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Lin Z, Chen X. Place of Birth and Cognitive Function Among Older Americans: Findings From the Harmonized Cognitive Assessment Protocol. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci 2024; 79:gbae126. [PMID: 39037282 PMCID: PMC11322604 DOI: 10.1093/geronb/gbae126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Growing evidence suggests that place of birth (PoB) and related circumstances may have long-lasting and multiplicative contributions to various later-life outcomes. However, the specific contributions to different domains of cognitive function in late life remain less understood. This study investigated the extent to which state of birth contributes to a wide range of domains of later-life cognitive function. METHODS A nationally representative sample of Americans aged 65 and older (N = 3,333) from the Health and Retirement Study (HRS) Harmonized Cognitive Assessment Protocol (HCAP) was utilized. Cognitive function was assessed in HCAP and linked to HRS state of birth data to explore the contribution of PoB to later-life cognitive disparities. Regression-based Shapley decompositions were employed to quantify this contribution. RESULTS PoB significantly contributed to all assessed cognitive domains including memory, executive function, language and fluency, visuospatial function, orientation, and general cognitive function. Geographic disparities in cognitive function were evident across PoB, with individuals born in U.S. southern states and foreign-born individuals performing worse than those born in other states. Overall, state of birth accounted for 2.2%-9.7% of the total variance in cognition after adjusting for age, sex, and race/ethnicity. This contribution declined to 2.0%-7.0% after further adjusting for comprehensive socioeconomic and health factors over the life course, and was robust to the control of current state of residence. DISCUSSION PoB has lasting contributions to later-life cognition, with significant geographic disparities observed. Addressing these disparities requires more equalized place-based policies, resources, and early-life environments to promote health equity over the life course.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuoer Lin
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Department of Economics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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Lin Z, Chen X. Place of Birth and Cognition among Older Americans: Findings from the Harmonized Cognitive Assessment Protocol. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2023:2023.10.12.23296954. [PMID: 37873447 PMCID: PMC10593039 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.12.23296954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
Objectives Growing evidence suggests that place of birth (PoB) and related circumstances may have long-lasting and multiplicative contributions to various later-life outcomes. However, the specific contributions to different domains of cognitive function in late life remain less understood. This study aimed to investigate the extent to which PoB contribute to a wide range of later-life cognitive outcomes. Methods A nationally representative sample of Americans aged 65 and older (N=3,216) from the Health and Retirement Study (HRS) Harmonized Cognitive Assessment Protocol (HCAP) was utilized. Cognitive outcomes were assessed in HCAP and linked to HRS state-level PoB data to explore the contribution of birthplace to later-life cognitive disparities. Regression-based Shapley decompositions were employed to quantify this contribution. Results PoB significantly contributed to all assessed cognitive outcomes including memory, executive function, language and fluency, visuospatial function, orientation, global cognitive performance, cognitive impairment and dementia. Geographic disparities in cognitive outcomes were evident, with individuals born in US southern states and foreign-born individuals performing worse than those born in other states. PoB overall accounted for 2.4-13.9% of the total variance in cognition after adjusting for age and sex. This contribution reduced by half when adjusting for a rich set of sociodemographic and health factors over the life course, but PoB still independently explained 2.0-7.1% of the total variance in cognition. Discussion PoB has lasting contributions to later-life cognitive health, with significant geographic disparities observed. Addressing these disparities requires promoting more equalized place-based policies, resources, and early-life environments to improve health equities over the life course.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuoer Lin
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Economics, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, New Haven, CT, USA
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Maksimov S, Muromtseva G, Kutsenko V, Shalnova S, Evstifeeva S, Drapkina O. Major and minor ECG abnormalities depending on regional living conditions in Russia. Sci Rep 2023; 13:8934. [PMID: 37264214 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-35947-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The goal of our study was to explore the effect of living conditions on the odd of major and minor ECG abnormalities on a large region scale in Russia. For the analysis, cross-sectional data of the Russian study, ESSE-RF 2013-2014, were used. They were collected on a sample of 16,400 subjects from 10 regions of the Russia. ECG abnormalities were grouped into two categories: Major and Minor (sensu the 2009 version of the Minnesota Code Classification System). Regional living conditions were considered comprehensively via five indices combining 33 characteristics of the regions. The estimates were presented as odds ratios and their 95% confidence intervals. The prevalence values of major abnormalities in the sample were 8.4% among women and 9.4% among men (p = 0.021). The prevalence of minor abnormalities constituted 34.1% and 45.9%, respectively (p < 0.001). In men, the odd of major ECG abnormalities increased with the demographic depression growth (1.08: 1.04-1.12) and with industrial development growth in the region (1.12: 1.07-1.17). In women, an increase in the odd of major ECG abnormalities was directly associated with industrial development (1.12: 1.07-1.16) and inversely related to the economic development in the region (0.94: 0.89-0.99). The odd of minor ECG abnormalities in men and women declined with the growth of the regional economic development: OR of 0.95: 0.93-0.98, and OR of 0.92: 0.87-0.99, respectively. The study demonstrated an effect of regional living conditions of the Russian population on the odd of major and minor ECG abnormalities. The most stable and logically explainable relationships were obtained for industrial and economic characteristics of living conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey Maksimov
- National Medical Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Moscow, Russian Federation.
| | - Galina Muromtseva
- National Medical Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Vladimir Kutsenko
- National Medical Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Svetlana Shalnova
- National Medical Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Svetlana Evstifeeva
- National Medical Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Oksana Drapkina
- National Medical Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Moscow, Russian Federation
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Walsemann KM, Pearson J, Abbruzzi E. Education in the Jim Crow South and Black-White inequities in allostatic load among older adults. SSM Popul Health 2022; 19:101224. [PMID: 36124258 PMCID: PMC9482141 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2022.101224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
In the U.S., Black adults consistently have higher allostatic load – an indicator of physiological dysregulation – than White adults. Education is considered a likely mechanism given racial differences in attainment, but evidence is mixed. This may be due, in part, to data limitations that have made it difficult for scholars to account for the structurally rooted systemic racism that shaped the U.S. education system and led to large racial inequities in school term length and school attendance among older adults who grew up in the Jim Crow South. Our study addresses this limitation by linking historical data on Black and White segregated school systems in the U.S. South from 1919 to 1954 to the Health and Retirement Study (HRS) to determine if a new measure of educational attainment that accounts for structural racism that led to differences in the number of school days attended by Black and White students across years and states better explains Black-White inequities in allostatic load among older adults who attended school during Jim Crow. We restrict our sample to HRS respondents racialized as White or Black, who resided in the South when they were school-aged, completed primary/secondary school between 1919 and 1954, and provided a measure of allostatic load (n = 1932). We find that our new measure of schooling – duration in school – reduced the Black-White inequity in allostatic load more so than self-reported years of schooling whether we measured allostatic load continuously (34% vs 16%) or categorically (45% vs 20%). Our findings highlight the importance of identifying and using historically informed measures of schooling that account for structurally rooted systemic racism when trying to understand how education shapes the health of individuals racialized as Black in the United States. U.S. Black adults show greater physiological dysregulation than White adults. Mixed evidence as to whether education explains this inequity. May be due to unmeasured structurally rooted systematic racism in early schooling. Our education measure accounts for race inequity in term length and days attended. This measure explains Black-White inequity in allostatic load.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrina M. Walsemann
- University of Maryland, School of Public Policy & Maryland Population Research Center, United States
- Corresponding author. School of Public Policy 2101 Van Munching Hall College Park, Maryland 20742-1821, United States.
| | - Jay Pearson
- Duke University, Sanford School of Public Policy, United States
| | - Emily Abbruzzi
- University of Maryland, School of Public Policy & Maryland Population Research Center, United States
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REHKOPF DAVIDH, FURSTENBERG FRANKF, ELSER HOLLY, JACKSON CHRISTIAN, LEVY NICOLE, ROWE JOHNW. A US State Index of Successful Aging: Differences Between States and Over Time. Milbank Q 2022; 100:102-133. [PMID: 34812519 PMCID: PMC8932625 DOI: 10.1111/1468-0009.12542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Policy Points The focus of successful aging is on the social contexts that enable individuals to be productively engaged and secure, with an emphasis on equity. There is currently no index to measure progress towards this goal at the US state level. We developed an empirical index for the evaluation of US state adaptation to societal aging across five critical domains that support successful population aging: (1) productivity and engagement, (2) security, (3) equity, (4) cohesion, and (5) well-being. Our index shows substantial variability over time and is not overly influenced by the performance of an individual domain. This suggests that it can be used to monitor state progress over time toward the goal of supporting successful aging. Rather than a major national trend, there are large between-state differences and changes in our index over time. This suggests individual US state policies and programs, as well as local economic conditions, may have a substantial impact on adaptations to societal aging. CONTEXT Although it is recognized that aspects of US state environments impact the likelihood that older adults age successfully, there is currently no reliable and comprehensive measure of contexts that best support successful aging at a state level. The current project adapts a multidimensional index previously used to assess adaptation to successful aging in developed countries and applies it to the 50 US states and the District of Columbia. METHODS We obtained data from multiple sources for all 50 US states and the District of Columbia from 2003 to 2017 in order to measure five distinct domains that define successful population aging: (1) productivity and engagement, (2) security, (3) equity, (4) cohesion, and (5) well-being. We created a ranking of states for the year 2017 based on these domains, and also examined how individual US state rankings changed over time from 2003 to 2017. FINDINGS The level of adaptation to successful aging varied substantially between states and over time. The highest-ranked states in 2017 were Vermont, Hawaii, Iowa, Colorado, and New Hampshire, and the lowest-ranked states were Louisiana, Arkansas, Kentucky, West Virginia, and Mississippi. Mississippi, South Carolina, Iowa, Arizona, and Delaware had the greatest improvement in their ranking over the period of 2003 to 2017. Our findings were generally robust to the weighting scheme used and were not overly influenced by any particular domain. CONCLUSIONS The US State Index of Successful Aging can be used to monitor US state progress in promoting the well-being and health of aging populations. Factors driving the changes in the index remain to be elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - NICOLE LEVY
- Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health
| | - JOHN W. ROWE
- Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health
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Maksimov SA, Balanova YA, Shalnova SA, Muromtseva GA, Kapustina AV, Drapkina OM. Regional living conditions and the prevalence, awareness, treatment, control of hypertension at the individual level in Russia. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:202. [PMID: 35094684 PMCID: PMC8801098 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-12645-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
The objective of our study was to investigate the associations of characteristics inherent in large Russian Federation (RF) regions with prevalence, awareness, treatment and control of hypertension at the individual level.
Methods
Regional characteristics were obtained from the official website of the Federal State Statistics Service of the RF. We employed principal component analysis to reduce the dimensionality of data, which allowed defining five integral regional indices. Prevalence, awareness, treatment and control of hypertension were assessed from the data of the cross-sectional stage of ESSE-RF study conducted in 2013–2014. The final sample included 19,791 patients from 12 RF regions. Generalized estimating equations were used to identify the associations of regional indices with prevalence, awareness, treatment and control of hypertension at the individual level, taking into consideration nested data structures (study subjects in the regions).
Results
The index characterizing deterioration of social living conditions and societal marginalization exhibited positive associations with the prevalence of hypertension among men (OR = 1.18; 95% CI: 1.05–1.32) and elderly people (OR = 1.16; 95% CI: 1.02–1.32). Moreover, deterioration in the social environment was associated with a reduction in treatment (OR = 0.76; 95% CI: 0.64–0.90) and control of hypertension (OR = 0.79; 95% CI: 0.69–0.90). Hypertension awareness was directly connected with demographic crisis (OR = 1.13; 95% CI: 1.02–1.25) and augmented industrial development (OR = 1.15; 95% CI: 1.01–1.33) in the regions. The association of regional living conditions with the prevalence of hypertension is relatively weak, compared to predictors at the individual level, but this influence is important for awareness, treatment and control of hypertension.
Conclusion
The study contributed to evaluating the associations of the vital characteristics inherent in population of large RF regions with arterial hypertension prevalence, as well as with awareness, treatment and control of this disease. Our results provided original insights from the standpoint of cardiovascular disease epidemiology in the RF, as well as in the context of investigating the impact of living conditions on population health.
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Maksimov SA, Shalnova SA, Kutsenko VA, Balanova YA, Muromtseva GA, Kapustina AV, Evstifeeva SE, Imaeva AE, Karamnova NS, Drapkina OM. Effect of regional living conditions on middle-term cardiovascular outcomes: data from prospective stage of the ESSE-RF study. КАРДИОВАСКУЛЯРНАЯ ТЕРАПИЯ И ПРОФИЛАКТИКА 2021. [DOI: 10.15829/1728-8800-2021-2965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim. To assess regional living conditions with cardiovascular outcomes based on prospective stage of the Epidemiology of Cardiovascular Diseases and their Risk Factors in Regions of Russian Federation (ESSE-RF) study.Material and methods. We used data from a 3- and 5-year prospective stage of the ESSE-RF study (2012-2013). For initial screening, 16210 people aged 25-64 were included. To characterize the regions of residence, 5 regional indices (RIs) were used. The following endpoints were considered: cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, stroke, composite endpoint (cardiovascular death + myocardial infarction + stroke). To assess the correlations, generalized estimating equations with nested data structure (individuals in the regions) were used. The studied associations were adjusted for a wide range of potential effect modifiers.Results. There are multiple direct associations of RIs with the likelihood of all endpoints. The exception was the reverse association of Industrial RI with cardiovascular death. The most stable associations regarded Mixed RI, Industrial RI and Socio-geographical RI, with a high RI significance in endpoint development, compared with well-known individual cardiovascular risk factors. Separate associations were noted for Economic RI and Demographic RI.Conclusion. The results indicate a significant contribution of a number of regional living conditions to individual risk of fatal and non-fatal cardiovascular outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. A. Maksimov
- National Medical Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine
| | - S. A. Shalnova
- National Medical Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine
| | - V. A. Kutsenko
- National Medical Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine
| | - Yu. A. Balanova
- National Medical Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine
| | - G. A. Muromtseva
- National Medical Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine
| | - A. V. Kapustina
- National Medical Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine
| | - S. E. Evstifeeva
- National Medical Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine
| | - A. E. Imaeva
- National Medical Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine
| | - N. S. Karamnova
- National Medical Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine
| | - O. M. Drapkina
- National Medical Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine
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Xu W, Topping M, Fletcher J. State of birth and cardiovascular disease mortality: Multilevel analyses of the National Longitudinal Mortality Study. SSM Popul Health 2021; 15:100875. [PMID: 34345647 PMCID: PMC8319560 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2021.100875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading contributor to mortality in the United States. Previous studies have linked early life individual and family factors, along with various contemporaneous place-based exposures to differential individual CVD mortality risk. However, the impacts of early life place exposures and how they compare to the effects of an individual's current place of residence on CVD mortality risk is not well understood. Using the National Longitudinal Mortality Study, this research examined the effects of both state of birth and state of residence on individual's risk of CVD mortality. We estimated individual mortality risk by estimating multi-level logistic regression models. We found that during a follow-up period of 11 years, 18,292 (4.2%) out of 433,345 participants died from CVD. The impact of state of birth on subsequent CVD mortality risk are greater than state of residence, even after adjusting for socio-demographic factors. Individuals who were born in certain states such as Tennessee, Kentucky, and Pennsylvania on average had higher CVD mortality risk. Conversely, those born in California, North Dakota, and Montana were found to have lower risk, no matter where they presently live. This study implies that early life state-level environments may be more prominent to individual's CVD mortality risk, compared to the state in which one lives. Future research should address specific mechanisms through which state of birth may affect people's risk of CVD mortality. State of birth is a stronger predictor of CVD mortality than state of residence. Models including state of birth random effects better predict individual CVD mortality risk. Those born in Tennessee and Kentucky had the highest average CVD mortality risk while those born in California and North Dakota had the lowest risk. Tennessee, Kentucky, Virginia, West Virginia, and Pennsylvania are a cluster of high state of birth effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Xu
- Center for Demography of Health and Aging, University of Wisconsin Madison, 1180 Observatory Drive, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Michael Topping
- Department of Sociology, University of Wisconsin Madison, 1180 Observatory Drive, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Jason Fletcher
- Center for Demography of Health and Aging, University of Wisconsin Madison, 1180 Observatory Drive, WI, 53706, USA.,Department of Sociology, University of Wisconsin Madison, 1180 Observatory Drive, WI, 53706, USA
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Topping M, Kim J, Fletcher J. Geographic variation in Alzheimer's disease mortality. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0254174. [PMID: 34197566 PMCID: PMC8248693 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0254174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Accumulating evidence suggests the possibility that early life exposures may contribute to risk of Alzheimer's Disease (AD). This paper explores geographic disparities in AD mortality based on both state of residence in older age as well as state of birth measures in order to assess the relative importance of these factors. METHODS We use a subset of a large survey, the NIH-AARP Diet and Health Study, of over 150,000 individuals aged 65-70 with 15 years of mortality follow-up, allowing us to study over 1050 cases of AD mortality. We use multi-level logistic regression, where individuals are nested within states of residence and/or states of birth, to assess the contributions of place to AD mortality variation. RESULTS We show that state of birth explains a modest amount of variation in AD mortality, approximately 4%, which is consistent with life course theories that suggest that early life conditions can produce old age health disparities. However, we also show that nearly all of the variation from state of birth is explained by state of residence in old age. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that later life factors are potentially more consequential targets for intervention in reducing AD mortality and provide some evidence against the importance of macro-level environmental exposures at birth as a core determinant of later AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Topping
- Departments of Sociology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Center for Demography of Health and Aging, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Jinho Kim
- Center for Demography of Health and Aging, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Interdisciplinary Program in Precision Public Health, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jason Fletcher
- Departments of Sociology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Center for Demography of Health and Aging, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- La Follette School of Public Affairs, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Agricultural and Applied Economics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Population Health Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
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Topping M, Kim J, Fletcher J. Association and pathways of birth in the stroke belt on old age dementia and stroke Mortality. SSM Popul Health 2021; 15:100841. [PMID: 34195346 PMCID: PMC8233219 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2021.100841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/05/2021] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper uses data from the Diet and Health Study (DHS) to examine associations between being born in a "stroke belt" state and old age stroke and mortality outcomes. Adding to prior work that used administrative data, our paper explores educational and health mechanisms that are both stratified by geography and by mortality outcomes. Using logistic regression, we first replicate earlier findings of elevation in risk of dementia mortality (OR 1.13, CI [1.07, 1.20]) and stroke mortality (OR 1.17, CI [1.07, 1.29]) for white individuals born in a stroke belt state. These associations are largely unaffected by controls for educational attainment or by experiences with surviving a stroke and are somewhat attenuated by controls for self-rated health status in old age. The results suggest a need to consider additional life course mechanisms in order to understand the persistent effects of place of birth on old age mortality patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Topping
- Department of Sociology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, USA.,Center for Demography of Health and Aging, University of Wisconsin-Madison, USA
| | - Jinho Kim
- Center for Demography of Health and Aging, University of Wisconsin-Madison, USA.,Department of Health Policy and Management, Korea University, Republic of Korea.,Interdisciplinary Program in Precision Public Health, Korea University, Republic of Korea
| | - Jason Fletcher
- Department of Sociology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, USA.,Center for Demography of Health and Aging, University of Wisconsin-Madison, USA.,La Follette School of Public Affairs, University of Wisconsin-Madison, USA
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Elser H, Neophytou AM, Tribett E, Galusha D, Modrek S, Noth EM, Meausoone V, Eisen EA, Cantley LF, Cullen MR. Cohort Profile: The American Manufacturing Cohort (AMC) study. Int J Epidemiol 2020; 48:1412-1422j. [PMID: 31220278 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyz059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Holly Elser
- Division of Epidemiology, UC Berkeley School of Public Health, Berkeley, CA, USA.,Center for Population Health Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Andreas M Neophytou
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, UC Berkeley School of Public Health, Berkeley, CA, USA.,Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Erika Tribett
- Center for Population Health Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Deron Galusha
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Sepideh Modrek
- Department of Economics, San Francisco State University, College of Business, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Elizabeth M Noth
- Center for Population Health Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Valerie Meausoone
- Center for Population Health Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Ellen A Eisen
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, UC Berkeley School of Public Health, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Linda F Cantley
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Mark R Cullen
- Center for Population Health Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
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12
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Horner EM, Strombotne K, Huang A, Lapham S. Investigating the Early Life Determinants of Type-II Diabetes Using a Project Talent-Medicare Linked Data-set. SSM Popul Health 2018; 4:189-196. [PMID: 29854904 PMCID: PMC5976829 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2018.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Revised: 12/25/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The increasing prevalence of Type II Diabetes (T2D) presents a serious health and financial public crisis. Our study examines the hypothesis that adolescents' perceptions of economic insecurity, along with absolute and relative socioeconomic status (SES), can contribute to T2D prevalence later in life. Project Talent (PT) Survey data, collected on high school students in 1960, have been linked to Medicare records from 2012, presenting a unique opportunity to examine measures gathered in adolescence and T2D prevalence later-in-life among a large, national, and diverse sample (n=88,849). Our results provide compelling evidence that real, perceived, and relative SES in adolescence have persistent impacts on later-in-life diabetes risk, even when controlling for possible confounders such as cognitive ability, conscientiousness, and early-adulthood educational attainment.
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13
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Hamad R, Rehkopf DH, Kuan KY, Cullen MR. Predicting later life health status and mortality using state-level socioeconomic characteristics in early life. SSM Popul Health 2016; 2:269-276. [PMID: 27713921 PMCID: PMC5047283 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2016.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2015] [Revised: 04/13/2016] [Accepted: 04/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies extending across multiple life stages promote an understanding of factors influencing health across the life span. Existing work has largely focused on individual-level rather than area-level early life determinants of health. In this study, we linked multiple data sets to examine whether early life state-level characteristics were predictive of health and mortality decades later. The sample included 143,755 U.S. employees, for whom work life claims and administrative data were linked with early life state-of-residence and mortality. We first created a "state health risk score" (SHRS) and "state mortality risk score" (SMRS) by modeling state-level contextual characteristics with health status and mortality in a randomly selected 30% of the sample (the "training set"). We then examined the association of these scores with objective health status and mortality in later life in the remaining 70% of the sample (the "test set") using multivariate linear and Cox regressions, respectively. The association between the SHRS and adult health status was β=0.14 (95%CI: 0.084, 0.20), while the hazard ratio for the SMRS was 0.96 (95%CI: 0.93, 1.00). The association between the SHRS and health was not statistically significant in older age groups at a p-level of 0.05, and there was a statistically significantly different association for health status among movers compared to stayers. This study uses a life course perspective and supports the idea of "sensitive periods" in early life that have enduring impacts on health. It adds to the literature examining populations in the U.S. where large linked data sets are infrequently available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Hamad
- Stanford University, Department of Medicine, 1070 Arastradero Road, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - David H. Rehkopf
- Stanford University, Department of Medicine, 1070 Arastradero Road, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Kai Y. Kuan
- Stanford University, Department of Statistics, 390 Serra Mall, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Mark R. Cullen
- Stanford University, Department of Medicine, 1070 Arastradero Road, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
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