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Ying Y, Liu C, He R, Wang R, Qu L. Detection and Identification of Novel Intracellular Bacteria Hosted in Strains CBS 648.67 and CFCC 80795 of Biocontrol Fungi Metarhizium. Microbes Environ 2022; 37. [PMID: 35613876 PMCID: PMC9530730 DOI: 10.1264/jsme2.me21059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
"Endosymbiosis" is a cohesive form of a symbiotic association. Endobacteria exist in many fungi and play important roles in fungal host biology. Metarhizium spp. are important entomopathogenic fungi for insect pest control. In the present study, we performed comprehensive ana-lyses of strains of Metarhizium bibionidarum and M. anisopliae using PCR, phylogenetics, and fluorescent electron microscopy to identify endobacteria within hyphae and conidia. The results of the phylogenetic ana-lysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that these endobacteria were the most closely related to Pelomonas puraquae and affiliated with Betaproteobacteria. Ultrastructural observations indicated that endobacteria were coccoid and less than 500 nm in diameter. The basic characteristics of endobacteria in M. bibionidarum and M. anisopliae were elucidated, and biological questions were raised regarding their biological functions in the Metarhizium hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Ying
- Key Laboratory of Forest Protection of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Ecology and Nature Conservation Institute, Chinese Academy of Forestry
| | - Chenglin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Forest Protection of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Ecology and Nature Conservation Institute, Chinese Academy of Forestry
| | - Ran He
- Beijing Floriculture Engineering Technology Research Centre, Beijing Botanical Garden
| | - Ruizhen Wang
- Beijing Floriculture Engineering Technology Research Centre, Beijing Botanical Garden
| | - Liangjian Qu
- Key Laboratory of Forest Protection of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Ecology and Nature Conservation Institute, Chinese Academy of Forestry
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Wu Q, Ye J, Chao Y, Dong S, Niu M, Wang Y, Liu Z, Chen W, Ge N, Lu S, Wang PG, Chen M. Chemoenzymatic Labeling Pathogens Containing Terminal N-Acetylneuraminic Acid-α(2-3)-Galactose Glycans. ACS Infect Dis 2022; 8:657-664. [PMID: 35179863 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.2c00011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The N-acetylneuraminic acid-α(2-3)-galactose epitope is often located at the nonreducing terminal ends of glycans on the envelopes of many pathogens, and it is believed that this structure mimics a host's oligosaccharide so as to circumvent and/or counteract the host's immune responses. A chemoenzymatic method for the rapid and sensitive detection of N-acetylneuraminic acid-α(2-3)-galactose has been built, so we planned to examine whether the chemoenzymatic method could be applied on the detection of N-acetylneuraminic acid-α(2-3)-galactose on pathogens. Our results revealed that the chemoenzymatic method was rapid and sensitive for labeling live or dead Gram-positive Streptococcus agalactiae A909 and Gram-negative Campylobacter jejuni MK104 with N-acetylneuraminic acid-α(2-3)-galactose. This study suggested that the chemoenzymatic method was a new strategy for labeling pathogens and had potential for the diagnosis of or therapeutics for pathogenic infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qizheng Wu
- The State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology and National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
- Medical Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, Jining 272000, China
| | - Jinfeng Ye
- The State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology and National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Yicong Chao
- Medical Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, Jining 272000, China
| | - Shuchen Dong
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Qingdao 266000, China
| | - Min Niu
- Medical Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, Jining 272000, China
| | - Yaqian Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology and National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Zhaoxi Liu
- The State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology and National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Wang Chen
- Department of Neurology, Linyi People’s Hospital, Linyi 276000, China
| | - Ningning Ge
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, Jining 272000, China
| | - Shuhua Lu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, Jining 272000, China
| | - Peng George Wang
- School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Min Chen
- The State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology and National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
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Arvizu IS, Murray SR. A simple, quantitative assay for the detection of viable but non-culturable (VBNC) bacteria. STAR Protoc 2021; 2:100738. [PMID: 34430913 PMCID: PMC8365524 DOI: 10.1016/j.xpro.2021.100738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
This protocol determines the fraction of a bacterial population that is viable and culturable, viable and non-culturable, or non-viable (dead). Each population is detected by isolating colonies on agar plates, performing direct counts, and staining for live or dead cells. Its application is limited to bacteria that are stainable and when permissible growth conditions are known. The quantitative data extracted allow for the detection of a viable but non-culturable (alive and non-dividing) population from a liquid culture. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Stott et al. (2015). Liquid cultures are spread onto agar plates to quantify CFU/mL Direct counting is performed to determine the total number of bacteria per mL Fluorescence microscopy is used to distinguish between live and dead bacteria In sum, the protocol can reveal VBNC populations in a culture
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio Servando Arvizu
- Department of Biology, California State University, Northridge, 18111 Nordhoff Street, Northridge, CA 91330, USA
| | - Sean Richard Murray
- Department of Biology, California State University, Northridge, 18111 Nordhoff Street, Northridge, CA 91330, USA
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Bánfi R, Pohner Z, Szabó A, Herczeg G, Kovács GM, Nagy A, Márialigeti K, Vajna B. Succession and potential role of bacterial communities during Pleurotus ostreatus production. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2021; 97:fiab125. [PMID: 34498665 PMCID: PMC8445668 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiab125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
There is an increasing interest in studying bacterial-fungal interactions (BFIs), also the interactions of Pleurotus ostreatus, a model white-rot fungus and important cultivated mushroom. In Europe, P. ostreatus is produced on a wheat straw-based substrate with a characteristic bacterial community, where P. ostreatus is exposed to the microbiome during substrate colonisation. This study investigated how the bacterial community structure was affected by the introduction of P. ostreatus into the mature substrate. Based on the results obtained, the effect of the presence and absence of this microbiome on P. ostreatus production in an experimental cultivation setup was determined. 16S rRNA gene-based terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) and amplicon sequencing revealed a definite succession of the microbiome during substrate colonisation and fruiting body production: a sharp decrease in relative abundance of Thermus spp. and Actinobacteria, and the increasing dominance of Bacillales and Halomonas spp. The introduced experimental cultivation setup proved the protective role of the microbial community against competing fungi without affecting P. ostreatus growth. We could also demonstrate that this effect could be attributed to both living microbes and their secreted metabolites. These findings highlight the importance of bacterial-fungal interactions during mushroom production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renáta Bánfi
- Department of Microbiology, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/C, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zsuzsanna Pohner
- Department of Microbiology, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/C, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
- Institute for Soil Sciences and Agricultural Chemistry, Centre for Agricultural Research, Herman Ottó út 15, H-1022 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Attila Szabó
- Department of Microbiology, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/C, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gábor Herczeg
- Department of Systematic Zoology and Ecology, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/C, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gábor M Kovács
- Department of Plant Anatomy, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/C, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Adrienn Nagy
- Pilze-Nagy Ltd., Talfája 50., H-6000 Kecskemét, Hungary
| | - Károly Márialigeti
- Department of Microbiology, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/C, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Balázs Vajna
- Department of Microbiology, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/C, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
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Matsuzaki S, Azuma K, Lin X, Kuragano M, Uwai K, Yamanaka S, Tokuraku K. Farm use of calcium hydroxide as an effective barrier against pathogens. Sci Rep 2021; 11:7941. [PMID: 33846406 PMCID: PMC8041792 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-86796-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Livestock farming is affected by the occurrence of infectious diseases, but outbreaks can be prevented by proper sanitary control measures. Calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2), commonly called slaked lime, powder is traditionally used as a disinfectant to prevent infectious diseases in livestock. Since Ca(OH)2 can inactivate a wide variety of pathogens, has a small environmental impact, does not require a disinfection tank (i.e., can be spread directly on the ground) and is produced inexpensively worldwide, it is used for the prevention of epidemics on farms worldwide. Water is essential for the strong alkalinity that underlies its disinfecting effect, but it is unknown how much water is required under field conditions. In addition, Ca(OH)2 reacts with carbon dioxide in the environment, reducing its pH, but it is unclear how long its degradation takes under actual field use. Thus, we measured the water adsorption ability of Ca(OH)2-based disinfectants and its relation to disinfectant activity, as assessed by colony counts and live/dead staining and observation. We found that 15–20% (w/w) water in Ca(OH)2 was necessary for disinfection to occur in practice. Moreover, we found that the pH of Ca(OH)2 decreased within about two weeks to one month under actual use in practical conditions and lost its ability to disinfect. We further showed that granules prepared from Ca(OH)2 and zeolite maintained high alkalinity more than twice as long as calcium powder. These findings will help to establish a suitable method of applying Ca(OH)2 to protect farms from infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinji Matsuzaki
- Department of Applied Science, Muroran Institute of Technology, Muroran, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Kento Azuma
- Department of Applied Science, Muroran Institute of Technology, Muroran, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Xuguang Lin
- Department of Applied Science, Muroran Institute of Technology, Muroran, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Masahiro Kuragano
- Department of Applied Science, Muroran Institute of Technology, Muroran, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Koji Uwai
- Department of Applied Science, Muroran Institute of Technology, Muroran, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Shinya Yamanaka
- Department of Applied Science, Muroran Institute of Technology, Muroran, Hokkaido, Japan.
| | - Kiyotaka Tokuraku
- Department of Applied Science, Muroran Institute of Technology, Muroran, Hokkaido, Japan.
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