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El-Fakharany EM, El-Gendi H, Saleh AK, El-Sayed MH, Alalawy AI, Jame R, Abdelaziz MA, Alshareef SA, El-Maradny YA. The use of proteins and peptides-based therapy in managing and preventing pathogenic viruses. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 270:132254. [PMID: 38729501 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
Therapeutic proteins have been employed for centuries and reached approximately 50 % of all drugs investigated. By 2023, they represented one of the top 10 largest-selling pharma products ($387.03 billion) and are anticipated to reach around $653.35 billion by 2030. Growth hormones, insulin, and interferon (IFN α, γ, and β) are among the leading applied therapeutic proteins with a higher market share. Protein-based therapies have opened new opportunities to control various diseases, including metabolic disorders, tumors, and viral outbreaks. Advanced recombinant DNA biotechnology has offered the production of therapeutic proteins and peptides for vaccination, drugs, and diagnostic tools. Prokaryotic and eukaryotic expression host systems, including bacterial, fungal, animal, mammalian, and plant cells usually applied for recombinant therapeutic proteins large-scale production. However, several limitations face therapeutic protein production and applications at the commercial level, including immunogenicity, integrity concerns, protein stability, and protein degradation under different circumstances. In this regard, protein-engineering strategies such as PEGylation, glycol-engineering, Fc-fusion, albumin conjugation, and fusion, assist in increasing targeting, product purity, production yield, functionality, and the half-life of therapeutic protein circulation. Therefore, a comprehensive insight into therapeutic protein research and findings pave the way for their successful implementation, which will be discussed in the current review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esmail M El-Fakharany
- Protein Research Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute GEBRI, City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA city), New Borg El-Arab, Alexandria 21934, Egypt; Pharmaceutical and Fermentation Industries Development Centre (PFIDC), City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City), New Borg Al-Arab, Alexandria, Egypt.
| | - Hamada El-Gendi
- Bioprocess Development Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA city), New Borg El-Arab, Alexandria 21934, Egypt
| | - Ahmed K Saleh
- Cellulose and Paper Department, National Research Centre, El-Tahrir St., Dokki 12622, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mohamed H El-Sayed
- Department of Biology, College of Sciences and Arts-Rafha, Northern Border University, Arar, Saudi Arabia
| | - Adel I Alalawy
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rasha Jame
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mahmoud A Abdelaziz
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Yousra A El-Maradny
- Pharmaceutical and Fermentation Industries Development Centre (PFIDC), City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City), New Borg Al-Arab, Alexandria, Egypt; Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Arab Academy for Science, Technology and Maritime Transport (AASTMT), Alamein 51718, Egypt
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Fu L, Ma C, Yu Y. Application of anti-D immunoglobulin in D-negative pregnant women in China. Transfus Clin Biol 2024; 31:41-47. [PMID: 38007217 DOI: 10.1016/j.tracli.2023.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Revised: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/27/2023]
Abstract
This article summarizes the current situation of anti-D immunoglobulin (anti-D-Ig) use in RhD-negative pregnant women at home and abroad. The article describes the concept, research and development history, and domestic and foreign applications of anti-D-Ig and points out that anti-D-Ig has not been widely used in China, mainly due to reasons such as unavailability in the domestic market and non-standard current application strategies. The article focuses on analyzing the genetic and immunological characteristics of RhD-negative populations in China. The main manifestations were that the total number of hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN) relatively high and D variant type. In particular, there are more Asian-type DEL, the importance of clinical application of anti-D-Ig was pointed out, and its antibody-mediated immunosuppressive mechanism was analyzed, which mainly includes red blood cell clearance, epitope blocking/steric hindrance, and Fc γ R Ⅱ B receptor mediated B cell inhibition, anti-D-Ig glycosylation, etc.; clarify the testing strategies of RhD blood group that should be adopted in response to the negative initial screening of pregnant and postpartum women; this article elaborates on the necessity of using anti-D-Ig in RhD-negative mothers after miscarriage or miscarriage, as well as the limitations of its application both domestically and internationally. It also proposes a solution strategy for detecting RhD blood group incompatibility HDFN as early as possible, diagnosing it in a timely manner, and using anti-D-Ig for its prevention and treatment. If the DEL gene is defined as an Asian-type DEL, anti-D-Ig prophylaxis in women would be unnecessary. Finally, based on the specificity of RhD-negative individuals, the article looks forward to the application trend of anti-D-Ig in China. It also called for related drugs to be listed in China as soon as possible and included in medical insurance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihui Fu
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, First Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, 100853 Beijing, China.
| | - Chunya Ma
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, First Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, 100853 Beijing, China.
| | - Yang Yu
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, First Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, 100853 Beijing, China.
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Ipe TS, Pham HP, Williams LA. Critical updates in the 7thedition of the American Society for Apheresis guidelines. J Clin Apher 2017; 33:78-94. [DOI: 10.1002/jca.21562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Revised: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 05/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tina S. Ipe
- Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine; Houston Methodist Hospital; Houston Texas
| | - Huy P. Pham
- Department of Pathology, Division of Laboratory Medicine; University of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Lance A. Williams
- Department of Pathology, Division of Laboratory Medicine; University of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama
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