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Wang Z, Xu S, Qiu Z, Zheng C, Cheng F, Li L, Xu Z, Song Q, Zhang F. Effect of sodium bicarbonate Ringer's solution on lung injury in rats with traumatic hemorrhagic shock. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2024; 38:e23608. [PMID: 38084607 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.23608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to explore the impact of different pH values of resuscitation fluid on traumatic hemorrhagic shock (THS), focusing on their effects on glycocalyx and inflammation. A rat model of THS was induced by hemorrhage from a left femur fracture, while an oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R)-induced HULEC-5a cell model was considered as an in vitro THS model. The lung tissue pathology and glycocalyx structure were assessed through hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) staining and transmission electron microscope examination. The levels of glycocalyx-related factors and inflammation-related factors were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The expression of glycocalyx-related proteins, cell junction-related proteins, and proteins involved in the PI3K/Akt/NF-κB signaling pathway was analyzed by western blot. The results showed that both sodium bicarbonate Ringer's solution (BRS) and lactate Ringer's solution (LRS) were effective in restoring mean arterial pressure and heart rate in THS rats. However, LRS has a stronger impact on promoting inflammation and damaging the glycocalyx compared with BRS. In OGD/R-induced HULEC-5a cells, a pH of 7.4 and 6.5 increased inflammation and disrupted the glycocalyx, while a pH of 8.1 had no significant effect on inflammation or glycocalyx. Furthermore, the PI3K/Akt/NF-κB signaling pathway was activated by fluid resuscitation and different pH values. However, the activating effect of BRS and pH 8.1 on the PI3K/Akt/NF-κB signaling pathway was milder compared with LRS and pH6.5. In conclusion, an alkaline recovery environment was more beneficial for the treatment of THS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenjie Wang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, China
- Institute of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, China
| | - Shugen Xu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The Affiliated Changsha Central Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhaolei Qiu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, China
- Institute of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, China
| | - Chuanming Zheng
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, China
- Institute of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, China
| | - Feng Cheng
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, China
- Institute of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, China
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, China
- Institute of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, China
| | - Zhipeng Xu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, China
- Institute of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, China
| | - Qi Song
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, China
- Institute of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, China
| | - Fulong Zhang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, China
- Institute of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, China
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Souza CF, Borges LB, Oliveira FRMB, Silva PCDS, Patricio DO, Rosales TO, Souza NF, Spiller F, Mansur DS, Assreuy J, Sordi R. Cannabinoid CB 2 receptor agonist reduces local and systemic inflammation associated with pneumonia-induced sepsis in mice. Eur J Pharmacol 2023; 959:176092. [PMID: 37797676 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.176092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
Sepsis is a severe condition secondary to dysregulated host response to infection leading to tissue damage and organ dysfunction. Cannabinoid CB2 receptor has modulatory effects on the immune response. Therefore, this study investigated the effects of a cannabinoid CB2 receptor agonist on the local and systemic inflammatory process associated with pneumonia-induced sepsis. Pneumonia-induced sepsis was induced in mice by intratracheal inoculation of Klebsiella pneumoniae. Tissue and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) were collected 6, 24, or 48 h after surgery. Mice were treated with CB2 agonist (AM1241, 0.3 and 3 mg/kg, i.p.) and several parameters of inflammation were evaluated 24 h after sepsis induction. Polymorphonuclear cell migration to the infectious focus peaked 24 h after pneumonia-induced sepsis induction in male and female animals. Septic male mice presented a significant reduction of cannabinoid CB2 receptor density in the lung tissue after 24 h, which was not observed in females. CB2 expression in BAL macrophages was also reduced in septic animals. Treatment of septic mice with AM1241 reduced cell migration, local infection, myeloperoxidase activity, protein extravasation, and NOS-2 expression in the lungs. In addition, the treatment reduced plasma IL-1β, increased IL-10 and reduced the severity and mortality of septic animals. These results suggest that AM1241 promotes an interesting balance in the inflammatory response, maintaining lung function and preventing organ injury. Therefore, cannabinoid CB2 receptors are potential targets to control the excessive inflammatory process that occurs in severe conditions, and agonists of these receptors can be considered promising adjuvants in pneumonia-induced sepsis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Daniel Oliveira Patricio
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology anda Parasitology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, SC, Brazil
| | | | | | - Fernando Spiller
- Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, SC, Brazil
| | - Daniel Santos Mansur
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology anda Parasitology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, SC, Brazil
| | - Jamil Assreuy
- Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, SC, Brazil
| | - Regina Sordi
- Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, SC, Brazil.
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Ye H, Du Y, Jin Y, Liu F, He S, Guo Y. Articles on hemorrhagic shock published between 2000 and 2021: A CiteSpace-Based bibliometric analysis. Heliyon 2023; 9:e18840. [PMID: 37636355 PMCID: PMC10450864 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e18840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To conduct a bibliometric analysis of literature on hemorrhagic shock published between 2000 and 2021 with the help of Citespace to explore the current status, hotspots and research trends in this regard, with the results presented in a visualized manner. Methods The data over the past 22 years were retrieved from the Web of Science (WOS) Core Collection database and downloaded as the "Full Record and Cited References". Cooperative analysis, cluster analysis, co-citation analysis, and burst analysis were performed based on the data on countries/regions, institutions, journals, authors, and keywords through Citespace. Results A total of 2027 articles were retrieved. The number of annual publications fluctuated but was generally on an upward trend. The United States stands out as the most productive country (989 articles), the University of Pittsburgh the most productive publishing institution (109 articles), SHOCK the most cited journal (1486 articles), TAO LI the most productive author (40 articles), DEITCH EA the most cited author (261 times of citation), hemorrhagic shock the most frequent keyword (725 times of occurrence), and "traumatic brain injury" the most covered article in keyword clustering (29 articles). The burst analysis revealed Harvard University as the institution with the highest strength value and the Journal of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery the most important journal. It was also concluded that HASAN B ALAM, AARON M WILLIAMS, and LIMIN ZHANG may continue to publish high-quality articles in the future. In the meanwhile, both "protect" and "transfusion" were considered the hotspots and trends in current research. Conclusions The United States has been a major contributor to the publication of the articles over the past 22 years, with the most productive publishing institution, the most cited journal, and the most cited author all coming from the US. Hemorrhagic shock, injury, resuscitation, trauma, models, activation, expression, fluid resuscitation, rats, and nitric oxide are hot topics in relevant research. According to the keyword burst analysis, the areas related to "protect" and "transfusion" may rise as the research directions in the future. However, since the hotspots in the research of hemorrhagic shock are short-lived and fast-changing, the researchers should pay more attention to the development trend in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoran Ye
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Basic Research with Traditional Chinese Medicine on Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan Du
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yueting Jin
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Basic Research with Traditional Chinese Medicine on Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Fangyu Liu
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Shasha He
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Basic Research with Traditional Chinese Medicine on Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Yuhong Guo
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Basic Research with Traditional Chinese Medicine on Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China
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Inhibition of Bruton's Tyrosine Kinase Activity Attenuates Hemorrhagic Shock-Induced Multiple Organ Dysfunction in Rats. Ann Surg 2023; 277:e624-e633. [PMID: 35129479 PMCID: PMC9891276 DOI: 10.1097/sla.0000000000005357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate (a) the potential of the Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitors acalabrutinib and fenebrutinib to reduce multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) in acute (short-term and long-term follow-up) hemorrhagic shock (HS) rat models and (b) whether treatment with either acalabrutinib or fenebrutinib attenuates BTK, NF-κB and NLRP3 activation in HS. BACKGROUND The MODS caused by an excessive systemic inflammatory response following trauma is associated with a high morbidity and mortality. The protein BTK is known to play a role in the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome, which is a key component of the innate inflammatory response. However, its role in trauma-hemorrhage is unknown. METHODS Acute HS rat models were performed to determine the influence of acalabrutinib or fenebrutinib on MODS. The activation of BTK, NF-κB and NLRP3 pathways were analyzed by western blot in the kidney. RESULTS We demonstrated that (a) HS caused organ injury and/or dysfunction and hypotension (post-resuscitation) in rats, while (b) treatment of HS-rats with either acalabrutinib or fenebrutinib attenuated the organ injury and dysfunction in acute HS models and (c) reduced the activation of BTK, NF- kB and NLRP3 pathways in the kidney. CONCLUSION Our results point to a role of BTK in the pathophysiology of organ injury and dysfunction caused by trauma/hemorrhage and indicate that BTK inhibitors may be repurposed as a potential therapeutic approach for MODS after trauma and/or hemorrhage.
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The role of nitric oxide in sepsis-associated kidney injury. Biosci Rep 2022; 42:231441. [PMID: 35722824 PMCID: PMC9274646 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20220093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is one of the leading causes of acute kidney injury (AKI), and several mechanisms including microcirculatory alterations, oxidative stress, and endothelial cell dysfunction are involved. Nitric oxide (NO) is one of the common elements to all these mechanisms. Although all three nitric oxide synthase (NOS) isoforms are constitutively expressed within the kidneys, they contribute in different ways to nitrergic signaling. While the endothelial (eNOS) and neuronal (nNOS) isoforms are likely to be the main sources of NO under basal conditions and participate in the regulation of renal hemodynamics, the inducible isoform (iNOS) is dramatically increased in conditions such as sepsis. The overexpression of iNOS in the renal cortex causes a shunting of blood to this region, with consequent medullary ischemia in sepsis. Differences in the vascular reactivity among different vascular beds may also help to explain renal failure in this condition. While most of the vessels present vasoplegia and do not respond to vasoconstrictors, renal microcirculation behaves differently from nonrenal vascular beds, displaying similar constrictor responses in control and septic conditions. The selective inhibition of iNOS, without affecting other isoforms, has been described as the ideal scenario. However, iNOS is also constitutively expressed in the kidneys and the NO produced by this isoform is important for immune defense. In this sense, instead of a direct iNOS inhibition, targeting the NO effectors such as guanylate cyclase, potassium channels, peroxynitrite, and S-nitrosothiols, may be a more interesting approach in sepsis-AKI and further investigation is warranted.
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Xu Z, Chu M. Advances in Immunosuppressive Agents Based on Signal Pathway. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:917162. [PMID: 35694243 PMCID: PMC9178660 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.917162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune abnormality involves in various diseases, such as infection, allergic diseases, autoimmune diseases, as well as transplantation. Several signal pathways have been demonstrated to play a central role in the immune response, including JAK/STAT, NF-κB, PI3K/AKT-mTOR, MAPK, and Keap1/Nrf2/ARE pathway, in which multiple targets have been used to develop immunosuppressive agents. In recent years, varieties of immunosuppressive agents have been approved for clinical use, such as the JAK inhibitor tofacitinib and the mTOR inhibitor everolimus, which have shown good therapeutic effects. Additionally, many immunosuppressive agents are still in clinical trials or preclinical studies. In this review, we classified the immunosuppressive agents according to the immunopharmacological mechanisms, and summarized the phase of immunosuppressive agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqing Xu
- Department of Immunology, National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology (Peking University), School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Department of Pharmacology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ming Chu
- Department of Immunology, National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology (Peking University), School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
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Akram M, Egbuna C, Imtiaz A, Ogodo AC, Otekunrin OA, Ifemeje JC, Ezeonyebuchi FN, Archibong IE, Chandra S, Saklani S, Adetunji CO, Patrick-Iwuanyanwu KC, Zedech Uche C. Drug discovery opportunities from traditional practices against SARS-CoV-2. CORONAVIRUS DRUG DISCOVERY 2022:191-205. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-95574-4.00007-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
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Wang L, Liu SL, Xu ZP, Song Q, Li L, Qiu ZL, Wang ZJ. Protective effect of Lactobacillus-containing probiotics on intestinal mucosa of rats experiencing traumatic hemorrhagic shock. Open Life Sci 2021; 16:1122-1129. [PMID: 34712822 PMCID: PMC8511963 DOI: 10.1515/biol-2021-0112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Revised: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted to assess whether Lactobacillus-containing probiotics could protect intestinal mucosa in rats during traumatic hemorrhagic shock and to determine its underlying mechanisms. Healthy male Sprague–Dawley rats (300 ± 20 g) were randomly divided into four groups. During the study, reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, western blotting, and hematoxylin and eosin methods were used. There was a significant increase in the expression of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) in the rats that experienced traumatic hemorrhagic shock, along with increased mRNA of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin (IL)-6. Pretreatment with Lactobacillus-containing probiotics reduced TLR4 expression, decreased phosphorylation (Ser536) and acetylation (Lys310) of p65, and decreased TNF-α and IL-6 mRNA. The probiotics combined acetate Ringer’s group showed a less severe pathological manifestation compared to the other experimental groups. Lactobacillus-containing probiotics inhibited nuclear factor-kappa B signaling via the downregulation of TLR4, resulting in inflammatory homeostasis, which might be the mechanism whereby Lactobacillus protects the intestinal mucosa from damage caused by the traumatic hemorrhagic shock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- Department of Emergency, Anhui Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China.,Department of Intensive Care Unit, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271000, China
| | - Shu-Li Liu
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271000, China
| | - Zhi-Peng Xu
- Department of Emergency Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, 233004, China
| | - Qi Song
- Department of Emergency Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, 233004, China
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Emergency Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, 233004, China
| | - Zhao-Lei Qiu
- Department of Emergency Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, 233004, China
| | - Zhen-Jie Wang
- Department of Emergency Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, No. 287, Changhuai Road, Bengbu, Anhui, 233004, China
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Lu P, Zhang L, Liu T, Fan JJ, Luo X, Zhu YT. MiR-494-mediated Effects on the NF-κB Signaling Pathway Regulate Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Acute Kidney Injury in Mice. Immunol Invest 2021; 51:1372-1384. [PMID: 34238104 DOI: 10.1080/08820139.2021.1944184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the effects of miR-494 inhibition through the NF-κB signaling pathway on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute kidney injury (AKI) mouse model. METHODS The AKI mice induced by LPS were treated with miR-494 antagomir, and the kidney parameters and indicators of oxidative stress were detected. HE and TUNEL staining were performed to observe the kidney histopathology and the apoptosis in renal tubular epithelial cells (RTECs), respectively. The ROS level was measured using dihydroethidium (DHE) staining. In addition, qRT-PCR, western blotting, immunohistochemistry (IHC), and ELISA were also used to detect gene or protein expression. RESULTS LPS-induced AKI mice injected with the miR-494 antagomir showed reduced blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and serum creatinine (Cr) with improved kidney histopathology. The expression levels of p-IKKα/β, p-IκBα and p65 NF-κB in the nucleus were increased in kidney tissues from the LPS-induced AKI mice, and they were decreased by the miR-494 antagomir. Moreover, the results of IHC showed that the miR-494 antagomir downregulated p65 NF-κB in kidney tissues from the LPS-induced AKI mice, accompanied by decreased levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, MDA, NO, and ROS but increased levels of SOD and GSH. In addition, the LPS-induced AKI mice had increased apoptosis in RTECs, as well as increased Caspase-3 and Bax and decreased Bcl-2, which were reversed by the miR-494 antagomir. CONCLUSIONS The inhibition of miR-494 could reduce inflammatory responses and improve oxidative stress in kidney tissues from LPS-induced AKI mice by blocking the NF-κB pathway accompanying by reduced apoptosis in RTECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Lu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, China
| | - Ting Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The 252nd Hospital of PLA, Baoding, China
| | - Jing-Jing Fan
- Department of Emergency ICU, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, China
| | - Xu Luo
- Department of Pharmacy, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, China
| | - Yi-Tang Zhu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, China
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the potential changes in the plasma levels of resolvin D1 (RvD1) in patients with trauma and hemorrhage. Having found that trauma results in a profound reduction in plasma RvD1 in patients, we have then investigated the effects of RvD1 on the organ injury and dysfunction associated with hemorrhagic shock (HS) in the rat. BACKGROUND HS is a common cause of death in trauma due to excessive systemic inflammation and multiple organ failure. RvD1 is a member of the resolvin family of pro-resolution mediators. METHODS Blood samples were drawn from critically injured patients (n = 27, ACITII-prospective observational cohort study) within 2 hours of injury for targeted liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. HS rats (removal of blood to reduce arterial pressure to 30 ± 2 mm Hg, 90 minutes, followed by resuscitation) were treated with RvD1 (0.3 or 1 μg/kg intravenous (i.v.)) or vehicle (n = 7). Parameters of organ injury and dysfunction were determined. RESULTS Plasma levels of RvD1 (mg/dL) were reduced in patients with trauma+HS (0.17 ± 0.08) when compared with healthy volunteers (0.76 ± 0.25) and trauma patients (0.62 ± 0.20). In rats with HS, RvD1 attenuated the kidney dysfunction, liver injury, and tissue ischemia. RvD1 also reduced activation of the nuclear factor (NF)-κB pathway and reduced the expression of pro-inflammatory proteins such as inducible nitric oxide synthase, tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β, and interleukin-6. CONCLUSION Plasma RvD1 is reduced in patients with trauma-HS. In rats with HS, administration of synthetic RvD1 on resuscitation attenuated the multiple organ failure associated with HS by a mechanism that involves inhibition of the activation of NF-κB.
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Duran Y, Karaboğa İ, Polat FR, Polat E, Erboğa ZF, Ovalı MA, Öztopuz RÖ, Çelikkol A, Yılmaz A. Royal jelly attenuates gastric mucosal injury in a rat ethanol-induced gastric injury model. Mol Biol Rep 2020; 47:8867-8879. [PMID: 33135128 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-05939-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to investigate traditionally used Royal Jelly (RJ) for treating an ethanol-induced gastric ulcer model in rats. A total of 32 Wistar albino male rats were divided into 4 groups of 8: group I = Control, group II = Ethanol, group III = RJ + Ethanol, and group IV = Lansoprazole + Ethanol. In groups II, III, and IV, animals were administered 1 ml of absolute ethanol orally after a 24-h fast to induce ulcer formation. The histopathological changes in the gastric mucosa were determined using hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) staining. Immunohistochemically, inducible nitric oxide (iNOS) and nuclear factor kappa beta (Nf-κβ) markings were evaluated in gastric tissue. Cell death in the gastric mucosa was determined by the TUNEL method. Oxidative status markers, superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), catalase (CAT), and myeloperoxidase (MPO) levels were determined spectrophotometrically. Expression of the interleukin - 1 beta (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) genes in gastric tissues was determined by real-time PCR; and TNF-α, IL-10, and IL-1β levels were determined. RJ was found to inhibit iNOS and Nf-κβ activity in the gastric mucosa and prevent epithelial cell apoptosis. In particular, pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-1β levels were significantly decreased in the RJ + Ethanol group compared to the Ethanol group. In addition, a decrease in the MPO level indicated that RJ prevented tissue damage, especially by preventing inflammatory cell infiltration. The study demonstrated a possible gastroprotective effect of RJ in a rat ethanol-induced gastric ulcer model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasin Duran
- Tekirdağ Namık Kemal University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of General Surgery, Tekirdağ, Turkey
| | - İhsan Karaboğa
- Tekirdağ Namık Kemal University, School of Health, Department of Emergency and Disaster Management, Tekirdağ, Turkey.
| | - Fatin Rüştü Polat
- Tekirdağ Namık Kemal University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of General Surgery, Tekirdağ, Turkey
| | - Elif Polat
- Tekirdağ Namık Kemal University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Tekirdağ, Turkey
| | - Zeynep Fidanol Erboğa
- Tekirdağ Namık Kemal University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Tekirdağ, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Akif Ovalı
- Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Çanakkale, Turkey
| | - Rahime Özlem Öztopuz
- Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biophysics, Çanakkale, Turkey
| | - Aliye Çelikkol
- Tekirdağ Namık Kemal University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Tekirdağ, Turkey
| | - Ahsen Yılmaz
- Tekirdağ Namık Kemal University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Tekirdağ, Turkey
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Augustin Y, Staines HM, Krishna S. Artemisinins as a novel anti-cancer therapy: Targeting a global cancer pandemic through drug repurposing. Pharmacol Ther 2020; 216:107706. [PMID: 33075360 PMCID: PMC7564301 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2020.107706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Artemisinins are a unique class of antimalarial drugs with significant potential for drug repurposing for a wide range of diseases including cancer. Cancer is a leading cause of death globally and the majority of cancer related deaths occur in Low and Middle Income Countries (LMICs) where conventional treatment options are often limited by financial cost. Drug repurposing can significantly shorten new therapeutic discovery pathways, ensuring greater accessibility and affordability globally. Artemisinins have an excellent safety and tolerability profile as well as being affordable for deployment in Low and Middle Class Income Countries at around USD1 per daily dose. Robust, well designed clinical trials of artemisinin drug repurposing are indicated for a variety of different cancers and treatment settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yolanda Augustin
- Institute of Infection & Immunity, St George's University of London, United Kingdom
| | - Henry M Staines
- Institute of Infection & Immunity, St George's University of London, United Kingdom
| | - Sanjeev Krishna
- Institute of Infection & Immunity, St George's University of London, United Kingdom.
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Single Crystal X-Ray Structure for the Disordered Two Independent Molecules of Novel Isoflavone: Synthesis, Hirshfeld Surface Analysis, Inhibition and Docking Studies on IKKβ of 3-(2,3-dihydrobenzo[b][1,4]dioxin-6-yl)-6,7-dimethoxy-4H-chromen-4-one. CRYSTALS 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/cryst10100911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The structure of the isoflavone compound, 3-(2,3-dihydrobenzo[b][1,4]dioxin-6-yl)-6,7-dimethoxy-4H-chromen-4-one (5), was elucidated by 2D-NMR spectra, mass spectrum and single crystal X-ray crystallography. Compound 5, C19H16O6, was crystallized in the monoclinic space group P21/c with the cell parameters; a = 12.0654(5) Å, b =11.0666(5) Å, c = 23.9550(11) Å, β = 101.3757(16)°, V = 3135.7(2) Å3, and Z = 8. The asymmetric unit of compound 5 consists of two independent molecules 5I and 5II. Both molecules exhibit the disorder of each methylene group present in their 1,4-dioxane rings with relative occupancies of 0.599(10) (5I) and 0.812(9) (5II) for the major component A, and 0.401(10) (5I) and 0.188(9) (5II) for the minor component B, respectively. Each independent molecule revealed remarkable discrepancies in bond lengths, bond angles and dihedral angles in the disordered regions of 1,4-dioxane rings. The common feature of the molecules 5I and 5II are a chromone ring and a benzodioxin ring, which are more tilted towards each other in 5I than in 5II. An additional difference between the molecules is seen in the relative disposition of two methoxy substituents. In the crystal, the molecule 5II forms inversion dimers which are linked into chains along an a-axis direction by intermolecular C–H⋯O interactions. Additional C–H⋯O hydrogen bonds connected the molecules 5I and 5II each other to form a three-dimensional network. Hirshfeld surface analysis evaluated the relative intermolecular interactions which contribute to each crystal structure 5I and 5II. Western blot analysis demonstrated that compound 5 inhibited the TNFα-induced phosphorylation of IKKα/β, resulting in attenuating further downstream NF-κB signaling. A molecular docking study predicted the possible binding of compound 5 to the active site of IKKβ. Compound 5 showed an inhibitory effect on the clonogenicity of HCT116 human colon cancer cells. These results suggest that compound 5 can be used as a platform for the development of an anti-cancer agent targeting IKKα/β.
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Galbraith NJ, Gardner SA, Walker SP, Trainor P, Carter JV, Bishop C, Sarojini H, O'Brien SJ, Bhatnagar A, Polk HC, Galandiuk S. The role and function of IκKα/β in monocyte impairment. Sci Rep 2020; 10:12222. [PMID: 32699255 PMCID: PMC7376008 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-68018-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Following major trauma, sepsis or surgery, some patients exhibit an impaired monocyte inflammatory response that is characterized by a decreased response to a subsequent bacterial challenge. To investigate this poorly understood phenomenon, we adopted an in-vitro model of endotoxin tolerance utilising primary human CD14 + monocytes to focus on the effect of impairment on IκKα/β, a critical part of the NFκB pathway. Impaired monocytes had decreased IκKα mRNA and protein expression and decreased phosphorylation of the IκKα/β complex. The impaired monocyte secretome demonstrated a distinct cytokine/chemokine footprint from the naïve monocyte, and that TNF-α was the most sensitive cytokine or chemokine in this setting of impairment. Inhibition of IκKα/β with a novel selective inhibitor reproduced the impaired monocyte phenotype with decreased production of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-12p70, IL-10, GM-CSF, VEGF, MIP-1β, TNF-β, IFN-α2 and IL-7 in response to an LPS challenge. Surgical patients with infection also exhibited an impaired monocyte phenotype and had decreased SITPEC, TAK1 and MEKK gene expression, which are important for IκKα/β activation. Our results emphasize that impaired monocyte function is, at least in part, related to dysregulated IκKα/β activation, and that IκKα/β is likely involved in mounting a sufficient monocyte inflammatory response. Future studies may wish to focus on adjuvant therapies that augment IκKα/β function to restore monocyte function in this clinically important problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norman J Galbraith
- Price Institute of Surgical Research, Department of Surgery, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, 40292, USA
| | - Sarah A Gardner
- Price Institute of Surgical Research, Department of Surgery, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, 40292, USA
| | - Samuel P Walker
- Price Institute of Surgical Research, Department of Surgery, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, 40292, USA
| | - Patrick Trainor
- Diabetes and Obesity Center, Institute of Molecular Cardiology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Jane V Carter
- Price Institute of Surgical Research, Department of Surgery, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, 40292, USA
| | - Campbell Bishop
- Price Institute of Surgical Research, Department of Surgery, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, 40292, USA
| | - Harshini Sarojini
- Price Institute of Surgical Research, Department of Surgery, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, 40292, USA
| | - Stephen J O'Brien
- Price Institute of Surgical Research, Department of Surgery, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, 40292, USA
| | - Aruni Bhatnagar
- Diabetes and Obesity Center, Institute of Molecular Cardiology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Hiram C Polk
- Price Institute of Surgical Research, Department of Surgery, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, 40292, USA.
| | - Susan Galandiuk
- Price Institute of Surgical Research, Department of Surgery, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, 40292, USA
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15
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Therapeutic effects of IkB kinase inhibitor during systemic inflammation. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 84:106509. [PMID: 32335479 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.106509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Animal models of inflammatory diseases support the idea that nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) activation plays a pathophysiological role and is widely implicated in multiple organ dysfunction (MOD). Indeed, the inhibition of the IκB kinase (IKK) complex, involved in the NF-κB pathway, can represent a promising approach to prevent MOD. The present work employed a rat model of systemic inflammation to investigate the preventive effects of Inhibitor of IKK complex (IKK16). In male Wistar rats, systemic inflammation was induced by a tail vein injection of lipopolysaccharides (LPS challenge; 12 mg/kg). Treatment with IKK16 (1 mg/kg body weight) was administered, by tail vein, 15 min post-LPS. Age- and sex-matched healthy rats and LPS rats without treatment were used as controls. At 24 h post-IKK16 treatment, serum enzyme levels indicative of liver, kidney, pancreas and muscle function were evaluated by biochemical analysis, and RT-PCR technique was used to analyze gene expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Hemodynamic parameters were also considered to assess the LPS-induced inflammation. IKK16 treatment yielded a strong therapeutic effect in preventing LPS-induced elevation of serological enzyme levels, attenuating hepatic, renal, pancreatic and muscular dysfunction after LPS challenge. Moreover, as expected, LPS promoted a significantly overexpression of TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β in the heart, kidney, and liver; which was diminished by IKK16 treatment. The present study provides convincing evidence that selective inhibition of the IκB kinase complex through the action of IKK16, plays a protective role against LPS-induced multiple organ dysfunction by reducing the acute inflammatory response induced by endotoxin exposure.
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16
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Zechendorf E, O'Riordan CE, Stiehler L, Wischmeyer N, Chiazza F, Collotta D, Denecke B, Ernst S, Müller-Newen G, Coldewey SM, Wissuwa B, Collino M, Simon TP, Schuerholz T, Stoppe C, Marx G, Thiemermann C, Martin L. Ribonuclease 1 attenuates septic cardiomyopathy and cardiac apoptosis in a murine model of polymicrobial sepsis. JCI Insight 2020; 5:131571. [PMID: 32213712 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.131571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Septic cardiomyopathy is a life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by sepsis. Ribonuclease 1 (RNase 1) belongs to a group of host-defense peptides that specifically cleave extracellular RNA (eRNA). The activity of RNase 1 is inhibited by ribonuclease-inhibitor 1 (RNH1). However, the role of RNase 1 in septic cardiomyopathy and associated cardiac apoptosis is completely unknown. Here, we show that sepsis resulted in a significant increase in RNH1 and eRNA serum levels compared with those of healthy subjects. Treatment with RNase 1 resulted in a significant decrease of apoptosis, induced by the intrinsic pathway, and TNF expression in murine cardiomyocytes exposed to either necrotic cardiomyocytes or serum of septic patients for 16 hours. Additionally, treatment of septic mice with RNase 1 resulted in a reduction in cardiac apoptosis, TNF expression, and septic cardiomyopathy. These data demonstrate that eRNA plays a crucial role in the pathophysiology of the organ (cardiac) dysfunction in sepsis and that RNase and RNH1 may be new therapeutic targets and/or strategies to reduce the cardiac injury and dysfunction caused by sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Zechendorf
- Department of Intensive Care and Intermediate Care, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Caroline E O'Riordan
- William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Lara Stiehler
- Department of Intensive Care and Intermediate Care, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Natalie Wischmeyer
- Department of Intensive Care and Intermediate Care, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Fausto Chiazza
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Debora Collotta
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Bernd Denecke
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Clinical Research Aachen and
| | - Sabrina Ernst
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Gerhard Müller-Newen
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Sina M Coldewey
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine and.,Septomics Research Center, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Bianka Wissuwa
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine and.,Septomics Research Center, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Massimo Collino
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Tim-Philipp Simon
- Department of Intensive Care and Intermediate Care, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Tobias Schuerholz
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, University Hospital Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Christian Stoppe
- Department of Intensive Care and Intermediate Care, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Gernot Marx
- Department of Intensive Care and Intermediate Care, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Christoph Thiemermann
- William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Lukas Martin
- Department of Intensive Care and Intermediate Care, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
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Early Heterogenic Response of Renal Microvasculature to Hemorrhagic Shock/Resuscitation and the Influence of NF-κB Pathway Blockade. Shock 2020; 51:200-212. [PMID: 29470361 PMCID: PMC6319598 DOI: 10.1097/shk.0000000000001126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text Hemorrhagic shock (HS) is associated with low blood pressure due to excessive loss of circulating blood and causes both macrocirculatory and microcirculatory dysfunction. Fluid resuscitation after HS is used in the clinic to restore tissue perfusion. The persistent microcirculatory damage caused by HS and/or resuscitation can result in multiple organ damage, with the kidney being one of the involved organs. The kidney microvasculature consists of different segments that possess a remarkable heterogeneity in functional properties. The aim of this study was to investigate the inflammatory responses of these different renal microvascular segments, i.e., arterioles, glomeruli, and postcapillary venules, to HS and resuscitation (HS/R) in mice and to explore the effects of intervention with a nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) inhibitor on these responses. We found that HS/R disturbed the balance of the angiopoietin-Tie2 ligand-receptor system, especially in the glomeruli. Furthermore, endothelial adhesion molecules, proinflammatory cytokines, and chemokines were markedly upregulated by HS/R, with the strongest responses occurring in the glomerular and postcapillary venous segments. Blockade of NF-κB signaling during the resuscitation period only slightly inhibited HS/R-induced inflammatory activation, possibly because NF-κB p65 nuclear translocation already occurred during the HS period. In summary, although all three renal microvascular segments were activated upon HS/R, responses of endothelial cells in glomeruli and postcapillary venules to HS/R, as well as to NF-κB inhibition were stronger than those in arterioles. NF-κB inhibition during the resuscitation phase does not effectively counteract NF-κB p65 nuclear translocation initiating inflammatory gene transcription.
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Duran Y, Karaboğa İ. Effect of hesperetin on systemic inflammation and hepatic injury after blunt chest trauma in rats. Biotech Histochem 2019; 95:297-304. [PMID: 31850807 DOI: 10.1080/10520295.2019.1691265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
We investigated the protective effect of hesperetin on hepatic damage after blunt chest trauma in rats using histological and biochemical methods. We used 18 adult male rats in three groups of six: control, chest trauma and chest trauma + hesperetin. Chest trauma was caused by dropping a metal cylinder onto the right hemithorax. Hesperetin, 100 mg/kg, was administered orally for 7 days. At the end of the seventh day, liver tissue samples were obtained. Serum tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin 1-beta (IL-1β), alanine aminotransferase (AST), aspartate transferase (ALT) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) enzyme activities were measured in blood samples taken from the heart. The general structure of liver tissue was investigated using hematoxylin and eosin staining. Nuclear factor kappa beta (Nf-κβ) expression in liver tissue was determined by the indirect immunohistochemical method. Apoptosis was determined using the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) method. Decreased TNF-α, AST and ALT enzyme activity, fewer histopathological changes and lower Nf-kB expression were observed in the hesperetin treated group compared to the chest trauma group. We also found reduced hepatic apoptosis in the chest trauma + hesperetin group compared to the chest trauma group. Hesperetine inhibits liver damage by reducing proinflammatory cytokines and by suppressing Nf-κβ activity in a blunt chest trauma model in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasin Duran
- Tekirdag Namık Kemal University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of General Surgery, 59030, Tekirdag, Turkey
| | - İhsan Karaboğa
- Tekirdag Namık Kemal University, School of Health, Department of Emergency and Disaster Management, 59030, Tekirdag, Turkey
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Novel Synthetic, Host-defense Peptide Protects Against Organ Injury/Dysfunction in a Rat Model of Severe Hemorrhagic Shock. Ann Surg 2019; 268:348-356. [PMID: 28288070 DOI: 10.1097/sla.0000000000002186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate (1) levels of the host-defense/antimicrobial peptide LL-37 in patients with trauma and hemorrhagic shock (HS) and (2) the effects of a synthetic host-defense peptide; Pep19-4LF on multiple organ failure (MOF) associated with HS. BACKGROUND HS is a common cause of death in severely injured patients. There is no specific therapy that reduces HS-associated MOF. METHODS (1) LL-37 was measured in 47 trauma/HS patients admitted to an urban major trauma center. (2) Male Wistar rats were submitted to HS (90 min, target mean arterial pressure: 27-32 mm Hg) or sham operation. Rats were treated with Pep19-4LF [66 (n = 8) or 333 μg/kg · h (n = 8)] or vehicle (n = 12) for 4 hours following resuscitation. RESULTS Plasma LL-37 was 12-fold higher in patients with trauma/HS compared to healthy volunteers. HS rats treated with Pep19-4LF (high dose) had a higher mean arterial pressure at the end of the 4-hour resuscitation period (79 ± 4 vs 54 ± 5 mm Hg) and less renal dysfunction, liver injury, and lung inflammation than HS rats treated with vehicle. Pep19-4LF enhanced (kidney/liver) the phosphorylation of (1) protein kinase B and (2) endothelial nitric oxide synthase. Pep19-4LF attenuated the HS-induced (1) translocation of p65 from cytosol to nucleus, (2) phosphorylation of IκB kinase on Ser, and (3) phosphorylation of IκBα on Ser resulting in inhibition of nuclear factor kappa B and formation of proinflammatory cytokines. Pep19-4LF prevented the release of tumor necrosis factor alpha caused by heparan sulfate in human mononuclear cells by binding to this damage-associated molecular pattern. CONCLUSIONS Trauma-associated HS results in release of LL-37. The synthetic host-defense/antimicrobial peptide Pep19-4LF attenuates the organ injury/dysfunction associated with HS.
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20
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Lu WJ, Lin KH, Tseng MF, Yuan KC, Huang HC, Sheu JR, Chen RJ. New therapeutic strategy of hinokitiol in haemorrhagic shock-induced liver injury. J Cell Mol Med 2018; 23:1723-1734. [PMID: 30548082 PMCID: PMC6378182 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Revised: 11/04/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Haemorrhagic shock and resuscitation (HS/R) may cause global ischaemia-reperfusion injury, which can result in systemic inflammation, multiorgan failure (particularly liver failure) and high mortality. Hinokitiol, a bioactive tropolone-related compound, exhibits antiplatelet and anti-inflammatory activities. Targeting inflammatory responses is a potential strategy for ameliorating hepatic injury during HS/R. Whether hinokitiol prevents hepatic injury during HS/R remains unclear. In the present study, we determined the role of hinokitiol following HS/R. The in vivo assays revealed that hinokitiol markedly attenuated HS/R-induced hepatic injury. Hinokitiol could inhibited NF-κB activation and IL-6 and TNF-α upregulation in liver tissues. Moreover, hinokitiol reduced caspase-3 activation, upregulated Bax and downregulated Bcl-2. These findings suggest that hinokitiol can ameliorate liver injury following HS/R, partly through suppression of inflammation and apoptosis. Furthermore, the in vitro data revealed that hinokitiol significantly reversed hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R)-induced cell death and apoptosis in the primary hepatocytes. Hinokitiol prevented H/R-induced caspase-3 activation, PPAR cleavage, Bax overexpression and Bcl-2 downregulation. Moreover, hinokitiol attenuated H/R-stimulated NF-κB activation and reduced the levels of IL-6 and TNF-α mRNAs, suggesting that hinokitiol can protect hepatocytes from H/R injury. Collectively, our data suggest that hinokitiol attenuates liver injury following HS/R, partly through the inhibition of NF-κB activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Jung Lu
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Metabolism and Obesity Sciences, College of Public Health and Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Hung Lin
- Central Laboratory, Shin-Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Mackay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Fang Tseng
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Ching Yuan
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine and Division of Acute Care Surgery and Trauma, Department of Surgery, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Chang Huang
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Joen-Rong Sheu
- Graduate Institute of Metabolism and Obesity Sciences, College of Public Health and Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ray-Jade Chen
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
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21
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Hepatorenal protective effects of medicinal herbs in An-Gong-Niu-Huang Wan (AGNH) against cinnabar- and realgar-induced oxidative stress and inflammatory damage in mice. Food Chem Toxicol 2018; 119:445-456. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2017.11.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Revised: 11/25/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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22
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Sulistyowati E, Lee MY, Wu LC, Hsu JH, Dai ZK, Wu BN, Lin MC, Yeh JL. Exogenous Heat Shock Cognate Protein 70 Suppresses LPS-Induced Inflammation by Down-Regulating NF-κB through MAPK and MMP-2/-9 Pathways in Macrophages. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23092124. [PMID: 30142934 PMCID: PMC6225271 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23092124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Revised: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Heat shock cognate protein 70 (HSC70), a molecular chaperone, is constitutively expressed by mammalian cells to regulate various cellular functions. It is associated with many diseases and is a potential therapeutic target. Although HSC70 also possesses an anti-inflammatory action, the mechanism of this action remains unclear. This current study aimed to assess the anti-inflammatory effects of HSC70 in murine macrophages RAW 264.7 exposed to lipopolysaccharides (LPS) and to explain its pathways. Mouse macrophages (RAW 264.7) in 0.1 µg/mL LPS incubation were pretreated with recombinant HSC70 (rHSC70) and different assays (Griess assay, enzyme-linked immune assay/ELISA, electrophoretic mobility shift assay/EMSA, gelatin zymography, and Western blotting) were performed to determine whether rHSC70 blocks pro-inflammatory mediators. The findings showed that rHSC70 attenuated the nitric oxide (NO) generation, tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and interleukin 6 (IL-6) expressions in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. In addition, rHSC70 preconditioning suppressed the activities and expressions of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and MMP-9. Finally, rHSC70 diminished the nuclear translocation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and reduced the phosphorylation of extracellular-signal regulated kinases 1/2 (ERK1/2), c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK), and phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K/Akt). We demonstrate that rHSC70 preconditioning exerts its anti-inflammatory effects through NO production constriction; TNF-α, and IL-6 suppression following down-regulation of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2), and MMP-2/MMP-9. Accordingly, it ameliorated the signal transduction of MAPKs, Akt/IκBα, and NF-κB pathways. Therefore, extracellular HSC70 plays a critical role in the innate immunity modulation and mechanisms of endogenous protective stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erna Sulistyowati
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
- Faculty of Medicine, Islamic University of Malang, East Java 65145, Indonesia.
| | - Mei-Yueh Lee
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Municipal Hsiaokang Hospital, Kaohsiung 812, Taiwan.
| | - Lin-Chi Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
| | - Jong-Hau Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
| | - Zen-Kong Dai
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
| | - Bin-Nan Wu
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
| | - Ming-Chung Lin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chi Mei Medical Center, Liouying, Tainan 736, Taiwan.
| | - Jwu-Lai Yeh
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
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Prescott JA, Cook SJ. Targeting IKKβ in Cancer: Challenges and Opportunities for the Therapeutic Utilisation of IKKβ Inhibitors. Cells 2018; 7:cells7090115. [PMID: 30142927 PMCID: PMC6162708 DOI: 10.3390/cells7090115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Revised: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 08/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Deregulated NF-κB signalling is implicated in the pathogenesis of numerous human inflammatory disorders and malignancies. Consequently, the NF-κB pathway has attracted attention as an attractive therapeutic target for drug discovery. As the primary, druggable mediator of canonical NF-κB signalling the IKKβ protein kinase has been the historical focus of drug development pipelines. Thousands of compounds with activity against IKKβ have been characterised, with many demonstrating promising efficacy in pre-clinical models of cancer and inflammatory disease. However, severe on-target toxicities and other safety concerns associated with systemic IKKβ inhibition have thus far prevented the clinical approval of any IKKβ inhibitors. This review will discuss the potential reasons for the lack of clinical success of IKKβ inhibitors to date, the challenges associated with their therapeutic use, realistic opportunities for their future utilisation, and the alternative strategies to inhibit NF-κB signalling that may overcome some of the limitations associated with IKKβ inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack A Prescott
- Signalling Laboratory, The Babraham Institute, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge CB22 3AT, UK.
| | - Simon J Cook
- Signalling Laboratory, The Babraham Institute, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge CB22 3AT, UK.
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Maile MD, Standiford TJ, Engoren MC, Stringer KA, Jewell ES, Rajendiran TM, Soni T, Burant CF. Associations of the plasma lipidome with mortality in the acute respiratory distress syndrome: a longitudinal cohort study. Respir Res 2018; 19:60. [PMID: 29636049 PMCID: PMC5894233 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-018-0758-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background It is unknown if the plasma lipidome is a useful tool for improving our understanding of the acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Therefore, we measured the plasma lipidome of individuals with ARDS at two time-points to determine if changes in the plasma lipidome distinguished survivors from non-survivors. We hypothesized that both the absolute concentration and change in concentration over time of plasma lipids are associated with 28-day mortality in this population. Methods Samples for this longitudinal observational cohort study were collected at multiple tertiary-care academic medical centers as part of a previous multicenter clinical trial. A mass spectrometry shot-gun lipidomic assay was used to quantify the lipidome in plasma samples from 30 individuals. Samples from two different days were analyzed for each subject. After removing lipids with a coefficient of variation > 30%, differences between cohorts were identified using repeated measures analysis of variance. The false discovery rate was used to adjust for multiple comparisons. Relationships between significant compounds were explored using hierarchical clustering of the Pearson correlation coefficients and the magnitude of these relationships was described using receiver operating characteristic curves. Results The mass spectrometry assay reliably measured 359 lipids. After adjusting for multiple comparisons, 90 compounds differed between survivors and non-survivors. Survivors had higher levels for each of these lipids except for five membrane lipids. Glycerolipids, particularly those containing polyunsaturated fatty acid side-chains, represented many of the lipids with higher concentrations in survivors. The change in lipid concentration over time did not differ between survivors and non-survivors. Conclusions The concentration of multiple plasma lipids is associated with mortality in this group of critically ill patients with ARDS. Absolute lipid levels provided more information than the change in concentration over time. These findings support future research aimed at integrating lipidomics into critical care medicine. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12931-018-0758-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael D Maile
- Department of Anesthesiology, Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, 4172 Cardiovascular Center, 1500 East Medical Center Drive, SPC 5861, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA. .,Michigan Center for Integrative Research in Critical Care, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
| | - Theodore J Standiford
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.,Michigan Center for Integrative Research in Critical Care, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Milo C Engoren
- Department of Anesthesiology, Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, 4172 Cardiovascular Center, 1500 East Medical Center Drive, SPC 5861, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.,Michigan Center for Integrative Research in Critical Care, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Kathleen A Stringer
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.,Michigan Center for Integrative Research in Critical Care, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Elizabeth S Jewell
- Department of Anesthesiology, Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, 4172 Cardiovascular Center, 1500 East Medical Center Drive, SPC 5861, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Thekkelnaycke M Rajendiran
- Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.,Michigan Regional Comprehensive Metabolomics Resource Core, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Tanu Soni
- Michigan Regional Comprehensive Metabolomics Resource Core, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Charles F Burant
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Diabetes, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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Jia C, Dai C, Wang H, Wan Y, Qiao Y, Xu F, Peng S, Zhao Y, Zhao C, Zhao L. Differential Effects of Three Techniques for Hepatic Vascular Exclusion during Resection for Liver Cirrhosis on Hepatic Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in Rats. Gastroenterol Res Pract 2018; 2018:5309286. [PMID: 29507582 PMCID: PMC5817263 DOI: 10.1155/2018/5309286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Hepatic ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury is a serious concern during hepatic vascular occlusion. The objectives of this study were to assess effects of three techniques for hepatic vascular occlusion on I/R injury and to explore the underlying mechanisms. METHODS Liver cirrhotic rats had undertaken Pringle maneuver (PR), hemihepatic vascular occlusion (HH), or hepatic blood inflow occlusion without hemihepatic artery control (WH). Levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), TIR-domain-containing adapter-inducing interferon-β (TRIF), and hemeoxygenase 1 (HMOX1) were assayed. RESULTS The histopathologic analysis displayed that liver harm was more prominent in the PR group, but similar in the HH and WH groups. The HH and WH groups responded to hepatic I/R inflammation similarly but better than the PR group. Mechanical studies suggested that TNF-α/NF-κB signaling and TLR4/TRIF transduction pathways were associated with the differential effects. In addition, the HH and WH groups had significantly higher levels of hepatic HMOX1 (P < 0.05) than the PR group. CONCLUSIONS HH and WH confer better preservation of liver function and protection than the Pringle maneuver in combating I/R injury. Upregulation of HMOX1 may lead to better protection and clinical outcomes after liver resection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changjun Jia
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Splenic Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, China
| | - Chaoliu Dai
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Splenic Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, China
| | - Hailiang Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Splenic Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, China
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Weihai Central Hospital, Weihai, Shandong 264400, China
| | - Yi Wan
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Splenic Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, China
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning 116001, China
| | - Yunyu Qiao
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Splenic Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, China
- Department of Anal Disease, Shenyang Coloproctology Hospital, Shenyang, Liaoning 110000, China
| | - Feng Xu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Splenic Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, China
| | - Songlin Peng
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Splenic Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, China
| | - Yang Zhao
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Splenic Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, China
| | - Chuang Zhao
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Splenic Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, China
| | - Liang Zhao
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Splenic Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, China
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Abstract
The microvasculature plays a central role in the pathophysiology of hemorrhagic shock and is also involved in arguably all therapeutic attempts to reverse or minimize the adverse consequences of shock. Microvascular studies specific to hemorrhagic shock were reviewed and broadly grouped depending on whether data were obtained on animal or human subjects. Dedicated sections were assigned to microcirculatory changes in specific organs, and major categories of pathophysiological alterations and mechanisms such as oxygen distribution, ischemia, inflammation, glycocalyx changes, vasomotion, endothelial dysfunction, and coagulopathy as well as biomarkers and some therapeutic strategies. Innovative experimental methods were also reviewed for quantitative microcirculatory assessment as it pertains to changes during hemorrhagic shock. The text and figures include representative quantitative microvascular data obtained in various organs and tissues such as skin, muscle, lung, liver, brain, heart, kidney, pancreas, intestines, and mesentery from various species including mice, rats, hamsters, sheep, swine, bats, and humans. Based on reviewed findings, a new integrative conceptual model is presented that includes about 100 systemic and local factors linked to microvessels in hemorrhagic shock. The combination of systemic measures with the understanding of these processes at the microvascular level is fundamental to further develop targeted and personalized interventions that will reduce tissue injury, organ dysfunction, and ultimately mortality due to hemorrhagic shock. Published 2018. Compr Physiol 8:61-101, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivo Torres Filho
- US Army Institute of Surgical Research, JBSA Fort Sam Houston, Texas, USA
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Burmeister DM, Gómez BI, Dubick MA. Molecular mechanisms of trauma-induced acute kidney injury: Inflammatory and metabolic insights from animal models. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2017; 1863:2661-2671. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2017.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Revised: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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IκK-16 decreases miRNA-155 expression and attenuates the human monocyte inflammatory response. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0183987. [PMID: 28910312 PMCID: PMC5598939 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0183987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Accepted: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Excessive inflammatory responses in the surgical patient may result in cellular hypo-responsiveness, which is associated with an increased risk of secondary infection and death. microRNAs (miRNAs), such as miR-155, are powerful regulators of inflammatory signalling pathways including nuclear factor κB (NFκB). Our objective was to determine the effect of IκK-16, a selective blocker of inhibitor of kappa-B kinase (IκK), on miRNA expression and the monocyte inflammatory response. In a model of endotoxin tolerance using primary human monocytes, impaired monocytes had decreased p65 expression with suppressed TNF-α and IL-10 production (P < 0.05). miR-155 and miR-138 levels were significantly upregulated at 17 h in the impaired monocyte (P < 0.05). Notably, IκK-16 decreased miR-155 expression with a corresponding dose-dependent decrease in TNF-α and IL-10 production (P < 0.05), and impaired monocyte function was associated with increased miR-155 and miR-138 expression. In the context of IκK-16 inhibition, miR-155 mimics increased TNF-α production, while miR-155 antagomirs decreased both TNF-α and IL-10 production. These data demonstrate that IκK-16 treatment attenuates the monocyte inflammatory response, which may occur through a miR-155-mediated mechanism, and that IκK-16 is a promising approach to limit the magnitude of an excessive innate inflammatory response to LPS.
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Lu Q, Lu Y, Zhang Y, Li Z, Xie X. Establishment and evaluation of rat trauma hemorrhagic liver injury model. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2017; 10:7340-7349. [PMID: 31966574 PMCID: PMC6965275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Accepted: 12/17/2016] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Trauma hemorrhagic shock is a common and critical disease, which induces multiple organ failure, especially of the liver, when combined with fracture. However, no effective trauma hemorrhagic liver injury model that mimics the real-life condition has been developed so far. This study aims to develop an effective trauma hemorrhagic liver injury model based on a fracture and hemorrhage approach. The levels of the following proteins were determined by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in our fracture and hemorrhage-based model system: serum alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α, chemokines such as C-C motif ligand 2, C-C motif ligand 5, C-C motif ligand 13, and C-X-C motif ligand 2. Pathological changes in the liver and the numbers of CD45+ cells and polymorphic nuclear neutrophils (PMNs) in the liver parenchyma were analyzed by hematoxylin-eosin staining, periodic acid-Schiff staining, and flow cytometry, respectively. As expected, the serum levels of ALT and AST increased significantly with trauma time and peaked at 16 hrs post-trauma. Similarly, the levels of the inflammatory cytokines also increased significantly with trauma time, and peaked after 8 hrs or 16 hrs of trauma. Analysis of hepatic morphology at the time-point when the trauma was inflicted and at later time-points post-trauma, revealed invasion of inflammatory cells, formation of hyperchromatic nuclei, and presence of loose and irregular acinus and vacuolus; the phenotype was most severe at 16 hrs post-trauma. The number of CD45+ cells and PMNs increased significantly with trauma time and peaked after 16 hrs of trauma. These observations indicated that the trauma hemorrhagic liver injury model was successfully established and that it could provide an effective system to study the mechanisms of trauma hemorrhagic liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingming Lu
- Department of Comprehensive Surgery of Nanlou, Chinese PLA General Hospital Beijing 100853, China
| | - Yan Lu
- Department of Comprehensive Surgery of Nanlou, Chinese PLA General Hospital Beijing 100853, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Comprehensive Surgery of Nanlou, Chinese PLA General Hospital Beijing 100853, China
| | - Zhaohui Li
- Department of Comprehensive Surgery of Nanlou, Chinese PLA General Hospital Beijing 100853, China
| | - Xiaohua Xie
- Department of Comprehensive Surgery of Nanlou, Chinese PLA General Hospital Beijing 100853, China
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Sordi R, Nandra KK, Chiazza F, Johnson FL, Cabrera CP, Torrance HD, Yamada N, Patel NSA, Barnes MR, Brohi K, Collino M, Thiemermann C. Artesunate Protects Against the Organ Injury and Dysfunction Induced by Severe Hemorrhage and Resuscitation. Ann Surg 2017; 265:408-417. [PMID: 28059970 DOI: 10.1097/sla.0000000000001664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effects of artesunate on organ injury and dysfunction associated with hemorrhagic shock (HS) in the rat. BACKGROUND HS is still a common cause of death in severely injured patients and is characterized by impairment of organ perfusion, systemic inflammatory response, and multiple organ failure. There is no specific therapy that reduces organ injury/dysfunction. Artesunate exhibits pharmacological actions beyond its antimalarial activity, such as anticancer, antiviral, and anti-inflammatory effects. METHODS Rats were submitted to HS. Mean arterial pressure was reduced to 30 mm Hg for 90 minutes, followed by resuscitation. Rats were randomly treated with artesunate (2.4 or 4.8 mg/kg i.v.) or vehicle upon resuscitation. Four hours later, parameters of organ injury and dysfunction were assessed. RESULTS Artesunate attenuated the multiple organ injury and dysfunction caused by HS. Pathway analysis of RNA sequencing provided good evidence to support an effect of artesunate on the Akt-survival pathway, leading to downregulation of interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase 1. Using Western blot analysis, we confirmed that treatment of HS rats with artesunate enhanced the phosphorylation (activation) of Protein kinase B (Akt) and endothelial nitric oxide synthase and the phosphorylation (inhibition) of glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β). Moreover, artesunate attenuated the HS-induced activation of nuclear factor kappa B and reduced the expression of proinflammatory proteins (inducible nitric oxide synthase, tumor necrosis factor-α, and interleukin 6). CONCLUSIONS Artesunate attenuated the organ injury/dysfunction associated with HS by a mechanism that involves the activation of the Akt-endothelial nitric oxide synthase survival pathway, and the inhibition of glycogen synthase kinase-3β and nuclear factor kappa B. A phase II clinical trial evaluating the effects of good manufacturing practice-artesunate in patients with trauma and severe hemorrhage is planned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regina Sordi
- *Centre for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Queen Mary University of London, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine & Dentistry, London, UK †Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy ‡Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Queen Mary University of London, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine & Dentistry, London, UK §Centre for Trauma Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine & Dentistry, London, UK
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Qian C, Ren Y, Xia Y. Sodium tanshinone IIA sulfonate attenuates hemorrhagic shock-induced organ damages by nuclear factor-kappa B pathway. J Surg Res 2016; 209:145-152. [PMID: 28032551 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2016.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Revised: 09/11/2016] [Accepted: 10/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Trauma resulted hemorrhagic shock (HS) leads to increased oxidative stress and inflammatory responses, which contributes greatly to organ failure or dysfunction. Tanshinone IIA sulfonate (TSA), as an antioxidant, may potentially be used in fluid resuscitation to prevent HS-induced organ damages. METHODS In this study, a rat HS model was constructed. HS rats received TSA or vehicle drug during resuscitation. Mean arterial pressure and factors associated with organ failure or dysfunction, oxidative stress, and inflammatory response were investigated to evaluate treatment responses. Expression of proteins in NF-кB pathway was evaluated to elucidate the mechanism of TSA in preventing HS-induced organ damage. RESULTS Although HS induced organ damage and upregulated oxidative stress and inflammatory response, TSA treatment ameliorated organ dysfunction, reduced oxidative stress, and suppressed inflammatory responses. We also showed that TSA treatment attenuated HS-induced activation in NF-кB pathway. CONCLUSIONS TSA can potentially serve as an antioxidant for ameliorating HS-induced organ failure or function. Its mechanism of action may be through inhibiting NF-кB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Qian
- HuZhou Maternity and Child Care Hospital, HuZhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yun Ren
- HuZhou Maternity and Child Care Hospital, HuZhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yongsheng Xia
- HuZhou Maternity and Child Care Hospital, HuZhou, Zhejiang, China.
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Neuronal Nitric Oxide Synthase is Involved in Vascular Hyporeactivity and Multiple Organ Dysfunction Associated with Hemorrhagic Shock. Shock 2016; 45:525-33. [DOI: 10.1097/shk.0000000000000533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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