Extraction of Volatile Anticancer Drugs in Air Using a Solid-Phase Extraction Type Device Followed by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometric Analysis

Integrated Electrochemical Aptasensor Array toward Monitoring Anticancer Drugs in Sweat

In the realm of clinical practice, the concurrent utilization of anticancer medications can enhance their overall therapeutic efficacy. However, it is crucial to acknowledge that the interactions among these anticancer drugs can potentially yield detrimental consequences on their intended outcomes. Consequently, the assessment of both anticancer potency and potential toxic side effects is greatly refined when multiple anticancer drugs are simultaneously detected and evaluated. Here, we designed a wearable electrochemical aptasensor array for monitoring multiple anticancer drugs in sweat. The integrated sensor array consists of three working electrodes modified with three different aptamers (Apt1, Apt2, and Apt3), a Au counter electrode, and a Ag/AgCl reference electrode. Molecular docking simulations were performed to show the binding affinities between three anticancer drugs and their corresponding aptamers. Various eigenvalues were derived from the square-wave voltammetry electrochemical signals, and these data sets were subjected to rigorous analysis through multivariate data analysis techniques. This analytical approach demonstrated exceptional performance by achieving flawless 100% accuracy in the precise identification of nine anticancer drugs consistently at uniform concentrations. Furthermore, the integrated wearable sensor array exhibited impressive capabilities, correctly recognizing all nine anticancer drugs with 100% accuracy and successfully distinguishing between these drugs in artificial sweat samples. The proposed sensor array presents good stability for 15 days. Flexibility tests showed stable device performance after 500 twisting cycles. This innovative wearable sensing array represents a novel approach for achieving real-time monitoring and precise adjustment of drug dosages. It offers invaluable insights for tailoring the treatment of anticancer drugs to individual patients, predicting both drug efficacy and potential adverse reactions within the field of clinical medicine.

Volatile anticancer drug determination by thermal desorption technique with polydimethylsiloxane-coated macroporous silica adsorbent in gas chromatography-mass spectrometry

An analytical method for quantifying the volatile anticancer drugs ifosfamide (IF) and cyclophosphamide (CP) in air was developed on the basis of thermal desorption (TD)-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Polydimethylsiloxane-coated macroporous silica was used as the adsorbent. The extraction tube was prepared by packing 0.2 g of adsorbent particles into a glass tube. The extraction and desorption efficiencies of the proposed method were quantitatively investigated in this study. The limits of detection of the proposed method for IF and CP were 3.3 ng L-1 at an air sampling volume of 3.0 L (30 min). The sensitivity of the proposed method was compared with using a Tenax TA packed tube that is widely used as the extraction medium in TD analysis. Finally, detection of IF and CP that evaporated from aqueous standard solution was investigated.

Sampling bag-based emission chamber for measuring volatile organic compounds from household materials using solid-phase extraction-type collection device

A simple screening analytical method for determining the emission of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from household materials was developed using a solid-phase extraction (SPE)-type collection device and a gas sampling bag. The VOCs emitted from the sample material placed in the gas sampling bag with a volume of 20 L were extracted on the SPE-type collection device. In this study, complete sampling mode was developed in addition to a conventional flow sampling mode. The extracted VOCs were then eluted with 8 mL of acetone and measured using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The proposed method does not require a stainless-steel chamber and a thermal desorption system; therefore, VOC emission from household materials could be easily evaluated with an affordable cost, suggesting that the method is suitable for the screening technique for evaluating VOC emission from solid materials.