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Huang J, Ma T, Wang C, Wang Z, Wang X, Hua B, Jiang C, Yan Z. SOST/Sclerostin impairs the osteogenesis and angiogesis in glucocorticoid-associated osteonecrosis of femoral head. Mol Med 2024; 30:167. [PMID: 39342093 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-024-00933-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/09/2024] [Indexed: 10/01/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glucocorticoid-associated osteonecrosis of the femoral head (GA-ONFH) is a progressive bone disorder which frequently results in femoral head collapse and hip joint dysfunction. Sclerostin (SOST) is principally secreted by osteocytes in bone and plays an important role in bone homeostasis and homeostasis of skeletal integrity. Our previous study reported that short-term use of glucocorticoid increased serum sclerostin levels. Here this study is aimed to identify whether sclerostin played an essential role in the occurrence and development of GA-ONFH. METHODS Glucocorticoid-induced osteonecrosis of femoral head (ARCO stage II) samples were collected and sclerostin staining was conducted. Osteocyte cell line Ocy454, MC3T3-E1 and endothelial cells was used. MC3T3-E1 or endothelial cells were co-cultured with Ocy454 or SOST-silencing Ocy454 in presence of dexamethasone to mimic the crosstalk of various cells in the bone niche. GA-ONFH rat model and SOST knockout model was built to better understand the phenomenon in vivo. RESULTS Sclerostin was highly concentrated in osteonecrosis patient sample in the necrotic area. Co-culture with osteocytes aggravated the inhibition of dexamethasone on MC3T3-E1 and endothelial cells. Sclerostin derived from osteocytes impaired osteogenesis and angiogenesis via inhibiting the Wnt pathway. In GA-ONFH rat model, SOST knockout ameliorated the incidence of osteonecrosis and improved bone metabolism compared with the wild type group through histological, immunohistochemical and bone metabolic analyses. CONCLUSION Sclerostin contribute to pathologic process of GA-ONFH by impairing osteogenesis and angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junming Huang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Feng Lin Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Tianle Ma
- Department of Orthopaedics, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Feng Lin Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Chenzhong Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Feng Lin Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Zhe Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Feng Lin Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Xinyuan Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Feng Lin Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Bingxuan Hua
- Department of Orthopaedics, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Feng Lin Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Chang Jiang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Feng Lin Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Zuoqin Yan
- Department of Orthopaedics, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Feng Lin Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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Onoki T, Kanczler J, Rawlings A, Smith M, Kim YH, Hashimoto K, Aizawa T, Oreffo ROC. Modulation of osteoblastogenesis by NRF2: NRF2 activation suppresses osteogenic differentiation and enhances mineralization in human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells. FASEB J 2024; 38:e23892. [PMID: 39230563 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202400602r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 07/09/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 09/05/2024]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal stem cells (MSCs) or skeletal stem cells (SSCs) play a major role in tissue repair due to their robust ability to differentiate into osteoblasts, chondrocytes, and adipocytes. Complex cell signaling cascades tightly regulate this differentiation. In osteogenic differentiation, Runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2) and ALP activity are essential. Furthermore, during the latter stages of osteogenic differentiation, mineral formation mediated by the osteoblast occurs with the secretion of a collagenous extracellular matrix and calcium deposition. Activation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2), an important transcription factor against oxidative stress, inhibits osteogenic differentiation and mineralization via modulation of RUNX2 function; however, the exact role of NRF2 in osteoblastogenesis remains unclear. Here, we demonstrate that NRF2 activation in human bone marrow-derived stromal cells (HBMSCs) suppressed osteogenic differentiation. NRF2 activation increased the expression of STRO-1 and KITLG (stem cell markers), indicating NRF2 protects HBMSCs stemness against osteogenic differentiation. In contrast, NRF2 activation enhanced mineralization, which is typically linked to osteogenic differentiation. We determined that these divergent results were due in part to the modulation of cellular calcium flux genes by NRF2 activation. The current findings demonstrate a dual role for NRF2 as a HBMSC maintenance factor as well as a central factor in mineralization, with implications therein for elucidation of bone formation and cellular Ca2+ kinetics, dystrophic calcification and, potentially, application in the modulation of bone formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Onoki
- Bone and Joint Research Group, Centre for Human Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration, Institute of Developmental Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Janos Kanczler
- Bone and Joint Research Group, Centre for Human Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration, Institute of Developmental Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Andrew Rawlings
- Bone and Joint Research Group, Centre for Human Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration, Institute of Developmental Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Melanie Smith
- Bone and Joint Research Group, Centre for Human Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration, Institute of Developmental Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Yang-Hee Kim
- Bone and Joint Research Group, Centre for Human Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration, Institute of Developmental Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Ko Hashimoto
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Toshimi Aizawa
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Richard O C Oreffo
- Bone and Joint Research Group, Centre for Human Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration, Institute of Developmental Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
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Lai J, Gong L, Liu Y, Zhang X, Liu W, Han M, Zhou D, Shi S. Associations between gut microbiota and osteoporosis or osteopenia in a cohort of Chinese Han youth. Sci Rep 2024; 14:20948. [PMID: 39251661 PMCID: PMC11385745 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-71731-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 08/30/2024] [Indexed: 09/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis (OP) is a common metabolic bone disease characterized by low bone mass and microstructural deterioration of bone. Changes in the composition and structure of gut microbiota (GM) are related to changes of bone mass and bone microstructure. However, the relationship between GM and bone mineral density (BMD) is complex, and data are especially scarce for Chinese Han youth. Therefore, 62 Chinese Han youth participants were recruited. Furthermore, according to the T-score evaluation criteria of the World Health Organization (WHO), we divided the BMD levels of participants into three groups: osteoporosis\BDL, osteopenia\BDM, normal bone density\BDH, and the associations between GM community and BMD groups were conducted. According to alpha and beta diversity analysis, significant differences were found in the microbial richness and composition between groups. The dominant phyla of GM in a cohort of Chinese Han youth were Bacteroidota (50.6%) and Firmicutes (41.6%). Anaerobic microorganisms, such as g_Faecalibacterium and g_Megamonas, account for the largest proportion in the gut, which were mainly Firmicutes phylum. The dominant genera and species in the three BMD groups were g_Prevotella, g_Bacteroides, g_Faecalibacterium, g_Megamonas, s_Prevotella copri, s_unclassified_g_Faecalibacterium, s_unclassified_g_Prevotella, s_unclassified_g_Bacteroides and s_Bacteroides plebeius. g_Faecalibacterium, g_Bacteroides and g_Ruminococcus differed between the BDH and BDL groups as well as between the BDH and BDM groups. LEfSe showed three genus communities and eight species communities were enriched in the three BMD groups, respectively. The associations between microbial relative abundance and T-score was not statistically significant by Spearman and regression analysis. In conclusion, the alpha diversity indexes in the BDH group were higher than in the BDL group, and several taxa were identified that may be the targets for diagnosis and therapy of OP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junren Lai
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of the Biodiversity Study and Ecology Conservation in Southwest Anhui College of Life Sciences, Anqing Normal University, 246133, Anqing, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Gong
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of the Biodiversity Study and Ecology Conservation in Southwest Anhui College of Life Sciences, Anqing Normal University, 246133, Anqing, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Liu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of the Biodiversity Study and Ecology Conservation in Southwest Anhui College of Life Sciences, Anqing Normal University, 246133, Anqing, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuelian Zhang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of the Biodiversity Study and Ecology Conservation in Southwest Anhui College of Life Sciences, Anqing Normal University, 246133, Anqing, Anhui, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 14430, Urumqi, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenqi Liu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of the Biodiversity Study and Ecology Conservation in Southwest Anhui College of Life Sciences, Anqing Normal University, 246133, Anqing, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Meng Han
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of the Biodiversity Study and Ecology Conservation in Southwest Anhui College of Life Sciences, Anqing Normal University, 246133, Anqing, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Duoqi Zhou
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of the Biodiversity Study and Ecology Conservation in Southwest Anhui College of Life Sciences, Anqing Normal University, 246133, Anqing, Anhui, People's Republic of China.
- School of Life Sciences, 1318 North jixian Road, 246133, Anqing, Anhui, People's Republic of China.
| | - Shuiqin Shi
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of the Biodiversity Study and Ecology Conservation in Southwest Anhui College of Life Sciences, Anqing Normal University, 246133, Anqing, Anhui, People's Republic of China.
- School of Life Sciences, 1318 North jixian Road, 246133, Anqing, Anhui, People's Republic of China.
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Cheng SH, Chu W, Chou WH, Chu WC, Kang YN. Cardiovascular Safety of Romosozumab Compared to Commonly Used Anti-osteoporosis Medications in Postmenopausal Osteoporosis: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Drug Saf 2024:10.1007/s40264-024-01475-9. [PMID: 39227560 DOI: 10.1007/s40264-024-01475-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/06/2024] [Indexed: 09/05/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The aim of this study was to investigate the cardiovascular safety of romosozumab in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis. Romosozumab, a monoclonal antibody targeting sclerostin, has been shown to increase bone mineral density and reduce the risk of osteoporotic fractures. However, in previous studies, romosozumab therapy was identified as a potential risk factor for cardiovascular events, particularly in patients with predisposing cardiovascular disease. METHODS A systematic literature search was performed in the Cochrane Library, Embase, PubMed, and Web of Science databases to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing the safety and efficacy of romosozumab versus alendronate, teriparatide, denosumab, or placebo in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis. Contrast-based network meta-analysis was performed using a random-effects model. The pooled estimates are presented as risk ratios with 95% confidence intervals. RESULTS Of the 5282 articles retrieved, 25 RCTs were included in this review (n = 24,942), and 18 randomized controlled trials (n = 16,777) were included in the network meta-analysis. The results indicated no significant differences in cardiovascular mortality rate between romosozumab and placebo. Regarding the risk of major cardiovascular events, no significant differences were found in the direct evidence or the network meta-analysis with placebo as the reference. CONCLUSION Romosozumab might be a safe option for treating postmenopausal women with osteoporosis. The cardiovascular concerns associated with this treatment seem less significant than previously suggested, although additional real-world data are required to confirm this conclusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Hao Cheng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Yang-Ming Chiao-Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Orthopedics, Cheng Hsin General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Orthopedics, Wan Fang Hospital, Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - William Chu
- Department of Orthopedics, Cheng Hsin General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Sciences, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Hsiang Chou
- Department of Orthopedics, Cheng Hsin General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Woei-Chyn Chu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Yang-Ming Chiao-Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Yi-No Kang
- National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Sciences, Taipei, Taiwan.
- Evidence-Based Medicine Center, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
- Institute of Health Policy and Management, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
- Cochrane Taiwan, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Zhang J, Cao J, Liu Y, Zhao H. Advances in the Pathogenesis of Steroid-Associated Osteonecrosis of the Femoral Head. Biomolecules 2024; 14:667. [PMID: 38927070 PMCID: PMC11202272 DOI: 10.3390/biom14060667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH) is a refractory orthopedic condition characterized by bone cell ischemia, necrosis, bone trabecular fracture, and clinical symptoms such as pain, femoral head collapse, and joint dysfunction that can lead to disability. The disability rate of ONFH is very high, which imposes a significant economic burden on both families and society. Steroid-associated osteonecrosis of the femoral head (SANFH) is the most common type of ONFH. However, the pathogenesis of SANFH remains unclear, and it is an urgent challenge for orthopedic surgeons to explore it. In this paper, the pathogenesis of SANFH and its related signaling pathways were briefly reviewed to enhance comprehension of the pathogenesis and prevention of SANFH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhang
- The First Clinical College of Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; (J.Z.); (J.C.); (Y.L.)
| | - Jianze Cao
- The First Clinical College of Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; (J.Z.); (J.C.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yongfei Liu
- The First Clinical College of Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; (J.Z.); (J.C.); (Y.L.)
| | - Haiyan Zhao
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
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Wang B, Wang W, Li J, Li J. Zinc finger protein 36 like 2-histone deacetylase 1 axis is involved in the bone responses to mechanical stress. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2024; 1870:167162. [PMID: 38604490 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2024.167162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
The molecular mechanism underlying the promotion of fracture healing by mechanical stimuli remains unclear. The present study aimed to investigate the role of zinc finger protein 36 like 2 (ZFP36L2)-histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1) axis on the osteogenic responses to moderate mechanical stimulation. Appropriate stimulation of fluid shear stress (FSS) was performed on MC3T3-E1 cells transduced with ZFP36L2 and HDAC1 recombinant adenoviruses, aiming to validate the influence of mechanical stress on the expression of ZFP36L2-HDAC1 and the osteogenic differentiation and mineralization. The results showed that moderate FSS stimulation significantly upregulated the expression of ZFP36L2 in MC3T3-E1 cells (p < 0.01). The overexpression of ZFP36L1 markedly enhanced the levels of osteogenic differentiation markers, including bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2), runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), Osterix, and collagen type I alpha 1 (COL1A1) (p < 0.01). ZFP36L2 accelerated the degradation of HDAC1 by specifically binding to its 3' UTR region, thereby fulfilling its function at the post-transcriptional regulatory gene level and promoting the osteogenic differentiation and mineralization fate of cells. Mechanical unloading notably diminished/elevated the expression of ZFP36L2/HDAC1, decreased bone mineral density and bone volume fraction, hindered the release of osteogenic-related factors and vascular endothelial growth factor in callus tissue (p < 0.01), and was detrimental to fracture healing. Collectively, proper stress stimulation plays a crucial role in facilitating osteogenesis through the promotion of ZFP36L2 and subsequent degradation of HDAC1. Targeting ZFP36L2-HDAC1 axis may provide promising insights to enhance bone defect healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingyu Li
- Department of Ultrasound, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jianjun Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, People's Republic of China.
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Wen L, Liu Z, Zhou L, Liu Z, Li Q, Geng B, Xia Y. Bone and Extracellular Signal-Related Kinase 5 (ERK5). Biomolecules 2024; 14:556. [PMID: 38785963 PMCID: PMC11117709 DOI: 10.3390/biom14050556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Bones are vital for anchoring muscles, tendons, and ligaments, serving as a fundamental element of the human skeletal structure. However, our understanding of bone development mechanisms and the maintenance of bone homeostasis is still limited. Extracellular signal-related kinase 5 (ERK5), a recently identified member of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) family, plays a critical role in the pathogenesis and progression of various diseases, especially neoplasms. Recent studies have highlighted ERK5's significant role in both bone development and bone-associated pathologies. This review offers a detailed examination of the latest research on ERK5 in different tissues and diseases, with a particular focus on its implications for bone health. It also examines therapeutic strategies and future research avenues targeting ERK5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wen
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital & Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China; (L.W.); (Z.L.); (L.Z.); (Z.L.); (Q.L.); (B.G.)
- Orthopedic Clinical Medical Research Center and Intelligent Orthopedic Industry Technology Center of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730030, China
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University, Kunming 650032, China
| | - Zirui Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital & Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China; (L.W.); (Z.L.); (L.Z.); (Z.L.); (Q.L.); (B.G.)
- Orthopedic Clinical Medical Research Center and Intelligent Orthopedic Industry Technology Center of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Libo Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital & Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China; (L.W.); (Z.L.); (L.Z.); (Z.L.); (Q.L.); (B.G.)
- Orthopedic Clinical Medical Research Center and Intelligent Orthopedic Industry Technology Center of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Zhongcheng Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital & Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China; (L.W.); (Z.L.); (L.Z.); (Z.L.); (Q.L.); (B.G.)
- Orthopedic Clinical Medical Research Center and Intelligent Orthopedic Industry Technology Center of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Qingda Li
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital & Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China; (L.W.); (Z.L.); (L.Z.); (Z.L.); (Q.L.); (B.G.)
- Orthopedic Clinical Medical Research Center and Intelligent Orthopedic Industry Technology Center of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Bin Geng
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital & Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China; (L.W.); (Z.L.); (L.Z.); (Z.L.); (Q.L.); (B.G.)
- Orthopedic Clinical Medical Research Center and Intelligent Orthopedic Industry Technology Center of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Yayi Xia
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital & Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China; (L.W.); (Z.L.); (L.Z.); (Z.L.); (Q.L.); (B.G.)
- Orthopedic Clinical Medical Research Center and Intelligent Orthopedic Industry Technology Center of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730030, China
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Daponte V, Henke K, Drissi H. Current perspectives on the multiple roles of osteoclasts: Mechanisms of osteoclast-osteoblast communication and potential clinical implications. eLife 2024; 13:e95083. [PMID: 38591777 PMCID: PMC11003748 DOI: 10.7554/elife.95083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Bone remodeling is a complex process involving the coordinated actions of osteoblasts and osteoclasts to maintain bone homeostasis. While the influence of osteoblasts on osteoclast differentiation is well established, the reciprocal regulation of osteoblasts by osteoclasts has long remained enigmatic. In the past few years, a fascinating new role for osteoclasts has been unveiled in promoting bone formation and facilitating osteoblast migration to the remodeling sites through a number of different mechanisms, including the release of factors from the bone matrix following bone resorption and direct cell-cell interactions. Additionally, considerable evidence has shown that osteoclasts can secrete coupling factors known as clastokines, emphasizing the crucial role of these cells in maintaining bone homeostasis. Due to their osteoprotective function, clastokines hold great promise as potential therapeutic targets for bone diseases. However, despite long-standing work to uncover new clastokines and their effect in vivo, more substantial efforts are still required to decipher the mechanisms and pathways behind their activity in order to translate them into therapies. This comprehensive review provides insights into our evolving understanding of the osteoclast function, highlights the significance of clastokines in bone remodeling, and explores their potential as treatments for bone diseases suggesting future directions for the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Daponte
- Department of Orthopaedics, Emory University School of MedicineAtlantaUnited States
- VA Medical CenterAtlantaUnited States
| | - Katrin Henke
- Department of Orthopaedics, Emory University School of MedicineAtlantaUnited States
| | - Hicham Drissi
- Department of Orthopaedics, Emory University School of MedicineAtlantaUnited States
- VA Medical CenterAtlantaUnited States
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Yao C, Sun J, Luo W, Chen H, Chen T, Chen C, Zhang B, Zhang Y. Down-expression of miR-494-3p in senescent osteocyte-derived exosomes inhibits osteogenesis and accelerates age-related bone loss via PTEN/PI3K/AKT pathway. Bone Joint Res 2024; 13:52-65. [PMID: 38295830 PMCID: PMC10830172 DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.132.bjr-2023-0146.r2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Aims To investigate the effects of senescent osteocytes on bone homeostasis in the progress of age-related osteoporosis and explore the underlying mechanism. Methods In a series of in vitro experiments, we used tert-Butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP) to induce senescence of MLO-Y4 cells successfully, and collected conditioned medium (CM) and senescent MLO-Y4 cell-derived exosomes, which were then applied to MC3T3-E1 cells, separately, to evaluate their effects on osteogenic differentiation. Furthermore, we identified differentially expressed microRNAs (miRNAs) between exosomes from senescent and normal MLO-Y4 cells by high-throughput RNA sequencing. Based on the key miRNAs that were discovered, the underlying mechanism by which senescent osteocytes regulate osteogenic differentiation was explored. Lastly, in the in vivo experiments, the effects of senescent MLO-Y4 cell-derived exosomes on age-related bone loss were evaluated in male SAMP6 mice, which excluded the effects of oestrogen, and the underlying mechanism was confirmed. Results The CM and exosomes collected from senescent MLO-Y4 cells inhibited osteogenic differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells. RNA sequencing detected significantly lower expression of miR-494-3p in senescent MLO-Y4 cell-derived exosomes compared with normal exosomes. The upregulation of exosomal miR-494-3p by miRNA mimics attenuated the effects of senescent MLO-Y4 cell-derived exosomes on osteogenic differentiation. Luciferase reporter assay demonstrated that miR-494-3p targeted phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN), which is a negative regulator of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT pathway. Overexpression of PTEN or inhibition of the PI3K/AKT pathway blocked the functions of exosomal miR-494-3p. In SAMP6 mice, senescent MLO-Y4 cell-derived exosomes accelerated bone loss, which was rescued by upregulation of exosomal miR-494-3p. Conclusion Reduced expression of miR-494-3p in senescent osteocyte-derived exosomes inhibits osteogenic differentiation and accelerates age-related bone loss via PTEN/PI3K/AKT pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Yao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jie Sun
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wanxin Luo
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tianhao Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Cao Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yafeng Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
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10
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Paranthaman M, Ganesh KAB, Silambanan S, Venkatapathy KV. Serum sclerostin levels as a diagnostic marker for osteoporosis. Bioinformation 2024; 20:54. [PMID: 38352898 PMCID: PMC10859939 DOI: 10.6026/973206300200054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2024] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis is asymptomatic, in which low bone-mass and micro-architectural deterioration of bone tissue leads to increasing bone fragility and fracture. Vertebral and hip fractures lead to increased mortality, resulting in enormous health care costs. BMD testing by DEXA is used in diagnosis of osteoporosis. However, low-and middle-income populations are unable to conduct periodic examinations of bone mineral status. Thus, current study is mainly aimed at finding a cost-effective diagnostic-marker for osteoporosis. 170 participants, of whom 51 had osteoporosis, 62 had osteopenia and 57 had normal bone-mass. Selection of individuals was based on DEXA scan BMD. Sclerostin was determined by ELISA. The variables were compared using ANOVA test and ROC analysis was performed. Sclerostin levels were significantly decreased in osteoporosis (4.62 ± 1.6 ng/mL) and osteopenia (4.92 ± 1.4 ng/mL) compared with controls (5.74 ± 1.3 ng/mL), (p < 0.0001). Sclerostin level 5.6 ng/mL is the cut-off value for diagnostic purpose, according to good sensitivity and specificity. In patients with osteopenia and osteoporosis, decreased sclerostin levels were associated with an increased disease risk. These relationships were independent of BMD and bone turnover, suggesting that Sclerostin levels may reflect disease-severity in osteoporosis. Sclerostin measurements could become a useful clinical index for diagnosis of osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Modagan Paranthaman
- Department of Biochemistry, Dhanalakshmi Srinivasan Medical College and Hospital, Affiliated to The Tamilnadu Dr MGR Medical University, Perambalur 621 113, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - K.S.V. Angu Bala Ganesh
- Department of Anatomy, Gujarat Adani Insitute of Medical Science, Bhuj, Gujarat 370001, India
| | - Santhi Silambanan
- Department of Biochemistry, Sri Ramachandra Medical College, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Porur, Chennai 600 116, Tamil Nadu, India
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Tanaka T, Miyakoshi Y, Kobayashi Y, Xiaolong S, Daiyang Y, Ochi H, Sato S, Kato T, Yoshii T, Okawa A, Kaldis P, Inose H. Regulation of Osteoblast to Osteocyte Differentiation by Cyclin-Dependent Kinase-1. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2023; 7:e2300136. [PMID: 37424388 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202300136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
Osteocytes have recently been identified as a new regulator of bone remodeling, but the detailed mechanism of their differentiation from osteoblasts remains unclear. The purpose of this study is to identify cell cycle regulators involved in the differentiation of osteoblasts into osteocytes and determine their physiological significance. The study uses IDG-SW3 cells as a model for the differentiation from osteoblasts to osteocytes. Among the major cyclin-dependent kinases (Cdks), Cdk1 is most abundantly expressed in IDG-SW3 cells, and its expression is down-regulated during differentiation into osteocytes. Inhibition of CDK1 activity reduces IDG-SW3 cell proliferation and differentiation into osteocytes. Osteocyte and Osteoblast-specific Cdk1 knockout in mice (Dmp1-Cdk1KO ) results in trabecular bone loss. Pthlh expression increases during differentiation, but inhibiting CDK1 activity reduces Pthlh expression. Parathyroid hormone-related protein concentration is reduced in the bone marrow of Dmp1-Cdk1KO mice. Four weeks of Parathyroid hormone administration partially recovers the trabecular bone loss in Dmp1-Cdk1KO mice. These results demonstrate that Cdk1 plays an essential role in the differentiation from osteoblast to osteocyte and the acquisition and maintenance of bone mass. The findings contribute to a better understanding of the mechanisms of bone mass regulation and can help develop efficient therapeutic strategies for osteoporosis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoyuki Tanaka
- Department of Orthopaedics, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8519, Japan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Dokkyo Medical University Saitama Medical Center, 2-1-50 Minamikoshigaya, Koshigaya-shi, Saitama, 343-8555, Japan
| | - Yuri Miyakoshi
- Department of Orthopaedics, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8519, Japan
| | - Yutaka Kobayashi
- Department of Orthopaedics, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8519, Japan
| | - Sun Xiaolong
- Department of Orthopaedics, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8519, Japan
| | - Yu Daiyang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8519, Japan
| | - Hiroki Ochi
- Department of Rehabilitation for Movement Functions, Research Institute, National Rehabilitation Center for Persons with Disabilities, 4-1 Namiki, Tokorozawa, Saitama, 359-8555, Japan
| | - Shingo Sato
- Center for Innovative Cancer Treatment, Tokyo Medical and Dental University Hospital, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8519, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Kato
- Department of Orthopaedics, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8519, Japan
| | - Toshitaka Yoshii
- Department of Orthopaedics, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8519, Japan
| | - Atsushi Okawa
- Department of Orthopaedics, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8519, Japan
| | - Philipp Kaldis
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Clinical Research Centre (CRC) Box 50332, Malmö, SE-202 13, Sweden
- Lund University Diabetes Centre (LUDC), Lund University, Malmö, SE-202 13, Sweden
| | - Hiroyuki Inose
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Dokkyo Medical University Saitama Medical Center, 2-1-50 Minamikoshigaya, Koshigaya-shi, Saitama, 343-8555, Japan
- Department of Orthopedic and Trauma Research, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8519, Japan
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12
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Akyer SP, Karagur ER, Ata MT, Toprak EK, Donmez AC, Donmez BO. Verbascoside Inhibits/Repairs the Damage of LPS-Induced Inflammation by Regulating Apoptosis, Oxidative Stress, and Bone Remodeling. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:8755-8766. [PMID: 37998727 PMCID: PMC10670241 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45110550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteocytes play an important role as regulators of both osteoclasts and osteoblasts, and some proteins that are secreted from them play a role in bone remodeling and modeling. LPS affects bone structure because it is an inflammatory factor, despite verbascoside's potential for bone preservation and healing. Osteocytes may also be involved in the control of the bone's response to immunological changes in inflammatory situations. MLO-Y4 cells were cultured in either supplemented -MEM alone with a low serum to inhibit cell growth or media with LPS (10 ng/mL) and/or verbascoside (50 g/mL) to show the LPS effect. In our research, LPS treatment increased RANKL levels while decreasing OPG and RUNX2 expression. Treatment with verbascoside reduced RANKL expression. In our work, verbascoside increased the expression of OPG and RUNX2. In MLO-Y4 cells exposed to verbascoside, SOD, CAT, and GSH activities as well as the expression levels of bone mineralization proteins like PHEX, RUNX2, and OPG were all elevated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahika Pinar Akyer
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Pamukkale University, Kinikli, Str. No. 11, 20160 Denizli, Turkey;
| | - Ege Rıza Karagur
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Pamukkale University, Kinikli, Str. No. 11, 20160 Denizli, Turkey;
| | - Melek Tunc Ata
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Pamukkale University, Kinikli, Str. No. 11, 20160 Denizli, Turkey; (M.T.A.); (E.K.T.)
| | - Emine Kilic Toprak
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Pamukkale University, Kinikli, Str. No. 11, 20160 Denizli, Turkey; (M.T.A.); (E.K.T.)
| | - Aysegul Cort Donmez
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Pamukkale University, Kinikli, Str. No. 11, 20160 Denizli, Turkey;
| | - Baris Ozgur Donmez
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Pamukkale University, Kinikli, Str. No. 11, 20160 Denizli, Turkey;
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Ungureanu E, Vladescu (Dragomir) A, Parau AC, Mitran V, Cimpean A, Tarcolea M, Vranceanu DM, Cotrut CM. In Vitro Evaluation of Ag- and Sr-Doped Hydroxyapatite Coatings for Medical Applications. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:5428. [PMID: 37570133 PMCID: PMC10419960 DOI: 10.3390/ma16155428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
Osseointegration plays the most important role in the success of an implant. One of the applications of hydroxyapatite (HAp) is as a coating for metallic implants due to its bioactive nature, which improves osteoconduction. The purpose of this research was to assess the in vitro behavior of HAp undoped and doped with Ag and/or Sr obtained by galvanostatic pulsed electrochemical deposition. The coatings were investigated in terms of chemical bonds, contact angle and surface free energy, electrochemical behavior, in vitro biomineralization in acellular media (SBF and PBS), and biocompatibility with preosteoblasts cells (MC3T3-E1 cell line). The obtained results highlighted the beneficial impact of Ag and/or Sr on the HAp. The FTIR spectra confirmed the presence of hydroxyapatite within all coatings, while in terms of wettability, the contact angle and surface free energy investigations showed that all surfaces were hydrophilic. The in vitro behavior of MC3T3-E1 indicated that the presence of Sr in the HAp coatings as a unique doping agent or in combination with Ag elicited improved cytocompatibility in terms of cell proliferation and osteogenic differentiation. Therefore, the composite HAp-based coatings showed promising potential for bone regeneration applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Ungureanu
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 313 Independentei Street, 060042 Bucharest, Romania; (E.U.); (M.T.)
| | - Alina Vladescu (Dragomir)
- Department for Advanced Surface Processing and Analysis by Vacuum Technologies, National Institute of Research and Development for Optoelectronics—INOE 2000, 409 Atomistilor Street, 77125 Magurele, Romania (A.C.P.)
| | - Anca C. Parau
- Department for Advanced Surface Processing and Analysis by Vacuum Technologies, National Institute of Research and Development for Optoelectronics—INOE 2000, 409 Atomistilor Street, 77125 Magurele, Romania (A.C.P.)
| | - Valentina Mitran
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Bucharest, 91-95 Independentei Street, 050095 Bucharest, Romania; (V.M.); (A.C.)
| | - Anisoara Cimpean
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Bucharest, 91-95 Independentei Street, 050095 Bucharest, Romania; (V.M.); (A.C.)
| | - Mihai Tarcolea
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 313 Independentei Street, 060042 Bucharest, Romania; (E.U.); (M.T.)
| | - Diana M. Vranceanu
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 313 Independentei Street, 060042 Bucharest, Romania; (E.U.); (M.T.)
| | - Cosmin M. Cotrut
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 313 Independentei Street, 060042 Bucharest, Romania; (E.U.); (M.T.)
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14
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Li W, Li W, Zhang W, Wang H, Yu L, Yang P, Qin Y, Gan M, Yang X, Huang L, Hao Y, Geng D. Exogenous melatonin ameliorates steroid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head by modulating ferroptosis through GDF15-mediated signaling. Stem Cell Res Ther 2023; 14:171. [PMID: 37400902 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-023-03371-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ferroptosis is an iron-related form of programmed cell death. Accumulating evidence has identified the pathogenic role of ferroptosis in multiple orthopedic disorders. However, the relationship between ferroptosis and SONFH is still unclear. In addition, despite being a common disease in orthopedics, there is still no effective treatment for SONFH. Therefore, clarifying the pathogenic mechanism of SONFH and investigating pharmacologic inhibitors from approved clinical drugs for SONFH is an effective strategy for clinical translation. Melatonin (MT), an endocrine hormone that has become a popular dietary supplement because of its excellent antioxidation, was supplemented from an external source to treat glucocorticoid-induced damage in this study. METHODS Methylprednisolone, a commonly used glucocorticoid in the clinic, was selected to simulate glucocorticoid-induced injury in the current study. Ferroptosis was observed through the detection of ferroptosis-associated genes, lipid peroxidation and mitochondrial function. Bioinformatics analysis was performed to explore the mechanism of SONFH. In addition, a melatonin receptor antagonist and shGDF15 were applied to block the therapeutic effect of MT to further confirm the mechanism. Finally, cell experiments and the SONFH rat model were used to detect the therapeutic effects of MT. RESULTS MT alleviated bone loss in SONFH rats by maintaining BMSC activity through suppression of ferroptosis. The results are further verified by the melatonin MT2 receptor antagonist that can block the therapeutic effects of MT. In addition, bioinformatic analysis and subsequent experiments confirmed that growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15), a stress response cytokine, was downregulated in the process of SONFH. On the contrary, MT treatment increased the expression of GDF15 in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. Lastly, rescue experiments performed with shGDF15 confirmed that GDF15 plays a key role in the therapeutic effects of melatonin. CONCLUSIONS We proposed that MT attenuated SONFH by inhibiting ferroptosis through the regulation of GDF15, and supplementation with exogenous MT might be a promising method for the treatment of SONFH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenming Li
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Road, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Wenhao Li
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Road, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Road, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Hongzhi Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Taizhou People's Hospital, Taizhou, 225300, China
| | - Lei Yu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Road, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Peng Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Road, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Yi Qin
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Road, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Minfeng Gan
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Road, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Xing Yang
- Orthopedics and Sports Medicine Center, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 242 Guangji Road, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Lixin Huang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Road, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Yuefeng Hao
- Orthopedics and Sports Medicine Center, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 242 Guangji Road, Suzhou, 215006, China.
| | - Dechun Geng
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Road, Suzhou, 215006, China.
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15
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Luo F, Xie Y, Chen H, Huang J, Li C, Chen L, Yang J, Su N. Fgfr1 deficiency in osteocytes leads to increased bone mass by enhancing Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Bone 2023:116817. [PMID: 37268269 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2023.116817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Osteoporosis (OP) is the most common skeletal disease in middle-aged and elderly people. A comprehensive understanding of the pathogenesis of osteoporosis is important. Fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR1) is an important molecule for skeletal development and bone remodeling. Osteocytes are the most numerous cells in bone and play critical roles in bone homeostasis, however the effect of FGFR1 on osteocytes is still unclear. To clarify the direct effects of FGFR1 on osteocytes, we conditionally deleted Fgfr1 in osteocytes with Dentin matrix protein 1 (Dmp1)-Cre. We found that mice lacking Fgfr1 in osteocytes (Fgfr1f/f;Dmp-cre, MUT) showed increased trabecular bone mass at 2 and 6 months of age, which resulted from enhanced bone formation and decreased bone resorption. Furthermore, the cortical bone was thicker in WT mice than that in MUT mice at 2 and 6 months of age. Histological analysis showed that MUT mice had a decreased number of osteocytes but an increased number of osteocyte dendrites. We further found that mice lacking Fgfr1 in osteocytes showed enhanced activation of β-catenin signaling. The expression of sclerostin, an inhibitor of Wnt/β-catenin signaling, was obviously decreased in MUT mice. Furthermore, we found that FGFR1 can inhibit the expression of β-catenin and decrease the activity of β-catenin signaling. In brief, our study showed that FGFR1 in osteocytes can regulate bone mass by regulating Wnt/β-catenin signaling, providing genetic evidence that FGFR1 plays essential roles in osteocytes during bone remodeling and suggesting that FGFR1 is a potential therapeutic target for the prevention of bone loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengtao Luo
- Center of Bone Metabolism and Repair, Department of Wound Repair and Rehabilitation Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, PR China; Emergency Department of the 940th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Lanzhou, Gansu, PR China
| | - Yangli Xie
- Center of Bone Metabolism and Repair, Department of Wound Repair and Rehabilitation Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Hangang Chen
- Center of Bone Metabolism and Repair, Department of Wound Repair and Rehabilitation Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Junlan Huang
- Center of Bone Metabolism and Repair, Department of Wound Repair and Rehabilitation Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Can Li
- Center of Bone Metabolism and Repair, Department of Wound Repair and Rehabilitation Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Lin Chen
- Center of Bone Metabolism and Repair, Department of Wound Repair and Rehabilitation Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, PR China.
| | - Jing Yang
- Center of Bone Metabolism and Repair, Department of Wound Repair and Rehabilitation Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, PR China.
| | - Nan Su
- Center of Bone Metabolism and Repair, Department of Wound Repair and Rehabilitation Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, PR China.
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16
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Dvorakova J, Wiesnerova L, Chocholata P, Kulda V, Landsmann L, Cedikova M, Kripnerova M, Eberlova L, Babuska V. Human cells with osteogenic potential in bone tissue research. Biomed Eng Online 2023; 22:33. [PMID: 37013601 PMCID: PMC10069154 DOI: 10.1186/s12938-023-01096-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone regeneration after injury or after surgical bone removal due to disease is a serious medical challenge. A variety of materials are being tested to replace a missing bone or tooth. Regeneration requires cells capable of proliferation and differentiation in bone tissue. Although there are many possible human cell types available for use as a model for each phase of this process, no cell type is ideal for each phase. Osteosarcoma cells are preferred for initial adhesion assays due to their easy cultivation and fast proliferation, but they are not suitable for subsequent differentiation testing due to their cancer origin and genetic differences from normal bone tissue. Mesenchymal stem cells are more suitable for biocompatibility testing, because they mimic natural conditions in healthy bone, but they proliferate more slowly, soon undergo senescence, and some subpopulations may exhibit weak osteodifferentiation. Primary human osteoblasts provide relevant results in evaluating the effect of biomaterials on cellular activity; however, their resources are limited for the same reasons, like for mesenchymal stem cells. This review article provides an overview of cell models for biocompatibility testing of materials used in bone tissue research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Dvorakova
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Alej Svobody 1655/76, 323 00, Plzen, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Wiesnerova
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Alej Svobody 1655/76, 323 00, Plzen, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Chocholata
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Alej Svobody 1655/76, 323 00, Plzen, Czech Republic
| | - Vlastimil Kulda
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Alej Svobody 1655/76, 323 00, Plzen, Czech Republic
| | - Lukas Landsmann
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Alej Svobody 1655/76, 323 00, Plzen, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslava Cedikova
- Biomedical Center, Laboratory of Tumor Biology and Immunotherapy, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Alej Svobody 1655/76, 323 00, Plzen, Czech Republic
| | - Michaela Kripnerova
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Alej Svobody 1655/76, 323 00, Plzen, Czech Republic
| | - Lada Eberlova
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Alej Svobody 1655/76, 323 00, Plzen, Czech Republic
| | - Vaclav Babuska
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Alej Svobody 1655/76, 323 00, Plzen, Czech Republic.
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17
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Brent MB. Pharmaceutical treatment of bone loss: From animal models and drug development to future treatment strategies. Pharmacol Ther 2023; 244:108383. [PMID: 36933702 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2023.108383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Abstract
Animal models are fundamental to advance our knowledge of the underlying pathophysiology of bone loss and to study pharmaceutical countermeasures against it. The animal model of post-menopausal osteoporosis from ovariectomy is the most widely used preclinical approach to study skeletal deterioration. However, several other animal models exist, each with unique characteristics such as bone loss from disuse, lactation, glucocorticoid excess, or exposure to hypobaric hypoxia. The present review aimed to provide a comprehensive overview of these animal models to emphasize the importance and significance of investigating bone loss and pharmaceutical countermeasures from perspectives other than post-menopausal osteoporosis only. Hence, the pathophysiology and underlying cellular mechanisms involved in the various types of bone loss are different, and this might influence which prevention and treatment strategies are the most effective. In addition, the review sought to map the current landscape of pharmaceutical countermeasures against osteoporosis with an emphasis on how drug development has changed from being driven by clinical observations and enhancement or repurposing of existing drugs to today's use of targeted anti-bodies that are the result of advanced insights into the underlying molecular mechanisms of bone formation and resorption. Moreover, new treatment combinations or repurposing opportunities of already approved drugs with a focus on dabigatran, parathyroid hormone and abaloparatide, growth hormone, inhibitors of the activin signaling pathway, acetazolamide, zoledronate, and romosozumab are discussed. Despite the considerable progress in drug development, there is still a clear need to improve treatment strategies and develop new pharmaceuticals against various types of osteoporosis. The review also highlights that new treatment indications should be explored using multiple animal models of bone loss in order to ensure a broad representation of different types of skeletal deterioration instead of mainly focusing on primary osteoporosis from post-menopausal estrogen deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikkel Bo Brent
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Denmark, Wilhelm Meyers Allé 3, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.
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18
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Zastulka A, Clichici S, Tomoaia-Cotisel M, Mocanu A, Roman C, Olteanu CD, Culic B, Mocan T. Recent Trends in Hydroxyapatite Supplementation for Osteoregenerative Purposes. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:1303. [PMID: 36770309 PMCID: PMC9919169 DOI: 10.3390/ma16031303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Bone regeneration has gained attention in the biomedical field, which has led to the development of materials and synthesis methods meant to improve osseointegration and cellular bone activity. The properties of hydroxyapatite, a type of calcium phosphate, have been researched to determine its advantages for bone tissue engineering, particularly its biocompatibility and ability to interact with bone cells. Recently, the advantages of utilizing nanomolecules of hydroxyapatite, combined with various substances, in order to enhance and combine their characteristics, have been reported in the literature. This review will outline the cellular and molecular roles of hydroxypatite, its interactions with bone cells, and its nano-combinations with various ions and natural products and their effects on bone growth, development, and bone repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Zastulka
- Physiology Department, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 1 Clinicilor Street, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Simona Clichici
- Physiology Department, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 1 Clinicilor Street, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Maria Tomoaia-Cotisel
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Research Center in Physical Chemistry, Babes-Bolyai University of Cluj-Napoca, 11 Arany Janos Str., 400028 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Academy of Romanian Scientists, 3 Ilfov Str., 050044 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Aurora Mocanu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Research Center in Physical Chemistry, Babes-Bolyai University of Cluj-Napoca, 11 Arany Janos Str., 400028 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Cecilia Roman
- INCDO-INOE 2000, Research Institute for Analytical Instrumentation, 400296 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Cristian-Doru Olteanu
- Orthodontic Department, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 31 Avram Iancu Street, 400083 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Bogdan Culic
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry and Dental Materials, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 32 Clinicilor Street, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Teodora Mocan
- Physiology Department, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 1 Clinicilor Street, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Nanomedicine Department, Regional Institute of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Cluj-Napoca, 5 Constanta Street, 400158 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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19
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Marcucci G, Domazetovic V, Nediani C, Ruzzolini J, Favre C, Brandi ML. Oxidative Stress and Natural Antioxidants in Osteoporosis: Novel Preventive and Therapeutic Approaches. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12020373. [PMID: 36829932 PMCID: PMC9952369 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12020373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
This review reports in detail the cellular and molecular mechanisms which regulate the bone remodeling process in relation to oxidative stress (OS), inflammatory factors, and estrogen deficiency. OS is considered an important pathogenic factor of osteoporosis, inducing osteocyte apoptosis and varying levels of specific factors, such as receptor activator κB ligand (RANKL), sclerostin, and, according to recent evidence, fibroblast growth factor 23, with consequent impairment of bone remodeling and high bone resorption. Bone loss increases the risk of fragility fractures, and the most commonly used treatments are antiresorptive drugs, followed by anabolic drugs or those with a double effect. In addition, recent data show that natural antioxidants contained in the diet are efficient in preventing and reducing the negative effects of OS on bone remodeling and osteocytes through the involvement of sirtuin type 1 enzyme. Indeed, osteocytes and some of their molecular factors are considered potential biological targets on which antioxidants can act to prevent and reduce bone loss, as well as to promote bone anabolic and regenerative processes by restoring physiological bone remodeling. Several data suggest including antioxidants in novel therapeutic approaches to develop better management strategies for the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis and OS-related bone diseases. In particular, anthocyanins, as well as resveratrol, lycopene, oleuropein, some vitamins, and thiol antioxidants, could have protective and therapeutic anti-osteoporotic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gemma Marcucci
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Vladana Domazetovic
- Department of Paediatric Haematology-Oncology, Meyer Children’s Hospital IRCCS, 50139 Florence, Italy
| | - Chiara Nediani
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Jessica Ruzzolini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Claudio Favre
- Department of Paediatric Haematology-Oncology, Meyer Children’s Hospital IRCCS, 50139 Florence, Italy
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20
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Dincel AS, Jørgensen NR. New Emerging Biomarkers for Bone Disease: Sclerostin and Dickkopf-1 (DKK1). Calcif Tissue Int 2023; 112:243-257. [PMID: 36165920 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-022-01020-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
A healthy skeleton depends on a continuous renewal and maintenance of the bone tissue. The process of bone remodeling is highly controlled and consists of a fine-tuned balance between bone formation and bone resorption. Biochemical markers of bone turnover are already in use for monitoring diseases and treatment involving the skeletal system, but novel biomarkers reflecting specific biological processes in bone and interacting tissues may prove useful for diagnostic, prognostic, and monitoring purposes. The Wnt-signaling pathway is one of the most important pathways controlling bone metabolism and consequently the action of inhibitors of the pathway such as sclerostin and Dickkopf-related protein 1 (DKK1) have crucial roles in controlling bone formation and resorption. Thus, they might be potential markers for clinical use as they reflect a number of physiological and pathophysiological events in bone and in the cross-talk with other tissues in the human body. This review focuses on the clinical utility of measurements of circulating sclerostin and DKK1 levels based on preanalytical and analytical considerations and on evidence obtained from published clinical studies. While accumulating evidence points to clear associations with a number of disease states for the two markers, and thus, the potential for especially sclerostin as a biochemical marker that may be used clinically, the lack of standardization or harmonization of the assays still hampers the clinical utility of the markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aylin Sepinci Dincel
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, Valdemar Hansens Vej 13 Glostrup, 2600, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Niklas Rye Jørgensen
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey.
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, Valdemar Hansens Vej 13 Glostrup, 2600, Copenhagen, Denmark.
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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21
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Martiniakova M, Mondockova V, Biro R, Kovacova V, Babikova M, Zemanova N, Ciernikova S, Omelka R. The link between bone-derived factors osteocalcin, fibroblast growth factor 23, sclerostin, lipocalin 2 and tumor bone metastasis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1113547. [PMID: 36926025 PMCID: PMC10012867 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1113547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The skeleton is the third most common site of metastatic disease, which causes serious bone complications and short-term prognosis in cancer patients. Prostate and breast cancers are responsible for the majority of bone metastasis, resulting in osteolytic or osteoblastic lesions. The crosstalk between bone cells and their interactions with tumor cells are important in the development of lesions. Recently, both preclinical and clinical studies documented the clinical relevance of bone-derived factors, including osteocalcin (OC) and its undercarboxylated form (ucOC), fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23), sclerostin (SCL), and lipocalin 2 (LCN2) as prognostic tumor biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets in bone metastasis. Both OC and ucOC could be useful targets for the prevention of bone metastasis in breast cancer. Moreover, elevated OC level may be a metastatic marker of prostate cancer. FGF23 is particularly important for those forms of cancer that primarily affect bone and/or are characterized by bone metastasis. In other tumor entities, increased FGF23 level is enigmatic. SCL plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of both osteolytic and osteoblastic lesions, as its levels are high in metastatic breast and prostate cancers. Elevated expression levels of LCN2 have been found in aggressive subtypes of cancer. However, its role in anti-metastasis varies significantly between different cancer types. Anyway, all aforementioned bone-derived factors can be used as promising tumor biomarkers. As metastatic bone disease is generally not curable, targeting bone factors represents a new trend in the prevention of bone metastasis and patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Martiniakova
- Department of Zoology and Anthropology, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Informatics, Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra, Nitra, Slovakia
- *Correspondence: Monika Martiniakova, ; Radoslav Omelka,
| | - Vladimira Mondockova
- Department of Botany and Genetics, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Informatics, Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra, Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Roman Biro
- Department of Zoology and Anthropology, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Informatics, Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra, Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Veronika Kovacova
- Department of Zoology and Anthropology, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Informatics, Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra, Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Martina Babikova
- Department of Botany and Genetics, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Informatics, Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra, Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Nina Zemanova
- Department of Botany and Genetics, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Informatics, Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra, Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Sona Ciernikova
- Department of Genetics, Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center of Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Radoslav Omelka
- Department of Botany and Genetics, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Informatics, Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra, Nitra, Slovakia
- *Correspondence: Monika Martiniakova, ; Radoslav Omelka,
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22
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Reyes Fernandez PC, Wright CS, Masterson AN, Yi X, Tellman TV, Bonteanu A, Rust K, Noonan ML, White KE, Lewis KJ, Sankar U, Hum JM, Bix G, Wu D, Robling AG, Sardar R, Farach-Carson MC, Thompson WR. Gabapentin Disrupts Binding of Perlecan to the α 2δ 1 Voltage Sensitive Calcium Channel Subunit and Impairs Skeletal Mechanosensation. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12121857. [PMID: 36551284 PMCID: PMC9776037 DOI: 10.3390/biom12121857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Our understanding of how osteocytes, the principal mechanosensors within bone, sense and perceive force remains unclear. Previous work identified "tethering elements" (TEs) spanning the pericellular space of osteocytes and transmitting mechanical information into biochemical signals. While we identified the heparan sulfate proteoglycan perlecan (PLN) as a component of these TEs, PLN must attach to the cell surface to induce biochemical responses. As voltage-sensitive calcium channels (VSCCs) are critical for bone mechanotransduction, we hypothesized that PLN binds the extracellular α2δ1 subunit of VSCCs to couple the bone matrix to the osteocyte membrane. Here, we showed co-localization of PLN and α2δ1 along osteocyte dendritic processes. Additionally, we quantified the molecular interactions between α2δ1 and PLN domains and demonstrated for the first time that α2δ1 strongly associates with PLN via its domain III. Furthermore, α2δ1 is the binding site for the commonly used pain drug, gabapentin (GBP), which is associated with adverse skeletal effects when used chronically. We found that GBP disrupts PLN::α2δ1 binding in vitro, and GBP treatment in vivo results in impaired bone mechanosensation. Our work identified a novel mechanosensory complex within osteocytes composed of PLN and α2δ1, necessary for bone force transmission and sensitive to the drug GBP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Perla C. Reyes Fernandez
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Health and Human Sciences, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Christian S. Wright
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Health and Human Sciences, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Adrianna N. Masterson
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, School of Science, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Xin Yi
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Health and Human Sciences, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Tristen V. Tellman
- Department of Diagnostic and Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77054, USA
| | - Andrei Bonteanu
- Department of Diagnostic and Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77054, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, George R. Brown School of Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
| | - Katie Rust
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Health and Human Sciences, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Megan L. Noonan
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Kenneth E. White
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Karl J. Lewis
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Uma Sankar
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiology, School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Julia M. Hum
- Division of Biomedical Science, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Marian University, Indianapolis, IN 46222, USA
| | - Gregory Bix
- Departments of Neurosurgery and Neurology, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Danielle Wu
- Department of Diagnostic and Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77054, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, George R. Brown School of Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
| | - Alexander G. Robling
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiology, School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Rajesh Sardar
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, School of Science, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Mary C. Farach-Carson
- Department of Diagnostic and Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77054, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, George R. Brown School of Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
| | - William R. Thompson
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Health and Human Sciences, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiology, School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
- Division of Biomedical Science, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Marian University, Indianapolis, IN 46222, USA
- Correspondence:
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23
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Srivastava RK, Sapra L, Mishra PK. Osteometabolism: Metabolic Alterations in Bone Pathologies. Cells 2022; 11:3943. [PMID: 36497201 PMCID: PMC9735555 DOI: 10.3390/cells11233943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Renewing interest in the study of intermediate metabolism and cellular bioenergetics is brought on by the global increase in the prevalence of metabolic illnesses. Understanding of the mechanisms that integrate energy metabolism in the entire organism has significantly improved with the application of contemporary biochemical tools for quantifying the fuel substrate metabolism with cutting-edge mouse genetic procedures. Several unexpected findings in genetically altered mice have prompted research into the direction of intermediate metabolism of skeletal cells. These findings point to the possibility of novel endocrine connections through which bone cells can convey their energy status to other metabolic control centers. Understanding the expanded function of skeleton system has in turn inspired new lines of research aimed at characterizing the energy needs and bioenergetic characteristics of these bone cells. Bone-forming osteoblast and bone-resorbing osteoclast cells require a constant and large supply of energy substrates such as glucose, fatty acids, glutamine, etc., for their differentiation and functional activity. According to latest research, important developmental signaling pathways in bone cells are connected to bioenergetic programs, which may accommodate variations in energy requirements during their life cycle. The present review article provides a unique perspective of the past and present research in the metabolic characteristics of bone cells along with mechanisms governing energy substrate utilization and bioenergetics. In addition, we discussed the therapeutic inventions which are currently being utilized for the treatment and management of bone-related diseases such as osteoporosis, rheumatoid arthritis (RA), osteogenesis imperfecta (OIM), etc., by modulating the energetics of bone cells. We further emphasized on the role of GUT-associated metabolites (GAMs) such as short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), medium-chain fatty acids (MCFAs), indole derivates, bile acids, etc., in regulating the energetics of bone cells and their plausible role in maintaining bone health. Emphasis is importantly placed on highlighting knowledge gaps in this novel field of skeletal biology, i.e., "Osteometabolism" (proposed by our group) that need to be further explored to characterize the physiological importance of skeletal cell bioenergetics in the context of human health and bone related metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rupesh K. Srivastava
- Translational Immunology, Osteoimmunology & Immunoporosis Lab (TIOIL), Department of Biotechnology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Leena Sapra
- Translational Immunology, Osteoimmunology & Immunoporosis Lab (TIOIL), Department of Biotechnology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi 110029, India
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24
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Study of the biological relevance of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway and β-adrenergic regulation in osteoblastic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells. GENE REPORTS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2022.101662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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25
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Zhang K, Ogando C, Filip A, Zhang T, Horton JA, Soman P. In vitromodel to study confined osteocyte networks exposed to flow-induced mechanical stimuli. Biomed Mater 2022; 17:10.1088/1748-605X/aca37c. [PMID: 36384043 PMCID: PMC10642715 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/aca37c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Osteocytes are considered the primary mechanical sensor in bone tissue and orchestrate the coupled bone remodeling activity of adjacent osteoblast and osteoclast cells.In vivoinvestigation of mechanically induced signal propagation through networks of interconnected osteocytes is confounded by their confinement within the mineralized bone matrix, which cannot be modeled in conventional culture systems. In this study, we developed a new model that mimics thisin vivoconfinement using gelatin methacrylate (GelMA) hydrogel or GelMA mineralized using osteoblast-like model cells. This model also enables real-time optical examination of osteocyte calcium (Ca2+) signaling dynamics in response to fluid shear stimuli cultured under confined conditions. Using this system, we discovered several distinct and previously undescribed patterns of Ca2+responses that vary across networks of interconnected osteocytes as a function of space, time and connectivity. Heterogeneity in Ca2+signaling may provide new insights into bone remodeling in response to mechanical loading. Overall, such a model can be extended to study signaling dynamics within cell networks exposed to flow-induced mechanical stimuli under confined conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kairui Zhang
- Department of Biomedical and Chemical Engineering, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, USA, 13244
- Syracuse Biomaterials Institute, Syracuse, NY, USA, 13244
| | - Courtney Ogando
- Department of Biomedical and Chemical Engineering, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, USA, 13244
- Syracuse Biomaterials Institute, Syracuse, NY, USA, 13244
| | - Alex Filip
- Department of Biomedical and Chemical Engineering, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, USA, 13244
- Syracuse Biomaterials Institute, Syracuse, NY, USA, 13244
| | - Teng Zhang
- Syracuse Biomaterials Institute, Syracuse, NY, USA, 13244
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, USA, 13244
| | - Jason A. Horton
- Syracuse Biomaterials Institute, Syracuse, NY, USA, 13244
- Dept. of Orthopedic Surgery, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA 13210
| | - Pranav Soman
- Department of Biomedical and Chemical Engineering, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, USA, 13244
- Syracuse Biomaterials Institute, Syracuse, NY, USA, 13244
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26
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Joll JE, Riley LA, Bersi MR, Nyman JS, Merryman WD. Sclerostin ablation prevents aortic valve stenosis in mice. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2022; 323:H1037-H1047. [PMID: 36240434 PMCID: PMC9662798 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00355.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that targeting sclerostin would accelerate the progression of aortic valve stenosis. Sclerostin (mouse gene, Sost) is a secreted glycoprotein that acts as a potent regulator of bone remodeling. Antibody therapy targeting sclerostin is approved for osteoporosis but results from a stage III clinical trial showed multiple off-target cardiovascular effects. Wild-type (WT, Sost+/+) and Sost-gene knockout-expression (Null, Sost-/-) mice were generated and maintained to 12 mo of age on a high-cholesterol diet to induce aortic valve stenosis. Mice were examined by echocardiography, histology, and RNAseq. Immortalized valve interstitial cells were developed from each genotype for in vitro studies. Null mice developed a bone overgrowth phenotype, similar to patients with sclerosteosis. Surprisingly, however, WT mice developed hemodynamic signs of aortic valve stenosis, whereas Null mice were unchanged. WT mice had thicker aortic valve leaflets and higher amounts of α-smooth muscle actin, a marker myofibroblast activation and dystrophic calcification, with very little evidence of Runx2 expression, a marker of osteogenic calcification. RNAseq analysis of aortic roots indicated the HOX family of transcription factors was significantly upregulated in Null mice, and valve interstitial cells from Null animals were enriched with Hoxa1, Hoxb2, and Hoxd3 subtypes with downregulated Hoxa7. In addition, Null valve interstitial cells were shown to be less contractile than their WT counterparts. Contrary to our hypothesis, sclerostin targeting prevented hallmarks of aortic valve stenosis and indicates that targeted antibody treatments for osteoporosis may be beneficial for these patients regarding aortic stenosis.NEW & NOTEWORTHY We have found that genetic ablation of the Sost gene (protein: sclerostin) prevents aortic valve stenosis in aged, Western diet mice. This is a new role for sclerostin in the cardiovascular system. To the knowledge of the authors, this is one of the first studies directly manipulating sclerostin in a cardiovascular disease model and the first to specifically study the aortic valve. We also provide a potential new role for Hox genes in cardiovascular disease, noting pan-Hox upregulation in the aortic roots of sclerostin genetic knockouts. The role of Hox genes in postnatal cardiovascular health and disease is another burgeoning field of study to which this article contributes.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Ethan Joll
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Lance A Riley
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Matthew R Bersi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Jeffry S Nyman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
- Center for Bone Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - W David Merryman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
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27
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Epigenetic Alterations in Sports-Related Injuries. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13081471. [PMID: 36011382 PMCID: PMC9408207 DOI: 10.3390/genes13081471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
It is a well-known fact that physical activity benefits people of all age groups. However, highly intensive training, maladaptation, improper equipment, and lack of sufficient rest lead to contusions and sports-related injuries. From the perspectives of sports professionals and those performing regular–amateur sports activities, it is important to maintain proper levels of training, without encountering frequent injuries. The bodily responses to physical stress and intensive physical activity are detected on many levels. Epigenetic modifications, including DNA methylation, histone protein methylation, acetylation, and miRNA expression occur in response to environmental changes and play fundamental roles in the regulation of cellular activities. In the current review, we summarise the available knowledge on epigenetic alterations present in tissues and organs (e.g., muscles, the brain, tendons, and bones) as a consequence of sports-related injuries. Epigenetic mechanism observations have the potential to become useful tools in sports medicine, as predictors of approaching pathophysiological alterations and injury biomarkers that have already taken place.
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28
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Hou YC, Zheng CM, Chiu HW, Liu WC, Lu KC, Lu CL. Role of Calcimimetics in Treating Bone and Mineral Disorders Related to Chronic Kidney Disease. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:952. [PMID: 36015101 PMCID: PMC9415417 DOI: 10.3390/ph15080952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal osteodystrophy is common in patients with chronic kidney disease and end-stage renal disease and leads to the risks of fracture and extraosseous vascular calcification. Secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT) is characterized by a compensatory increase in parathyroid hormone (PTH) secretion in response to decreased renal phosphate excretion, resulting in potentiating bone resorption and decreased bone quantity and quality. Calcium-sensing receptors (CaSRs) are group C G-proteins and negatively regulate the parathyroid glands through (1) increasing CaSR insertion within the plasma membrane, (2) increasing 1,25-dihydroxy vitamin D3 within the kidney and parathyroid glands, (3) inhibiting fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) in osteocytes, and (4) attenuating intestinal calcium absorption through Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid subfamily member 6 (TRPV6). Calcimimetics (CaMs) decrease PTH concentrations without elevating the serum calcium levels or extraosseous calcification through direct interaction with cell membrane CaSRs. CaMs reduce osteoclast activity by reducing stress-induced oxidative autophagy and improving Wnt-10b release, which promotes the growth of osteoblasts and subsequent mineralization. CaMs also directly promote osteoblast proliferation and survival. Consequently, bone quality may improve due to decreased bone resorption and improved bone formation. CaMs modulate cardiovascular fibrosis, calcification, and renal fibrosis through different mechanisms. Therefore, CaMs assist in treating SHPT. This narrative review focuses on the role of CaMs in renal osteodystrophy, including their mechanisms and clinical efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Chou Hou
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Cardinal-Tien Hospital, School of Medicine, Fu-Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 24205, Taiwan;
| | - Cai-Mei Zheng
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 11031, Taiwan;
- TMU Research Centre of Urology and Kidney, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 11031, Taiwan;
| | - Hui-Wen Chiu
- TMU Research Centre of Urology and Kidney, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 11031, Taiwan;
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 11031, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 11031, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chih Liu
- Department of Biology and Anatomy, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan;
- Section of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Antai Medical Care Corporation, Anti Tian-Sheng Memorial Hospital, Pingtung 92842, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Cheng Lu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, School of Medicine, Buddhist Tzu Chi University, Hualien 97004, Taiwan
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Fu-Jen Catholic University Hospital, School of Medicine, Fu-Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 24205, Taiwan;
| | - Chien-Lin Lu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Fu-Jen Catholic University Hospital, School of Medicine, Fu-Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 24205, Taiwan;
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29
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Parsons CM, Dennison EM, Fuggle N, Breasail MÓ, Deere K, Hannam K, Tobias JH, Cooper C, Ward KA. Assessment of Activity Profiles in Older Adults and Lower Limb Bone Parameters: Observations from the Hertfordshire Cohort Study. Calcif Tissue Int 2022; 111:13-20. [PMID: 35212826 PMCID: PMC9232475 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-022-00953-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
As muscle strength and function decline with age the optimal high-impact physical activity (PA) required for bone remodelling is rarely achievable in older adults. This study aimed to explore the activity profiles of community-dwelling older men and women and to assess the relationship between individual PA profiles and lower limb bone parameters. Participants from the Hertfordshire Cohort Study wore triaxial accelerometers for 7 days and counts of low (0.5-1.0 g), medium (1.0-1.5 g), and high (> 1.5 g) vertical-impact activity were calculated. Two years later, participants underwent a pQCT scan of the tibia (4% and 38% sites) to obtain measures of bone mineral density and bone geometry. Linear regression was used to quantify associations between bone and PA loading profiles adjusting for age, sex, loading category, and BMI. Results are presented as β [95% confidence interval]. Bone and PA data were available for 82 participants. The mean (SD) age at follow-up was 81.4(2.7) years, 41.5% (n = 34) were women. The median low-impact PA count was 5281 (Inter-quartile range (IQR) 2516-12,977), compared with a median of only 189 (IQR 54-593) in medium, and 39 (IQR 9-105) in high-impact counts. Positive associations between high-impact PA and cortical area (mm2), polar SSI (mm3), and total area (mm2) at the 38% slice (6.21 [0.88, 11.54]; 61.94 [25.73, 98.14]; 10.09 [3.18, 16.99], respectively). No significant associations were found at distal tibia. These data suggest that maintaining high (> 1.5 g)-impact activity is difficult for older adults to achieve; however, even small amounts of high-impact PA are positively associated with selected cortical bone parameters 2 years later.
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Affiliation(s)
- C M Parsons
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Centre, Human Health and Development, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
| | - E M Dennison
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Centre, Human Health and Development, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
| | - N Fuggle
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Centre, Human Health and Development, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
| | - M Ó Breasail
- MRC Nutrition and Bone Health Research Group, Cambridge, UK
| | - K Deere
- Musculoskeletal Research Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - K Hannam
- Musculoskeletal Research Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - J H Tobias
- Musculoskeletal Research Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - C Cooper
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Centre, Human Health and Development, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK.
- National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK.
- National Institute for Health Research Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| | - K A Ward
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Centre, Human Health and Development, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
- MRC Nutrition and Bone Health Research Group, Cambridge, UK
- National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
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Combining sclerostin neutralization with tissue engineering: An improved strategy for craniofacial bone repair. Acta Biomater 2022; 140:178-189. [PMID: 34875361 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2021.11.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Scaffolds associated with different types of mesenchymal stromal stem cells (MSC) are extensively studied for the development of novel therapies for large bone defects. Moreover, monoclonal antibodies have been recently introduced for the treatment of cancer-associated bone loss and other skeletal pathologies. In particular, antibodies against sclerostin, a key player in bone remodeling regulation, have demonstrated a real benefit for treating osteoporosis but their contribution to bone tissue-engineering remains uncharted. Here, we show that combining implantation of dense collagen hydrogels hosting wild-type (WT) murine dental pulp stem cells (mDPSC) with weekly systemic injections of a sclerostin antibody (Scl-Ab) leads to increased bone regeneration within critical size calvarial defects performed in WT mice. Furthermore, we show that bone formation is equivalent in calvarial defects in WT mice implanted with Sost knock-out (KO) mDPSC and in Sost KO mice, suggesting that the implantation of sclerostin-deficient MSC similarly promotes new bone formation than complete sclerostin deficiency. Altogether, our data demonstrate that an antibody-based therapy can potentialize tissue-engineering strategies for large craniofacial bone defects and urges the need to conduct research for antibody-enabled local inhibition of sclerostin. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: The use of monoclonal antibodies is nowadays broadly spread for the treatment of several conditions including skeletal bone diseases. However, their use to potentialize tissue engineering constructs for bone repair remains unmet. Here, we demonstrate that the neutralization of sclerostin, through either a systemic inhibition by a monoclonal antibody or the implantation of sclerostin-deficient mesenchymal stromal stem cells (MSC) directly within the defect, improves the outcome of a tissue engineering approach, combining dense collagen hydrogels and MSC derived from the dental pulp, for the treatment of large craniofacial bone defects.
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Jørgensen NR, Diemar SS, Christensen GL, Kimer N, Danielsen KV, Møller S. Patients With Cirrhosis Have Elevated Bone Turnover but Normal Hepatic Production of Osteoprotegerin. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2022; 107:e980-e995. [PMID: 34718621 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgab788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Severe osteodystrophy is common in patients with liver dysfunction. Markers of bone metabolism may help in early diagnosis of osteodystrophy and in understanding underlying pathophysiological mechanisms. OBJECTIVE To elucidate changes in bone metabolism associated with cirrhosis and to determine the route of elimination for the markers. METHODS Case-control study at a public university hospital. Fifty-nine patients with cirrhosis (47 alcoholic and 12 nonalcoholic cirrhosis) and 20 controls were included. Participants underwent catheterization of the femoral artery, and the hepatic, renal, and femoral veins with collection of blood from all 4 sites. Regional arteriovenous differences in concentrations of bone metabolism markers were determined: procollagen of type I collagen propeptide (PINP), C-terminal cross-linking telopeptide of type I collagen (CTX), osteocalcin, tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase isoform 5b (TRAcP5b), osteoprotegerin (OPG), and sclerostin and correlated with degree of disease (Child-Pugh classification). RESULTS PINP concentration was higher (median: 87.9 µg/L) in patients with cirrhosis than in controls (52.6 µg/L) (P = .001), while hepatic extraction was lower (4.3% vs 14.5%) (P < .001). Both CTX and TRAcP5b were higher in patients with cirrhosis (340 ng/L and 3.20 U/L) than in controls (215 ng/L and 1.60 U/L) (P < .001 and P < .0001). Hepatic sclerostin extraction was lower in patients with cirrhosis (14.6%) than in controls (28.7%) (P < .0001). In both groups OPG showed a hepatic release rate (production) of 6%. CONCLUSION Patients with cirrhosis have increased bone resorption, but unaltered bone formation. Sclerostin is eliminated through the liver while OPG is produced in the liver. Bone markers may prove useful in evaluating bone turnover in patients with cirrhosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niklas Rye Jørgensen
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | | | - Nina Kimer
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Gastro Unit, Medical Division, Hvidovre Hospital, Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Karen Vagner Danielsen
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Hvidovre Hospital, Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Søren Møller
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Hvidovre Hospital, Hvidovre, Denmark
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32
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Construction of adenovirus vector expressing duck sclerostin and its induction effect on myogenic proliferation and differentiation in vitro. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:3187-3196. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-07151-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Terkawi MA, Matsumae G, Shimizu T, Takahashi D, Kadoya K, Iwasaki N. Interplay between Inflammation and Pathological Bone Resorption: Insights into Recent Mechanisms and Pathways in Related Diseases for Future Perspectives. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:1786. [PMID: 35163708 PMCID: PMC8836472 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone is a mineralized and elastic connective tissue that provides fundamental functions in the human body, including mechanical support to the muscles and joints, protection of vital organs and storage of minerals. Bone is a metabolically active organ that undergoes continuous remodeling processes to maintain its architecture, shape, and function throughout life. One of the most important medical discoveries of recent decades has been that the immune system is involved in bone remodeling. Indeed, chronic inflammation has been recognized as the most significant factor influencing bone homeostasis, causing a shift in the bone remodeling process toward pathological bone resorption. Bone osteolytic diseases typified by excessive bone resorption account for one of the greatest causes of disability worldwide, with significant economic and public health burdens. From this perspective, we discuss the recent findings and discoveries highlighting the cellular and molecular mechanisms that regulate this process in the bone microenvironment, in addition to the current therapeutic strategies for the treatment of osteolytic bone diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Alaa Terkawi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-15, Nish-7, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan; (G.M.); (T.S.); (D.T.); (K.K.); (N.I.)
| | - Gen Matsumae
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-15, Nish-7, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan; (G.M.); (T.S.); (D.T.); (K.K.); (N.I.)
| | - Tomohiro Shimizu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-15, Nish-7, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan; (G.M.); (T.S.); (D.T.); (K.K.); (N.I.)
| | - Daisuke Takahashi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-15, Nish-7, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan; (G.M.); (T.S.); (D.T.); (K.K.); (N.I.)
| | - Ken Kadoya
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-15, Nish-7, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan; (G.M.); (T.S.); (D.T.); (K.K.); (N.I.)
| | - Norimasa Iwasaki
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-15, Nish-7, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan; (G.M.); (T.S.); (D.T.); (K.K.); (N.I.)
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Kloen P, Loots G, Hamdy R, Smit T. Bridging the gap: compressing non-unions for proper cellular signaling. Med Hypotheses 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2022.110794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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35
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Han X, Cui J, Chu L, Zhang W, Xie K, Jiang X, He Z, Du J, Ai S, Sun Q, Wang L, Wu H, Yan M, Yu Z. Abnormal subchondral trabecular bone remodeling in knee osteoarthritis under the influence of knee alignment. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2022; 30:100-109. [PMID: 34699993 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2021.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the abnormal subchondral trabecular bone (STB) remodeling in knee osteoarthritis (OA) under the influence of knee alignment [hip-knee-ankle (HKA) angle]. DESIGN Forty-one patients with knee OA underwent radiographic examination before total knee arthroplasty (TKA) for the measurement of HKA angle. Tibial plateau specimens obtained during TKA were used for histomorphometric analyses to assess STB remodeling and cartilage degradation. Tartrate-resistant acidic phosphatase (TRAP) staining was used to test osteoclast activity. Osterix, osteocalcin, and sclerostin expression in the STB were determined using immunohistochemistry. RESULTS The interaction between HKA angle and side (medial vs lateral of tibial plateau) was the main significant influence factor for STB remodeling and microstructure. The STB with the deviation of the knee alignment was accompanied by obvious abnormal bone remodeling and microstructural sclerosis. Bone volume fraction (BV/TV) was the only significant influence factor for OARSI score, the larger the BV/TV of STB, the higher the OARSI score of cartilage. Moreover, the tibial plateau affected by alignment had more TRAP + osteoclasts, Osterix + osteoprogenitors, and osteocalcin + osteoblasts and fewer sclerostin + osteocytes. CONCLUSIONS The variation of tibial plateau STB remodeling activity and microstructure was associated with HKA angle and cartilage degradation. Knee malalignment may cause abnormal STB remodeling and microstructural sclerosis, which may potentially affect load stress transmission from the cartilage to the STB, thus resulting in accelerated knee OA progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuequan Han
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implants, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Junqi Cui
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Linyang Chu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200233, China.
| | - Weituo Zhang
- Clinical Research Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Kai Xie
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implants, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Xu Jiang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implants, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Zihao He
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implants, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Jingke Du
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implants, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Songtao Ai
- Department of Radiology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Qi Sun
- Department of Radiology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Liao Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implants, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Haishan Wu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implants, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Mengning Yan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implants, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Zhifeng Yu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implants, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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Groven RVM, van Koll J, Poeze M, Blokhuis TJ, van Griensven M. miRNAs Related to Different Processes of Fracture Healing: An Integrative Overview. Front Surg 2021; 8:786564. [PMID: 34869574 PMCID: PMC8639603 DOI: 10.3389/fsurg.2021.786564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Fracture healing is a complex, dynamic process that is directed by cellular communication and requires multiple cell types, such as osteoblasts, osteoclasts, and immune cells. Physiological fracture healing can be divided into several phases that consist of different processes, such as angiogenesis, osteogenesis, and bone resorption/remodelling. This is needed to guarantee proper bone regeneration after fracture. Communication and molecular regulation between different cell types and within cells is therefore key in successfully orchestrating these processes to ensure adequate bone healing. Among others, microRNAs (miRNAs) play an important role in cellular communication. microRNAs are small, non-coding RNA molecules of ~22 nucleotides long that can greatly influence gene expression by post-transcriptional regulation. Over the course of the past decade, more insights have been gained in the field of miRNAs and their role in cellular signalling in both inter- and intracellular pathways. The interplay between miRNAs and their mRNA targets, and the effect thereof on different processes and aspects within fracture healing, have shown to be interesting research topics with possible future diagnostic and therapeutic potential. Considering bone regeneration, research moreover focusses on specific microRNAs and their involvement in individual pathways. However, it is required to combine these data to gain more understanding on the effects of miRNAs in the dynamic process of fracture healing, and to enhance their translational application in research, as well as in the clinic. Therefore, this review aims to provide an integrative overview on miRNAs in fracture healing, related to several key aspects in the fracture healing cascade. A special focus will be put on hypoxia, angiogenesis, bone resorption, osteoclastogenesis, mineralization, osteogenesis, osteoblastogenesis, osteocytogenesis, and chondrogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rald V M Groven
- Department of Cell Biology-Inspired Tissue Engineering, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands.,Division of Traumasurgery, Department of Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Johan van Koll
- Department of Cell Biology-Inspired Tissue Engineering, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Martijn Poeze
- Division of Traumasurgery, Department of Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Taco J Blokhuis
- Division of Traumasurgery, Department of Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Martijn van Griensven
- Department of Cell Biology-Inspired Tissue Engineering, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
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Li SS, Zhang ZQ, He DW, He AL, Liu QF. Meta-analysis of the association between sclerostin level and adverse clinical outcomes in patients undergoing maintenance haemodialysis. Ther Adv Chronic Dis 2021; 12:2040622320967148. [PMID: 34471512 PMCID: PMC8404645 DOI: 10.1177/2040622320967148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies regarding the relationship of sclerostin (Scl) with clinical outcomes in patients undergoing maintenance haemodialysis have yielded controversial findings. This meta-analysis was performed to investigate the predictive role of Scl in this patient population. METHODS Several electronic medical databases (e.g. PubMed, Embase, Web of Science and Cochrane Library) were searched for eligible studies through December 20, 2019. Summary hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated based on Scr level (high or low) using a random or fixed effects model. RESULTS From among 641 initially screened publications, 16 eligible studies were included in this meta-analysis. A high Scl level was not associated with cardiovascular events [HR = 0.8 (95% CI, 0.42-1.35)] or all-cause mortality [HR = 0.93 (95% CI, 0.56-1.54)]. There was high heterogeneity, but no evidence of publication bias. Interestingly, a high Scl level was associated with reduced cardiovascular events [HR = 0.44 (95% CI, 0.29-0.69)] in the subgroup by shorter follow-up period or all-cause mortality [pooled HR = 0.58 (95% CI, 0.36-0.91)] by shorter dialysis vintage. CONCLUSION This meta-analysis indicated that a high Scl level did not predict total clinical outcomes in patients undergoing maintenance haemodialysis despite survival benefits in the subgroups. The predictive role of Scl in these patients should be further evaluated in large prospective studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sha-Sha Li
- Clinical Research & Lab Centre, Affiliated Kunshan Hospital of Jiangsu University, Kunshan, Jiangsu, China Immunology Laboratory, Affiliated Kunshan Hospital of Jiangsu University, Kunshan, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhi-Qin Zhang
- Biobank, Affiliated Kunshan Hospital of Jiangsu University, Kunshan, Jiangsu, China
| | - Da-Wei He
- Clinical Research & Lab Centre, Affiliated Kunshan Hospital of Jiangsu University, Kunshan, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ao-Lin He
- Clinical Research & Lab Centre, Affiliated Kunshan Hospital of Jiangsu University, 91 Qianjin West Road, Kunshan, Jiangsu, 215300, China
| | - Qi-Feng Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Kunshan Hospital of Jiangsu University, 91 Qianjin West Road, Kunshan, Jiangsu, 215300, China
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Baker BS, Buchanan SR, Black CD, Bemben MG, Bemben DA. Bone, Biomarker, Body Composition, and Performance Responses to 8 Weeks of ROTC Training. J Athl Train 2021; 57:571-580. [PMID: 34279654 DOI: 10.4085/1062-6050-0634.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Military personnel engage in vigorous exercise, often resulting in higher bone mineral density; however, lower leg bone injuries are common in this population. Predictors of change in tibial bone quality and strength need to be characterized in this high-risk population. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to examine the effects of an eight-week military training intervention on total body and site-specific bone density and tibial bone quality, serum biomarkers (parathyroid hormone and sclerostin), body composition, and physical performance. Additionally, we sought to investigate what outcome variables (biomarkers, body composition, physical performance) would be predictive of estimated tibial bone strength in college-aged Reserve Officers' Training Corps (ROTC) members. DESIGN Prospective Cohort Study. SETTING XXX University. Patients of Other Participants: ROTC (n=14 male; n=4 female) were matched for sex, age, and body mass to physically active Controls (n=14 male; n=4 female). ROTC engaged in an eight-week training intervention, while physically active Controls made no changes to their exercise routines. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Pre general health questionnaires and pre, mid, and post intervention bone scans (DXA, pQCT), serum blood draws (parathyroid hormone and sclerostin), and physical performance measures (muscle strength and aerobic capacity) were tested. RESULTS ROTC participants exhibited significantly increased hip bone density and content (all p≤0.03) after the eight-week intervention. Sclerostin, not PTH, was a significant positive correlate and predictor in all ROTC models for estimated bone strength at the fracture prone 38% tibial site. Both groups decreased total body and regional fat mass and ROTC increased aerobic capacity (all p≤0.05). CONCLUSIONS All bone, body composition, and performance measures either improved or were maintained in response to ROTC training and sclerostin should be further investigated as a potential early indicator of changes in estimated tibial bone strength in military cohorts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Breanne S Baker
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Missouri Orthopaedic Institute, University of Missouri, 1100 Virginia Ave, Columbia, MO 65212, Office: 573-882-3038, , Twitter @DrBreeBaker-Also affiliated with the Department of Health and Exercise Science, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, 73071
| | - Samuel R Buchanan
- Department of Health and Human Performance, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX, 78539. -Also affiliated with the Department of Health and Exercise Science, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, 73071
| | - Christopher D Black
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, 73071, Twitter @ChrisBlack_PhD
| | - Michael G Bemben
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, 73071
| | - Debra A Bemben
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, 73071
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Zuo Y, Deng GM. Fc Gamma Receptors as Regulators of Bone Destruction in Inflammatory Arthritis. Front Immunol 2021; 12:688201. [PMID: 34248975 PMCID: PMC8262610 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.688201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone erosion is one of the primary features of inflammatory arthritis and is caused by excessive differentiation and activation of osteoclasts. Fc gamma receptors (FcγRs) have been implicated in osteoclastogenesis. Our recent studies demonstrate that joint-deposited lupus IgG inhibited RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis. FcγRI is required for RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis and lupus IgG-induced signaling transduction. We reviewed the results of studies that analyzed the association between FcγRs and bone erosion in inflammatory arthritis. The analysis revealed the dual roles of FcγRs in bone destruction in inflammatory arthritis. Thus, IgG/FcγR signaling molecules may serve as potential therapeutic targets against bone erosion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyue Zuo
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Guo-Min Deng
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Wu CF, Liou HH, Kuo CC, Tsai MH, Chang MY, Lee YC, Lin TM, Hung SY. The Association of Urinary Sclerostin and Renal Magnesium Handling in Type 2 Diabetic Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease. Kidney Blood Press Res 2021; 46:514-522. [PMID: 34134118 DOI: 10.1159/000516844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Sclerostin could enhance renal excretion of calcium (Ca) and phosphate (P). The association between sclerostin and magnesium (Mg) has not yet discovered. In patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) or chronic kidney disease (CKD), higher serum sclerostin and altered renal excretion of Ca, P, and Mg were detected. Therefore, we tried to evaluate if there was any association between sclerostin and fractional excretion of Ca, P, and Mg (FeCa, FeP, and FeMg) in T2DM with CKD. METHODS In this prospective cohort study, 43 T2DM patients without CKD or with CKD stage 1-5 were enrolled. Values of parameters, including serum and urine sclerostin, were collected at baseline and 6 months later. For baseline data, the Mann-Whitney U test, χ2 test, or Spearman's correlation were used. For multivariate repeated measurement analysis, generalized estimating equation (GEE) model was utilized. RESULTS Patients with lower estimated glomerular filtration rate had higher serum sclerostin, FeP, FeMg, and lower FeCa. By correlation analysis, serum sclerostin was negatively associated with FeCa (p = 0.02) and positively associated with FeP (p = 0.002). The urine sclerostin to creatinine ratio (Uscl/Ucre) was positively correlated with FeP (p = 0.007) and FeMg (p = 0.005). After multivariate analyses by GEE model, serum sclerostin was still inversely associated with FeCa, while Uscl/Ucre was significantly associated with FeMg. On the other hand, FeP lost its associations with serum sclerostin or Uscl/Ucre. CONCLUSION In our study population of T2DM patients with or without CKD, the inverse correlation between serum sclerostin and FeCa could not be explained by the calciuric effect of sclerostin. In addition, a newly discovered positive association between urinary sclerostin and FeMg indicated a possible role of urinary sclerostin in regulating renal Mg handling especially over distal convoluted tubules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Fang Wu
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, .,Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, E-Da Cancer Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan,
| | - Hung-Hsiang Liou
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hsin-Jen Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan.,Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, E-Da Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Chi Kuo
- Big Data Center, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Hsien Tsai
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Shin-Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Min-Yu Chang
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, E-Da Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Che Lee
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, E-Da Dachang Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Tsun-Mei Lin
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, E-Da Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Yuan Hung
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, E-Da Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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41
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Henssler L, Kerschbaum M, Mukashevich MZ, Rupp M, Alt V. Molecular enhancement of fracture healing - Is there a role for Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2, parathyroid hormone, statins, or sclerostin-antibodies? Injury 2021; 52 Suppl 2:S49-S57. [PMID: 34001374 DOI: 10.1016/j.injury.2021.04.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Enhancement of fracture healing has been a hot topic over the last two decades. This narrative review article is aimed to provide an update on current clinical use and evidence on four clinically available agents in the treatment of fracture healing: bone morphogenetic proteins-2 (BMP-2), parathyroid hormone, statins and sclerostin-antibodies. After first promising results from animal and clinical studies in the early 2000s, BMP-2 was studied mainly in open tibia shaft fractures treated with intramedullary nailing. There are conflicting results from different randomized clinical trials (RCTs) regarding fracture healing time and complications compared to BMP-2 free control treatment in open tibia fractures, as BMP-2 could not show significant differences in patients treated with reamed nails compared to BMP-2 free control treatment with reamed nailing only. Given that fact, its official use was limited in Europe to open tibia shaft fractures treated with unreamed tibial nailing by the European Medical Agency (EMA). Another more recent RCT failed to show equivalence of BMP- 2 together with allograft versus autograft for the treatment of tibia fractures with critical size defects. Recombinant human parathyroid hormone has proven anabolic effects on bone metabolism and is commonly used in treatment of severe osteoporosis. Different animal trials suggested an enhancement effect in fracture healing by PTH. In several clinical trials, PTH seems to have a stimulative effect for lower limb fractures. Statins, commonly used in treatment of dyslipidemia, could also enhance fracture healing in animal trials, especially when they were applied locally at the fracture site. For statins, there is only one RCT that failed to show significant effects for the oral administration of statins in undisplaced distal radius fractures. The role of sclerostin in fracture healing has more and more been understood. Application of sclerostin antibodies has been shown to be beneficial for fracture healing in animal trials. However, no RCTs on the effect of sclerostin antibodies on fracture healing have been performed yet. In conclusion, the "magic bullet" for molecular enhancement of fracture healing has not been identified yet, at least not with its optimal dosage and delivery method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leopold Henssler
- Department of Trauma Surgery, University Medical Center Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauss-Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Maximilian Kerschbaum
- Department of Trauma Surgery, University Medical Center Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauss-Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Moldakulov Z Mukashevich
- Taldykorgan Muliprofile City Hospital/Taldykorgan Urban Hospital, Taldykorgan, Republic of Kazakhstan
| | - Markus Rupp
- Department of Trauma Surgery, University Medical Center Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauss-Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Volker Alt
- Department of Trauma Surgery, University Medical Center Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauss-Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany.
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42
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Regulation and Role of Transcription Factors in Osteogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22115445. [PMID: 34064134 PMCID: PMC8196788 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone is a dynamic tissue constantly responding to environmental changes such as nutritional and mechanical stress. Bone homeostasis in adult life is maintained through bone remodeling, a controlled and balanced process between bone-resorbing osteoclasts and bone-forming osteoblasts. Osteoblasts secrete matrix, with some being buried within the newly formed bone, and differentiate to osteocytes. During embryogenesis, bones are formed through intramembraneous or endochondral ossification. The former involves a direct differentiation of mesenchymal progenitor to osteoblasts, and the latter is through a cartilage template that is subsequently converted to bone. Advances in lineage tracing, cell sorting, and single-cell transcriptome studies have enabled new discoveries of gene regulation, and new populations of skeletal stem cells in multiple niches, including the cartilage growth plate, chondro-osseous junction, bone, and bone marrow, in embryonic development and postnatal life. Osteoblast differentiation is regulated by a master transcription factor RUNX2 and other factors such as OSX/SP7 and ATF4. Developmental and environmental cues affect the transcriptional activities of osteoblasts from lineage commitment to differentiation at multiple levels, fine-tuned with the involvement of co-factors, microRNAs, epigenetics, systemic factors, circadian rhythm, and the microenvironments. In this review, we will discuss these topics in relation to transcriptional controls in osteogenesis.
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43
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Osteocytes as main responders to low-intensity pulsed ultrasound treatment during fracture healing. Sci Rep 2021; 11:10298. [PMID: 33986415 PMCID: PMC8119462 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-89672-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Ultrasound stimulation is a type of mechanical stress, and low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) devices have been used clinically to promote fracture healing. However, it remains unclear which skeletal cells, in particular osteocytes or osteoblasts, primarily respond to LIPUS stimulation and how they contribute to fracture healing. To examine this, we utilized medaka, whose bone lacks osteocytes, and zebrafish, whose bone has osteocytes, as in vivo models. Fracture healing was accelerated by ultrasound stimulation in zebrafish, but not in medaka. To examine the molecular events induced by LIPUS stimulation in osteocytes, we performed RNA sequencing of a murine osteocytic cell line exposed to LIPUS. 179 genes reacted to LIPUS stimulation, and functional cluster analysis identified among them several molecular signatures related to immunity, secretion, and transcription. Notably, most of the isolated transcription-related genes were also modulated by LIPUS in vivo in zebrafish. However, expression levels of early growth response protein 1 and 2 (Egr1, 2), JunB, forkhead box Q1 (FoxQ1), and nuclear factor of activated T cells c1 (NFATc1) were not altered by LIPUS in medaka, suggesting that these genes are key transcriptional regulators of LIPUS-dependent fracture healing via osteocytes. We therefore show that bone-embedded osteocytes are necessary for LIPUS-induced promotion of fracture healing via transcriptional control of target genes, which presumably activates neighboring cells involved in fracture healing processes.
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Sharma V, Srinivasan A, Nikolajeff F, Kumar S. Biomineralization process in hard tissues: The interaction complexity within protein and inorganic counterparts. Acta Biomater 2021; 120:20-37. [PMID: 32413577 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2020.04.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Biomineralization can be considered as nature's strategy to produce and sustain biominerals, primarily via creation of hard tissues for protection and support. This review examines the biomineralization process within the hard tissues of the human body with special emphasis on the mechanisms and principles of bone and teeth mineralization. We describe the detailed role of proteins and inorganic ions in mediating the mineralization process. Furthermore, we highlight the various available models for studying bone physiology and mineralization starting from the historical static cell line-based methods to the most advanced 3D culture systems, elucidating the pros and cons of each one of these methods. With respect to the mineralization process in teeth, enamel and dentin mineralization is discussed in detail. The key role of intrinsically disordered proteins in modulating the process of mineralization in enamel and dentine is given attention. Finally, nanotechnological interventions in the area of bone and teeth mineralization, diseases and tissue regeneration is also discussed. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: This article provides an overview of the biomineralization process within hard tissues of the human body, which encompasses the detailed mechanism innvolved in the formation of structures like teeth and bone. Moreover, we have discussed various available models used for studying biomineralization and also explored the nanotechnological applications in the field of bone regeneration and dentistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaibhav Sharma
- Department of Biophysics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
| | | | | | - Saroj Kumar
- Department of Biophysics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
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45
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Thirumalai A, Yuen F, Amory JK, Hoofnagle AN, Swerdloff RS, Liu PY, Long JE, Blithe DL, Wang C, Page ST. Dimethandrolone Undecanoate, a Novel, Nonaromatizable Androgen, Increases P1NP in Healthy Men Over 28 Days. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2021; 106:e171-e181. [PMID: 33090208 PMCID: PMC7765650 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgaa761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Dimethandrolone undecanoate (DMAU) is being developed as a male contraceptive. Daily oral administration of DMAU, a potent androgen that is not aromatized, markedly suppresses serum testosterone (T) and estradiol (E2) in healthy men. E2 deficiency can increase bone resorption in men. OBJECTIVE This work aimed to assess changes in bone turnover markers with DMAU administration in a 28-day study. DESIGN A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study was conducted. SETTING This study took place at 2 academic medical centers. PARTICIPANTS Healthy men, age 18 to50 years (n = 81), participated. INTERVENTION Men received 0, 100, 200, or 400 mg of oral DMAU for 28 days. Serum C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen (CTX; bone resorption marker) and procollagen type I amino-terminal propeptide (P1NP; bone formation marker) were measured on days 1 and 28. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Changes in bone turnover markers and serum hormones over the treatment period were measured. RESULTS On day 28, median serum T and E2 were markedly suppressed in all treatment groups vs placebo (P < .001 for both). Percentage change (%) in serum P1NP significantly differed across treatment groups (P = .007): Serum P1NP significantly increased in the 200 mg (5%, interquartile range [IQR] -7% to 27%) and 400 mg (22%, IQR -1% to 40%) groups relative to placebo (-8%, IQR -20% to 0%). Change (%) in serum CTX did not differ between groups (P = .09). CONCLUSIONS DMAU administration for 28 days to healthy men leads to marked suppression of serum T and E2, yet increases P1NP, a serum marker of bone formation. Longer-term studies of the potent androgen DMAU are warranted to determine its impact on bone health in men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthi Thirumalai
- University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
- Correspondence and Reprint Requests: Arthi Thirumalai, MBBS, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, University of Washington, HSB C209, Box 357138, 1959 NE Pacific St, Seattle, WA 98195, USA. E-mail:
| | - Fiona Yuen
- The Lundquist Institute at Harbor UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California
| | | | | | - Ronald S Swerdloff
- The Lundquist Institute at Harbor UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California
| | - Peter Y Liu
- The Lundquist Institute at Harbor UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California
| | - Jill E Long
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Diana L Blithe
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Christina Wang
- The Lundquist Institute at Harbor UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California
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46
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Hashimoto R, Minoshima M, Kikuta J, Yari S, Bull SD, Ishii M, Kikuchi K. An Acid‐Activatable Fluorescence Probe for Imaging Osteocytic Bone Resorption Activity in Deep Bone Cavities. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202006388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ryu Hashimoto
- Graduate School of Engineering Osaka University 2-1 Yamadaoka Suita Osaka 565-0871 Japan
| | - Masafumi Minoshima
- Graduate School of Engineering Osaka University 2-1 Yamadaoka Suita Osaka 565-0871 Japan
| | - Junichi Kikuta
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology Graduate School of Medicine and Frontier Biosciences Osaka University 2-2 Yamadaoka Suita Osaka 565-0871 Japan
- Immunology Frontier Research Center Osaka University 2-1 Yamadaoka Suita Osaka 565-0871 Japan
| | - Shinya Yari
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology Graduate School of Medicine and Frontier Biosciences Osaka University 2-2 Yamadaoka Suita Osaka 565-0871 Japan
| | - Steven D. Bull
- Department of Chemistry University of Bath Claverton Down Bath BA2 7AY UK
| | - Masaru Ishii
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology Graduate School of Medicine and Frontier Biosciences Osaka University 2-2 Yamadaoka Suita Osaka 565-0871 Japan
- Immunology Frontier Research Center Osaka University 2-1 Yamadaoka Suita Osaka 565-0871 Japan
| | - Kazuya Kikuchi
- Graduate School of Engineering Osaka University 2-1 Yamadaoka Suita Osaka 565-0871 Japan
- Immunology Frontier Research Center Osaka University 2-1 Yamadaoka Suita Osaka 565-0871 Japan
- Quantum Information and Quantum Biology Division Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives Osaka University Suita Osaka 565-0871 Japan
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47
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Salhotra A, Shah HN, Levi B, Longaker MT. Mechanisms of bone development and repair. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2020; 21:696-711. [PMID: 32901139 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-020-00279-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 428] [Impact Index Per Article: 107.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Bone development occurs through a series of synchronous events that result in the formation of the body scaffold. The repair potential of bone and its surrounding microenvironment - including inflammatory, endothelial and Schwann cells - persists throughout adulthood, enabling restoration of tissue to its homeostatic functional state. The isolation of a single skeletal stem cell population through cell surface markers and the development of single-cell technologies are enabling precise elucidation of cellular activity and fate during bone repair by providing key insights into the mechanisms that maintain and regenerate bone during homeostasis and repair. Increased understanding of bone development, as well as normal and aberrant bone repair, has important therapeutic implications for the treatment of bone disease and ageing-related degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankit Salhotra
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Harsh N Shah
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Benjamin Levi
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| | - Michael T Longaker
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA. .,Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
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48
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Hashimoto R, Minoshima M, Kikuta J, Yari S, Bull SD, Ishii M, Kikuchi K. An Acid-Activatable Fluorescence Probe for Imaging Osteocytic Bone Resorption Activity in Deep Bone Cavities. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:20996-21000. [PMID: 32744428 PMCID: PMC7692916 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202006388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
A rationally designed pH‐activatable fluorescent probe (pHocas‐RIS) has been used to measure localised pH levels in osteocytic lacunae in bone tissue. Conjugation of the moderate bone‐binding drug risedronate to a pH‐activatable BODIPY fluorophore enables the probe to penetrate osteocytic lacunae cavities that are embedded deep within the bone matrix. After injection of pHocas‐RIS, any osteocytic lacunae caused by bone‐resorbing osteocytes cause the probe to fluoresce in vivo, thus allowing imaging by intravital two‐photon excitation microscopy. This pH responsive probe enabled the visualization of the bone mineralizing activities of acid producing osteocytes in real time, thus allowing the study of their central role in remodeling the bone‐matrix in healthy and disease states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryu Hashimoto
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Masafumi Minoshima
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Junichi Kikuta
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine and Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.,Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Shinya Yari
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine and Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Steven D Bull
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Masaru Ishii
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine and Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.,Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kazuya Kikuchi
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.,Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.,Quantum Information and Quantum Biology Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
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49
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Uehara IA, Soldi LR, Silva MJB. Current perspectives of osteoclastogenesis through estrogen modulated immune cell cytokines. Life Sci 2020; 256:117921. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.117921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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50
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Ohsugi Y, Katagiri S, Hirota T, Niimi H, Hatasa M, Watanabe K, Shimohira T, Mizutani K, Kitazawa M, Matsuzawa A, Kadokura H, Yokose S, Iwata T, Aoki A. Laser irradiation decreases sclerostin expression in bone and osteogenic cells. FASEB J 2020; 34:12877-12893. [DOI: 10.1096/fj.202001032r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yujin Ohsugi
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU) Tokyo Japan
| | - Sayaka Katagiri
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU) Tokyo Japan
| | - Tomomitsu Hirota
- Division of Molecular Genetics, Research Center for Medical Science The Jikei University School of Medicine Tokyo Japan
| | - Hiromi Niimi
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU) Tokyo Japan
| | - Masahiro Hatasa
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU) Tokyo Japan
| | - Kazuki Watanabe
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU) Tokyo Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Shimohira
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU) Tokyo Japan
| | - Koji Mizutani
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU) Tokyo Japan
| | - Moe Kitazawa
- Department of Epigenetics, Medical Research Institute Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU) Tokyo Japan
| | - Ayumi Matsuzawa
- Department of Epigenetics, Medical Research Institute Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU) Tokyo Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kadokura
- Division of Endodontic and Operative Dentistry, Department of Restorative and Biomaterials Sciences, School of Dentistry Meikai University Saitama Japan
| | - Satoshi Yokose
- Division of Endodontic and Operative Dentistry, Department of Restorative and Biomaterials Sciences, School of Dentistry Meikai University Saitama Japan
| | - Takanori Iwata
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU) Tokyo Japan
| | - Akira Aoki
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU) Tokyo Japan
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