will provide novel guidance for lung cancer diagnosis and treatment selection strategies. In addition, targeted therapeutics on microbial metabolites are expected to overcome the bottleneck of lung cancer immunotherapy and alleviate adverse reactions, including fecal microbiota transplantation, microecological preparations, metabolite synthesis and drugs targeting metabolic pathways. In summary, this review provides novel insights and explanations on the intricate interplay between gut microbial metabolites and lung cancer development, and immunotherapy through the lens of the gut-lung axis, which further confirms the possible translational potential of the microbiome metabolome in lung cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinpei Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Shijie Shang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China; Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Meng Wu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Qian Song
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China.
| | - Dawei Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China.
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Snyder M, Wang Z, Lara B, Fimbres J, Pichardo T, Mazzilli S, Khan MM, Duggineni VK, Monti S, Sherr DH. The Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Controls IFNγ-Induced Immune Checkpoints PD-L1 and IDO via the JAK/STAT Pathway in Lung Adenocarcinoma. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.08.12.607602. [PMID: 39185148 PMCID: PMC11343147 DOI: 10.1101/2024.08.12.607602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/27/2024]
Abstract
While immunotherapy has shown efficacy in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) patients, many respond only partially or not at all. One limitation in improving outcomes is the lack of a complete understanding of immune checkpoint regulation. Here, we investigated a possible link between an environmental chemical receptor implicated in lung cancer and immune regulation, (the aryl hydrocarbon receptor/AhR), a known but counterintuitive mediator of immunosuppression (IFNγ), and regulation of two immune checkpoints (PD-L1 and IDO). AhR gene-edited LUAD cell lines, a syngeneic LUAD mouse model, bulk- and scRNA sequencing of LUADs and tumor-infiltrating leukocytes were used to map out a signaling pathway leading from IFNγ through the AhR to JAK/STAT, PD-L1, IDO, and tumor-mediated immunosuppression. The data demonstrate that: 1) IFNγ activation of the JAK/STAT pathway leading to PD-L1 and IDO1 upregulation is mediated by the AhR in murine and human LUAD cells, 2) AhR-driven IDO1 induction results in the production of Kynurenine (Kyn), an AhR ligand, which likely mediates an AhR→IDO1→Kyn→AhR amplification loop, 3) transplantation of AhR-knockout LUAD cells results in long-term tumor immunity in most recipients. 4) The 23% of AhR-knockout tumors that do grow do so at a much slower pace than controls and exhibit higher densities of CD8+ T cells expressing markers of immunocompetence, increased activity, and increased cell-cell communication. The data definitively link the AhR to IFNγ-induced JAK/STAT pathway and immune checkpoint-mediated immunosuppression and support the targeting of the AhR in the context of LUAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan Snyder
- Graduate Program in Genetics and Genomics, Boston University School of Medicine
| | - Zhongyan Wang
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health
| | - Brian Lara
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health
| | - Jocelyn Fimbres
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health
| | | | | | - Mohammed Muzamil Khan
- Section of Computational Biomedicine, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine
| | - Vinay K. Duggineni
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health
| | - Stefano Monti
- Section of Computational Biomedicine, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine
| | - David H. Sherr
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health
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Li Y, Chen K, Chen B, Zeng R, He Y, Wang C, Zhong M, Liu X, Chen X, Xiao L, Zhou H. Increased coexpression of PD-L1 and IDO1 is associated with poor overall survival in patients with NK/T-cell lymphoma. Leukemia 2024; 38:1553-1563. [PMID: 38783159 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-024-02266-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Revised: 04/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Immunotherapy with programmed cell death 1 ligand 1 (PD-L1) blockade was effective in patients with NK/T-cell lymphoma. In addition to PD-L1, indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase-1 (IDO1) is one of the most promising immunotherapeutic targets. High proportions of PD-L1 and IDO1 proteins were observed by immunohistochemistry (IHC) from 230 newly diagnosed patients with NK/T lymphoma with tissue samples from three cancer centers and were associated with poor overall survival (OS) in patients with NK/T lymphoma. Importantly, the coexpression of PD-L1 and IDO1 was related to poor OS and short restricted mean survival time in patients with NK/T lymphoma and was an independent prognostic factor in the training cohorts, and which was also validated in 58 NK/T lymphoma patients (GSE90597). Moreover, a nomogram model constructed with PD-L1 and IDO1 expression together with age could provide concise and precise predictions of OS rates and median survival time. The high-risk group in the nomogram model had a positive correlation with CD4 + T-cell infiltration in the validation cohort, as did the immunosuppressive factor level. Therefore, high PD-L1 and IDO1 expression was associated with poor OS in patients with NK/T lymphoma. PD-L1 and IDO1 might be potential targets for future immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy for NK/T lymphoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajun Li
- Department of Lymphoma and Hematology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University/Hunan Cancer Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, China
| | - Kailin Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University/Hunan Cancer Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, China
| | - Bihua Chen
- Department of Lymphoma and Hematology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University/Hunan Cancer Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, China
| | - Ruolan Zeng
- Department of Lymphoma and Hematology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University/Hunan Cancer Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, China
| | - Yizi He
- Department of Lymphoma and Hematology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University/Hunan Cancer Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, China
| | - Caiqin Wang
- Department of Lymphoma and Hematology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University/Hunan Cancer Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, China
| | - Meizuo Zhong
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, China
| | - Xianling Liu
- Department of Oncology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, China
| | - Xiaoyan Chen
- Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University/Hunan Cancer Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, China
| | - Ling Xiao
- Department of Histology and Embryology of School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, China.
| | - Hui Zhou
- Department of Lymphoma and Hematology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University/Hunan Cancer Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, China.
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Gao J, Zhang P, Nie X, Tang M, Yuan Y, He L, Wang X, Ma J, Li L. Proteomic and metabolomic profiling of plasma predicts immune-related adverse events in older patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer. iScience 2024; 27:109946. [PMID: 38827402 PMCID: PMC11141140 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024] Open
Abstract
The clinical success of immune checkpoint inhibitors is compromised by the fact of immune-related adverse events (irAEs), especially for older patients. To identify predictive biomarkers for older patients with irAEs, we used multiplex immunoassay and flow cytometry and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry to test immune factors and plasma protein and metabolites levels in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. The results showed that older patients with irAEs displayed lower CD28, CD4+ T cell, and B cell and higher interleukin (IL)-10 and CCL2 levels at baseline. Besides, lower aldolase, fructose-bisphosphate B (ALDOB), higher ST6GAL1, and lower lactate/pyruvate ratio at baseline were found in older patients with irAEs. Based on metabolomic markers, predictive models were developed to distinguish patients with grade 2-4 irAEs from grade 0-1 (Area under curve, AUC = 0.831) and to distinguish patients with grade 3-4 irAEs from grade 2 (AUC = 1). Our results confirmed the predictive value of plasma metabolites for irAEs in older patients with NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayi Gao
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology; Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, P.R. China
- Graduate School Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Ping Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology; Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, P.R. China
| | - Xin Nie
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology; Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, P.R. China
| | - Min Tang
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology; Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, P.R. China
| | - Yue Yuan
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology; Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, P.R. China
| | - Liuer He
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology; Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, P.R. China
| | - Xue Wang
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology; Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, P.R. China
| | - Junling Ma
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology; Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, P.R. China
| | - Lin Li
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology; Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, P.R. China
- Graduate School Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
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Li Z, Xiong W, Liang Z, Wang J, Zeng Z, Kołat D, Li X, Zhou D, Xu X, Zhao L. Critical role of the gut microbiota in immune responses and cancer immunotherapy. J Hematol Oncol 2024; 17:33. [PMID: 38745196 PMCID: PMC11094969 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-024-01541-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota plays a critical role in the progression of human diseases, especially cancer. In recent decades, there has been accumulating evidence of the connections between the gut microbiota and cancer immunotherapy. Therefore, understanding the functional role of the gut microbiota in regulating immune responses to cancer immunotherapy is crucial for developing precision medicine. In this review, we extract insights from state-of-the-art research to decipher the complicated crosstalk among the gut microbiota, the systemic immune system, and immunotherapy in the context of cancer. Additionally, as the gut microbiota can account for immune-related adverse events, we discuss potential interventions to minimize these adverse effects and discuss the clinical application of five microbiota-targeted strategies that precisely increase the efficacy of cancer immunotherapy. Finally, as the gut microbiota holds promising potential as a target for precision cancer immunotherapeutics, we summarize current challenges and provide a general outlook on future directions in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zehua Li
- Department of Plastic and Burn Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS), CAMS Oxford Institute (COI), Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, England
| | - Weixi Xiong
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Institute of Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Technology of West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhu Liang
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS), CAMS Oxford Institute (COI), Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, England
- Target Discovery Institute, Center for Medicines Discovery, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, England
| | - Jinyu Wang
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ziyi Zeng
- Department of Neonatology, West China Second University Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Damian Kołat
- Department of Functional Genomics, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
- Department of Biomedicine and Experimental Surgery, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Xi Li
- Department of Urology, Churchill Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation, Oxford, UK
| | - Dong Zhou
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Institute of Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Technology of West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xuewen Xu
- Department of Plastic and Burn Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Linyong Zhao
- Department of General Surgery and Gastric Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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Li H, Zheng N, Guo A, Tang W, Li M, Cao Y, Ma X, Cao H, Ma Y, Wang H, Zhao S. FSTL3 promotes tumor immune evasion and attenuates response to anti-PD1 therapy by stabilizing c-Myc in colorectal cancer. Cell Death Dis 2024; 15:107. [PMID: 38302412 PMCID: PMC10834545 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-024-06469-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Programmed cell death 1 ligand 1 (PDL1)/programmed cell death 1 (PD1) blockade immunotherapy provides a prospective strategy for the treatment of colorectal cancer (CRC), but various constraints on the effectiveness of the treatment are still remaining. As reported in previous studies, follistatin-like 3 (FSTL3) could mediate inflammatory response in macrophages by induction lipid accumulation. Herein, we revealed that FSTL3 were overexpressed in malignant cells in the CRC microenvironment, notably, the expression level of FSTL3 was related to tumor immune evasion and the clinical efficacy of anti-PD1 therapy. Further studies determined that hypoxic tumor microenvironment induced the FSTL3 expression via HIF1α in CRC cells, FSTL3 could bind to the transcription factor c-Myc (354-406 amino acids) to suppress the latter's ubiquitination and increase its stability, thereby to up-regulated the expression of PDL1 and indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1). The results in the immunocompetent tumor models verified that FSLT3 knockout in tumor cells increased the proportion of CD8+ T cells in the tumor microenvironment, reduced the proportion of regulatory T cells (CD25+ Foxp3+) and exhausted T cells (PD1+ CD8+), and synergistically improved the anti-PD1 therapy efficacy. To sum up, FSTL3 enhanced c-Myc-mediated transcriptional regulation to promote immune evasion and attenuates response to anti-PD1 therapy in CRC, suggesting the potential of FSTL3 as a biomarker of immunotherapeutic efficacy as well as a novel immunotherapeutic target in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyang Li
- Department of general surgery, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Na Zheng
- General Clinical Research Center, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- General Clinical Research Center, Nanjing First Hospital, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Anning Guo
- General Clinical Research Center, Nanjing First Hospital, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Weiwei Tang
- Hepatobiliary/Liver Transplantation Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Key Laboratory of Living Donor Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Muxin Li
- General Clinical Research Center, Nanjing First Hospital, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuanyuan Cao
- General Clinical Research Center, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xinhua Ma
- General Clinical Research Center, Nanjing First Hospital, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hongyong Cao
- Department of general surgery, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Yong Ma
- Department of general surgery, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Hanjin Wang
- Department of general surgery, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Shuli Zhao
- General Clinical Research Center, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
- General Clinical Research Center, Nanjing First Hospital, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
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Najjary S, de Koning W, Kros JM, Mustafa DAM. Unlocking molecular mechanisms and identifying druggable targets in matched-paired brain metastasis of breast and lung cancers. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1305644. [PMID: 38149244 PMCID: PMC10750385 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1305644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The incidence of brain metastases in cancer patients is increasing, with lung and breast cancer being the most common sources. Despite advancements in targeted therapies, the prognosis remains poor, highlighting the importance to investigate the underlying mechanisms in brain metastases. The aim of this study was to investigate the differences in the molecular mechanisms involved in brain metastasis of breast and lung cancers. In addition, we aimed to identify cancer lineage-specific druggable targets in the brain metastasis. Methods To that aim, a cohort of 44 FFPE tissue samples, including 22 breast cancer and 22 lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) and their matched-paired brain metastases were collected. Targeted gene expression profiles of primary tumors were compared to their matched-paired brain metastases samples using nCounter PanCancer IO 360™ Panel of NanoString technologies. Pathway analysis was performed using gene set analysis (GSA) and gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA). The validation was performed by using Immunohistochemistry (IHC) to confirm the expression of immune checkpoint inhibitors. Results Our results revealed the significant upregulation of cancer-related genes in primary tumors compared to their matched-paired brain metastases (adj. p ≤ 0.05). We found that upregulated differentially expressed genes in breast cancer brain metastasis (BM-BC) and brain metastasis from lung adenocarcinoma (BM-LUAD) were associated with the metabolic stress pathway, particularly related to the glycolysis. Additionally, we found that the upregulated genes in BM-BC and BM-LUAD played roles in immune response regulation, tumor growth, and proliferation. Importantly, we identified high expression of the immune checkpoint VTCN1 in BM-BC, and VISTA, IDO1, NT5E, and HDAC3 in BM-LUAD. Validation using immunohistochemistry further supported these findings. Conclusion In conclusion, the findings highlight the significance of using matched-paired samples to identify cancer lineage-specific therapies that may improve brain metastasis patients outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Dana A. M. Mustafa
- Department of Pathology and Clinical Bioinformatics, The Tumor Immuno-Pathology Laboratory, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
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Wang Y, Lu L, Ling C, Zhang P, Han R. Potential of Dietary HDAC2i in Breast Cancer Patients Receiving PD-1/PD-L1 Inhibitors. Nutrients 2023; 15:3984. [PMID: 37764768 PMCID: PMC10537481 DOI: 10.3390/nu15183984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is a lethal malignancy with high morbidity and mortality but lacks effective treatments thus far. Despite the introduction of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) (including PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors), durable and optimal clinical benefits still remain elusive for a considerable number of BC patients. To break through such a dilemma, novel ICI-based combination therapy has been explored for enhancing the therapeutic effect. Recent evidence has just pointed out that the HDAC2 inhibitor (HDAC2i), which has been proven to exhibit an anti-cancer effect, can act as a sensitizer for ICIs therapy. Simultaneously, dietary intervention, as a crucial supportive therapy, has been reported to provide ingredients containing HDAC2 inhibitory activity. Thus, the novel integration of dietary intervention with ICIs therapy may offer promising possibilities for improving treatment outcomes. In this study, we first conducted the differential expression and prognostic analyses of HDAC2 and BC patients using the GENT2 and Kaplan-Meier plotter platform. Then, we summarized the potential diet candidates for such an integrated therapeutic strategy. This article not only provides a whole new therapeutic strategy for an HDAC2i-containing diet combined with PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors for BC treatment, but also aims to ignite enthusiasm for exploring this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqian Wang
- Department of Chinese Medicine Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Lingeng Lu
- Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, 60 College Street, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
- School of Medicine, Center for Biomedical Data Science, Yale University, 60 College Street, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
- Yale Cancer Center, Yale University, 60 College Street, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Changquan Ling
- Department of Chinese Medicine Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Ping Zhang
- Center for Integrative Conservation, Yunnan Key Laboratory for the Conservation of Tropical Rainforests and Asian Elephants, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Xishuangbanna 666303, China
| | - Rui Han
- Department of Chinese Medicine Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
- Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, 60 College Street, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
- School of Medicine, Center for Biomedical Data Science, Yale University, 60 College Street, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
- Yale Cancer Center, Yale University, 60 College Street, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
- Department of Oncology, The First Hospital Affiliated to Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China
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Xu J, Liu C, Wu X, Ma J. Current immune therapeutic strategies in advanced or metastatic non-small cell lung cancer. Chin Med J (Engl) 2023; 136:1765-1782. [PMID: 37257112 PMCID: PMC10405997 DOI: 10.1097/cm9.0000000000002536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Immune escape mechanisms in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) can disrupt every step of the anti-cancer immune response. In recent years, an increased understanding of the specific mechanisms fueling immune escape has allowed for the development of numerous immunotherapeutic treatments that have been introduced into the clinical practice. The advent of immunotherapy has dramatically changed the current treatment landscape of advanced or metastatic NSCLC because of its durable efficacy and manageable toxicity. In this review, we will first present a brief overview of recent evidence on immune escape mechanisms in NSCLC. We will then discuss the current promising immunotherapeutic strategies in advanced or metastatic NSCLC tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Xu
- Center of Biotherapy, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Caixia Liu
- Center of Biotherapy, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Xiaonan Wu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Jie Ma
- Center of Biotherapy, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
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11
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Cao T, Zhou X, Wu X, Zou Y. Cutaneous immune-related adverse events to immune checkpoint inhibitors: from underlying immunological mechanisms to multi-omics prediction. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1207544. [PMID: 37497220 PMCID: PMC10368482 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1207544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) has dramatically altered the landscape of therapy for multiple malignancies, including urothelial carcinoma, non-small cell lung cancer, melanoma and gastric cancer. As part of their anti-tumor properties, ICIs can enhance susceptibility to inflammatory side effects known as immune-related adverse events (irAEs), in which the skin is one of the most commonly and rapidly affected organs. Although numerous questions still remain unanswered, multi-omics technologies have shed light into immunological mechanisms, as well as the correlation between ICI-induced activation of immune systems and the incidence of cirAE (cutaneous irAEs). Therefore, we reviewed integrated biological layers of omics studies combined with clinical data for the prediction biomarkers of cirAEs based on skin pathogenesis. Here, we provide an overview of a spectrum of dermatological irAEs, discuss the pathogenesis of this "off-tumor toxicity" during ICI treatment, and summarize recently investigated biomarkers that may have predictive value for cirAEs via multi-omics approach. Finally, we demonstrate the prognostic significance of cirAEs for immune checkpoint blockades.
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12
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Azimnasab-Sorkhabi P, Soltani-Asl M, Yoshinaga TT, Zaidan Dagli ML, Massoco CDO, Kfoury Junior JR. Indoleamine-2,3 dioxygenase: a fate-changer of the tumor microenvironment. Mol Biol Rep 2023:10.1007/s11033-023-08469-3. [PMID: 37217614 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-08469-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Indoleamine-2,3 dioxygenase is a rate-limiting enzyme in the tryptophan catabolism in kynurenine pathways that has an immunosuppressive effect and supports cancer cells to evade the immune system in different cancer types. Diverse cytokines and pathways upregulate the production of indoleamine-2,3 dioxygenase enzymes in the tumor microenvironment and cause more production and activity of this enzyme. Ultimately, this situation results in anti-tumor immune suppression which is in favor of tumor growth. Several inhibitors such as 1-methyl-tryptophan have been introduced for indoleamine-2,3 dioxygenase enzyme and some of them are widely utilized in pre-clinical and clinical trials. Importantly at the molecular level, indoleamine-2,3 dioxygenase is positioned in a series of intricate signaling and molecular networks. Here, the main objective is to provide a focused view of indoleamine-2,3 dioxygenase enhancer pathways and propose further studies to cover the gap in available information on the function of indoleamine-2,3 dioxygenase enzyme in the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parviz Azimnasab-Sorkhabi
- Department of Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Maryam Soltani-Asl
- Department of Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Túlio Teruo Yoshinaga
- Department of Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria Lucia Zaidan Dagli
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cristina de Oliveira Massoco
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jose Roberto Kfoury Junior
- Department of Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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13
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Ursino C, Mouric C, Gros L, Bonnefoy N, Faget J. Intrinsic features of the cancer cell as drivers of immune checkpoint blockade response and refractoriness. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1170321. [PMID: 37180110 PMCID: PMC10169604 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1170321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint blockade represents the latest revolution in cancer treatment by substantially increasing patients' lifetime and quality of life in multiple neoplastic pathologies. However, this new avenue of cancer management appeared extremely beneficial in a minority of cancer types and the sub-population of patients that would benefit from such therapies remain difficult to predict. In this review of the literature, we have summarized important knowledge linking cancer cell characteristics with the response to immunotherapy. Mostly focused on lung cancer, our objective was to illustrate how cancer cell diversity inside a well-defined pathology might explain sensitivity and refractoriness to immunotherapies. We first discuss how genomic instability, epigenetics and innate immune signaling could explain differences in the response to immune checkpoint blockers. Then, in a second part we detailed important notions suggesting that altered cancer cell metabolism, specific oncogenic signaling, tumor suppressor loss as well as tight control of the cGAS/STING pathway in the cancer cells can be associated with resistance to immune checkpoint blockade. At the end, we discussed recent evidences that could suggest that immune checkpoint blockade as first line therapy might shape the cancer cell clones diversity and give rise to the appearance of novel resistance mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Julien Faget
- Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier (IRCM), Inserm U1194, Univ Montpellier, Institut du Cancer de Montpellier (ICM), Montpellier, France
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14
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Najjary S, Kros JM, de Koning W, Vadgama D, Lila K, Wolf J, Mustafa DAM. Tumor lineage-specific immune response in brain metastatic disease: opportunities for targeted immunotherapy regimen? Acta Neuropathol Commun 2023; 11:64. [PMID: 37061716 PMCID: PMC10105417 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-023-01542-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Metastases in the brain are the most severe and devastating complication of cancer. The incidence of brain metastasis is increasing. Therefore, the need of finding specific druggable targets for brain metastasis is demanding. The aim of this study was to compare the brain (immune) response to brain metastases of the most common tumor lineages, viz., lung adenocarcinoma and breast cancer. Targeted gene expression profiles of 11 brain metastasis of lung adenocarcinoma (BM-LUAD) were compared to 11 brain metastasis of breast cancer (BCBM) using NanoString nCounter PanCancer IO 360™ Panel. The most promising results were validated spatially using the novel GeoMx™ Digital Spatial Profiler (DSP) Technology. Additionally, Immune cell profiles and expression of drug targets were validated by multiplex immunohistochemistry. We found a more active immune response in BM-LUAD as compared to BCBM. In the BM-LUAD, 138 genes were upregulated as compared to BCBM (adj. p ≤ 0.05). Conversely, in BCBM 28 genes were upregulated (adj. p ≤ 0.05). Additionally, genes related to CD45 + cells, T cells, and cytotoxic T cells showed to be expressed higher in BM-LUAD compared to BCBM (adj. p = 0.01, adj. p = 0.023, adj. p = 0.023, respectively). The spatial quantification of the immune cells using the GeoMx DSP technique revealed the significantly higher quantification of CD14 and CD163 in tumor regions of BM-LUAD as compared to BCBM. Importantly, the immune checkpoint VISTA and IDO1 were identified as highly expressed in the BM-LUAD. Multiplex immunohistochemistry confirmed the finding and showed that VISTA is expressed mainly in BM-LUAD tumor cells, CD3 + cells, and to fewer levels in some microglial cells in BM-LUAD. This is the first report on differences in the brain immune response between metastatic tumors of different lineages. We found a far more extensive infiltration of immune cells in BM-LUAD as compared to BCBM. In addition, we found higher expression of VISTA and IDO1 in BM-LUAD. Taken together, targeted immune therapy should be considered to treat patients with BM-LUAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiva Najjary
- Department of Pathology and Clinical Bioinformatics, The Tumor Immuno-Pathology Laboratory, Erasmus University Medical Center, Dr. Molewaterplein 40, 3015 GD, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Johan M Kros
- Department of Pathology and Clinical Bioinformatics, The Tumor Immuno-Pathology Laboratory, Erasmus University Medical Center, Dr. Molewaterplein 40, 3015 GD, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Willem de Koning
- Department of Pathology and Clinical Bioinformatics, The Tumor Immuno-Pathology Laboratory, Erasmus University Medical Center, Dr. Molewaterplein 40, 3015 GD, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Disha Vadgama
- Department of Pathology and Clinical Bioinformatics, The Tumor Immuno-Pathology Laboratory, Erasmus University Medical Center, Dr. Molewaterplein 40, 3015 GD, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Karishma Lila
- Department of Pathology and Clinical Bioinformatics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Janina Wolf
- Department of Pathology and Clinical Bioinformatics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Institute of Tissue Medicine and Pathology, University of Bern, Murtenstrasse 31, 3008, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Dana A M Mustafa
- Department of Pathology and Clinical Bioinformatics, The Tumor Immuno-Pathology Laboratory, Erasmus University Medical Center, Dr. Molewaterplein 40, 3015 GD, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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15
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Pichler R, Siska PJ, Tymoszuk P, Martowicz A, Untergasser G, Mayr R, Weber F, Seeber A, Kocher F, Barth DA, Pichler M, Thurnher M. A chemokine network of T cell exhaustion and metabolic reprogramming in renal cell carcinoma. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1095195. [PMID: 37006314 PMCID: PMC10060976 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1095195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is frequently infiltrated by immune cells, a process which is governed by chemokines. CD8+ T cells in the RCC tumor microenvironment (TME) may be exhausted which most likely influence therapy response and survival. The aim of this study was to evaluate chemokine-driven T cell recruitment, T cell exhaustion in the RCC TME, as well as metabolic processes leading to their functional anergy in RCC. Eight publicly available bulk RCC transcriptome collectives (n=1819) and a single cell RNAseq dataset (n=12) were analyzed. Immunodeconvolution, semi-supervised clustering, gene set variation analysis and Monte Carlo-based modeling of metabolic reaction activity were employed. Among 28 chemokine genes available, CXCL9/10/11/CXCR3, CXCL13/CXCR5 and XCL1/XCR1 mRNA expression were significantly increased in RCC compared to normal kidney tissue and also strongly associated with tumor-infiltrating effector memory and central memory CD8+ T cells in all investigated collectives. M1 TAMs, T cells, NK cells as well as tumor cells were identified as the major sources of these chemokines, whereas T cells, B cells and dendritic cells were found to predominantly express the cognate receptors. The cluster of RCCs characterized by high chemokine expression and high CD8+ T cell infiltration displayed a strong activation of IFN/JAK/STAT signaling with elevated expression of multiple T cell exhaustion-associated transcripts. Chemokinehigh RCCs were characterized by metabolic reprogramming, in particular by downregulated OXPHOS and increased IDO1-mediated tryptophan degradation. None of the investigated chemokine genes was significantly associated with survival or response to immunotherapy. We propose a chemokine network that mediates CD8+ T cell recruitment and identify T cell exhaustion, altered energy metabolism and high IDO1 activity as key mechanisms of their suppression. Concomitant targeting of exhaustion pathways and metabolism may pose an effective approach to RCC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renate Pichler
- Department of Urology, Comprehensive Cancer Center Innsbruck, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
- *Correspondence: Renate Pichler,
| | - Peter J. Siska
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | | | - Agnieszka Martowicz
- Department of Internal Medicine V (Hematology and Oncology), Comprehensive Cancer Center Innsbruck, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
- Tyrolean Cancer Research Institute (TKFI), Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Gerold Untergasser
- Department of Internal Medicine V (Hematology and Oncology), Comprehensive Cancer Center Innsbruck, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
- Tyrolean Cancer Research Institute (TKFI), Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Roman Mayr
- Department of Urology, Caritas St. Josef Medical Centre, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Florian Weber
- Department of Pathology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Seeber
- Department of Internal Medicine V (Hematology and Oncology), Comprehensive Cancer Center Innsbruck, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Florian Kocher
- Department of Internal Medicine V (Hematology and Oncology), Comprehensive Cancer Center Innsbruck, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Dominik A. Barth
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- Research Unit for Non-Coding RNAs and Genome Editing, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Martin Pichler
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- Research Unit for Non-Coding RNAs and Genome Editing, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Martin Thurnher
- Immunotherapy Unit, Department of Urology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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16
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Abu Hejleh AP, Huck K, Jähne K, Tan CL, Lanz TV, Epping L, Sonner JK, Meuth SG, Henneberg A, Opitz CA, Herold-Mende C, Sahm F, Platten M, Sahm K. Endothelial Indoleamine-2,3-Dioxygenase-1 is not Critically Involved in Regulating Antitumor Immunity in the Central Nervous System. Int J Tryptophan Res 2023; 16:11786469231153111. [PMID: 36798537 PMCID: PMC9926378 DOI: 10.1177/11786469231153111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The vascular niche of malignant gliomas is a key compartment that shapes the immunosuppressive brain tumor microenvironment (TME). The blood-brain-barrier (BBB) consisting of specialized endothelial cells (ECs) and perivascular cells forms a tight anatomical and functional barrier critically controlling transmigration and effector function of immune cells. During neuroinflammation and tumor progression, the metabolism of the essential amino acid tryptophan (Trp) to metabolites such as kynurenine has long been identified as an important metabolic pathway suppressing immune responses. Previous studies have demonstrated that indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase-1 (IDO1), a key rate-limiting enzyme in tryptophan catabolism, is expressed within the TME of high-grade gliomas. Here, we investigate the role of endothelial IDO1 (eIDO1) expression for brain tumor immunity. Single-cell RNA sequencing data revealed that in human glioma tissue, IDO1 is predominantly expressed by activated ECs showing a JAK/STAT signaling pathway-related CXCL11+ gene expression signature. In a syngeneic experimental glioma model, eIDO1 is induced by low-dose tumor irradiation. However, cell type-specific ablation of eIDO1 in experimental gliomas did not alter frequency and phenotype of tumor-infiltrating T cells nor tumor growth. Taken together these data argue against a dominant role of eIDO1 for brain tumor immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- AP Abu Hejleh
- Department of Neurology, Mannheim Medical Center, University of Heidelberg, Germany,DKTK Clinical Cooperation Unit Neuroimmunology and Brain Tumor Immunology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - K Huck
- Department of Neurology, Mannheim Medical Center, University of Heidelberg, Germany,DKTK Clinical Cooperation Unit Neuroimmunology and Brain Tumor Immunology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - K Jähne
- Department of Neurology, Mannheim Medical Center, University of Heidelberg, Germany,DKTK Clinical Cooperation Unit Neuroimmunology and Brain Tumor Immunology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - CL Tan
- DKTK Clinical Cooperation Unit Neuroimmunology and Brain Tumor Immunology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - TV Lanz
- Department of Neurology, Mannheim Medical Center, University of Heidelberg, Germany,Department of Medicine, Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Stanford University, CA, USA
| | - L Epping
- Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology, University Hospital Münster, Germany
| | - JK Sonner
- Institute of Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis, Center for Molecular Neurobiology Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - SG Meuth
- Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology, University Hospital Münster, Germany,Department of Neurology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - A Henneberg
- Division of Metabolic Crosstalk in Cancer, German Consortium of Translational Cancer Research (DKTK) & German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany,Faculty of Bioscience, Heidelberg University, Germany
| | - CA Opitz
- Division of Metabolic Crosstalk in Cancer, German Consortium of Translational Cancer Research (DKTK) & German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - C Herold-Mende
- Division of Neurosurgical Research, Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany
| | - F Sahm
- Department of Neuropathology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Germany,DKTK Clinical Cooperation Unit Neuropathology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - M Platten
- Department of Neurology, Mannheim Medical Center, University of Heidelberg, Germany,DKTK Clinical Cooperation Unit Neuroimmunology and Brain Tumor Immunology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - K Sahm
- Department of Neurology, Mannheim Medical Center, University of Heidelberg, Germany,DKTK Clinical Cooperation Unit Neuroimmunology and Brain Tumor Immunology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany,Katharina Sahm, Department of Neurology, Mannheim Medical Center, University of Heidelberg, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, Mannheim 68167, Germany,
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17
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Machiraju D, Hassel JC. Targeting the cMET pathway to enhance immunotherapeutic approaches for mUM patients. Front Oncol 2023; 12:1068029. [PMID: 36761417 PMCID: PMC9902905 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1068029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The liver is the most preferential initial site of metastasis for uveal melanoma (mUM), and this preference is associated with rapid mortality in mUM patients. Despite the significant clinical benefits of Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in metastatic cutaneous melanoma patients, ICIs have shown little to no benefit in mUM patients. A potential reason for this inefficiency of ICI could be partly devoted to the involvement of the liver itself, thanks to its rich source of growth factors and immunosuppressive microenvironment. Uveal melanoma cells show increased expression of a transmembrane protein called cMET, which is known as the sole receptor for the Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF). Hyperactivation of cMET by HGF contributes to mUM development, and the liver, being the major source of HGF, may partially explain the metastasis of uveal melanoma cells to the liver. In addition, cMET/HGF signaling has also been shown to mediate resistance to ICI treatment, directly and indirectly, involving tumor and immune cell populations. Therefore, targeting the cMET/HGF interaction may enhance the efficacy of immunotherapeutic regimes for mUM patients. Hence in this minireview, we will discuss the rationale for combining cMET inhibitors/antibodies with leading immune checkpoint inhibitors for treating mUM. We will also briefly highlight the challenges and opportunities in targeting cMET in mUM.
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18
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Zhang C, Wang L, Xu C, Xu H, Wu Y. Resistance mechanisms of immune checkpoint inhibition in lymphoma: Focusing on the tumor microenvironment. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1079924. [PMID: 36959853 PMCID: PMC10027765 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1079924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have revolutionized the therapeutic strategies of multiple types of malignancies including lymphoma. However, efficiency of ICIs varies dramatically among different lymphoma subtypes, and durable response can only be achieved in a minority of patients, thus requiring unveiling the underlying mechanisms of ICI resistance to optimize the individualized regimens and improve the treatment outcomes. Recently, accumulating evidence has identified potential prognostic factors for ICI therapy, including tumor mutation burden and tumor microenvironment (TME). Given the distinction between solid tumors and hematological malignancies in terms of TME, we here review the clinical updates of ICIs for lymphoma, and focus on the underlying mechanisms for resistance induced by TME, which play important roles in lymphoma and remarkably influence its sensitivity to ICIs. Particularly, we highlight the value of multiple cell populations (e.g., tumor infiltrating lymphocytes, M2 tumor-associated macrophages, and myeloid-derived suppressor cells) and metabolites (e.g., indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase and adenosine) in the TME as prognostic biomarkers for ICI response, and also underline additional potential targets in immunotherapy, such as EZH2, LAG-3, TIM-3, adenosine, and PI3Kδ/γ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunlan Zhang
- Department of Hematology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Leiming Wang
- Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Center for transnational medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Caigang Xu
- Department of Hematology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Heng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Research Center of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Heng Xu, ; Yu Wu,
| | - Yu Wu
- Department of Hematology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Heng Xu, ; Yu Wu,
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19
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Villemin C, Six A, Neville BA, Lawley TD, Robinson MJ, Bakdash G. The heightened importance of the microbiome in cancer immunotherapy. Trends Immunol 2023; 44:44-59. [PMID: 36464584 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2022.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
The human microbiome is recognized as a key factor in health and disease. This has been further corroborated by identifying changes in microbiome composition and function as a novel hallmark in cancer. These effects are exerted through microbiome interactions with host cells, impacting a wide variety of developmental and physiological processes. In this review, we discuss some of the latest findings on how the bacterial component of the microbiome can influence outcomes for different cancer immunotherapy modalities, highlighting identified mechanisms of action. We also address the clinical efforts to utilize this knowledge to achieve better responses to immunotherapy. A refined understanding of microbiome variations in patients and microbiome-host interactions with cancer therapies is essential to realize optimal clinical responses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anne Six
- Microbiotica Ltd., Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Trevor D Lawley
- Microbiotica Ltd., Cambridge, UK; Host-Microbiota Interactions Laboratory, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
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20
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Identification of a cytokine-dominated immunosuppressive class in squamous cell lung carcinoma with implications for immunotherapy resistance. Genome Med 2022; 14:72. [PMID: 35799269 PMCID: PMC9264601 DOI: 10.1186/s13073-022-01079-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy has revolutionized the treatment of lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC). However, a significant proportion of patients with high tumour PD-L1 expression remain resistant to immune checkpoint inhibitors. To understand the underlying resistance mechanisms, characterization of the immunosuppressive tumour microenvironment and identification of biomarkers to predict resistance in patients are urgently needed. METHODS Our study retrospectively analysed RNA sequencing data of 624 LUSC samples. We analysed gene expression patterns from tumour microenvironment by unsupervised clustering. We correlated the expression patterns with a set of T cell exhaustion signatures, immunosuppressive cells, clinical characteristics, and immunotherapeutic responses. Internal and external testing datasets were used to validate the presence of exhausted immune status. RESULTS Approximately 28 to 36% of LUSC patients were found to exhibit significant enrichments of T cell exhaustion signatures, high fraction of immunosuppressive cells (M2 macrophage and CD4 Treg), co-upregulation of 9 inhibitory checkpoints (CTLA4, PDCD1, LAG3, BTLA, TIGIT, HAVCR2, IDO1, SIGLEC7, and VISTA), and enhanced expression of anti-inflammatory cytokines (e.g. TGFβ and CCL18). We defined this immunosuppressive group of patients as exhausted immune class (EIC). Although EIC showed a high density of tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes, these were associated with poor prognosis. EIC had relatively elevated PD-L1 expression, but showed potential resistance to ICB therapy. The signature of 167 genes for EIC prediction was significantly enriched in melanoma patients with ICB therapy resistance. EIC was characterized by a lower chromosomal alteration burden and a unique methylation pattern. We developed a web application ( http://lilab2.sysu.edu.cn/tex & http://liwzlab.cn/tex ) for researchers to further investigate potential association of ICB resistance based on our multi-omics analysis data. CONCLUSIONS We introduced a novel LUSC immunosuppressive class which expressed high PD-L1 but showed potential resistance to ICB therapy. This comprehensive characterization of immunosuppressive tumour microenvironment in LUSC provided new insights for further exploration of resistance mechanisms and optimization of immunotherapy strategies.
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21
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Primary and Acquired Resistance against Immune Check Inhibitors in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14143294. [PMID: 35884355 PMCID: PMC9316464 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14143294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary NSCLC accounts for approximately 84% of lung malignancies and the clinical application of ICIs provides a novel and promising strategy. However, approximately 80% of NSCLC patients do not benefit from ICIs due to drug resistance complicated by disciplines and diverse mechanisms. Through this review, we provide a whole map of current understanding of primary and acquired resistance mechanisms in NSCLC. In the first part, resistance mechanisms of 6 FDA-approved ICIs-related primary resistance are collected and arranged into 7 steps of the well-known cancer-immunity cycle. Acquired resistance induced by ICIs are summarized in the second part. In the third part, we discuss the future direction, including the deeper understanding of tumor microenvironment and the combinational treatment. Through this review, clinicians can get clear and direct clues to find the underlying mechanisms in patients and translational researchers can acquire several directions to overcome resistance and apply new combinational treatment. Abstract Immune checkpoint inhibitors have emerged as the treatment landscape of advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in recent years. However, approximately 80% of NSCLC patients do not benefit from ICIs due to primary resistance (no initial response) or acquired resistance (tumor relapse after an initial response). In this review, we highlight the mechanisms of primary and secondary resistance. Furthermore, we provide a future direction of the potential predictive biomarkers and the tumor microenvironmental landscape and suggest treatment strategies to overcome these mechanisms.
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22
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Gunjur A, Manrique‐Rincón AJ, Klein O, Behren A, Lawley TD, Welsh SJ, Adams DJ. 'Know thyself' - host factors influencing cancer response to immune checkpoint inhibitors. J Pathol 2022; 257:513-525. [PMID: 35394069 PMCID: PMC9320825 DOI: 10.1002/path.5907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have revolutionised oncology and are now standard-of-care for the treatment of a wide variety of solid neoplasms. However, tumour responses remain unpredictable, experienced by only a minority of ICI recipients across malignancy types. Therefore, there is an urgent need for better predictive biomarkers to identify a priori the patients most likely to benefit from these therapies. Despite considerable efforts, only three such biomarkers are FDA-approved for clinical use, and all rely on the availability of tumour tissue for immunohistochemical staining or genomic assays. There is emerging evidence that host factors - for example, genetic, metabolic, and immune factors, as well as the composition of one's gut microbiota - influence the response of a patient's cancer to ICIs. Tantalisingly, some of these factors are modifiable, paving the way for co-therapies that may enhance the therapeutic index of these treatments. Herein, we review key host factors that are of potential biomarker value for response to ICI therapy, with a particular focus on the proposed mechanisms for these influences. © 2022 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashray Gunjur
- Experimental Cancer Genetics, Wellcome Sanger InstituteHinxtonUK,Olivia Newton‐John Cancer Research InstituteLa Trobe University School of Cancer MedicineHeidelbergAustralia
| | - Andrea J Manrique‐Rincón
- Experimental Cancer Genetics, Wellcome Sanger InstituteHinxtonUK,Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology & Infectious Disease, Department of MedicineUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - Oliver Klein
- Olivia Newton‐John Cancer Research InstituteLa Trobe University School of Cancer MedicineHeidelbergAustralia,Department of Medical OncologyAustin HealthHeidelbergAustralia
| | - Andreas Behren
- Olivia Newton‐John Cancer Research InstituteLa Trobe University School of Cancer MedicineHeidelbergAustralia,Department of MedicineUniversity of MelbourneParkvilleAustralia
| | | | - Sarah J Welsh
- Department of SurgeryUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK,Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustCambridgeUK
| | - David J Adams
- Experimental Cancer Genetics, Wellcome Sanger InstituteHinxtonUK
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T Lymphocyte Infiltration in Association with IDO1 Expression in Resected Lung Adenocarcinoma and Normal Adjacent Lung Tissues. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:2381018. [PMID: 35187162 PMCID: PMC8853784 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2381018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) catalyzes the first step of tryptophan catabolism in the kynurenine (Kyn) pathway. IDO1 downregulates natural killer cell receptors, and by mechanism, tumor cells escape immune surveillance. Methods IDO1 protein and mRNA were assessed by immunohistochemistry, immunoblotting, and PCR in the 68 resected lung adenocarcinomas at stages I–III as well as adjacent normal lung tissues. Infiltration of CD3, CD8, and CD4 lymphocytes in the tumor and adjacent normal lung tissues was assessed by immunohistochemical staining. Results IDO1 protein and mRNA were detected in various stages of lung adenocarcinoma with highest expression at stage III. In contrast, biomarkers of T cell subset, CD3, CD4, and CD8, were highly expressed in the normal lung tissues and stage I adenocarcinoma tissues but significantly reduced in the stage II and III tumor tissues. Conclusions The current study demonstrated that the higher level of IDO1 expression in the lung adenocarcinoma was, the less infiltration of T lymphocytes was found in the tumors. Findings of this study indicated that IDO1 may contribute to the reduction of T lymphocyte infiltration into the lung adenocarcinoma.
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24
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Nagasaka M, Balmanoukian AS, Madison R, Zhang SS, Klempner SJ, Ou SHI. Amivantamab (JNJ-61186372) induces clinical, biochemical, molecular, and radiographic response in a treatment-refractory NSCLC patient harboring amplified triple EGFR mutations (L858R/ T790M/G796S) in cis. Lung Cancer 2022; 164:52-55. [PMID: 35032819 DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2021.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The sequential use of 1st-/2nd-generation to 3rd-generation epidermal growth factor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) has led to the emergence of triple EGFR mutations generally consisting of the founder mutation (del 19 or L858R), gatekeeper mutation (T790M) and mutation (C797S) that abolishes the covalent binding of osimertinib to the EGFR protein (i.e., del 19 or L858R/T790M/C797S). Besides C797S, other tertiary mutations confer structural steric hindrance to osimertinib rather than preventing its covalent binding to the EGFR kinase domain such as solvent front mutation (G796S) or others such as L792F/H mutation. "Fourth-generation" EGFR TKIs are being developed to inhibit these triple mutations, in particular, in the background of compound T790M/C797S mutations but they are still in early clinical stages of development. Amivantamab, a bi-specific EGFR/MET monoclonal antibody that can affect Fc mediated trogocytosis of the EGFR protein has been approved for the treatment of EGFR exon20 insertion mutations and has demonstrated activity against a myriad of compound EGFR mutations. Here we report amivantamab monotherapy induced symptomatic, biochemical, molecular, and radiographic responses in a NSCLC patient with triple EGFR mutations in cis in the background of EGFR amplification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Misako Nagasaka
- University of California Irvine School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Orange, CA 92868, USA; Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, Orange, CA 92868, USA; Department of Neurology, St Mariana University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan.
| | - Ani S Balmanoukian
- The Angeles Clinic and Research Institute, Los Angeles, Cedars Sinai Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, CA 90025, USA
| | | | - Shannon S Zhang
- University of California Irvine School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Orange, CA 92868, USA
| | - Samuel J Klempner
- Department of Medical Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sai-Hong Ignatius Ou
- University of California Irvine School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Orange, CA 92868, USA; Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, Orange, CA 92868, USA.
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25
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Zhang H, Dong W, Zhao H, Zeng Z, Zhang F, Hu Y, Li Q, Chen J, Meng E, Xiao W. Homozygous deletion of the HLA-B gene as an acquired-resistance mechanism to nivolumab in a patient with lung adenocarcinoma: a case report. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2021; 9:1506. [PMID: 34805368 PMCID: PMC8573430 DOI: 10.21037/atm-21-3825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have greatly improved the treatment of advanced non-small-cell lung cancer, including lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). Patients treated with ICIs can have long-term clinical outcomes; however, acquired resistance to ICI therapy has been frequently observed. To date, little is known about the underlying mechanisms. In this study, we report the case of a male smoker with metastatic LUAD who initially received multi-line radiotherapy and chemotherapy and achieved stable disease (SD) for almost 10 years. The patient was treated with nivolumab for about 15 months. However, the disease later progressed rapidly. A genetic profile of the patient revealed the homozygous deletion of the human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-B gene, which may have conferred the acquired resistance. Our study is the first to describe the homozygous deletion of the HLA-B gene as an acquired-resistance mechanism to programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) blockade in a patient with LUAD. This evidence suggests that tumor cells can selectively lose HLA-A, B, and C to survive under strong immune pressure. This discovery enriches and develops our understanding of the mechanism of drug resistance in ICI therapy in LUAD. However, further investigations are urgently needed to be conducted to determine how this resistance can be overcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Zhang
- Department of Oncology, The Fifth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Weiwei Dong
- Department of Oncology, The Fifth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Huixia Zhao
- Department of Oncology, The Fifth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiyan Zeng
- Department of Oncology, The Fifth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Fengyun Zhang
- Department of Oncology, The Fifth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yanyan Hu
- Department of Oncology, The Fifth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Qiuwen Li
- Department of Oncology, The Fifth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Chen
- ChosenMed Technology (Beijing) Co. Ltd, Beijing, China
| | - Erhong Meng
- ChosenMed Technology (Beijing) Co. Ltd, Beijing, China
| | - Wenhua Xiao
- Department of Oncology, The Fifth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
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26
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Yoon SJ, Lee CB, Chae SU, Jo SJ, Bae SK. The Comprehensive "Omics" Approach from Metabolomics to Advanced Omics for Development of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors: Potential Strategies for Next Generation of Cancer Immunotherapy. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:6932. [PMID: 34203237 PMCID: PMC8268114 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22136932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In the past decade, immunotherapies have been emerging as an effective way to treat cancer. Among several categories of immunotherapies, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are the most well-known and widely used options for cancer treatment. Although several studies continue, this treatment option has yet to be developed into a precise application in the clinical setting. Recently, omics as a high-throughput technique for understanding the genome, transcriptome, proteome, and metabolome has revolutionized medical research and led to integrative interpretation to advance our understanding of biological systems. Advanced omics techniques, such as multi-omics, single-cell omics, and typical omics approaches, have been adopted to investigate various cancer immunotherapies. In this review, we highlight metabolomic studies regarding the development of ICIs involved in the discovery of targets or mechanisms of action and assessment of clinical outcomes, including drug response and resistance and propose biomarkers. Furthermore, we also discuss the genomics, proteomics, and advanced omics studies providing insights and comprehensive or novel approaches for ICI development. The overview of ICI studies suggests potential strategies for the development of other cancer immunotherapies using omics techniques in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Soo Kyung Bae
- College of Pharmacy and Integrated Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Catholic University of Korea, 43 Jibong-ro, Wonmi-gu, Bucheon 14662, Korea; (S.J.Y.); (C.B.L.); (S.U.C.); (S.J.J.)
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27
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Hayase E, Jenq RR. Role of the intestinal microbiome and microbial-derived metabolites in immune checkpoint blockade immunotherapy of cancer. Genome Med 2021; 13:107. [PMID: 34162429 PMCID: PMC8220726 DOI: 10.1186/s13073-021-00923-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are monoclonal antibodies that block immune inhibitory pathways. Administration of ICIs augments T cell-mediated immune responses against tumor, resulting in improved overall survival in cancer patients. It has emerged that the intestinal microbiome can modulate responses to ICIs via the host immune system and that the use of antibiotics can lead to reduced efficacy of ICIs. Recently, reports that fecal microbiota transplantation can lead to ICI therapy responses in patients previously refractory to therapy suggest that targeting the microbiome may be a viable strategy to reprogram the tumor microenvironment and augment ICI therapy. Intestinal microbial metabolites may also be linked to response rates to ICIs. In addition to response rates, certain toxicities that can arise during ICI therapy have also been found to be associated with the intestinal microbiome, including in particular colitis. A key mechanistic question is how certain microbes can enhance anti-tumor responses or, alternatively, predispose to ICI-associated colitis. Evidence has emerged that the intestinal microbiome can modulate outcomes to ICI therapies via two major mechanisms, including those that are antigen-specific and those that are antigen-independent. Antigen-specific mechanisms occur when epitopes are shared between microbial and tumor antigens that could enhance, or, alternatively, reduce anti-tumor immune responses via cross-reactive adaptive immune cells. Antigen-independent mechanisms include modulation of responses to ICIs by engaging innate and/or adaptive immune cells. To establish microbiome-based biomarkers of outcomes and specifically modulate the intestinal microbiome to enhance efficacy of ICIs in cancer immunotherapy, further prospective interventional studies will be required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eiko Hayase
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Robert R Jenq
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
- Department of Stem Cell Transplant and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
- CPRIT Scholar in Cancer Research, Houston, TX, USA.
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