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Richardson JB, Wical W, Kottage N, Bullock C. Shook Ones: Understanding the Intersection of Nonfatal Violent Firearm Injury, Incarceration, and Traumatic Stress Among Young Black Men. Am J Mens Health 2021; 14:1557988320982181. [PMID: 33356779 PMCID: PMC7768853 DOI: 10.1177/1557988320982181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Violent injury is a leading cause of death and disability among young Black men, with the highest rates occurring in low-income urban populations. Hospital-based violence intervention programs (HVIPs) offer a promising opportunity to address the biopsychosocial factors that adversely affect this population. However, there are major gaps between the needs of young Black male survivors of violent injury and the forms of care provided by HVIPs. Patient-centered outcomes research provides a useful mode of inquiry to develop strategies to decrease these differences. Care for survivors, including treatment for traumatic stress disorders, must be reconceptualized to center the lived experiences of young Black men. This paper qualitatively explores how these survivors of gun violence express symptoms of traumatic stress and the ways in which their narratives can inform the implementation of the biopsychosocial model in HVIPs. A phenomenological variant ecological systems theory framework was used to analyze participant narratives to aid in understanding their symptoms of traumatic stress and post-injury affective changes as both psychologically and socially important experiences. Such insight may inform changes to HVIP practice to address persistent health disparities related to violence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph B Richardson
- Joel and Kim Feller Professor of African-American Studies and Anthropology, Department of African-American Studies and the Department of Anthropology, College of Behavioral and Social Sciences, University of Maryland College Park, College Park, MD, USA
| | - William Wical
- Department of Anthropology and the Department of African-American Studies, Transformative Research and Applied Violence Intervention Lab (TRAVAIL), College of Behavioral and Social Sciences, University of Maryland College Park, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Nipun Kottage
- Department of Anthropology and the Department of African-American Studies, Transformative Research and Applied Violence Intervention Lab (TRAVAIL), College of Behavioral and Social Sciences, University of Maryland College Park, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Che Bullock
- Department of African-American Studies, Transformative Research and Applied Violence Intervention Lab (TRAVAIL), College of Behavioral and Social Sciences, University of Maryland College Park, College Park, MD, USA
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Santaella-Tenorio J, Tarantola D. Youth Violence: Prevention and Control. Am J Public Health 2021; 111:S8-S9. [PMID: 34038157 PMCID: PMC8157805 DOI: 10.2105/ajph.2021.306320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Julian Santaella-Tenorio
- Julian Santaella-Tenorio is a guest editor of AJPH and is with the Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogota, Colombia. Daniel Tarantola is an associate editor of AJPH and is with the Institute on Inequalities in Global Health, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles CA
| | - Daniel Tarantola
- Julian Santaella-Tenorio is a guest editor of AJPH and is with the Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogota, Colombia. Daniel Tarantola is an associate editor of AJPH and is with the Institute on Inequalities in Global Health, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles CA
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Kelsay JD, Silver IA, Barnes JC. The Association Between Adolescent Gun Ownership and Gun Carrying and Adulthood Violence and Victimization. VIOLENCE AND VICTIMS 2021; 36:157-192. [PMID: 33443229 DOI: 10.1891/vv-d-19-00090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Although many studies have highlighted the deleterious outcomes associated with access to firearms, others suggest gun ownership and carrying can have protective effects. This study attempts to adjudicate between these countervailing points and address several important gaps in the literature. To do so, data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health were used to assess the long-term associations between gun ownership and gun carrying in late adolescence and violence and violent victimization in early adulthood. Results from propensity score matching analyses suggest gun carrying, but not gun ownership, is associated with a higher risk of experiencing a violent victimization (b = 0.080, 95% CI = .032, .127) and engaging in violence with a weapon (b = 0.885, 95% CI = .392, 1.378). Efforts to curb firearm-related violence should consider focusing on those who carry guns for additional counseling about these risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- James D Kelsay
- Department of Criminology and Criminal Justice, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas
| | - Ian A Silver
- Law and Justice Department, Rowan University, Glassboro, New Jersey Corrections Institute, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - J C Barnes
- School of Criminal Justice, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
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Werbart Törnblom A, Sorjonen K, Runeson B, Rydelius P. Who Is at Risk of Dying Young from Suicide and Sudden Violent Death? Common and Specific Risk Factors among Children, Adolescents, and Young Adults. Suicide Life Threat Behav 2020; 50:757-777. [PMID: 32012342 PMCID: PMC7497083 DOI: 10.1111/sltb.12614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Suicides and other sudden violent deaths are the most common causes of death among young people worldwide. This case-control study compared risk factors for suicide and other sudden violent death among young people. METHOD A total of 436 psychological autopsy interviews with next of kin were performed. The samples aged 10-25 years included 63 cases of suicide, 62 cases of other sudden violent death, and 104 matched living controls. Two stepwise multiple logistic regression analyses were performed. RESULTS The number of recent stressful life events was the only common risk factor for suicide and other sudden violent death. Specific risk factors for suicide were any form of addiction and being an inpatient in adult psychiatric care. Specific risk factors for other sudden violent death were lower elementary school results, lower educational level, and abuse of psychoactive drugs. CONCLUSIONS The suicide group seems to have been more vulnerable and exposed to different kinds of stressors, whereas the sudden violent death group seems to have been more acting out and risk-taking. Both groups must be the subject of prevention and intervention programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annelie Werbart Törnblom
- Department of Women's and Children's HealthCentre for Psychiatry ResearchKarolinska InstitutetStockholm County CouncilStockholmSweden
| | - Kimmo Sorjonen
- Division of PsychologyDepartment of Clinical NeuroscienceKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | - Bo Runeson
- Department of Clinical NeuroscienceCentre for Psychiatry ResearchKarolinska InstitutetStockholm County CouncilStockholmSweden
| | - Per‐Anders Rydelius
- Department of Women's and Children's HealthCentre for Psychiatry ResearchKarolinska InstitutetStockholm County CouncilStockholmSweden
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Hyperarousal and hypervigilance in African American male adolescents exposed to community violence. JOURNAL OF APPLIED DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.appdev.2020.101168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Abstract
Violence between police and young black men is a longstanding issue that has gained national attention in recent years due to high-profile violent encounters. We conducted 48 semi-structured interviews with key stakeholders from different groups (young black men aged 14-24 years, parents, educators, police officers, and staff in youth serving organizations). Stakeholders were asked to (1) identify causes of violent encounters between police and young black men; (2) describe police officers who serve in their communities; and (3) describe interactions between police and young black men. Data were collected and analyzed using thematic analysis and content analysis methods. All stakeholder groups except police felt that violent encounters between police and young black men were caused by officers lacking a connection with communities. Fear and distrust across stakeholder groups was also seen as a cause of violent encounters; youth feared police after having seen or heard of violent encounters, while officers feared youth due to the availability of firearms and previous assaults on officers. Several stakeholder groups recognized that racism and prejudice among police was another cause of violence between police and young black men. Positive interactions between police and youth were seen as the result of established, trusting relationships developed over time. Future efforts to prevent violent encounters between police and young black men should engage multiple stakeholder groups. One avenue for engagement is through community mobilization efforts that foster collaboration, build community trust, and encourage implementation of policies, programs, and practices that prevent future violent encounters.
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Jones-Webb R, Calvert C, Brady SS. Preventing Violent Encounters Between Police and Young Black Men: A Comparative Case Study. Am J Prev Med 2018; 55:S88-S94. [PMID: 30670206 DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2018.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2018] [Revised: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In the past several years, high profile events have drawn attention to the longstanding problem of violent encounters between police and young black men in the U.S. This paper highlights the results of a 1-year qualitative study to describe (1) perceptions of police-youth violence prevention policies, programs, and practices; and (2) existing infrastructures that can be leveraged to strengthen police-youth violence prevention efforts. METHODS Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 48 key stakeholders from four groups (young black men aged 14-24years, parents and educators, police officers, and staff in youth serving organizations) in 2017. Stakeholders were asked to (1) identify any policies, programs, or practices aimed at police-youth violence prevention; (2) evaluate the effectiveness of these efforts and how they might be improved; and (3) envision any new efforts to prevent future violent encounters between police and young black men. Data were collected and analyzed in 2017 using content analysis methods. RESULTS Key stakeholders demonstrated high awareness of efforts, particularly programs to deter youth violence. However, none of them were able to identify specific efforts to reduce violent encounters between local police and young black men. Responses differed across key stakeholder groups. Young people often stated that police needed to become more involved in the communities they serve; however, police believed they were building relationships with the community. CONCLUSIONS Future violence prevention efforts must incorporate policies, programs, and practices that explicitly address violent encounters between police and young black men. SUPPLEMENT INFORMATION This article is part of a supplement entitled African American Men's Health: Research, Practice, and Policy Implications, which is sponsored by the National Institutes of Health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhonda Jones-Webb
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota School of Public Health, Minneapolis, Minnesota.
| | - Collin Calvert
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota School of Public Health, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Sonya S Brady
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota School of Public Health, Minneapolis, Minnesota
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Van Voorhees EE, Resnik L, Johnson E, O'Toole T. Posttraumatic stress disorder and interpersonal process in homeless veterans participating in a peer mentoring intervention: Associations with program benefit. Psychol Serv 2018; 16:463-474. [PMID: 29369660 DOI: 10.1037/ser0000231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Homelessness among veterans has dropped dramatically since the expansion of services for homeless veterans in 2009, and now engaging homeless veterans in existing programs will be important to continuing to make progress. While one promising approach for engaging homeless veterans in care is involving peer mentors in integrated services, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) may diminish the effects of peer mentorship. This mixed methods study examined how interpersonal and emotional processes in homeless veterans with and without PTSD impacted their capacity to engage in relationships with peer mentors. Four focus groups of 5-8 homeless male veterans (N = 22) were drawn from a larger multisite randomized trial. Qualitative analysis identified five primary themes: disconnectedness; anger, hostility, or resentment; connecting with others; positive view of self; and feeling like an outsider. Thematic comparisons between participants with and without a self-reported PTSD diagnosis, and between those who did and did not benefit from the peer mentor program, were validated by using quantitative methods. Disconnectedness was associated with self-reported PTSD diagnosis and with lack of program benefit; feeling like an outsider was associated with program benefit. Results suggest that disruption to the capacity to develop and maintain social bonds in PTSD may interfere with the capacity to benefit from peer mentorship. Social rules and basic strategies for navigating interpersonal relationships may differ somewhat within the homeless community and outside of it; for veterans who feel disconnected from the domiciled community, a formerly homeless veteran peer may serve as a critical "bridge" between the two social worlds. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth E Van Voorhees
- VISN 6 Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center, Durham Veterans Affairs Medical Center
| | | | | | - Thomas O'Toole
- Department of Veterans Affairs National Center on Homelessness Among Veterans
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Reid JA, Richards TN, Loughran TA, Mulvey EP. The Relationships Among Exposure to Violence, Psychological Distress, and Gun Carrying Among Male Adolescents Found Guilty of Serious Legal Offenses: A Longitudinal Cohort Study. Ann Intern Med 2017; 166:412-418. [PMID: 28135726 DOI: 10.7326/m16-164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gun violence and psychological problems are often conflated in public discourse on gun safety. However, few studies have empirically assessed the effect of exposure to violence when exploring the association between gun carrying and psychological distress. OBJECTIVE To examine the potential effect of exposure to violence on the associations between gun carrying and psychological distress among vulnerable adolescents. DESIGN Longitudinal cohort study. SETTING The Pathways to Desistance study, a study of youths found guilty of a serious criminal offense in Philadelphia County, Pennsylvania, or Maricopa County, Arizona. PARTICIPANTS 1170 male youths aged 14 to 19 years who had been found guilty of a serious criminal offense. MEASUREMENTS Youths were assessed at baseline and at four 6-month intervals with regard to gun carrying ("Have you carried a gun?"), psychological distress (Global Severity Index), and exposure to violence (modified version of the Exposure to Violence Inventory). RESULTS At the bivariate level, gun carrying was consistently associated with higher levels of psychological distress. However, the association between psychological distress and gun carrying diminished or disappeared when exposure to violence was considered. Exposure to violence (as either a victim or a witness) was significantly related to gun carrying at all follow-up assessments, with increased odds of gun carrying ranging from 1.43 to 1.87 with each additional report of exposure to violence. LIMITATIONS The study sample was limited to justice-involved male youths. Precarrying distress and exposure to violence could not be fully captured because many participants had initiated gun carrying before baseline. CONCLUSION In male youths involved in the criminal justice system, the relationship between psychological distress and gun carrying seems to be influenced by exposure to violence (either experiencing or witnessing it). Further study is warranted to explore whether interventions after exposure to violence could reduce gun carrying in this population. PRIMARY FUNDING SOURCE None.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joan A Reid
- From University of South Florida St. Petersburg, St. Petersburg, Florida; University of Baltimore, Baltimore, Maryland; University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland; and University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Tara N Richards
- From University of South Florida St. Petersburg, St. Petersburg, Florida; University of Baltimore, Baltimore, Maryland; University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland; and University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Thomas A Loughran
- From University of South Florida St. Petersburg, St. Petersburg, Florida; University of Baltimore, Baltimore, Maryland; University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland; and University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Edward P Mulvey
- From University of South Florida St. Petersburg, St. Petersburg, Florida; University of Baltimore, Baltimore, Maryland; University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland; and University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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Reid JA, Richards TN, Loughran TA, Mulvey EP. The Relationships Among Exposure to Violence, Psychological Distress, and Gun Carrying Among Male Adolescents Found Guilty of Serious Legal Offenses: A Longitudinal Cohort Study. Ann Intern Med 2017; 166:412-418. [PMID: 28135726 PMCID: PMC6298221 DOI: 10.7326/m16-1648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gun violence and psychological problems are often conflated in public discourse on gun safety. However, few studies have empirically assessed the effect of exposure to violence when exploring the association between gun carrying and psychological distress. OBJECTIVE To examine the potential effect of exposure to violence on the associations between gun carrying and psychological distress among vulnerable adolescents. DESIGN Longitudinal cohort study. SETTING The Pathways to Desistance study, a study of youths found guilty of a serious criminal offense in Philadelphia County, Pennsylvania, or Maricopa County, Arizona. PARTICIPANTS 1170 male youths aged 14 to 19 years who had been found guilty of a serious criminal offense. MEASUREMENTS Youths were assessed at baseline and at four 6-month intervals with regard to gun carrying ("Have you carried a gun?"), psychological distress (Global Severity Index), and exposure to violence (modified version of the Exposure to Violence Inventory). RESULTS At the bivariate level, gun carrying was consistently associated with higher levels of psychological distress. However, the association between psychological distress and gun carrying diminished or disappeared when exposure to violence was considered. Exposure to violence (as either a victim or a witness) was significantly related to gun carrying at all follow-up assessments, with increased odds of gun carrying ranging from 1.43 to 1.87 with each additional report of exposure to violence. LIMITATIONS The study sample was limited to justice-involved male youths. Precarrying distress and exposure to violence could not be fully captured because many participants had initiated gun carrying before baseline. CONCLUSION In male youths involved in the criminal justice system, the relationship between psychological distress and gun carrying seems to be influenced by exposure to violence (either experiencing or witnessing it). Further study is warranted to explore whether interventions after exposure to violence could reduce gun carrying in this population. PRIMARY FUNDING SOURCE None.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joan A Reid
- From University of South Florida St. Petersburg, St. Petersburg, Florida; University of Baltimore, Baltimore, Maryland; University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland; and University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Tara N Richards
- From University of South Florida St. Petersburg, St. Petersburg, Florida; University of Baltimore, Baltimore, Maryland; University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland; and University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Thomas A Loughran
- From University of South Florida St. Petersburg, St. Petersburg, Florida; University of Baltimore, Baltimore, Maryland; University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland; and University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Edward P Mulvey
- From University of South Florida St. Petersburg, St. Petersburg, Florida; University of Baltimore, Baltimore, Maryland; University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland; and University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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Loughran TA, Reid JA, Collins ME, Mulvey EP. Effect of Gun Carrying on Perceptions of Risk Among Adolescent Offenders. Am J Public Health 2015; 106:350-2. [PMID: 26691293 DOI: 10.2105/ajph.2015.302971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We observed how perceptions of risks, costs, crime rewards, and violence exposure change as individual gun-carrying behavior changes among high-risk adolescents. METHODS We analyzed a longitudinal study (2000-2010) of serious juvenile offenders in Maricopa County, Arizona, or Philadelphia County, Pennsylvania, assessing within-person changes in risk and reward perceptions, and violence exposure as individuals initiated or ceased gun carrying. RESULTS Despite being associated with heightened exposure to violence, gun carrying was linked to lower perceptions of risks and costs and higher perceived rewards of offending. Gun carrying was not time-stable, as certain individuals both started and stopped carrying during the study. Within-person changes in carrying guns were associated with shifting perceptions of risks, costs, and rewards of crime, and changes in exposure to violence in expected directions. CONCLUSIONS Gun carrying reduces perceptions of risks associated with offending while increasing actual risk of violence exposure. This suggests that there is an important disconnect between perceptions and objective levels of safety among high-risk youths. Gun-carrying decisions may not only be influenced by factors of protection and self-defense, but also by perceptions of risks and reward associated with engaging in crime more generally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas A Loughran
- Thomas A. Loughran and Megan Eileen Collins are with Department of Criminology and Criminal Justice, University of Maryland, College Park. Joan A. Reid is with Criminology Program, University of South Florida, St Petersburg. Edward P. Mulvey is with Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Joan A Reid
- Thomas A. Loughran and Megan Eileen Collins are with Department of Criminology and Criminal Justice, University of Maryland, College Park. Joan A. Reid is with Criminology Program, University of South Florida, St Petersburg. Edward P. Mulvey is with Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Megan Eileen Collins
- Thomas A. Loughran and Megan Eileen Collins are with Department of Criminology and Criminal Justice, University of Maryland, College Park. Joan A. Reid is with Criminology Program, University of South Florida, St Petersburg. Edward P. Mulvey is with Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Edward P Mulvey
- Thomas A. Loughran and Megan Eileen Collins are with Department of Criminology and Criminal Justice, University of Maryland, College Park. Joan A. Reid is with Criminology Program, University of South Florida, St Petersburg. Edward P. Mulvey is with Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
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Lize SE, Scheyett AM, Morgan CR, Proescholdbell SK, Norwood T, Edwards D. Violent Death Rates and Risk for Released Prisoners in North Carolina. VIOLENCE AND VICTIMS 2015; 30:1019-1036. [PMID: 26440107 DOI: 10.1891/0886-6708.vv-d-13-00137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Released prisoners face high risk of early mortality. The risk of violent death, specifically homicide and suicide, are addressed in this study. Data on inmates released from the North Carolina Division of Adult Corrections (N = 476) matched to the Violent Death Reporting System are analyzed to estimate rates and demographic and criminal justice-related predictors. Violent death rates for persons released from prison were more than 7 times higher than for the general adult population. Results from multinomial logistic regression indicate decreased homicide risk for every year of age, whereas male gender and minority race increased risk. For suicide, minority race, release without supervision, and substance abuse treatment in prison decreased fatality risk. By contrast, a history of mental illness increased suicide risk. Implications for practice and research are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Edward Lize
- College of Social Work, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
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Harnisher JL, Abram K, Washburn J, Stokes M, Azores-Gococo N, Teplin L. Loss Due to Death and its Association with Mental Disorders in Juvenile Detainees. JUVENILE & FAMILY COURT JOURNAL 2015; 66:1-18. [PMID: 26405364 PMCID: PMC4577059 DOI: 10.1111/jfcj.12029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the prevalence of loss due to death and its association with mental disorders in a random sample of 898 newly detained adolescents in Chicago, Illinois. Nearly 90% of youth experienced the loss of an important person; most had also experienced a "high-risk" loss (e.g., loss due to violence, sudden loss). Minority youth were at particular risk. Youth with any loss or multiple losses were more likely to have mood disorders and ADHD/behavioral disorders, respectively, than youth who had no such losses. Interventions focusing on modifiable protective factors following loss may increase positive outcomes in this vulnerable population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Laken Harnisher
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Health Disparities and Public Policy Program, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 710 North Lake Shore Dr., Suite 900, Chicago, IL 60611 ( )
| | - Karen Abram
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Health Disparities and Public Policy Program, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 710 North Lake Shore Dr., Suite 900, Chicago, IL 60611 ( )
| | - Jason Washburn
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Health Disparities and Public Policy Program, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 710 North Lake Shore Dr., Suite 900, Chicago, IL 60611 ( )
| | - Marquita Stokes
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Health Disparities and Public Policy Program, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 710 North Lake Shore Dr., Suite 900, Chicago, IL 60611 ( )
| | - Nicole Azores-Gococo
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Health Disparities and Public Policy Program, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 710 North Lake Shore Dr., Suite 900, Chicago, IL 60611 ( )
| | - Linda Teplin
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Health Disparities and Public Policy Program, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 710 North Lake Shore Dr., Suite 900, Chicago, IL 60611 ( )
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