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Alhazzani K, Alanazi AZ, Mostafa AM, Barker J, El-Wekil MM, Bellah H Ali AM. A selective dual quenching sensor (EY/BG@CDs) for simultaneous monitoring of gentamicin and ketorolac levels in plasma: a highly efficient platform that caters to the needs of therapeutic drug monitoring. RSC Adv 2023; 13:28940-28950. [PMID: 37795051 PMCID: PMC10545982 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra04894b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
This research work introduces a novel sensor that utilizes two fluorophores to enable simultaneous monitoring of gentamicin sulphate (GNT) and ketorolac tromethamine (KET). The innovative sensor is composed of carbon dots (CDs) derived from black grapes (BG) and eosin Y (EY) dye. The interaction between the studied drugs and EY/BG@CDs sensor components allows for their simultaneous detection where GNT quenches the fluorescence of EY at 535 nm without affecting the fluorescence of CDs, while KET quenches the fluorescence of BG@CDs at 385 nm without impacting EY fluorescence. The BG@CDs probe was successfully characterized using various techniques such as absorption spectrophotometry, spectrofluorimetry, TEM imaging, infrared spectroscopic analysis, and XRD analysis. The suggested methodology was observed to be highly sensitive for the simultaneous determination of GNT and KET in their spiked rabbit plasma samples, with wide linear ranges and low limit of detection (LOD) values. The studied drugs were extracted using a highly selective extraction method involving protein precipitation followed by mixed mode solid phase extraction using an Oasis WCX cartridge. The simultaneous determination of GNT and KET is essential due to the potential interactions between the studied drugs. Therefore, this analysis can be used to evaluate the necessity of dose monitoring and the potential adverse effects of co-administration of these drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalid Alhazzani
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University Riyadh Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Z Alanazi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University Riyadh Saudi Arabia
| | - Aya M Mostafa
- School of Life Sciences, Pharmacy, and Chemistry, Kingston University Kingston-upon-Thames London KT1 2EE UK
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University Assiut Egypt
| | - James Barker
- School of Life Sciences, Pharmacy, and Chemistry, Kingston University Kingston-upon-Thames London KT1 2EE UK
| | - Mohamed M El-Wekil
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University Assiut Egypt
| | - Al-Montaser Bellah H Ali
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University Assiut Egypt
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Sawkar RR, Patil VB, Shanbhag MM, Shetti NP, Tuwar SM, Aminabhavi TM. Detection of ketorolac drug using pencil graphite electrode. BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING ADVANCES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bea.2021.100009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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Kaya SI, Karabulut TC, Kurbanoglu S, Ozkan SA. Chemically Modified Electrodes in Electrochemical Drug Analysis. CURR PHARM ANAL 2020. [DOI: 10.2174/1573412915666190304140433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Electrode modification is a technique performed with different chemical and physical methods
using various materials, such as polymers, nanomaterials and biological agents in order to enhance
sensitivity, selectivity, stability and response of sensors. Modification provides the detection of small
amounts of analyte in a complex media with very low limit of detection values. Electrochemical methods
are well suited for drug analysis, and they are all-purpose techniques widely used in environmental
studies, industrial fields, and pharmaceutical and biomedical analyses. In this review, chemically modified
electrodes are discussed in terms of modification techniques and agents, and recent studies related
to chemically modified electrodes in electrochemical drug analysis are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sariye I. Kaya
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Tutku C. Karabulut
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sevinç Kurbanoglu
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sibel A. Ozkan
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
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Abstract
Background:
This review investigates the ophthalmic drugs that have been studied with
voltammetry in the web of science database in the last 10 years.
Introduction:
Ophthalmic drugs are used in the diagnosis, evaluation and treatment of various ophthalmological
diseases and conditions. A significant literature has emerged in recent years that investigates
determination of these active compounds via electroanalytical methods, particularly voltammetry. Low
cost, rapid determination, high availability, efficient sensitivity and simple application make voltammetry
one of the most used methods for determining various kinds of drugs including ophthalmic ones.
Methods:
In this particular review, we searched the literature via the web of science database for ophthalmic
drugs which are investigated with voltammetric techniques using the keywords of voltammetry,
electrochemistry, determination and electroanalytical methods.
Results:
We found 33 types of pharmaceuticals in nearly 140 articles. We grouped them clinically into
seven major groups as antibiotics, antivirals, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, anti-glaucomatous
drugs, steroidal drugs, local anesthetics and miscellaneous. Voltammetric techniques, electrodes, optimum
pHs, peak potentials, limit of detection values, limit of quantification values, linearity ranges,
sample type and interference effects were compared.
Conclusion:
Ophthalmic drugs are widely used in the clinic and it is important to determine trace
amounts of these species analytically. Voltammetry is a preferred method for its ease of use, high sensitivity,
low cost, and high availability for the determination of ophthalmic drugs as well as many other
medical drugs. The low limits of detection values indicate that voltammetry is quite sufficient for determining
ophthalmic drugs in many media such as human serum, urine and ophthalmic eye drops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Onur Inam
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ulucanlar Eye Training and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ersin Demir
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Afyonkarahisar University of Health Sciences, Afyonkarahisar, 03200, Turkey
| | - Bengi Uslu
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Ankara University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara, Turkey
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Karadurmus L, Sahin IF, Kurbanoglu S, Ozkan SA. Electrochemical Determination of Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs. CURR ANAL CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.2174/1573411014666180917113920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Electrochemical methods have been used for the determination of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory
drugs (NSAID) just as used in the determination of various drugs. Among voltammetric
methods; differential pulse voltammetric method, square wave voltammetric method and linear
sweep voltammetric method are the most commonly used ones. NSAIDs are widely used in the
treatment of inflammatory conditions such as musculoskeletal disorders (rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis,
acute gouty arthritis) and dental pain, menstrual pain, postoperative pain and migraine. In
this review, some selected recent electrochemical studies were selected related to the nonsteroidal antiinflammatory
drug analyzes. The aim of this review is to evaluate and discuss the advantages, details
and usages of electroanalytical methods in the determination of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leyla Karadurmus
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - I. Firat Sahin
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sevinc Kurbanoglu
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sibel A. Ozkan
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
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Uslu B, Ozkan SA. Electroanalytical Methods for the Determination of Pharmaceuticals: A Review of Recent Trends and Developments. ANAL LETT 2011. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2011.553010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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Sinha VR, Kumar RV, Singh G. Ketorolac tromethamine formulations: an overview. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2009; 6:961-75. [DOI: 10.1517/17425240903116006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Electrochemical detection of celecoxib at a polyaniline grafted multiwall carbon nanotubes modified electrode. Anal Chim Acta 2008; 626:1-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2008.07.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2008] [Revised: 07/25/2008] [Accepted: 07/28/2008] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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