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Patten CA, Koller KR, King DK, Prochaska JJ, Sinicrope PS, McDonell MG, Decker PA, Lee FR, Fosi JK, Young AM, Sabaque CV, Brown AR, Borah BJ, Thomas TK. Aniqsaaq (To Breathe): Study protocol to develop and evaluate an Alaska Native family-based financial incentive intervention for smoking cessation. Contemp Clin Trials Commun 2023; 33:101129. [PMID: 37091507 PMCID: PMC10120296 DOI: 10.1016/j.conctc.2023.101129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Alaska Native and American Indian (ANAI) communities in Alaska are disproportionately affected by commercial tobacco use. Financial incentive interventions promote cigarette smoking cessation, but family-level incentives have not been evaluated. We describe the study protocol to adapt and evaluate the effectiveness and implementation of a remotely delivered, family-based financial incentive intervention for cigarette smoking among Alaskan ANAI people. Methods The study has 3 phases: 1) qualitative interviews with ANAI adults who smoke, family members, and stakeholders to inform the intervention, 2) beta-test of the intervention, and 3) randomized controlled trial (RCT) evaluating intervention reach and effectiveness on verified, prolonged smoking abstinence at 6- and 12-months post-treatment. In the RCT, adult dyads (ANAI person who smokes [index participant] and family member) recruited throughout Alaska will be randomized to a no-incentives control condition (n = 328 dyads) or a 6-month incentive intervention (n = 328 dyads). All dyads will receive cessation support and family wellness materials. Smoking status will be assessed weekly for four weeks and at three and six months. Intervention index participants will receive escalating incentives for verified smoking abstinence at each time point (maximum $750 total); the family member will receive rewards of equal value. Results A community advisory committee contributed input on the study design and methods for relevance to ANAI people, particularly emphasizing the involvement of families. Conclusion Our study aligns with the strength and value AIAN people place on family. Findings, processes, and resources will inform how Indigenous family members can support smoking cessation within incentive interventions. Clinical Trials Registry NCT05209451.
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Sheer VC. The State of Norm-Based Antismoking Research: Conceptual Frameworks, Research Designs, and Implications for Interventions. HEALTH COMMUNICATION 2023; 38:310-325. [PMID: 34256674 DOI: 10.1080/10410236.2021.1950296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This synthesis review examined 189 qualified studies on norms and smoking in terms of conceptual frameworks, types of social norms, research designs, dependent variables, independent variables and covariates, and findings related to norms. Results show that 7.9% were experimental, and the remaining were cross-sectional. By far, the reasoned action approach (RAA) was the most-cited theory, but RAA was not used to guide experimental designs. The social norms approach, norm focus theory, social cognitive theory guided the intervention experiments. Harmful norms were more frequently examined than healthful norms. Pro-smoking norms positively predicted smoking intentions and behaviors, whereas antismoking norms positively predicted antismoking intentions and behaviors. The over-application of RAA in cross-sectional antismoking research has yielded repetitive findings. Norm-based experiments can adopt other theoretical perspectives to offer insights into antismoking interventions. The RAA constructs are still applicable and can be integrated into intervention designs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivian C Sheer
- Department of Communication Studies, Hong Kong Baptist University
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Gallegos-Carrillo K, Barrientos-Gutiérrez I, Arillo-Santillán E, Rodríguez-Bolaños R, Cruz-Jiménez L, Desirée VP, Cho YJ, Thrasher JF. Transitions between tobacco products: Correlates of changes in cigarette smoking and e-cigarette use among exclusive adult smokers and dual users in Mexico. Prev Med Rep 2022; 29:101869. [PMID: 35911576 PMCID: PMC9326312 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2022.101869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
This study examined transitions in tobacco products use among Mexican smokers and dual users. Data were analyzed from exclusive smokers (n = 2,946) and dual users (n = 1,643) recruited from an online consumer research panel and surveyed every-four months from November 2018 to April 2021. For exclusive smokers, estimated transitions were (time "t + 1" four months after prior survey): a) remain as exclusive smokers; b) dual use; c) exclusive e-cigarette use or quit both products. Among dual users, transitions analyzed were: a) remain as dual user; b) exclusive smoker; c) exclusive e-cigarette user or quit both products. Multinomial models regressed transitions at "t + 1" on time "t" for control variables. Most exclusive smokers (81%) remained as such, 12.6% transitioned to dual use, 2.3% to exclusive e-cigarette use, and 4% quitted both products. Exclusive smokers were more likely to transition to dual use if they recently attempted to quit (AOR = 1.45) or had partners/family or friends who used e-cigarettes (AOR = 2.47 & 2.56 respectively). Most dual users (74.8%) remained as dual users, 20.4% transitioned to exclusive smoking, 1.6% transitioned to exclusive e-cigarette use, and 3.2% quitted both products. Dual users were more likely to transition to exclusive smoking if they had lower educational attainment, recently attempted to quit e-cigarettes (AOR = 1.70). Having friends who use e-cigarettes (AOR = 0.29) and higher smoking dependence (AOR = 0.55) were associated with a lower likelihood of quitting. Recent quit attempts and e-cigarette use among close social network members may explain the short-term transitions, though longer follow-up is needed to assess sustained smoking cessation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katia Gallegos-Carrillo
- Epidemiology and Health Services Research Unit, Morelos, Mexican Institute of Social Security, Mexico
- Evaluation and Surveys Research Center, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | | | - Edna Arillo-Santillán
- Tobacco Research Department, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | | | - Lizeth Cruz-Jiménez
- Evaluation and Surveys Research Center, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Vidaña-Pérez Desirée
- Department of Health Promotion, Education & Behavior, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, USA
| | - Yoo Jin Cho
- Department of Health Promotion, Education & Behavior, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, USA
| | - James F. Thrasher
- Tobacco Research Department, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico
- Department of Health Promotion, Education & Behavior, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, USA
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Li M, Sonoda N, Koh C, Yasumoto R, Morimoto A. Meta-analysis of the association between health literacy and smoking. POPULATION MEDICINE 2022. [DOI: 10.18332/popmed/152572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Arancini L, Borland R, Le Grande M, Mohebbi M, Dodd S, Dean OM, Berk M, McNeill A, Fong GT, Cummings KM. Age as a predictor of quit attempts and quit success in smoking cessation: findings from the International Tobacco Control Four-Country survey (2002-14). Addiction 2021; 116:2509-2520. [PMID: 33651412 PMCID: PMC8328881 DOI: 10.1111/add.15454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Past research has found that young smokers are more likely to make quit attempts; however, there are conflicting findings regarding age and quit success. This study examined the degree to which smoker age is related to making quit attempts and quit success. DESIGN Ten waves of the International Tobacco Control Policy Cohort survey (ITC-4C) collected between 2002 and 2014, with nine wave-to-wave transitions with predictors at the first wave predicting quit attempts and success by the next wave. SETTING Canada, the United States, the United Kingdom and Australia. PARTICIPANTS Data from 15 874 smokers categorized into four age groups at baseline (18-24, 25-39, 40-54 and 55+ years). MEASUREMENTS Age, quit attempts and success (defined as ≥ 30 days abstinence confirmed, if possible, on a third wave for recent attempts). FINDINGS Older smokers were more likely to smoke daily (χ2 = 1557.86, r = 0.136, P < 0.001) than younger smokers. Daily smokers were less likely to report quit attempts (38.1 versus 58.2%) and to achieve 30 days of abstinence (22.9 versus 34.3%) than non-daily smokers. Older daily smokers were less likely to make quit attempts [0.61, confidence interval (CI) = 0.54-0.70, P < 0.001], even after controlling for indicators of nicotine dependence, country, sex, education, income, relationship status and household composition, than younger smokers. Younger smokers (< 25) were more likely to succeed for at least 30 days of abstinence, but only when compared with those aged 40-54 (OR = 0.83, 95% CI = 0.68-0.99). However, when controlling for heaviness of smoking the age effect disappeared. Significant interactions with age were found between age and intention when predicting quit attempts, and age and heaviness of smoking when predicting quit success. CONCLUSIONS An international cohort study indicates that young smokers are more likely to attempt to quit and appear to have similar levels of success in abstaining from smoking compared with older smokers when controlling for dependence. Quit success in all ages is most predicted by lower levels of nicotine dependence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Arancini
- IMPACT Strategic Research Centre, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Ron Borland
- Centre for Behaviour Change, The University of Melbourne, School of Psychological Sciences, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Michael Le Grande
- Centre for Behaviour Change, The University of Melbourne, School of Psychological Sciences, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Mohammadreza Mohebbi
- Biostatistics Unit, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Burwood, VIC, Australia
| | - Seetal Dodd
- IMPACT Strategic Research Centre, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
- University Hospital Geelong, Barwon Health, Geelong, VIC, Australia
- Department of Psychiatry, the University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Orygen, the National Centre for Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Olivia M Dean
- IMPACT Strategic Research Centre, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
- University Hospital Geelong, Barwon Health, Geelong, VIC, Australia
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Michael Berk
- IMPACT Strategic Research Centre, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
- University Hospital Geelong, Barwon Health, Geelong, VIC, Australia
- Department of Psychiatry, the University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Orygen, the National Centre for Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Ann McNeill
- King's College London, London, England, UK
- UK Centre for Tobacco and Alcohol Studies, UK
| | - Geoffrey T Fong
- University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
- Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Abstract
PURPOSE/AIMS Smoking-related stigma is manifested in the everyday social interactions of persons who smoke and can result in low self-esteem, diminished self-efficacy, and resistance to smoking cessation. The purpose of this study was to describe smoking-related social interactions as experienced by persons with a history of long-term smoking. DESIGN This study used a qualitative descriptive approach. METHODS This study is part of a larger study designed to identify factors that influence lung cancer screening participation. Data were drawn from 39 qualitative interviews with persons from the parent study. All descriptions about smoking-related social interactions found in the narratives were extracted, coded, categorized, and summarized with content analytic techniques. RESULTS Seven different types of social interactions were identified: (a) being looked down on for smoking, (b) being humiliated for smoking in public, (c) being banished while smoking, (d) being blamed for one's health problems, (e) not "really" being blamed for smoking, (f) being told "just quit," and (g) being worried about hurting others. CONCLUSIONS Clinical nurse specialists should promote antismoking campaigns that are not stigmatizing, discuss health risks of smoking in a respectful manner, provide evidence-based cessation resources, improve communication with persons who smoke, and address stigma in programs to improve screening for smoking-related illnesses.
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Sheridan P, Trinidad D, McMenamin S, Pierce JP, Benmarhnia T. Evaluating the impact of the California 1995 smoke-free workplace law on population smoking prevalence using a synthetic control method. Prev Med Rep 2020; 19:101164. [PMID: 32775177 PMCID: PMC7394745 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2020.101164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study is to assess the impact of the California 1995 Smoke-Free Workplace Act (SFWA) on cigarette smoking prevalence in the population. We used survey responses related to cigarette smoking from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) from 1990 to 2000. We utilize a synthetic control method which creates a weighted combination of control states to produce a single ‘synthetic’ control group to best approximate the counterfactual trend in California in the absence of the SFWA. Variables known to be associated with smoking were included to weight each state in the pre-intervention period as medians by state and included: distribution of race/ethnicity (White, Black, Asian, Hispanic), sex (Male/Female), marital status (married/unmarried), high school education (yes/no) and employment status (yes/no). We find evidence that there was a small decrease in population smoking prevalence in California in the year immediately following the SFWA, but this effect was not sustained beyond 1995. We hypothesize that one potential explanation for the lack of prolonged impact on population smoking prevalence is that there are sustained effects from the passage of 1989 California Proposition 99, which enacted an excise tax on tobacco products. Understanding how workplace smoking ban legislation affects population smoking behaviors is necessary to better inform policy development in other states and counties and to improve existing policies. Future work should consider the impact of smoking legislation impacts subgroups of the population by socioeconomic status, occupation or race/ethnicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paige Sheridan
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, United States.,Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, San Diego State University, 5200 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA 92182, United States
| | - Dennis Trinidad
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, United States
| | - Sara McMenamin
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, United States
| | - John P Pierce
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, United States
| | - Tarik Benmarhnia
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, United States.,Scripps Institute of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, 8622 Kennel Way, La Jolla, CA 92037, United States
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8
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Jiang S, Yang T, Bullen C, Chen J, Yu L, Peng S, Rockett IRH. Real-world unassisted quit success and related contextual factors: a population-based study of Chinese male smokers. Tob Control 2020; 30:498-504. [PMID: 32675250 DOI: 10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2019-055594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2019] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To examine the association of exposure to secondhand smoke (SHS) and tobacco advertising with unassisted smoking cessation among Chinese male smokers. METHODS A questionnaire was administered to 6500 male adult smokers from six cities in China selected in a cross-sectional multistage sampling design. The survey collected self-reported demographic characteristics, smoking and cessation status, SHS exposure and tobacco advertising exposure, with 5782 valid questionnaires included in this study. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to assess the association of unassisted smoking cessation with exposure to SHS and tobacco advertising. RESULTS 42.1% of smokers who made unassisted quit attempts achieved abstinence (95% CI 32.5% to 51.7%). SHS (adjusted OR (aOR) 0.36; 95% CI 0.18 to 0.71; p=0.033) and tobacco advertising exposure (aOR 0.63; 95% CI 0.37 to 0.95; p=0.039) were negatively associated with unassisted smoking cessation. CONCLUSION The vast majority of Chinese male smokers rely on unassisted methods to quit smoking. Success prevalence is high, which is very beneficial to health. This study suggests that exposure to secondhand smoking and tobacco advertising hinders the success of unassisted cessation. These findings speak to the need for environmental tobacco control measures to promote unassisted smoking cessation among Chinese adult male smokers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhan Jiang
- School of Humanities and Management, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Tingzhong Yang
- Children's Hospital/Center for Tobacco Control Research, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Christopher Bullen
- National Institute for Health Innovation, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Jinsong Chen
- National Institute for Health Innovation, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Lingwei Yu
- Center for Tobacco Control Research, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Sihui Peng
- Center for Tobacco Control Research, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ian R H Rockett
- Department of Epidemiology, West Virginia University School of Public Health, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
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Jackson SE, Proudfoot H, Brown J, East K, Hitchman SC, Shahab L. Perceived non-smoking norms and motivation to stop smoking, quit attempts, and cessation: a cross-sectional study in England. Sci Rep 2020; 10:10487. [PMID: 32591555 PMCID: PMC7320183 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-67003-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
This study examined the prevalence of non-smoking norms in England and their associations with motivation to stop smoking, quit attempts, and cessation. Data were from a representative cross-sectional survey of 1,521 adults (301 combustible tobacco smokers). Descriptive non-smoking norms were endorsed, with just 16% of adults (12% of smokers) believing smoking was uncommon. Injunctive non-smoking norms were more prevalent, with 60-77% of adults (17-48% of smokers) viewing smoking as something of which others disapproved. Personal non-smoking norms were also prevalent among all adults (73% indicated they would prefer to live with a non-smoker) but not smokers (69% had no preference). Smokers who endorsed stronger descriptive non-smoking norms had increased odds of reporting high motivation to stop smoking (ORadj = 1.63, 95%CI 1.06-2.52). Female (but not male) past-year smokers who endorsed stronger injunctive (ORadj = 2.19, 95%CI 1.41-3.42) and personal (ORadj = 1.90, 95%CI 1.29-2.82) non-smoking norms had increased odds of having made a past-year quit attempt. In conclusion, perceived descriptive non-smoking norms are not held by the majority of adults in England. Injunctive and personal non-smoking norms are prevalent among all adults but lower among smokers. There is some evidence that smokers - in particular, women - who endorse stronger non-smoking norms are more likely to be motivated to stop smoking and to make a quit attempt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E Jackson
- Department of Behavioural Science and Health, University College London, London, UK.
- Shaping Public Health Policies To Reduce Inequalities and Harm (SPECTRUM) Consortium, Edinburgh, UK.
| | - Hannah Proudfoot
- Department of Behavioural Science and Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Jamie Brown
- Department of Behavioural Science and Health, University College London, London, UK
- Shaping Public Health Policies To Reduce Inequalities and Harm (SPECTRUM) Consortium, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Katherine East
- National Addiction Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- Shaping Public Health Policies To Reduce Inequalities and Harm (SPECTRUM) Consortium, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Sara C Hitchman
- National Addiction Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- Shaping Public Health Policies To Reduce Inequalities and Harm (SPECTRUM) Consortium, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Lion Shahab
- Department of Behavioural Science and Health, University College London, London, UK
- Shaping Public Health Policies To Reduce Inequalities and Harm (SPECTRUM) Consortium, Edinburgh, UK
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Hassett-Walker C, Shadden M. Examining Arrest and Cigarette Smoking in Emerging Adulthood. Tob Use Insights 2020; 13:1179173X20904350. [PMID: 32082049 PMCID: PMC7005980 DOI: 10.1177/1179173x20904350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Despite prior studies, transitions in smoking patterns are not fully
understood. Getting arrested may alter an individual’s smoking pattern
through processes proscribed by the criminological labeling theory. This
study examined how arrest during emerging adulthood altered smoking behavior
during subsequent years and whether there were differential effects by
race/ethnicity and gender. Methods: We analyzed 15 waves of data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth
1997. Multinomial logistic regressions were performed using Stata software
version 14. Results: For both genders, arrested black men and women had the most distinct smoking
transitions (both increases and decreases) as compared with their
non-arrested counterparts. Among men, particularly black males, arrest in
early adulthood was associated with the men transitioning to both increased
and decreased smoking. Patterns in smoking transitions for women were less
clear, suggesting that women’s smoking may be influenced by factors not in
the models. Women had a low probability of starting to smoke or increasing
smoking if they were never arrested between 18 and 21 years of age. Conclusions: The results for transitioning into increased smoking offer some support for
labeling theory processes. Other findings suggest that arrest may lead to
some men reducing or quitting smoking. Early adulthood arrest may serve to
“shock the system” and contribute to males altering their prior smoking
behavior. Implications: Tobacco use over the life course, particularly across different racial and
ethnic groups, remains understudied. This study contributes to the
literature using a nationally representative sample to examine the effect of
getting arrested in emerging adulthood on cigarette use during subsequent
years. In conducting the study, investigators combined theories and
methodological approaches from 2 complementary disciplines: public health
and criminal justice. Because criminal justice policymakers tend to focus on
issues like ex-offender unemployment, public health officials can provide
guidance regarding the effect of justice system involvement on smoking,
particularly given the adverse health outcomes of using cigarettes.
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11
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Cheung CMM, Vardavas CI, Filippidis FT. Factors associated with abstinence after a recent smoking cessation attempt across 28 European Union member states. Tob Prev Cessat 2020; 7:5. [PMID: 33511319 PMCID: PMC7831377 DOI: 10.18332/tpc/132123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION There is a lack of information regarding factors associated with successful smoking cessation on a population and European Union (EU)-wide level. Our study seeks to explore individual and country-level factors associated with abstinence after a recent smoking cessation attempt across the EU. METHODS We obtained data from the March 2017 Special Eurobarometer 87.1 (n=27901). Regression analysis was performed on a subset of 1472 individuals who made quit attempts in the past 12 months. Sociodemographic, policy and country-level factors were assessed using logistic regression among smokers and ex-smokers who attempted to quit approximately 12 months before the survey date. We defined and examined the Cessation Ratio (ratio of number of recent quitters to those who did not succeed) across 28 EU Member States. RESULTS In all, 14.9% (n=1018) of current smokers and 8.80% (n=454) of ex-smokers attempted to quit in approximately the last 12 months (n=1472). Cessation Ratios ranged from 0.182 (95% CI: 0.045–0.319) in Estonia to 1.060 (95% CI: 0.262–1.860) in Sweden. There is a quadratic, U-shaped relationship between odds of quitting and smoking prevalence. The lowest odds of cessation were observed at a prevalence of 26.3%, with higher odds of cessation observed above and below this point. Respondents who reported financial difficulties were less likely to quit (AOR=0.66; 95% CI: 0.52–0.83). There was no association of likelihood of success with other sociodemographic factors or the Tobacco Control Scale treatment score. CONCLUSIONS These findings highlight a need for exploring reasons behind the variation in likelihood of abstinence following a recent quit attempt, in order to design policies targeted at population groups or countries that need greater support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Mei M Cheung
- Public Health Policy Evaluation Unit, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Filippos T Filippidis
- Public Health Policy Evaluation Unit, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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van den Brand FA, Nagtzaam P, Nagelhout GE, Winkens B, van Schayck CP. The Association of Peer Smoking Behavior and Social Support with Quit Success in Employees Who Participated in a Smoking Cessation Intervention at the Workplace. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16162831. [PMID: 31398854 PMCID: PMC6720923 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16162831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Revised: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The current study investigated whether quit success among employees who participated in a smoking cessation intervention at the workplace was associated with social support from, and the smoking behavior of, people in their environment. Tobacco-smoking employees (n = 604) from 61 companies participated in a workplace group smoking cessation program. Participants completed questionnaires assessing social support from, and the smoking behavior of, people in their social environment. They were also tested for biochemically validated continuous abstinence directly after finishing the training and after 12 months. The data were analyzed using mixed-effects logistic regression analyses. Social support from colleagues was positively associated with 12-month quit success (odds ratio (OR) = 1.85, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.14-3.00, p = 0.013). Support from a partner was positively associated with short-term quit success (OR = 2.01, 95% CI = 1.23-3.30, p = 0.006). Having a higher proportion of smokers in the social environment was negatively associated with long-term abstinence (OR = 0.81, 95% CI = 0.71-0.92, p = 0.002). Compared to having a non-smoking partner, long-term quit success was negatively associated with having no partner (OR = 0.48, 95% CI = 0.26-0.88, p < 0.019), with having a partner who smokes (OR = 0.40, 95% CI = 0.24-0.66, p < 0.001), and with having a partner who used to smoke (OR = 0.47, 95% CI = 0.26-0.86, p = 0.014). In conclusion, people in a smoker's social environment, particularly colleagues, were strongly associated with quit success. The workplace may, therefore, be a favorable setting for smoking cessation interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Floor A van den Brand
- Department of Family Medicine, Maastricht University (CAPHRI), 6229 HA Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - Puck Nagtzaam
- Department of Family Medicine, Maastricht University (CAPHRI), 6229 HA Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Gera E Nagelhout
- Department of Family Medicine, Maastricht University (CAPHRI), 6229 HA Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Health Promotion, Maastricht University (CAPHRI), 6229 HA Maastricht, The Netherlands
- IVO Research Institute, 2595 AA The Hague, The Netherlands
| | - Bjorn Winkens
- Department of Methodology and Statistics, Maastricht University (CAPHRI), 6229 HA Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Constant P van Schayck
- Department of Family Medicine, Maastricht University (CAPHRI), 6229 HA Maastricht, The Netherlands
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Yuan NP, Nair US, Crane TE, Krupski L, Collins BN, Bell ML. Impact of changes in home smoking bans on tobacco cessation among quitline callers. HEALTH EDUCATION RESEARCH 2019; 34:345-355. [PMID: 30932151 PMCID: PMC6510015 DOI: 10.1093/her/cyz008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Home smoking bans may be an effective way to promote tobacco cessation among treatment seeking smokers. Few studies have examined this relationship in a quitline setting. Data were obtained from 14,296 adults who were enrolled in a state quitline between January 2011 and July 2016. This study investigated whether cessation rates varied by changes in home smoking ban implementation between enrollment and 7-month follow-up. The impact of changes in home smoking bans on cessation at follow-up was significantly modified by having other smokers living in the home at follow-up (P < 0.0001). Among callers who did not live with other smokers in the home, the highest odds ratio of 30-day cessation was for callers who reported bans at follow-up only (OR = 10.50, 95%CI: 8.00, 13.70), followed by callers who reported bans at both enrollment and follow-up (OR = 8.02, 95%CI: 6.27, 10.30) and callers who reported bans at enrollment only (OR = 2.06, 95% CI: 1.47, 2.89) compared with callers with no home smoking bans. When callers reported that they lived with other smokers in the home, the effect of home smoking bans on cessation was much smaller. Quitlines should support the implementation of home smoking bans as a part of callers' goal setting activities to achieve tobacco cessation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole P Yuan
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Uma S Nair
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Tracy E Crane
- Division of Biobehavioral Health Sciences, College of Nursing, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Laurie Krupski
- Arizona Smokers’ Helpline, Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Bradley N Collins
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, College of Public Health, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Melanie L Bell
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
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Park SA, Lee DH, Lim HS. Factors Influencing Exposure to Secondhand Smoke: Passive Inhalation in Student Nurses. Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2019; 10:78-84. [PMID: 31065534 PMCID: PMC6481578 DOI: 10.24171/j.phrp.2019.10.2.06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives To examine the factors affecting passive exposure to secondhand smoke (SHS) in non-smoking student nurses. Methods A cross-sectional study was performed in 196 college students who had not smoked cigarettes in the past 12 months. Urinary cotinine levels were examined to identify exposure to SHS, and social factors were identified that influenced exposure to SHS, including requests that smokers extinguish cigarettes. Logistic regression analysis was used to predict the factors influencing SHS. Results Urinary cotinine measurements showed that 32 students (16.3%) were exposed to SHS. Risk factors that increased exposure to SHS affected 80 students (40.8%) in the previous 7 days. Students who were exposed to SHS were 4.45-times more likely to have increased urinary cotinine levels than those who were not exposed. Students who asked others to extinguish their cigarettes were 0.34 times less likely to test positive than those who did not. Conclusion Urinary cotinine was a useful biomarker for identifying exposure to SHS, with respect to the influence of demographic, health-related, and smoking-related factors. In non-smoking nursing students, avoiding exposure to SHS was attributed to self-assertive behavior by requesting smokers to extinguish cigarettes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun-A Park
- Division of Nursing Science, University of Suwon, Hwaseong, Korea
| | - Do-Hoon Lee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Center for Diagnostic Oncology, Research Institute and Hospital, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
| | - Hee-Su Lim
- Department of Nursing, Seoul Women's College of Nursing, Seoul, Korea
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Patten CA, Lando HA, Desnoyers CA, Barrows Y, Klejka J, Decker PA, Hughes CA, Bock MJ, Boyer R, Resnicow K, Burhansstipanov L. The Healthy Pregnancies Project: Study protocol and baseline characteristics for a cluster-randomized controlled trial of a community intervention to reduce tobacco use among Alaska Native pregnant women. Contemp Clin Trials 2019; 78:116-125. [PMID: 30703523 PMCID: PMC6407629 DOI: 10.1016/j.cct.2019.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Revised: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tobacco use prevalence is high among pregnant Alaska Native (AN) women but few interventions have been evaluated for this group. The Healthy Pregnancies Project aims to evaluate a multicomponent intervention for reducing tobacco use during pregnancy and the postpartum period among AN women. This report describes the study protocol and participant baseline characteristics. DESIGN Cluster-randomized controlled trial with village as the unit of assignment. Sixteen villages in rural southwest Alaska were stratified on village size and randomized to a multicomponent intervention (n = 8 villages) or usual care (n = 8 villages). METHODS Pregnant AN women from the study villages were enrolled. All participants receive the usual care provided to pregnant women in this region. Participants from intervention villages additionally receive individual phone counseling on healthy pregnancies plus a social marketing campaign targeting the entire community delivered by local AN "Native Sisters." Baseline measurements for all enrolled pregnant women have been completed. Follow-up assessments are ongoing at delivery, and at 2 and 6 months postpartum. The primary outcome is biochemically verified tobacco use status at 6 months postpartum. RESULTS Recruitment was feasible with 73% of eligible women screened enrolled. The program reached more than half (56%) of AN pregnant women from the study villages during the recruitment period. Participants are N = 352 pregnant AN women, 188 enrolled from intervention villages and 164 from control villages. At baseline, participants' mean (SD) age was 25.8 (5.0) years, they were at 26.8 (9.8) weeks gestation, and 66.5% were current tobacco users. DISCUSSION Processes and products from this project may have relevance to other Native American populations aiming to focus on healthy pregnancies in their communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christi A Patten
- Mayo Clinic, Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, BioBusiness Bldg 5-26, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
| | - Harry A Lando
- University of Minnesota, 1300 2(nd) St, Ste 200, Minneapolis, MN 55454, USA.
| | - Chris A Desnoyers
- Yukon-Kuskokwim Health Corporation, 528 Chief Eddie Hoffman Hwy, Bethel, AK 99559, USA.
| | - Yvette Barrows
- Yukon-Kuskokwim Health Corporation, 528 Chief Eddie Hoffman Hwy, Bethel, AK 99559, USA.
| | - Joseph Klejka
- Yukon-Kuskokwim Health Corporation, 528 Chief Eddie Hoffman Hwy, Bethel, AK 99559, USA.
| | - Paul A Decker
- Mayo Clinic, Department of Health Sciences Research, Harwick 7, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
| | - Christine A Hughes
- Mayo Clinic, Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, BioBusiness Bldg 5-26, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
| | - Martha J Bock
- Mayo Clinic, Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, BioBusiness Bldg 5-26, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
| | - Rahnia Boyer
- Yukon-Kuskokwim Health Corporation, 528 Chief Eddie Hoffman Hwy, Bethel, AK 99559, USA.
| | - Kenneth Resnicow
- University of Michigan, 109 S. Observatory, 3867 SPH1, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
| | - Linda Burhansstipanov
- Native American Cancer Initiatives, Inc., 3022 South Nova Road, Pine, CO 80470, USA.
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Thomas DP, Davey ME, van der Sterren AE, Lyons L, Hunt JM, Bennet PT. Social networks and quitting in a national cohort of Australian Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander smokers. Drug Alcohol Rev 2019; 38:82-91. [DOI: 10.1111/dar.12891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Revised: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David P. Thomas
- Tobacco Control Research, Menzies School of Health Research; Charles Darwin University; Darwin Australia
| | - Maureen E. Davey
- Aboriginal Health Service; Tasmanian Aboriginal Centre; Hobart Australia
| | | | - Louise Lyons
- Public Health and Research, Victorian Aboriginal Community Controlled Health Organisation; Melbourne Australia
| | | | - Pele T. Bennet
- Health Programs, Sector Development; Queensland Aboriginal and Islander Health Council; Brisbane Australia
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Implementation phase of the Tobacco-Free Parks Ordinance: a policy evaluation using photographic data. Public Health 2018; 167:1-7. [PMID: 30502566 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2018.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Revised: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Mecklenburg County (Charlotte, North Carolina) Board of County Commissioners took the unique step of passing a Tobacco-Free Parks Ordinance designating most county parks as tobacco-free including all smoking products, smokeless tobacco, and e-cigarettes. The objective of the baseline phase of the Ordinance evaluation sought to assess whether signage in the parks was associated with the presence of tobacco-use litter. STUDY DESIGN A qualitative study was conducted with photography as the method of observation across Mecklenburg County parks in North Carolina. METHODS A representative sample of 42 parks was selected from the 186 county park properties. Photographs were taken at a list of specific types of locations within each park, with attention to signage and tobacco-use litter (butts, e-cigarette). RESULTS Tobacco-use evidence was mostly found in parks' picnic areas (67%) and walking trails (67%), with least found in parks' athletic courts (23%). At least 80% of parks have some tobacco litter. Evidence of tobacco use was not significantly associated with signage. CONCLUSION Little research has focused on the effect of local public policies limiting tobacco use in public outdoor spaces. Findings from this evaluation have potential to inform policy implementation efforts regarding efforts to limit tobacco use in public spaces.
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Patten CA, Lando H, Resnicow K, Decker PA, Smith CM, Hanza MM, Burhansstipanov L, Scott M. Developing health communication messaging for a social marketing campaign to reduce tobacco use in pregnancy among Alaska Native women. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 11:252-262. [PMID: 31548863 DOI: 10.1080/17538068.2018.1495929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Background Despite the high prevalence of tobacco use during pregnancy among Alaska Native and American Indian (AI/AN) women, few efforts have focused on developing tobacco cessation interventions for this group. This paper describes development of messaging for a social media campaign targeting the entire community to reduce tobacco use in pregnancy (cigarette smoking and smokeless tobacco use including a homemade product known as Iqmik) among AN women, as part of a multi-component intervention. Method The study (clinical trial registration #NCT02083081) used mixed methods with two rounds of assessments to develop and refine culturally relevant message appeals. Round 1 used qualitative focus groups and individual interviews (N=60), and Round 2 used quantitative survey interviews (N=52). Each round purposively sampled adult AN pregnant women, family/friends, and Elders in Western Alaska, and included tobacco users and non-users. Round 1 also assessed reasons for tobacco use in pregnancy. Results Qualitative findings generally converged with quantitative results to indicate that many participants preferred factual, loss-framed, visual concepts on how maternal tobacco use harms the fetus, newborn, and child; in contrast to spiritual or emotional appeals, or gain-framed messaging. Stress was indicated as a major reason for tobacco use in pregnancy and strategies to manage stress along with other health pregnancy targets (e.g., prenatal care) were suggested. Conclusions This preliminary study suggests campaign messages targeting the entire community to reduce tobacco use in pregnancy among rural AN women should include factual messaging for being tobacco-free as well as focus on reducing stress and other healthy pregnancy targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christi A Patten
- Mayo Clinic, Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, BioBusiness Bldg 5-26, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, ,
| | - Harry Lando
- University of Minnesota, 1300 2 St, Ste 200, Minneapolis, MN 55454, ,
| | - Kenneth Resnicow
- University of Michigan, 109 S. Observatory, 3867 SPH1, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, ,
| | - Paul A Decker
- Mayo Clinic, Department of Health Sciences Research, Harwick 7, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, ,
| | - Christina M Smith
- Mayo Clinic, Department of Health Sciences Research, Harwick 7, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, ,
| | - Marcelo M Hanza
- Mayo Clinic, Department of Development, Gonda Building, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, ,
| | | | - Matthew Scott
- Yukon Kuskokwim Health Corporation, P.O. Box 528, Bethel, AK 99559-0528, ,
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Wintemberg J, Yu M, Caman OK. Health Warnings, Smoking Rules, and Smoking Status: A Cross-National Comparison of Turkey and the United States. Subst Use Misuse 2018; 53:963-971. [PMID: 29172930 DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2017.1387566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to compare the prevalence of smoking status (i.e., current, former and never) between the United States and Turkey in terms of age and gender, and examine how smoking rules and health warnings are associated with smoking status within and between the two countries. METHODS The study used data from the 2012-2013 National Adult Tobacco Survey (U.S. sample, N = 60,196) and the 2012 Global Adult Tobacco Survey (Turkey sample, N = 9,581). SAS PROC SURVEYLOGISTIC with a weighted variable was used to examine the associations between demographics (age, gender and education), smoking rules, health warnings, and smoking status within and between the two countries. RESULTS There was an 18% current smoking prevalence among U.S. sample, compared to 27% of the Turkey sample. The U.S. sample had a higher rate of former smoking compared to the Turkey sample (25% vs. 22%). In both countries, being older and male gender predicted former smoking while being younger and female gender predicted never smoking. Having seen a health warning, and not allowing smoking in the vehicle and home positively predicted former and never smoking status. Higher education predicted both smoking statuses in the U.S. only. CONCLUSIONS It is important to work with partners particularly in low- and middle-income countries (e.g., Turkey) to combat the global tobacco epidemic. In both counties, cessation endeavors should emphasize a comprehensive understanding of smoking status in terms of smoking rules in personal spaces and health warnings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenna Wintemberg
- a Department of Health Sciences , University of Missouri-Columbia , Columbia , Missouri , USA
| | - Mansoo Yu
- b School of Social Work, Public Health Program , University of Missouri-Columbia , Columbia , Missouri , USA
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Wintemberg J, McElroy JA, Ge B, Everett KD. Can Smoke-Free Policies Reduce Tobacco Use Disparities of Sexual and Gender Minorities in Missouri? Nicotine Tob Res 2017; 19:1308-1314. [DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntx078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2016] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
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Vuolo M, Kadowaki J, Kelly BC. A Multilevel Test of Constrained Choices Theory: The Case of Tobacco Clean Air Restrictions. JOURNAL OF HEALTH AND SOCIAL BEHAVIOR 2016; 57:351-372. [PMID: 27601410 DOI: 10.1177/0022146516653790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
According to Bird and Rieker's sociology of constrained choices, decisions and priorities concerning health are shaped by the contexts-including policy, community, and work/family-in which they are formulated. While each level received attention in the original and subsequent research, we contend their constrained choices theory provides a powerful multilevel framework for modeling health outcomes. We apply this framework to tobacco clean air restrictions, combining a comprehensive database of tobacco policies with the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1997 from ages 19 to 31. Using multilevel panel models, we find that clean air policies lower the odds of past 30 day smoking and dependence while controlling for other policy-, city-, and individual-level constraints. We also find unique between- and within-person effects, as well as gender effects, for the constraint levied by smoking bans. We argue for the theory's broad applicability beyond commonly cited findings regarding gender and biological influences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mike Vuolo
- Department of Sociology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Joy Kadowaki
- Department of Sociology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Brian C Kelly
- Department of Sociology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
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Kelishadi R, Shahsanai A, Qorbani M, Esmaeil Motlagh M, Jari M, Ardalan G, Ansari H, Asayesh H, Heshmat R. Tobacco Use and Influencing Factors Among Iranian Children and Adolescents at National and Subnational Levels, According to Socioeconomic Status: The Caspian-IV Study. IRANIAN RED CRESCENT MEDICAL JOURNAL 2016; 18:e21858. [PMID: 27437120 PMCID: PMC4939238 DOI: 10.5812/ircmj.21858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2014] [Revised: 01/14/2015] [Accepted: 03/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Background Iran is facing an epidemiologic transition, with one of its features being the tendency towards smoking by adolescents. The findings of previous studies in Iran have shown that the pervasiveness of tobacco products among school students is high. No previous study has reported the prevalence and determinants of smoking in various socioeconomic statuses (SESs) and at the subnational level in Iran. Objectives To compare the prevalence of smoking and the factors that influence the initiation and continuation of tobacco use in a nationally representative sample of Iranian adolescents living in different regions with diverse socio-demographic patterns. Patients and Methods This nationwide, cross-sectional study was conducted in 2011 - 2012 among 14,880 students, aged 6 - 18 years, selected by cluster sampling from 30 provinces. Anonymous questionnaires were completed about tobacco use and the main psychological determinants of initiation and continuation to smoke. The questionnaire was modeled on the world health organization global school-based student health survey (WHO-GSHS). The sub-national regions were defined by the criteria of geography combined with SES. According to this classification, the lowest to highest SESs were considered for the southeast, north-northeast, west, and central regions, respectively. Data were analyzed using the STATA statistical software package. Results Overall, 13,486 students completed this survey (participation rate of 90.6%). They consisted of 50.8% boys, 75.6% urban residents, with a mean age of 12.47 ± 3.36 years. According to the self-report of students, 2.6 % (3.5% of boys and 1.7% of girls) were current smokers, and5.9% (7.5% of boys and 4.2% of girls) had ever been smokers. The current use of tobacco was higher in participants aged 14 - 18 years (6.11%) than in those aged 10 - 13.9 years (1.18%) and 6 - 9.9 years (0.51%). Current and past tobacco use, respectively, had the lowest prevalence in the region with the lowest SES (2.2%, 3.7%) and the greatest prevalence in the highest SES region (4.3%, 8.9%). Entertainment was the most common reason for smoking initiation (83.65% of smokers) and continuation (77.01% of smokers), followed by feelings of pleasure, and enjoying the tobacco smell. These influencing factors did not differ significantly according to SES or gender. Conclusions Smoking is a health problem for Iranian adolescents, and has a higher prevalence in areas with higher SES. Entertainment and feeling pleasure were the commonest reasons for initiation and continuation of smoking. Tobacco-control programs should begin from childhood and family-centered preventive counseling should be intensified in Iran.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roya Kelishadi
- Child Growth and Development Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Diseases, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, IR Iran
| | - Armindokht Shahsanai
- Child Growth and Development Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Diseases, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, IR Iran
- Department of Community Medicine, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, IR Iran
| | - Mostafa Qorbani
- Department of Community Medicine, School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, IR Iran
- Chronic Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
- Corresponding Authors: Mostafa Qorbani, Department of Community Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, IR Iran. E-mail: ; Ramin Heshmat, Chronic Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran. E-mail:
| | | | - Mohsen Jari
- Child Growth and Development Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Diseases, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, IR Iran
| | - Gelayol Ardalan
- Child Growth and Development Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Diseases, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, IR Iran
| | - Hossein Ansari
- Health Promotion Research Center, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, IR Iran
| | - Hamid Asayesh
- Department of Medical Emergency, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, IR Iran
| | - Ramin Heshmat
- Chronic Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
- Corresponding Authors: Mostafa Qorbani, Department of Community Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, IR Iran. E-mail: ; Ramin Heshmat, Chronic Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran. E-mail:
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Vijayaraghavan M, Pierce JP. Interest in Smoking Cessation Related to a Smoke-Free Policy Among Homeless Adults. J Community Health 2016; 40:686-91. [PMID: 25559109 DOI: 10.1007/s10900-014-9985-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Homeless adults have among the highest rates of cigarette smoking. Few studies have explored the potential of smoke-free policies as facilitators of smoking cessation or harm reduction among sheltered homeless adults. We focused on clients of a homeless shelter in San Diego, California. The facility prohibited smoking indoors and outdoors within five blocks of the building, and permitted smoking during four smoking breaks during the day in designated smoking zones away from the building. Current and former smokers who were residents of the facility were interviewed on smoking behaviors and attitudes toward these policies. Of the 170 ever smokers, 75.3% were current smokers. The average daily cigarette consumption was 6.6 cigarettes per day (SD 4.3). More than half of the participants (57.8%) attempted to quit smoking in the past year. Of the current smokers, three-fourths agreed that the facility policies were associated with their reduced consumption, and about half agreed that the policies were associated with either making a quit attempt or getting ready to quit completely. Sixty percent agreed that further restrictions on smoking, beyond the current policies, would be associated with increased interest in quitting smoking completely. Less than 10% agreed that they were unhappy to stay in the facility because of the policies. Findings suggest that smoke-free policies may not influence occupancy rates in shelters serving clientele with high rates of cigarette smoking. Smoke-free policies in homeless service settings present an important and un-tapped opportunity to reduce smoking behaviors among homeless adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maya Vijayaraghavan
- Family Medicine and Public Health, Cancer Prevention and Control Division, Moores UCSD Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, 3855 Health Sciences Drive, MC 0901, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, 92093-0901, USA,
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The Association of Exposure to Point-of-Sale Tobacco Marketing with Quit Attempt and Quit Success: Results from a Prospective Study of Smokers in the United States. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2016; 13:203. [PMID: 26861379 PMCID: PMC4772223 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph13020203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The aim was to assess the association of exposure to point-of-sale (POS) tobacco marketing with quit attempt and quit success in a prospective study of smokers in the United States. Data were collected via telephone-interview on exposure to POS tobacco marketing, sociodemographic and smoking-related variables from 999 smokers in Omaha, Nebraska, in the United States. Exposure to POS tobacco marketing was measured by asking respondents three questions about noticing pack displays, advertisements, and promotions in their respective neighborhoods stores. These three variables were combined into a scale of exposure to POS tobacco marketing. About 68% of the respondents participated in a six-month follow-up phone interview and provided data on quit attempts and smoking cessation. At the six-month follow-up, 39.9% of respondents reported to have made a quit attempt, and 21.8% of those who made a quit attempt succeeded in quitting. Exposure to POS marketing at baseline was not associated with the probability of having made a quit attempt as reported at the six-month follow-up (p = 0.129). However, higher exposure to POS marketing was associated with a lower probability of quit success among smokers who reported to have attempted to quit smoking at six-month follow-up (p = 0.006). Exposure to POS tobacco marketing is associated with lower chances of successfully quitting smoking. Policies that reduce the amount of exposure to POS marketing might result in higher smoking cessation rates.
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Castaldelli-Maia JM, Ventriglio A, Bhugra D. Tobacco smoking: From 'glamour' to 'stigma'. A comprehensive review. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2016; 70:24-33. [PMID: 26449875 DOI: 10.1111/pcn.12365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
In this narrative review, we explore the history of tobacco smoking, its associations and portrayal of its use with luxury and glamour in the past, and intriguingly, its subsequent transformation into a mass consumption industrialized product encouraged by advertising and film. Then, we describe the next phase where tobacco in parts of the world has become an unwanted product. However, the number of smokers is still increasing, especially in new markets, and increasingly younger individuals are being attracted to it, despite the well-known health consequences of tobacco use. We also explore current smoking behaviors, looking at trends in the prevalence of consumption throughout the world, discrimination against smokers, light and/or intermittent smokers, and the electronic cigarette (e-cigarette). We place these changes in the context of neuroscience, which may help explain why the cognitive effects of smoking can be important reinforcers for its consumption despite strong anti-smoking pressure in Western countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Mauricio Castaldelli-Maia
- Department and Institute of Psychiatry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Neuroscience, Medical School, ABC Foundation, Santo André, Brazil
| | - Antonio Ventriglio
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
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Ploug T, Holm S, Gjerris M. The stigmatization dilemma in public health policy--the case of MRSA in Denmark. BMC Public Health 2015; 15:640. [PMID: 26162599 PMCID: PMC4499224 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-015-2004-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2015] [Accepted: 06/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multi-resistant bacteria pose an increasing and significant public health risk. As awareness of the severity of the problem grows, it is likely that it will become the target for a range of public health interventions. Some of these can intentionally or unintentionally lead to stigmatization of groups of citizens. DISCUSSION The article describes the phenomenon of stigmatization within the health care area by discussing the concept in relation to AIDS and psychiatric diagnosis. It unfolds the ethical aspects of using stigmatization as a public health instrument to affect unwanted behaviours e.g. smoking. Moreover it discusses stigmatization as an unintended albeit expected side effect of public health instruments potentially used to counter the challenge of multi-resistant bacteria with particular reference to the Danish case of the growing problems with Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) within pig production. We argue that using stigmatization as a direct means to achieve public health outcomes is almost always ethically illegitimate. Autonomy and dignity considerations count against it, and the cost-benefit analysis that might by some be taken to outweigh these considerations will be fundamentally uncertain. We further argue that interventions where stigmatization is a side-effect need to fulfil requirements of proportionality, and that they may fall prey to 'the stigmatization dilemma', i.e. the dilemma that arises when all policy options are potentially stigmatizing but stigmatize different groups. When this dilemma obtains the decision-maker should choose the intervention that does not lead to permanent stigmatization and that stigmatizes as few as possible, as briefly as possible, and as little as possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Ploug
- Centre for Applied Ethics and Philosophy of Science, Department of Communication, Aalborg University Copenhagen, A C Meyers Vænge 15, 2450, Kbh SV, Denmark.
| | - Søren Holm
- Centre for Social Ethics and Policy, School of Law, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK. .,Center for Medical Ethics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Mickey Gjerris
- Section for Consumption, Bioethics and Governance, Department of Food and Resource Economics, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 25, DK-1958, Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
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Nicholson AK, Borland R, Sterren AE, Bennet PT, Stevens M, Thomas DP. Social acceptability and desirability of smoking in a national sample of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people. Med J Aust 2015; 202:S57-62. [DOI: 10.5694/mja14.01534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2014] [Accepted: 03/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Pele T Bennet
- Queensland Aboriginal and Islander Health Council, Brisbane, QLD
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Xu X, Liu L, Sharma M, Zhao Y. Smoking-related knowledge, attitudes, behaviors, smoking cessation idea and education level among young adult male smokers in Chongqing, China. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2015; 12:2135-49. [PMID: 25689992 PMCID: PMC4344716 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph120202135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2014] [Revised: 01/12/2015] [Accepted: 02/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In 2012 in China, 52.9% of men were reported to smoke while only 2.4% of women smoked. This study explored the smoking-related Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices (KAP) among young adult male smokers. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted in four municipal areas of Chongqing using a questionnaire administered to 536 natives young male smokers aged 18-45 years old. RESULTS The total score of smoking cognition, the total score of smoking attitude and the total score of positive behavior to quit smoking was significantly different among the three groups by education. Besides, 30.97% of male smokers never seriously thought about quitting smoking. Logistic regression analysis found smoking-related knowledge, attitudes, behaviors and sociodemographic factors affect having smoking cessation idea. But no statistically significant correlation was observed between smoking cognition and positive behavior to quit smoking in a sample of higher education. No statistically significant correlation was observed between smoking cognition and positive behavior to quit smoking (Pearson correlation coefficient = 0.03012, p = 0.6811), and also no statistically significant correlation was observed between smoking cognition and positive behavior to quit smoking (Pearson correlation coefficient = 0.08869, p = 0.2364) in the sample of higher education young adult males CONCLUSIONS Young adult males with higher education have a better knowledge of smoking hazards and a more positive attitude toward smoking, however, this knowledge and attitude do not necessarily translate into health behavioral outcomes such as not smoking. Overall the present findings indicate that no statistically significant correlation between the education level and quitting smoking idea exists among young adult male smokers in China. This survey gives a snapshot of the impact of education on smoking-related KAP among young adults male smokers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianglong Xu
- School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
- Research Center for Medicine and Social Development, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
- The Innovation Center for Social Risk Governance in Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
| | - Lingli Liu
- School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
- Research Center for Medicine and Social Development, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
- The Innovation Center for Social Risk Governance in Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
| | - Manoj Sharma
- Department of Behavioral and Environmental Health, Jackson State University, Jackson 39213, USA.
| | - Yong Zhao
- School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
- Research Center for Medicine and Social Development, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
- The Innovation Center for Social Risk Governance in Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
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Aschbrenner KA, Ferron JC, Mueser KT, Bartels SJ, Brunette MF. Social predictors of cessation treatment use among smokers with serious mental illness. Addict Behav 2015; 41:169-74. [PMID: 25452062 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2014.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2014] [Revised: 10/11/2014] [Accepted: 10/20/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Social factors play an important role in quitting smoking in the general population, but relatively little is known about social influences on smoking cessation efforts among individuals with serious mental illness who suffer disproportionately high rates of smoking. This study examined social factors as predictors of using smoking cessation treatment among adults with serious mental illness. METHODS We conducted a secondary analysis of data from a randomized study comparing two versions of a motivational decision support system for smoking cessation treatment including 124 smokers with schizophrenia or severe mood disorders. Hierarchical logistic regression with blocked entry of theoretically linked predictor variables was used to model two types of social influences (explicit and implicit) as predictors of using cessation group therapy or smoking cessation medication. RESULTS Approximately 31% of participants initiated smoking cessation treatment during the 2-month follow-up. Hierarchical logistic regression analyses revealed that over and above demographic and personal factors, implicit social influences (others' approval of treatment) significantly predicted use of smoking cessation medication, while explicit social influences (smoking with others) significantly predicted use of cessation group therapy. CONCLUSIONS For people with serious mental illness, social factors appear to influence use of smoking cessation treatment above and beyond personal factors and may be specific to the type of treatment. These data support the need to further explore the role of social factors as potential leverage points for engagement in smoking cessation treatments in this population.
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Hitchman SC, Fong GT, Zanna MP, Thrasher JF, Laux FL. The relation between number of smoking friends, and quit intentions, attempts, and success: findings from the International Tobacco Control (ITC) Four Country Survey. PSYCHOLOGY OF ADDICTIVE BEHAVIORS 2014; 28:1144-52. [PMID: 24841185 PMCID: PMC4266625 DOI: 10.1037/a0036483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Smokers who inhabit social contexts with a greater number of smokers may be exposed to more positive norms toward smoking and more cues to smoke. This study examines the relation between number of smoking friends and changes in number of smoking friends, and smoking cessation outcomes. Data were drawn from Wave 1 (2002) and Wave 2 (2003) of the International Tobacco Control (ITC) Project Four Country Survey, a longitudinal cohort survey of nationally representative samples of adult smokers in Australia, Canada, United Kingdom, and United States (N = 6,321). Smokers with fewer smoking friends at Wave 1 were more likely to intend to quit at Wave 1 and were more likely to succeed in their attempts to quit at Wave 2. Compared with smokers who experienced no change in their number of smoking friends, smokers who lost smoking friends were more likely to intend to quit at Wave 2, attempt to quit between Wave 1 and Wave 2, and succeed in their quit attempts at Wave 2. Smokers who inhabit social contexts with a greater number of smokers may be less likely to successfully quit. Quitting may be particularly unlikely among smokers who do not experience a loss in the number of smokers in their social context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara C. Hitchman
- Department of Psychology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Geoffrey T. Fong
- Department of Psychology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
- School of Public Health and Health Systems, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
- Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mark P. Zanna
- Department of Psychology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - James F. Thrasher
- Department of Health Promotion, Education, and Behavior, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, United States
| | - Fritz L. Laux
- Department of Economics, Northeastern State University, Tallequah, Oklahoma, United States
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Moreno-Arnedillo J, Morante-Benadero M, Sánchez-Vegazo-Sánchez E. El tiempo previo de abstinencia como factor predictor a los 12 meses en un programa multicomponente para dejar de fumar. Semergen 2014; 40:436-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semerg.2013.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2013] [Accepted: 12/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Merson F, Perriot J, Underner M, Peiffer G, Fieulaine N. [Smoking cessation and social deprivation]. Rev Mal Respir 2014; 31:916-36. [PMID: 25496789 DOI: 10.1016/j.rmr.2013.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2013] [Accepted: 12/28/2013] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Smoking is a major of public health policy issue; one in two lifelong smokers will die from a disease related to tobacco use. In France, smoking is responsible for more than 70,000 deaths every year. The benefits linked to stopping smoking include reduced mortality and morbidity related to the use of tobacco. Recent data show an increase in the prevalence of smoking in the lowest socioeconomic population. Tobacco control needs a better understanding of the determinants of smoking in this population, which are also factors in the failure of cessation attempts. Based on international literature, this review specifies the educational and socioeconomic factors involved in tobacco smoking and in the result of an attempt to quit. Its aim is to propose ways to improve the management of smoking cessation in a socially deprived population.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Merson
- Dispensaire Emile-Roux, centre d'aide à l'arrêt du tabagisme, centre de lutte antituberculeuse (CLAT 63), 11, rue Vaucanson, 63100 Clermont-Ferrand, France; Laboratoire GRePS, institut de psychologie, université de Lyon-2, 69676 Bron, France.
| | - J Perriot
- Dispensaire Emile-Roux, centre d'aide à l'arrêt du tabagisme, centre de lutte antituberculeuse (CLAT 63), 11, rue Vaucanson, 63100 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - M Underner
- Service de pneumologie, unité de tabacologie, centre de lutte antituberculeuse (CLAT 86), CHU de Poitiers, 86021 Poitiers, France
| | - G Peiffer
- Service de pneumologie, unité de tabacologie, CHR de Metz-Thionville, 57038 Metz, France
| | - N Fieulaine
- Laboratoire GRePS, institut de psychologie, université de Lyon-2, 69676 Bron, France
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Eng L, Su J, Qiu X, Palepu PR, Hon H, Fadhel E, Harland L, La Delfa A, Habbous S, Kashigar A, Cuffe S, Shepherd FA, Leighl NB, Pierre AF, Selby P, Goldstein DP, Xu W, Liu G. Second-Hand Smoke As a Predictor of Smoking Cessation Among Lung Cancer Survivors. J Clin Oncol 2014; 32:564-70. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2013.50.9695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Second-hand smoke (SHS; ie, exposure to smoking of friends and spouses in the household) reduces the likelihood of smoking cessation in noncancer populations. We assessed whether SHS is associated with cessation rates in lung cancer survivors. Patients and Methods Patients with lung cancer were recruited from Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada. Multivariable logistic regression and Cox proportional hazard models evaluated the association of sociodemographics, clinicopathologic variables, and SHS with either smoking cessation or time to quitting. Results In all, 721 patients completed baseline and follow-up questionnaires with a mean follow-up time of 54 months. Of the 242 current smokers at diagnosis, 136 (56%) had quit 1 year after diagnosis. Exposure to smoking at home (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 6.18; 95% CI, 2.83 to 13.5; P < .001), spousal smoking (aOR, 6.01; 95% CI, 2.63 to 13.8; P < .001), and peer smoking (aOR, 2.49; 95% CI, 1.33 to 4.66; P = .0043) were each associated with decreased rates of cessation. Individuals exposed to smoking in all three settings had the lowest chances of quitting (aOR, 9.57; 95% CI, 2.50 to 36.64; P < .001). Results were similar in time-to-quitting analysis, in which 68% of patients who eventually quit did so within 6 months after cancer diagnosis. Subgroup analysis revealed similar associations across early- and late-stage patients and between sexes. Conclusion SHS is an important factor associated with smoking cessation in lung cancer survivors of all stages and should be a key consideration when developing smoking cessation programs for patients with lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lawson Eng
- Lawson Eng, Jie Su, Xin Qiu, Prakruthi R. Palepu, Henrique Hon, Ehab Fadhel, Luke Harland, Anthony La Delfa, Steven Habbous, Aidin Kashigar, Sinead Cuffe, Frances A. Shepherd, Natasha B. Leighl, Andrew F. Pierre, David P. Goldstein, Wei Xu, and Geoffrey Liu, Princess Margaret Hospital/Ontario Cancer Institute/University Health Network, University of Toronto; Peter Selby, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jie Su
- Lawson Eng, Jie Su, Xin Qiu, Prakruthi R. Palepu, Henrique Hon, Ehab Fadhel, Luke Harland, Anthony La Delfa, Steven Habbous, Aidin Kashigar, Sinead Cuffe, Frances A. Shepherd, Natasha B. Leighl, Andrew F. Pierre, David P. Goldstein, Wei Xu, and Geoffrey Liu, Princess Margaret Hospital/Ontario Cancer Institute/University Health Network, University of Toronto; Peter Selby, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Xin Qiu
- Lawson Eng, Jie Su, Xin Qiu, Prakruthi R. Palepu, Henrique Hon, Ehab Fadhel, Luke Harland, Anthony La Delfa, Steven Habbous, Aidin Kashigar, Sinead Cuffe, Frances A. Shepherd, Natasha B. Leighl, Andrew F. Pierre, David P. Goldstein, Wei Xu, and Geoffrey Liu, Princess Margaret Hospital/Ontario Cancer Institute/University Health Network, University of Toronto; Peter Selby, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Prakruthi R. Palepu
- Lawson Eng, Jie Su, Xin Qiu, Prakruthi R. Palepu, Henrique Hon, Ehab Fadhel, Luke Harland, Anthony La Delfa, Steven Habbous, Aidin Kashigar, Sinead Cuffe, Frances A. Shepherd, Natasha B. Leighl, Andrew F. Pierre, David P. Goldstein, Wei Xu, and Geoffrey Liu, Princess Margaret Hospital/Ontario Cancer Institute/University Health Network, University of Toronto; Peter Selby, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Henrique Hon
- Lawson Eng, Jie Su, Xin Qiu, Prakruthi R. Palepu, Henrique Hon, Ehab Fadhel, Luke Harland, Anthony La Delfa, Steven Habbous, Aidin Kashigar, Sinead Cuffe, Frances A. Shepherd, Natasha B. Leighl, Andrew F. Pierre, David P. Goldstein, Wei Xu, and Geoffrey Liu, Princess Margaret Hospital/Ontario Cancer Institute/University Health Network, University of Toronto; Peter Selby, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ehab Fadhel
- Lawson Eng, Jie Su, Xin Qiu, Prakruthi R. Palepu, Henrique Hon, Ehab Fadhel, Luke Harland, Anthony La Delfa, Steven Habbous, Aidin Kashigar, Sinead Cuffe, Frances A. Shepherd, Natasha B. Leighl, Andrew F. Pierre, David P. Goldstein, Wei Xu, and Geoffrey Liu, Princess Margaret Hospital/Ontario Cancer Institute/University Health Network, University of Toronto; Peter Selby, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Luke Harland
- Lawson Eng, Jie Su, Xin Qiu, Prakruthi R. Palepu, Henrique Hon, Ehab Fadhel, Luke Harland, Anthony La Delfa, Steven Habbous, Aidin Kashigar, Sinead Cuffe, Frances A. Shepherd, Natasha B. Leighl, Andrew F. Pierre, David P. Goldstein, Wei Xu, and Geoffrey Liu, Princess Margaret Hospital/Ontario Cancer Institute/University Health Network, University of Toronto; Peter Selby, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Anthony La Delfa
- Lawson Eng, Jie Su, Xin Qiu, Prakruthi R. Palepu, Henrique Hon, Ehab Fadhel, Luke Harland, Anthony La Delfa, Steven Habbous, Aidin Kashigar, Sinead Cuffe, Frances A. Shepherd, Natasha B. Leighl, Andrew F. Pierre, David P. Goldstein, Wei Xu, and Geoffrey Liu, Princess Margaret Hospital/Ontario Cancer Institute/University Health Network, University of Toronto; Peter Selby, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Steven Habbous
- Lawson Eng, Jie Su, Xin Qiu, Prakruthi R. Palepu, Henrique Hon, Ehab Fadhel, Luke Harland, Anthony La Delfa, Steven Habbous, Aidin Kashigar, Sinead Cuffe, Frances A. Shepherd, Natasha B. Leighl, Andrew F. Pierre, David P. Goldstein, Wei Xu, and Geoffrey Liu, Princess Margaret Hospital/Ontario Cancer Institute/University Health Network, University of Toronto; Peter Selby, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Aidin Kashigar
- Lawson Eng, Jie Su, Xin Qiu, Prakruthi R. Palepu, Henrique Hon, Ehab Fadhel, Luke Harland, Anthony La Delfa, Steven Habbous, Aidin Kashigar, Sinead Cuffe, Frances A. Shepherd, Natasha B. Leighl, Andrew F. Pierre, David P. Goldstein, Wei Xu, and Geoffrey Liu, Princess Margaret Hospital/Ontario Cancer Institute/University Health Network, University of Toronto; Peter Selby, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sinead Cuffe
- Lawson Eng, Jie Su, Xin Qiu, Prakruthi R. Palepu, Henrique Hon, Ehab Fadhel, Luke Harland, Anthony La Delfa, Steven Habbous, Aidin Kashigar, Sinead Cuffe, Frances A. Shepherd, Natasha B. Leighl, Andrew F. Pierre, David P. Goldstein, Wei Xu, and Geoffrey Liu, Princess Margaret Hospital/Ontario Cancer Institute/University Health Network, University of Toronto; Peter Selby, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Frances A. Shepherd
- Lawson Eng, Jie Su, Xin Qiu, Prakruthi R. Palepu, Henrique Hon, Ehab Fadhel, Luke Harland, Anthony La Delfa, Steven Habbous, Aidin Kashigar, Sinead Cuffe, Frances A. Shepherd, Natasha B. Leighl, Andrew F. Pierre, David P. Goldstein, Wei Xu, and Geoffrey Liu, Princess Margaret Hospital/Ontario Cancer Institute/University Health Network, University of Toronto; Peter Selby, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Natasha B. Leighl
- Lawson Eng, Jie Su, Xin Qiu, Prakruthi R. Palepu, Henrique Hon, Ehab Fadhel, Luke Harland, Anthony La Delfa, Steven Habbous, Aidin Kashigar, Sinead Cuffe, Frances A. Shepherd, Natasha B. Leighl, Andrew F. Pierre, David P. Goldstein, Wei Xu, and Geoffrey Liu, Princess Margaret Hospital/Ontario Cancer Institute/University Health Network, University of Toronto; Peter Selby, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Andrew F. Pierre
- Lawson Eng, Jie Su, Xin Qiu, Prakruthi R. Palepu, Henrique Hon, Ehab Fadhel, Luke Harland, Anthony La Delfa, Steven Habbous, Aidin Kashigar, Sinead Cuffe, Frances A. Shepherd, Natasha B. Leighl, Andrew F. Pierre, David P. Goldstein, Wei Xu, and Geoffrey Liu, Princess Margaret Hospital/Ontario Cancer Institute/University Health Network, University of Toronto; Peter Selby, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Peter Selby
- Lawson Eng, Jie Su, Xin Qiu, Prakruthi R. Palepu, Henrique Hon, Ehab Fadhel, Luke Harland, Anthony La Delfa, Steven Habbous, Aidin Kashigar, Sinead Cuffe, Frances A. Shepherd, Natasha B. Leighl, Andrew F. Pierre, David P. Goldstein, Wei Xu, and Geoffrey Liu, Princess Margaret Hospital/Ontario Cancer Institute/University Health Network, University of Toronto; Peter Selby, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - David P. Goldstein
- Lawson Eng, Jie Su, Xin Qiu, Prakruthi R. Palepu, Henrique Hon, Ehab Fadhel, Luke Harland, Anthony La Delfa, Steven Habbous, Aidin Kashigar, Sinead Cuffe, Frances A. Shepherd, Natasha B. Leighl, Andrew F. Pierre, David P. Goldstein, Wei Xu, and Geoffrey Liu, Princess Margaret Hospital/Ontario Cancer Institute/University Health Network, University of Toronto; Peter Selby, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Wei Xu
- Lawson Eng, Jie Su, Xin Qiu, Prakruthi R. Palepu, Henrique Hon, Ehab Fadhel, Luke Harland, Anthony La Delfa, Steven Habbous, Aidin Kashigar, Sinead Cuffe, Frances A. Shepherd, Natasha B. Leighl, Andrew F. Pierre, David P. Goldstein, Wei Xu, and Geoffrey Liu, Princess Margaret Hospital/Ontario Cancer Institute/University Health Network, University of Toronto; Peter Selby, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Geoffrey Liu
- Lawson Eng, Jie Su, Xin Qiu, Prakruthi R. Palepu, Henrique Hon, Ehab Fadhel, Luke Harland, Anthony La Delfa, Steven Habbous, Aidin Kashigar, Sinead Cuffe, Frances A. Shepherd, Natasha B. Leighl, Andrew F. Pierre, David P. Goldstein, Wei Xu, and Geoffrey Liu, Princess Margaret Hospital/Ontario Cancer Institute/University Health Network, University of Toronto; Peter Selby, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Zablocki RW, Edland SD, Myers MG, Strong DR, Hofstetter CR, Al-Delaimy WK. Smoking ban policies and their influence on smoking behaviors among current California smokers: a population-based study. Prev Med 2014; 59:73-8. [PMID: 24291748 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2013.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2013] [Revised: 11/18/2013] [Accepted: 11/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess whether smoking ban policies are associated with smoking reduction and quit attempts among California smokers. METHODS Data were examined for 1718 current smokers from follow-up telephone interviews conducted in 2011 of persons previously identified as smokers in a representative sample of the adult population of California. Population weighted logistic regressions controlling for demographic and other variables were used to evaluate the association between smoking ban policies (home, work, and town) and changes in tobacco use (past year quit attempt or reduction in smoking rate). RESULTS Living in a home with a total ban was significantly associated with smoking reduction (adjusted odds ratio, AOR: 2.4, 95% CI: 1.4-4.2) and making a quit attempt (AOR: 2.3, 95% CI: 1.3-3.9) compared to living in a home with no home ban. Self-reported perception of an outdoor ban in one's city/town was associated with smoking reduction (AOR: 1.7, 95% CI: 1.02-2.7) and making a quit attempt (AOR: 1.8, 95% CI: 1.05-2.9). CONCLUSION These results indicate that smoking bans not only protect nonsmokers from the harms of secondhand smoke, but are also associated with smoking reduction and cessation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong W Zablocki
- Department of Family and Preventive Medicine University of California San Diego, 9500, Gilman Dr La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Steven D Edland
- Department of Family and Preventive Medicine University of California San Diego, 9500, Gilman Dr La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Department of Neuroscience University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Mark G Myers
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, 3350 La Jolla Village Dr, San Diego, CA 92161, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - David R Strong
- Department of Family and Preventive Medicine University of California San Diego, 9500, Gilman Dr La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - C Richard Hofstetter
- Graduate School of Public Health San Diego State University, Department of Political Science San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Dr, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
| | - Wael K Al-Delaimy
- Department of Family and Preventive Medicine University of California San Diego, 9500, Gilman Dr La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
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Smoking patterns, depression, and sociodemographic variables among Flemish women during pregnancy and the postpartum period. Nurs Res 2014; 62:394-404. [PMID: 24165215 DOI: 10.1097/nnr.0b013e3182a59d96] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Relationships among feelings of depression, smoking behavior, and educational level during pregnancy have been documented. Feelings of depression may contribute to persistent smoking during pregnancy. No longitudinal studies assessing feelings of depression in women with different antepartum and postpartum smoking patterns are available. OBJECTIVES The aim was to determine relationships between depressive symptoms, sociodemographic characteristics, and smoking pattern during and after pregnancy. METHODS An observational, prospective, noninterventional study was conducted. Data were collected during two stages of pregnancy (T0: <;16 weeks and T1: 32-34 weeks) and postpartum (T2: >6 weeks) in 523 Flemish women. Feelings of depression (measured using the Beck Depression Inventory [BDI]), smoking behavior, and sociodemographic variables were analyzed using a general linear mixed model implemented in SAS Proc MIXED. RESULTS Smokers and initial smokers reported significantly more depressive symptoms at all time points compared with recent ex-smokers, nonsmokers, and initial nonsmokers (p <; .001). The three-way interaction among time point, smoking pattern, and educational level was significant (p = .02). Evolution of mean BDI over time differed by educational level. Among participants with a secondary school certificate or less, differences were observed between smokers and nonsmokers, recent ex-smokers and initial nonsmokers, and nonsmokers and initial nonsmokers. Among participants with a college or university degree, no differences were observed. DISCUSSION A wide variety of smoking patterns were observed during pregnancy and early postpartum. Smoking patterns were associated with depression and showed complex interactions with educational level. Assessment and intervention for both smoking and depression are needed throughout the perinatal period to support the health of mothers, their infants, and families.
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Klein EG, Liu ST, Conrey EJ. Comprehensive smoke-free policies: a tool for improving preconception health? Matern Child Health J 2014; 18:146-152. [PMID: 23467844 PMCID: PMC10961990 DOI: 10.1007/s10995-013-1247-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Lower income women are at higher risk for preconception and prenatal smoking, are less likely to spontaneously quit smoking during pregnancy, and have higher prenatal relapse rates than women in higher income groups. Policies prohibiting tobacco smoking in public places are intended to reduce exposure to secondhand smoke; additionally, since these policies promote a smoke-free norm, there have been associations between smoke-free policies and reduced smoking prevalence. Given the public health burden of smoking, particularly among women who become pregnant, our objective was to assess the impact of smoke-free policies on the odds of preconception smoking among low-income women. We estimated the odds of preconception smoking among low-income women in Ohio between 2002 and 2009 using data from repeated cross-sectional samples of women participating in the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC). A logistic spline regression was applied fitting a knot at the point of enforcement of the Ohio Smoke-free Workplace Act to evaluate whether this policy was associated with changes in the odds of smoking. After adjusting for individual- and environmental-level factors, the Ohio Smoke-free Workplace Act was associated with a small, but statistically significant reduction in the odds of preconception smoking in WIC participants. Comprehensive smoke-free policies prohibiting smoking in public places and workplaces may also be associated with reductions in smoking among low-income women. This type of policy or environmental change strategy may promote a tobacco-free norm and improve preconception health among a population at risk for smoking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth G Klein
- Division of Health Behavior and Health Promotion, The Ohio State University College of Public Health, Columbus, OH, USA.
| | - Sherry T Liu
- Division of Health Behavior and Health Promotion, The Ohio State University College of Public Health, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Elizabeth J Conrey
- State Epidemiology Office, Ohio Department of Health, Columbus, OH, USA
- Division of Reproductive Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Atlanta, GA, USA
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Gritz ER, Danysh HE, Fletcher FE, Tami-Maury I, Fingeret MC, King RM, Arduino RC, Vidrine DJ. Long-term outcomes of a cell phone-delivered intervention for smokers living with HIV/AIDS. Clin Infect Dis 2013; 57:608-15. [PMID: 23704120 PMCID: PMC3719892 DOI: 10.1093/cid/cit349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2013] [Accepted: 05/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND People living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/AIDS (PLWHA) have a substantially higher prevalence of cigarette smoking compared to the general population. In addition, PLWHA are particularly susceptible to the adverse health effects of smoking. Our primary objective was to design and test the efficacy over 12 months of a smoking cessation intervention targeting PLWHA. METHODS Participants were enrolled from an urban HIV clinic with a multiethnic and economically disadvantaged patient population. Participants received smoking cessation treatment either through usual care (UC) or counseling delivered by a cell phone intervention (CPI). The 7-day point prevalence abstinence was evaluated at 3, 6, and 12 months using logistic regression and generalized linear mixed models. RESULTS We randomized 474 HIV-positive smokers to either the UC or CPI group. When evaluating the overall treatment effect (7-day abstinence outcomes from 3-, 6-, and 12-month follow-ups), participants in the CPI group were 2.41 times (P = .049) more likely to demonstrate abstinence compared to the UC group. The treatment effect was strongest at the 3-month follow-up (odds ratio = 4.3, P < .001), but diminished at 6 and 12 months (P > .05). CONCLUSIONS Cell phone-delivered smoking cessation treatment has a positive impact on abstinence rates compared to a usual care approach. Future research should focus on strategies for sustaining the treatment effect in the long term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen R Gritz
- Department of Behavioral Science, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030-1439, USA.
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Shin SS, Moreno PG, Rao S, Garfein RS, Novotny TE, Strathdee SA. Cigarette smoking and quit attempts among injection drug users in Tijuana, Mexico. Nicotine Tob Res 2013; 15:2060-8. [PMID: 23873979 DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntt099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Injection drug use and cigarette smoking are major global health concerns. Limited data exist regarding cigarette smoking behavior and quit attempts among injection drug users (IDUs) in low- and middle-income countries to inform the development of cigarette smoking interventions. We conducted a cross-sectional study to describe cigarette smoking behavior and quit attempts among IDUs in Tijuana, Mexico. METHODS IDUs were recruited through community outreach and administered in-person interviews. Multivariable Poisson regression models were constructed to determine prevalence ratios (PRs) for quit attempts. RESULTS Of the 670 participants interviewed, 601 (89.7%) were current smokers. Of these, median number of cigarettes smoked daily was 10; 190 (31.6%) contemplated quitting smoking in the next 6 months; 132 (22.0%) had previously quit for ≥1 year; and 124 (20.6%) had made a recent quit attempt (lasting ≥1 day during the previous 6 months). In multivariable analysis, recent quit attempts were positively associated with average monthly income (≥3,500 pesos [US$280] vs. <1,500 pesos [US$120]; PR = 2.30; 95% CI = 1.57-3.36), smoking marijuana (PR = 1.38; 95% CI = 1.01-2.90), and smoking heroin (PR = 1.85; 95% CI = 1.23-2.78), and they were negatively associated with number of cigarettes smoked daily (PR = 0.96; 95% CI = 0.94-0.98). CONCLUSIONS One out of 5 IDUs attempted to quit cigarette smoking during the previous 6 months. Additional research is needed to improve the understanding of the association between drug use patterns and cigarette smoking quit attempts, including the higher rate of quit attempts observed among IDUs who smoke marijuana or heroin compared with IDUs who do not smoke these substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanghyuk S Shin
- Joint Doctoral Program in Public Health (Global Health), San Diego State University/University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA
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Chou LP, Chang HF, Kao C, Lin W, Huang CL. Smoking cessation in Taiwanese male smokers with coronary artery disease: influencing factors and policy implications. Int Nurs Rev 2013; 60:244-50. [PMID: 23692009 DOI: 10.1111/inr.12004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIM To investigate factors affecting smoking cessation in male smokers with coronary artery disease. DESIGN A descriptive, correlation, cross-sectional study was conducted. METHODS Data were collected using a questionnaire constructed by a literature review of research on smoking cessation in male smokers including demographics and smoking background, as well as psychological, interpersonal and environmental factors. A total of 130 male patients with coronary artery disease were recruited from the cardiac clinic at a regional hospital in Taiwan from August to December 2008. The response rate was 93% (n = 121). Descriptive statistics, chi-square, t-tests and logistic regression analysis were conducted. RESULTS During the survey, 64.5% of the respondents reported that they had stopped smoking after a coronary event. Five factors were significantly associated with smoking cessation after diagnosis of coronary artery disease: age, the severity of heart diagnoses, antismoking norms (perceived that smoking was against the social norms), nicotine dependence level, and contrary views of smoking (perceived negative expectancy of smoking). Multivariate analysis revealed antismoking norms to be the most important predictor (AOR = 4.27; P < .05) after adjusting age. CONCLUSION The study highlights the need to develop smoking cessation interventions that specifically counsel patients with coronary artery disease about these information, such as the disease risk and development, health consequences of smoking, and dependence therapy. Additionally, government support for tobacco control programmes in hospitals and elsewhere is designed to have a beneficial effect on patients' smoking behaviours primarily by increasing antismoking norms.
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Affiliation(s)
- L-P Chou
- Department of Medicine, Sin-Lau Christian Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan
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Lee H, Paek HJ. Roles of guilt and culture in normative influence: testing moderated mediation in the anti-secondhand smoking context. PSYCHOL HEALTH MED 2013; 19:14-23. [DOI: 10.1080/13548506.2013.772303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Home visitation program effectiveness and the influence of community behavioral norms: a propensity score matched analysis of prenatal smoking cessation. BMC Public Health 2012; 12:1016. [PMID: 23170927 PMCID: PMC3533912 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-12-1016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2012] [Accepted: 11/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The influence of community context on the effectiveness of evidence-based maternal and child home visitation programs following implementation is poorly understood. This study compared prenatal smoking cessation between home visitation program recipients and local-area comparison women across 24 implementation sites within one state, while also estimating the independent effect of community smoking norms on smoking cessation behavior. Methods Retrospective cohort design using propensity score matching of Nurse-Family Partnership (NFP) clients and local-area matched comparison women who smoked cigarettes in the first trimester of pregnancy. Birth certificate data were used to classify smoking status. The main outcome measure was smoking cessation in the third trimester of pregnancy. Multivariable logistic regression analysis examined, over two time periods, the association of NFP exposure and the association of baseline county prenatal smoking rate on prenatal smoking cessation. Results The association of NFP participation and prenatal smoking cessation was stronger in a later implementation period (35.5% for NFP clients vs. 27.5% for comparison women, p < 0.001) than in an earlier implementation period (28.4% vs. 25.8%, p = 0.114). Cessation was also negatively associated with county prenatal smoking rate, controlling for NFP program effect, (OR = 0.84 per 5 percentage point change in county smoking rate, p = 0.002). Conclusions Following a statewide implementation, program recipients of NFP demonstrated increased smoking cessation compared to comparison women, with a stronger program effect in later years. The significant association of county smoking rate with cessation suggests that community behavioral norms may present a challenge for evidence-based programs as models are translated into diverse communities.
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Adolescent Academic Achievement and School Engagement: An Examination of the Role of School-Wide Peer Culture. J Youth Adolesc 2012; 42:6-19. [PMID: 23076767 DOI: 10.1007/s10964-012-9833-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2012] [Accepted: 09/26/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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A longitudinal study on the impact of income change and poverty on smoking cessation. Canadian Journal of Public Health 2012. [PMID: 22905637 DOI: 10.1007/bf03403811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Research on the association between income and smoking cessation has examined income as a static phenomenon, either cross-sectionally or as a predictor variable in longitudinal studies. This study recognizes income as a dynamic entity and examines the relationship between a change in income and subsequent smoking behaviour. METHOD Longitudinal data from the National Population Health Survey (1994/5 to 2008/9) were used to examine the impact of (1) change in income and (2) change in poverty status, on the probability of being a former or current smoker among a sample of Canadians identified as having ever smoked. Covariates include socio-demographic characteristics, number of cigarettes smoked per day, and smoking in the home. RESULTS Smoking behaviour was not associated with a change in household income but was associated with a change in household income that moved an individual across the poverty threshold. Canadians whose income increased to above the poverty threshold were less likely to continue smoking than someone who remained in poverty (OR = 0.72, 95% CI: 0.62-0.84). Those who remained out of poverty were also less likely to continue smoking than someone who remained in poverty (OR = 0.66, 95% CI: 0.57-0.75). There was no significant difference between those who remained in poverty and those whose income decreased to below the poverty level. CONCLUSION This study strengthens the link between smoking and poverty and supports strategies that address income as a socio-economic determinant of health. Policies that increase household incomes above the poverty line may lead to improvements in smoking cessation rates.
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Impact of tobacco control interventions on smoking initiation, cessation, and prevalence: a systematic review. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2012; 2012:961724. [PMID: 22719777 PMCID: PMC3376479 DOI: 10.1155/2012/961724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2011] [Accepted: 03/08/2012] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Background. Policymakers need estimates of the impact of tobacco control (TC) policies to set priorities and targets for reducing tobacco use. We systematically reviewed the independent effects of TC policies on smoking behavior. Methods. We searched MEDLINE (through January 2012) and EMBASE and other databases through February 2009, looking for studies published after 1989 in any language that assessed the effects of each TC intervention on smoking prevalence, initiation, cessation, or price participation elasticity. Paired reviewers extracted data from studies that isolated the impact of a single TC intervention. Findings. We included 84 studies. The strength of evidence quantifying the independent effect on smoking prevalence was high for increasing tobacco prices and moderate for smoking bans in public places and antitobacco mass media campaigns. Limited direct evidence was available to quantify the effects of health warning labels and bans on advertising and sponsorship. Studies were too heterogeneous to pool effect estimates. Interpretations. We found evidence of an independent effect for several TC policies on smoking prevalence. However, we could not derive precise estimates of the effects across different settings because of variability in the characteristics of the intervention, level of policy enforcement, and underlying tobacco control environment.
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Kit PL, Teo L. Quit Now! A Psychoeducational Expressive Therapy Group Work Approach for At-Risk and Delinquent Adolescent Smokers in Singapore. JOURNAL FOR SPECIALISTS IN GROUP WORK 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/01933922.2011.606557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Kendzor DE, Reitzel LR, Mazas CA, Cofta-Woerpel LM, Cao Y, Ji L, Costello TJ, Vidrine JI, Businelle MS, Li Y, Castro Y, Ahluwalia JS, Cinciripini PM, Wetter DW. Individual- and area-level unemployment influence smoking cessation among African Americans participating in a randomized clinical trial. Soc Sci Med 2012; 74:1394-401. [PMID: 22405506 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2012.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2010] [Revised: 12/15/2011] [Accepted: 01/23/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
African Americans suffer disproportionately from the adverse health consequences of smoking, and also report substantially lower socioeconomic status than Whites and other racial/ethnic groups in the U.S. Although socioeconomic disadvantage is known to have a negative influence on smoking cessation rates and overall health, little is known about the influence of socioeconomic status on smoking cessation specifically among African Americans. Thus, the purpose of the current study was to characterize the impact of several individual- and area-level indicators of socioeconomic status on smoking cessation among African Americans. Data were collected as part of a smoking cessation intervention study for African American smokers (N = 379) recruited from the Houston, Texas, metropolitan area, who participated in the study between 2005 and 2007. The separate and combined influences of individual-level (insurance status, unemployment, education, and income) and area-level (neighborhood unemployment, education, income, and poverty) indicators of socioeconomic status on continuous smoking abstinence were examined across time intervals using continuation ratio logit modeling. Individual-level analyses indicated that unemployment was significantly associated with reduced odds of smoking abstinence, while higher income was associated with greater odds of abstinence. However, only unemployment remained a significant predictor of abstinence when unemployment and income were included in the model together. Area-level analyses indicated that greater neighborhood unemployment and poverty were associated with reduced odds of smoking abstinence, while greater neighborhood education was associated with higher odds of abstinence. However, only neighborhood unemployment remained significantly associated with abstinence status when individual-level income and unemployment were included in the model. Overall, findings suggest that individual- and area-level unemployment have a negative impact on smoking cessation among African Americans. Addressing unemployment through public policy and within smoking cessation interventions, and providing smoking cessation treatment for the unemployed may have a beneficial impact on tobacco-related health disparities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darla E Kendzor
- University of Texas Health Science Center, School of Public Health, Division of Health Promotion and Behavioral Sciences, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., V8.106B, Dallas, TX 75390-9128, USA.
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Wu TY, Chie WC, Lai MS, Chen CC, Kuo KL, Majeed A. Knowledge of the New Tobacco Hazards Prevention Act Is Associated With Smokers’ Behavior of Seeking Help in Smoking Cessation in Taiwan. Asia Pac J Public Health 2012; 27:NP212-22. [DOI: 10.1177/1010539512436545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Evidence that smoking area restrictions and raising cigarette taxes affect smokers’ behavior of seeking help in cessation is limited. The authors conducted a case-control study of 200 participants in Taipei City, Taiwan, from December 2008 to June 2009 to evaluate the association between knowledge on legislation and the behavior of seeking help in smoking cessation. They compared smokers who sought assistance in clinics/classes and smokers who did not, matching for age, gender, and recruitment time. In a univariate model, both banning smoking and increasing prices had positive effects on smokers’ behavior, but the effect size of the latter was larger ( P = .021). A better knowledge of the regulations was associated with cessation effort (odds ratio [OR] = 2.74; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.44-5.23), as were being more influenced by increased prices (OR = 2.44; 95% CI = 1.38-4.34) and by smoking bans (OR = 2.32; 95% CI = 1.29-4.16). Increased knowledge of the regulations is associated with seeking help for smoking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tai-Yin Wu
- National Taiwan University, Taipei City, Taiwan
- Taipei City Hospital, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | | | - Mei-Shu Lai
- National Taiwan University, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | | | | | - Azeem Majeed
- Imperial College London, Charing Cross Campus, London, UK
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Burns EK, Levinson AH, Deaton EA. Factors in Nonadherence to Quitline Services. HEALTH EDUCATION & BEHAVIOR 2012; 39:596-602. [DOI: 10.1177/1090198111425186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background. Quitlines offer evidence-based, multisession coaching support for smoking cessation in the 50 U.S. states, Canada, and several other countries. Smokers who enroll in quitline services have, ipso facto, shown readiness to attempt to quit, but noncompletion of coaching services appears widespread and has not been widely investigated. The current study explored the magnitude and correlates of quitline service abandonment. Method. A state’s quitline intake, coaching, and nicotine patch/gum utilization data were obtained for smokers who enrolled during the period July 2007 to June 2008 ( n = 20,882). Analyses examined demographic, socioeconomic status, nicotine dependence-related, and nicotine replacement therapy—utilization factors associated with completion of only one coaching session (of five offered). Results. Almost half of enrollees (47.8%) completed only one session. All significant predictors together explained less than 4% of variance; not being sent nicotine replacement therapy was most strongly correlated with completion of only one session. A framework is proposed for directing research toward reducing quitline service nonadherence. Conclusions. Premature user abandonment of coaching calls is widespread within a quitline. Further research should determine the extent of the problem in national quitline systems, increase knowledge of mediators of nonadherence, and develop strategies for increasing coaching completion.
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Cosci F, Pistelli F, Lazzarini N, Carrozzi L. Nicotine dependence and psychological distress: outcomes and clinical implications in smoking cessation. Psychol Res Behav Manag 2011; 4:119-28. [PMID: 22114542 PMCID: PMC3218785 DOI: 10.2147/prbm.s14243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Nicotine dependence is characteristically a chronic and relapsing disease. Although 75%-85% of smokers would like to quit, and one-third make at least three serious lifetime attempts, less than 50% of smokers succeed in stopping before the age of 60. Relevant and complex factors contributing to sustained cigarette consumption, and strongly implicated in the clinical management of smokers, are the level of nicotine dependence and psychological distress. In this review of the literature, these two factors will be examined in detail to show how they may affect smoking cessation outcome and to encourage clinicians to assess patients so they can offer tailored support in quitting smoking.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Francesco Pistelli
- University Unit of Pulmonology and Respiratory Pathophysiology, Cardiothoracic Department, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Laura Carrozzi
- University Unit of Pulmonology and Respiratory Pathophysiology, Cardiothoracic Department, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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Nonnemaker J, Hersey J, Homsi G, Busey A, Hyland A, Juster H, Farrelly M. Self-reported exposure to policy and environmental influences on smoking cessation and relapse: a 2-year longitudinal population-based study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2011; 8:3591-608. [PMID: 22016705 PMCID: PMC3194106 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph8093591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2011] [Accepted: 08/25/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Although most smokers want to quit, the long-term success rate of quit attempts remains low; research is needed to understand the policy and environmental influences that can increase the success of cessation efforts. This paper uses regression methods to investigate self-reported exposure to policy and environmental influences on quit attempts, maintenance of a quit attempt for at least 6 months, and relapse in a longitudinal population-based sample, the New York Adult Cohort Survey, followed for 12 months (N = 3,261) and 24 months (N = 1,142). When policy or environmental influence variables were assessed independently of other policy or environmental influence variables, many were significant for at least some of the cessation outcomes. In the full models that included a full set of policy or environmental influence variables, many significant associations became nonsignificant. A number of policies may have an influence on multiple cessation outcomes. However, the effect varies by cessation outcome, and statistical significance is influenced by model specification.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Nonnemaker
- RTI International, 3040 Cornwallis Road, P.O. Box 12194, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA; E-Mails: (J.H.); (G.H.); (A.B.); (M.F.)
| | - James Hersey
- RTI International, 3040 Cornwallis Road, P.O. Box 12194, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA; E-Mails: (J.H.); (G.H.); (A.B.); (M.F.)
| | - Ghada Homsi
- RTI International, 3040 Cornwallis Road, P.O. Box 12194, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA; E-Mails: (J.H.); (G.H.); (A.B.); (M.F.)
| | - Andrew Busey
- RTI International, 3040 Cornwallis Road, P.O. Box 12194, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA; E-Mails: (J.H.); (G.H.); (A.B.); (M.F.)
| | - Andrew Hyland
- Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Department of Health Behavior, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA; E-Mail:
| | - Harlan Juster
- Corning Tower, Room 710, New York State Department of Health, Empire State Plaza, Albany, NY 12237, USA; E-Mail:
| | - Matthew Farrelly
- RTI International, 3040 Cornwallis Road, P.O. Box 12194, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA; E-Mails: (J.H.); (G.H.); (A.B.); (M.F.)
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