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Vipat S, Brennan G, Park C, Haller SL, Rothenburg S. Rapid, Seamless Generation of Recombinant Poxviruses using Host Range and Visual Selection. J Vis Exp 2020. [PMID: 32510495 DOI: 10.3791/61049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Vaccinia virus (VACV) was instrumental in eradicating variola virus (VARV), the causative agent of smallpox, from nature. Since its first use as a vaccine, VACV has been developed as a vector for therapeutic vaccines and as an oncolytic virus. These applications take advantage of VACV's easily manipulated genome and broad host range as an outstanding platform to generate recombinant viruses with a variety of therapeutic applications. Several methods have been developed to generate recombinant VACV, including marker selection methods and transient dominant selection. Here, we present a refinement of a host range selection method coupled with visual identification of recombinant viruses. Our method takes advantage of selective pressure generated by the host antiviral protein kinase R (PKR) coupled with a fluorescent fusion gene expressing mCherry-tagged E3L, one of two VACV PKR antagonists. The cassette, including the gene of interest and the mCherry-E3L fusion is flanked by sequences derived from the VACV genome. Between the gene of interest and mCherry-E3L is a smaller region that is identical to the first ~150 nucleotides of the 3' arm, to promote homologous recombination and loss of the mCherry-E3L gene after selection. We demonstrate that this method permits efficient, seamless generation of rVACV in a variety of cell types without requiring drug selection or extensive screening for mutant viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sameera Vipat
- Department of Medial Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of California Davis
| | - Greg Brennan
- Department of Medial Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of California Davis
| | - Chorong Park
- Department of Medial Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of California Davis
| | - Sherry L Haller
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston
| | - Stefan Rothenburg
- Department of Medial Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of California Davis;
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Prow NA, Liu L, Nakayama E, Cooper TH, Yan K, Eldi P, Hazlewood JE, Tang B, Le TT, Setoh YX, Khromykh AA, Hobson-Peters J, Diener KR, Howley PM, Hayball JD, Suhrbier A. A vaccinia-based single vector construct multi-pathogen vaccine protects against both Zika and chikungunya viruses. Nat Commun 2018; 9:1230. [PMID: 29581442 PMCID: PMC5964325 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-03662-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 03/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Zika and chikungunya viruses have caused major epidemics and are transmitted by Aedes aegypti and/or Aedes albopictus mosquitoes. The “Sementis Copenhagen Vector” (SCV) system is a recently developed vaccinia-based, multiplication-defective, vaccine vector technology that allows manufacture in modified CHO cells. Herein we describe a single-vector construct SCV vaccine that encodes the structural polyprotein cassettes of both Zika and chikungunya viruses from different loci. A single vaccination of mice induces neutralizing antibodies to both viruses in wild-type and IFNAR−/− mice and protects against (i) chikungunya virus viremia and arthritis in wild-type mice, (ii) Zika virus viremia and fetal/placental infection in female IFNAR−/− mice, and (iii) Zika virus viremia and testes infection and pathology in male IFNAR−/− mice. To our knowledge this represents the first single-vector construct, multi-pathogen vaccine encoding large polyproteins, and offers both simplified manufacturing and formulation, and reduced “shot burden” for these often co-circulating arboviruses. Zika and chikungunya virus are co-circulating in many regions and currently there is no approved vaccine for either virus. Here, the authors engineer one vaccinia virus based vaccine for both, Zika and chikungunya, and show protection from infection and pathogenesis in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie A Prow
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, 4029, Australia.,Australian Infectious Disease Research Centre, Brisbane, QLD, 4029 and 4072, Australia
| | - Liang Liu
- Experimental Therapeutics Laboratory, Sansom Institute for Health Research, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - Eri Nakayama
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, 4029, Australia.,Department of Virology I, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, 162-8640, Japan
| | - Tamara H Cooper
- Experimental Therapeutics Laboratory, Sansom Institute for Health Research, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - Kexin Yan
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, 4029, Australia
| | - Preethi Eldi
- Experimental Therapeutics Laboratory, Sansom Institute for Health Research, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | | | - Bing Tang
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, 4029, Australia
| | - Thuy T Le
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, 4029, Australia
| | - Yin Xiang Setoh
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Alexander A Khromykh
- Australian Infectious Disease Research Centre, Brisbane, QLD, 4029 and 4072, Australia.,School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Jody Hobson-Peters
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Kerrilyn R Diener
- Experimental Therapeutics Laboratory, Sansom Institute for Health Research, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia.,Robinson Research Institute and Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
| | | | - John D Hayball
- Experimental Therapeutics Laboratory, Sansom Institute for Health Research, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia. .,Robinson Research Institute and Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia.
| | - Andreas Suhrbier
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, 4029, Australia. .,Australian Infectious Disease Research Centre, Brisbane, QLD, 4029 and 4072, Australia.
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Okoli A, Okeke MI, Tryland M, Moens U. CRISPR/Cas9-Advancing Orthopoxvirus Genome Editing for Vaccine and Vector Development. Viruses 2018; 10:E50. [PMID: 29361752 PMCID: PMC5795463 DOI: 10.3390/v10010050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Revised: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)/associated protein 9 (Cas9) technology is revolutionizing genome editing approaches. Its high efficiency, specificity, versatility, flexibility, simplicity and low cost have made the CRISPR/Cas9 system preferable to other guided site-specific nuclease-based systems such as TALENs (Transcription Activator-like Effector Nucleases) and ZFNs (Zinc Finger Nucleases) in genome editing of viruses. CRISPR/Cas9 is presently being applied in constructing viral mutants, preventing virus infections, eradicating proviral DNA, and inhibiting viral replication in infected cells. The successful adaptation of CRISPR/Cas9 to editing the genome of Vaccinia virus paves the way for its application in editing other vaccine/vector-relevant orthopoxvirus (OPXV) strains. Thus, CRISPR/Cas9 can be used to resolve some of the major hindrances to the development of OPXV-based recombinant vaccines and vectors, including sub-optimal immunogenicity; transgene and genome instability; reversion of attenuation; potential of spread of transgenes to wildtype strains and close contacts, which are important biosafety and risk assessment considerations. In this article, we review the published literature on the application of CRISPR/Cas9 in virus genome editing and discuss the potentials of CRISPR/Cas9 in advancing OPXV-based recombinant vaccines and vectors. We also discuss the application of CRISPR/Cas9 in combating viruses of clinical relevance, the limitations of CRISPR/Cas9 and the current strategies to overcome them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arinze Okoli
- Biosafety of Genome Editing Research Group, GenØk-Centre for Biosafety, Siva Innovation Centre, N-9294 Tromsø, Norway.
| | - Malachy I Okeke
- Biosafety of Genome Editing Research Group, GenØk-Centre for Biosafety, Siva Innovation Centre, N-9294 Tromsø, Norway.
| | - Morten Tryland
- Biosafety of Genome Editing Research Group, GenØk-Centre for Biosafety, Siva Innovation Centre, N-9294 Tromsø, Norway.
- Artic Infection Biology, Department of Artic and Marine Biology, The Artic University of Norway, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway.
| | - Ugo Moens
- Molecular Inflammation Research Group, Institute of Medical Biology, The Arctic University of Norway, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway.
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Guo ZS, Liu Z, Sathaiah M, Wang J, Ravindranathan R, Kim E, Huang S, Kenniston TW, Bell JC, Zeh HJ, Butterfield LH, Gambotto A, Bartlett DL. Rapid Generation of Multiple Loci-Engineered Marker-free Poxvirus and Characterization of a Clinical-Grade Oncolytic Vaccinia Virus. MOLECULAR THERAPY-METHODS & CLINICAL DEVELOPMENT 2017; 7:112-122. [PMID: 29085848 PMCID: PMC5651493 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2017.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Recombinant poxviruses, utilized as vaccine vectors and oncolytic viruses, often require manipulation at multiple genetic loci in the viral genome. It is essential for viral vectors to possess no adventitious mutations and no (antibiotic) selection marker in the final product for human patients in order to comply with the guidance from the regulatory agencies. Rintoul et al. have previously developed a selectable and excisable marker (SEM) system for the rapid generation of recombinant vaccinia virus. In the current study, we describe an improved methodology for rapid creation and selection of recombinant poxviruses with multiple genetic manipulations solely based on expression of a fluorescent protein and with no requirement for drug selection that can lead to cellular stress and the risk of adventitious mutations throughout the viral genome. Using this improved procedure combined with the SEM system, we have constructed multiple marker-free oncolytic poxviruses expressing different cytokines and other therapeutic genes. The high fidelity of inserted DNA sequences validates the utility of this improved procedure for generation of therapeutic viruses for human patients. We have created an oncolytic poxvirus expressing human chemokine CCL5, designated as vvDD-A34R-hCCL5, with manipulations at two genetic loci in a single virus. Finally, we have produced and purified this virus in clinical grade for its use in a phase I clinical trial and presented data on initial in vitro characterization of the virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zong Sheng Guo
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center and Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Corresponding author: Zong Sheng Guo, PhD, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center and Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| | - Zuqiang Liu
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center and Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Magesh Sathaiah
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center and Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jiahu Wang
- Centre for Innovative Cancer Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada
| | - Roshni Ravindranathan
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center and Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Eun Kim
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center and Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Shaohua Huang
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center and Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Thomas W. Kenniston
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center and Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - John C. Bell
- Centre for Innovative Cancer Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada
| | - Herbert J. Zeh
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center and Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Lisa H. Butterfield
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center and Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Departments of Medicine and Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Andrea Gambotto
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center and Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - David L. Bartlett
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center and Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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