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Zhang W, Tao K, Sun H, Che W. Influence of urban runoff pollutant first flush strength on bioretention pollutant removal performance. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2022; 86:1478-1495. [PMID: 36178818 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2022.275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Bioretention is commonly used for runoff pollution control. The first flush strength of pollutants can affect bioretention performance. To examine the influence of the first flush strength on bioretention performance, bioretention columns filled with garden soil as the main media were established. Activated carbon and water treatment residuals (WTR) were added and compared for their ability to enhance phosphorus removal. Waste edible fungus culture medium (WEFCM) as a carbon source was also explored. When WEFCM was used as a carbon source instead of wood chips, total nitrogen (TN) removal increased from 60.83 ± 21.22 to 62.21 ± 16.43%, but chemical oxygen demand (COD) leaching was observed. WTR was better able than activated carbon to enhance phosphorus removal (87.97 ± 8.87 vs. 81.66 ± 9.27%) without impacting TN removal. NH4+-N removal increased with increasing first flush strength, but there was no trend for suspended solids (SS), COD, TN, or total phosphorus. First leaching phenomenon in bioretention outflow was proposed in this study. A low first leaching was observed in the outflow when the inflow had a uniform pollutant mass (i.e., no first flush) because of media leaching. A weak first leaching outflow was observed for SS and COD when they were present at strong first flush inflow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Urban Stormwater System and Water Environment, Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing 100044, China E-mail: ; Beijing Engineering Research Center of Sustainable Urban Sewage System Construction and Risk Control, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing 100044, China; Beijing Energy Conservation & Sustainable Urban and Rural Development Provincial and Ministry Co-construction Collaboration Innovation Center, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Kexin Tao
- Key Laboratory of Urban Stormwater System and Water Environment, Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing 100044, China E-mail:
| | - Huichao Sun
- Key Laboratory of Urban Stormwater System and Water Environment, Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing 100044, China E-mail:
| | - Wu Che
- Key Laboratory of Urban Stormwater System and Water Environment, Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing 100044, China E-mail: ; Beijing Engineering Research Center of Sustainable Urban Sewage System Construction and Risk Control, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing 100044, China
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Skorobogatov A, He J, Chu A, Valeo C, van Duin B. The impact of media, plants and their interactions on bioretention performance: A review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 715:136918. [PMID: 32007889 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.136918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Bioretention systems have gained considerable popularity as a more natural approach to stormwater management in urban environments. The choice of bioretention media is frequently cited as one of the critical design parameters with the ultimate impact on the performance of the system. The goal of this review is to highlight data that challenge the importance of media as being the dominant design parameter and argue that the long-term performance is shaped by the interactions between media and the living components of a bioretention system, especially vegetation. Some of the key interactions are related to the impact of plant roots on media pore structure, which has implications on infiltration, storage capacity, and treatment. Another relevant interaction pertains to evapotranspiration and the associated impacts on the water balance and the water quality performance of bioretention systems. The impacts of vegetation on the media are highlighted and actual, as well as potential, impacts of plant-media interactions on bioretention performance are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton Skorobogatov
- Civil Engineering, Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Jianxun He
- Civil Engineering, Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada.
| | - Angus Chu
- Civil Engineering, Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Caterina Valeo
- Mechanical Engineering, University of Victoria, 3800 Finnerty Road, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Bert van Duin
- The City of Calgary, 625 - 25 Ave S.E., Calgary, AB T2G 4K8, Canada
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Jay JG, Tyler-Plog M, Brown SL, Grothkopp F. Nutrient, Metal, and Organics Removal from Stormwater Using a Range of Bioretention Soil Mixtures. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY 2019; 48:493-501. [PMID: 30951121 DOI: 10.2134/jeq2018.07.0283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A column study was conducted to test the ability of bioretention soil mixtures (BSMs) to remove nutrients, metals, and polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from stormwater collected from an urban highway. Infiltration rate, plant growth response, and turbidity of the effluent were also measured. The BSMs were made from a range of types and rates of composts and additional materials such as water treatment residuals, sawdust, and oyster shells. Sand was used as a control. Total N and P in stormwater measured 1.8 ± 1 and 0.08 ± 0.03 mg L. All treatments were a source of these nutrients. Metal concentrations in the stormwater were low, with mean Cu and Zn concentrations of 39.8 ± 19.1 and 173 ± 113 μg L, and Cd and Pb close to detection limits. All treatments absorbed Cu and Zn from stormwater with varying levels of removal efficiency. The three treatments tested removed 84 to 100% of the PAHs from the stormwater. In general, contaminant removal (N, P, and Zn) efficiency was not related to infiltration rate, with a slight decrease in Cu removal efficiency observed with increased infiltration rate ( = 0.32). These results indicate that the BSMs tested were a source of nutrients but were generally effective at removing metals and PAHs from stormwater.
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Mei Y, Gao L, Zhou H, Wei KH, Cui NQ, Chang CC. Ranking media for multi-pollutant removal efficiency in bioretention. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2018; 77:2023-2035. [PMID: 29722688 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2018.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Bioretention is an effective best management practice for urban stormwater. This study aims to provide guidance for selecting the best bioretention medium in terms of pollutant removal capacity. Fuzzy set theory was applied with the improved analytic hierarchy process (IAHP) for weight determination, thus forming the fuzzy synthetic evaluation model, to assess the comprehensive efficiencies of certain sand media. This work is the first to use this method to study bioretention. Results demonstrated that the fuzzy synthetic evaluation model was a rational choice for the selection of bioretention media. The studied media were ranked by pollutant removal capacity as follows: Media III > Media V > Media I > Media VI > Media II > Media VII > Media IV. Media I had the best comprehensive removal efficiency and infiltration rate in bioretention. Moreover, the removal rates for Cd2+, Zn2+ and Pb2+ were excellent (>80%), those for Cu2+ and NH+4-N fluctuated from 58.1% to 92.7% and 64.7% to 95.9%, respectively, and those for NO-3-N and TP of the seven media did not show distinct differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Mei
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Hohhot 010051, China E-mail:
| | - Long Gao
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Hohhot 010051, China E-mail:
| | - Hang Zhou
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Hohhot 010051, China E-mail:
| | - Kun-Hao Wei
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Hohhot 010051, China E-mail:
| | - Na-Qi Cui
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Hohhot 010051, China E-mail:
| | - Chein-Chi Chang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Hohhot 010051, China E-mail: ; DC Water & Sewer Authority, Washington, DC, USA
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Jay JG, Brown SL, Kurtz K, Grothkopp F. Predictors of Phosphorus Leaching from Bioretention Soil Media. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY 2017; 46:1098-1105. [PMID: 28991987 DOI: 10.2134/jeq2017.06.0232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The phosphorus saturation index (PSI) and P saturation ratio (PSR) were tested across a wide range of bioretention soil mixtures (BSMs) for their relationship to total and dissolved P in column leachate. The BSMs tested were made using different feedstocks including sand alone, food and yard waste compost, biosolids and yard compost, and high Fe biosolids. The PSI of the mixtures ranged from 0.23 ± 0.03 (biosolids and yard waste compost 15%, oyster shells 5%) to 1.26 ± 0.02 (biosolids and yard waste compost 80%). The PSR of the mixtures ranged from 0.05 ± 0 (100% sand) to 3.12 ± 0.12 (biosolids and yard waste compost 80%). A total of 12 storm events were staged using both synthetic rainwater (total P = 1.71 ± 0.3 mg L) and actual stormwater (total P = 0.08 ± 0.03 mg L). Excluding the sand-only mixture, all treatments were a source of P for the duration of the study. However both total and dissolved P concentrations decreased over time. Effluent concentrations of total P in the first event ranged from 0.59 to 75.55 mg L but decreased by the final event to between 0.15 and 10.73 mg L. The PSR was found to be a good predictor of P leaching from all BSMs with an of 0.73 for total mass of P leached across all leaching events. The PSI was a poor predictor ( < 0.3). The PSR also predicted total P in leachate for individual events more effectively than the PSI. Total P in the BSMs had no relationship to P in the leachate.
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Kumar K, Hundal LS. Soil in the City: Sustainably Improving Urban Soils. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY 2016; 45:2-8. [PMID: 26828154 DOI: 10.2134/jeq2015.11.0589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Large tracts of abandoned urban land, resulting from the deindustrialization of metropolitan areas, are generating a renewed interest among city planners and community organizations envisioning the productive use of this land not only to produce fresh food but to effectively manage stormwater and mitigate the impact of urban heat islands. Healthy and productive soils are paramount to meet these objectives. However, these urban lands are often severely degraded due to anthropogenic activities and are generally contaminated with priority pollutants, especially heavy metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Characterizing these degraded and contaminated soils and making them productive again to restore the required ecosystem services was the theme of the "Soil in the City- 2014" conference organized by W-2170 Committee (USDA's Sponsored Multi-State Research Project: Soil-Based Use of Residuals, Wastewater, & Reclaimed Water). This special section of comprises 12 targeted papers authored by conference participants to make available much needed information about the characteristics of urban soils. Innovative ways to mitigate the risks from pollutants and to improve the soil quality using local resources are discussed. Such practices include the use of composts and biosolids to grow healthy foods, reclaim brownfields, manage stormwater, and improve the overall ecosystem functioning of urban soils. These papers provide a needed resource for educating policymakers, practitioners, and the general public about using locally available resources to restore fertility, productivity, and ecosystem functioning of degraded urban land to revitalize metropolitan areas for improving the overall quality of life for a large segment of a rapidly growing urban population.
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