1
|
Nor Azhar A, Bergin SM, Munteanu SE, Menz HB. Footwear, Orthoses, and Insoles and Their Effects on Balance in Older Adults: A Scoping Review. Gerontology 2024; 70:801-811. [PMID: 38838650 DOI: 10.1159/000539591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Footwear, orthoses, and insoles have been shown to influence balance in older adults; however, it remains unclear which features, singular or in combination, are considered optimal. The aim of this scoping review was to identify and synthesise the current evidence regarding how footwear, orthoses, and insoles influence balance in older adults. Four electronic databases (MEDLINE, CINAHL, Embase, and AMED) were searched from inception to October 2023. Key terms such as "shoe*," "orthoses," "postural balance" and "older people" were employed in the search strategy. Studies meeting the following criteria were included: (i) participants had a minimum age ≥60 years, and were free of any neurological, musculoskeletal, and cardiovascular diseases; (ii) an active intervention consisting of footwear, foot orthoses, or insoles was evaluated; and (iii) at least one objective outcome measure of balance was reported. SUMMARY A total of 56 studies from 17 different countries were included. Three study designs were utilised (cross-sectional study, n = 44; randomised parallel group, n = 6; cohort study n = 6). The duration of studies varied considerably, with 41 studies evaluating immediate effects, 14 evaluating effects from 3 days to 12 weeks, and 1 study having a duration of 6 months. Seventeen different interventions were evaluated, including/consisting of textured insoles (n = 12), heel elevation (n = 8), non-specific standardised footwear and changes in sole thickness or hardness (n = 7 each), sole geometry or rocker soles, contoured or custom insoles and high collar height (n = 6 each), insole thickness or hardness and vibrating insoles (n = 5 each), outsole tread (n = 4), minimalist footwear and slippers (n = 3 each), balance-enhancing shoes, footwear fit, socks, and ankle-foot orthoses (n = 2 each), and eversion insoles, heel cups, and unstable footwear (n = 1 each). Twenty-three different outcomes were assessed, and postural sway was the most common (n = 20), followed by temporo-spatial gait parameters (n = 17). There was uncertainty regarding intervention effectiveness. Overall, features such as secure fixation, a textured insole, a medium-to-hard density midsole and a higher ankle collar, in isolation, were able to positively impact balance. Conversely, footwear with an elevated heel height and the use of socks and slippers impaired balance. KEY MESSAGES There is a substantial body of literature exploring the effects of footwear, orthoses, and insoles on balance in older adults. However, considerable uncertainty exists regarding the efficacy of these interventions due to variability in methodological approaches. Further high-quality research is necessary to determine whether a singular intervention or a combination of interventions is most effective for enhancing balance in older adults.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ameer Nor Azhar
- Discipline of Podiatry, School of Allied Health, Human Services and Sport, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Shan M Bergin
- Discipline of Podiatry, School of Allied Health, Human Services and Sport, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Shannon E Munteanu
- Discipline of Podiatry, School of Allied Health, Human Services and Sport, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Hylton B Menz
- Discipline of Podiatry, School of Allied Health, Human Services and Sport, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wu TT, Lo SL, Chen H, Yang JS, Peng HT. Arch-Support Insoles Benefit the Archery Performance and Stability of Compound Archers. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19148424. [PMID: 35886275 PMCID: PMC9320420 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19148424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to analyze the effects of the use of arch-support insoles on the archery performance and center of plantar pressure (CoP) excursion in compound archers. Fifteen highly skilled compound archers were the subjects. A pressure plate was used to measure the CoP excursion and percentage distribution of plantar pressure. The parameters were compared between archers wearing flat and arch-support insoles using a paired-sample t-test. The results demonstrated that the shooting score in archers wearing the arch-support insole was significantly greater than in those wearing the flat insoles. The CoP excursion of the left foot, right foot, and both feet in archers wearing the arch-support insole were significantly smaller than in those wearing the flat insole. The distributed percentage of the plantar pressure showed that the arch-support insole significantly reduced the plantar pressure in the left posterior zone by 3.54% compared with the flat insole, and increased the plantar pressure in the right anterior zone by 2.54%. The principal conclusion was that compound archers wearing arch-support insoles during the arrow-release process can reduce the CoP excursion of the foot and increase their shooting score. The plantar pressure was distributed evenly in arch-support insoles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Ting Wu
- Graduate Institute of Coaching Science, Chinese Culture University, Taipei 11114, Taiwan;
| | - Shin-Liang Lo
- Department of Physical Education, Chinese Culture University, Taipei 11114, Taiwan; (S.-L.L.); (H.C.); (J.-S.Y.)
| | - Hui Chen
- Department of Physical Education, Chinese Culture University, Taipei 11114, Taiwan; (S.-L.L.); (H.C.); (J.-S.Y.)
| | - Jeng-Sheng Yang
- Department of Physical Education, Chinese Culture University, Taipei 11114, Taiwan; (S.-L.L.); (H.C.); (J.-S.Y.)
| | - Hsien-Te Peng
- Graduate Institute of Coaching Science, Chinese Culture University, Taipei 11114, Taiwan;
- Department of Physical Education, Chinese Culture University, Taipei 11114, Taiwan; (S.-L.L.); (H.C.); (J.-S.Y.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-2-2861-0511 (ext. 45113)
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Horstink KA, van der Woude LHV, Hijmans JM. Effects of offloading devices on static and dynamic balance in patients with diabetic peripheral neuropathy: A systematic review. Rev Endocr Metab Disord 2021; 22:325-335. [PMID: 33452959 PMCID: PMC8087551 DOI: 10.1007/s11154-020-09619-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Patients with diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) usually have reduced somatosensory information and altered perception in feet and ankles. Somatosensory information acts as feedback for movement control and loss of somatosensation leads to altered plantar pressure patterns during gait and stance. Offloading devices are used to reduce peak plantar pressure and prevent diabetic foot ulcers. However, offloading devices can unfortunately have negative effects on static and dynamic balance. It is important to investigate these unwanted effects, since patient with DPN already are at high risk of falling and offloading devices could potentially increase this risk. The aim of this systematic review is to investigate the effects of plantar offloading devices used for ulcer prevention on their role in static and dynamic balance control in patients with DPN. PubMed and Embase were systematically searched using relevant search terms. After title selection, abstract selection, and full-text selection only five articles could be included for further analysis. Two articles included static balance measurements, two articles included dynamic balance measurements, and one article included both. Results suggested that static balance control is reduced when rocker bottom shoes and different insole configurations are used, however, toe-only rockers showed less evidence for reduced static balance control. There was no evidence for reduced dynamic balance control in combination with offloading devices. However, these results should be interpreted with care, since the number of studies was very small and the quality of the studies was moderate. Future research should evaluate balance in combination with different offloading devices, so that clinicians subscribing them are more aware of their potential unwanted consequences.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Koen Andre Horstink
- Center for Human Movement Science, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Lucas Henricus Vincentius van der Woude
- Center for Human Movement Science, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Center for Rehabilitation, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- School of Sport, Exercise & Health, Peter Harrison Centre for Disability Sport, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
| | - Juha Markus Hijmans
- Center for Rehabilitation, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Peng HT, Lin CH, Kuo YC, Song CY. Effects of Arch Support Insoles on Single- and Dual-Task Gait Performance Among Community-Dwelling Older Adults. Clin Interv Aging 2020; 15:1325-1332. [PMID: 32848373 PMCID: PMC7428319 DOI: 10.2147/cia.s254474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To explore the immediate and prolonged effects of arch support insoles on single- and dual-task gait performance among community-dwelling older adults. Methods Twenty women performed single- and dual-task walking for 10 m at self-selected comfortable and fast paces while performing serial subtractions (cognitive interference) or carrying a tray (motor interference). Spatiotemporal gait parameters were measured and compared with measurements without arch support immediately after the insertion of the insoles and at 1-week follow-up. Results Some effects were noted, with small-to-medium effect sizes. During comfortable-paced single-task walking, stride length and walk ratio (step length/cadence) increased after arch support use. During comfortable-paced motor dual-task walking, arch support use increased cadence, stride length, and speed and decreased dual-task costs (DTCs) on cadence and speed. During fast-paced motor dual-task walking, cadence increased and the DTC on cadence decreased after arch support use at the 1-week follow-up. During comfortable-paced cognitive dual-task walking, cadence increased and the walk ratio decreased following arch support use. At the 1-week follow-up, DTCs on cadence reduced, but those on stride length and speed increased. During fast-paced cognitive dual-task walking, the speed and stride length demonstrated immediate decreases followed by increases at the 1-week follow-up. Conclusion The study results indicate that the use of arch support improves single- and motor dual-task gait performance, which may contribute to gait and balance training in older adults.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hsien-Te Peng
- Department of Physical Education, Chinese Culture University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chueh-Ho Lin
- Master Program in Long-Term Care, College of Nursing, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Center for Nursing and Healthcare Research in Clinical Practice Application, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chi Kuo
- Department of Exercise and Health Science, National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Sciences, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Yi Song
- Department of Long-Term Care, National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Sciences, Taipei, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Jin H, Xu R, Wang S, Wang J. Use of 3D-Printed Heel Support Insoles Based on Arch Lift Improves Foot Pressure Distribution in Healthy People. Med Sci Monit 2019; 25:7175-7181. [PMID: 31549689 PMCID: PMC6777389 DOI: 10.12659/msm.918763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background 3D-printed insoles are widely used. This study was conducted to test a customized three-dimensional (3D)-printed heel support insole based on arch lift and to investigate whether the pressure distribution on the sole was improved while maintaining foot function. Material/Methods The design was based on a 3D plantar contour scanning modeling technique. Thirty healthy male participants walked along a 10-m track under 3 self-controlled interventions. A customized 3D-printed heel support insole based on arch lift was inserted into the socks for the experimental condition A. For condition B, a customized 3D-printed heel-supporting insole was inserted into the socks, and a standardized pre-made heel-supporting insole was inserted into the socks as a control (condition C). We used the Footscan® pressure plate to measure the plantar parameters in the forefoot contact and foot flange phases in each condition. Results Compared with condition B and the control condition, the peak pressure under the heel was significantly lower in condition A (P<0.05), and the peak pressure in the midfoot region was not significantly increased (P>0.05). Conclusions The biomechanical properties of the customized 3D-printed heel support are better than those of the traditional heel support insole, especially when there is a need for an additional increase in heel height. Patients do not decrease midfoot motion function while using this customized insole.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Jin
- Department of Pain Medicine, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China (mainland)
| | - Rui Xu
- Norman Bethune College of Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China (mainland)
| | - Shuxin Wang
- Norman Bethune College of Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China (mainland)
| | - Jincheng Wang
- Orthopedic Medical Center, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China (mainland)
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Ohuchi H, Chavez JS, Alvarez CAD. Changes in calcaneal pitch and heel fat pad thickness in static weight bearing radiographs while wearing shoes with arch support and heel cup orthotics. Asia Pac J Sports Med Arthrosc Rehabil Technol 2019; 17:21-24. [PMID: 31453111 PMCID: PMC6700667 DOI: 10.1016/j.asmart.2019.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Revised: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Foot orthoses have been shown to reduce the collapse of the longitudinal arch and to constrain soft tissue displacement under the heel. However, there has not been a study that has shown the effectiveness of both the arch and heel features in the same orthosis. This study quantitatively analyzed if the calcaneal pitch and the heel pad thickness will be affected by the use of an arch support and heel cup insole in a static weightbearing stance while wearing sports shoes. Methods Twenty-four (24) feet from 12 elite-level female soccer players with a mean age of 25 ± 3.99 years (20–33 years old) were studied. Lateral weightbearing radiographs with and without orthotics were obtained in order to measure the calcaneal pitch angle and heel fat pad thickness for each foot. A subjective outcome measure was used and the scores were classified as bad (0–2), fair (3–5), good (6–8), or excellent (9-10). Results The calcaneal pitch angle increased in all but three cases by an average of 1.05° (range, −1.14 to 3.19) after wearing orthotics (p < 0.01). The heel fat pad thickness increased in all cases with an average of 1.25 mm (range, 1.05 to 1.47; p < 0.01)). 9 of 12 subjects (75%) reported excellent (n = 2) or good (n = 7) overall subjective scores with insole wear. Conclusion Under static weightbearing conditions, the arch support and heel cup features of a foot orthosis help improve the height of the calcaneal pitch and the thickness of the heel fat pad, respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Ohuchi
- Department of Sports Medicine, Kameda Medical Center, Japan
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Blanchard S, Palestri J, Guer JL, Behr M. Current Soccer Footwear, Its Role in Injuries and Potential for Improvement. Sports Med Int Open 2018; 2:E52-E61. [PMID: 30539118 PMCID: PMC6259463 DOI: 10.1055/a-0608-4229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Revised: 03/24/2018] [Accepted: 03/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Soccer is the most popular sport in the world and generates great financial revenue. It is also a sport whose practice has evolved considerably in terms of intensity and commitment, and in which the intrinsic risk of injury (not directly related to an interaction with the environment) is particularly high. In this context, the cleated shoe as a major component of soccer equipment may play a key role in the overexposure to injury. Soccer shoe evolution is all the more challenging, because design and mechanical structure differ in many points compared to other modern shoes developed for sports such as running, tennis and basketball. This critical review aims to elucidate the characteristics of modern soccer footwear and their possible link to soccer-specific injuries, focusing on the following areas: (1) ergonomics, comfort and proprioception; (2) shoe mechanical characteristics; (3) field surfaces and shoe design.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sylvain Blanchard
- Laboratoire de Biomécanique Appliquée, Aix-Marseille Univ, IFSTTAR, LBA UMR_T24, Marseille, France
| | | | - Jean-Luc Guer
- Wizwedge SARL, Research Department, Marseille, France
| | - Michel Behr
- Laboratoire de Biomécanique Appliquée, Aix-Marseille Univ, IFSTTAR, LBA UMR_T24, Marseille, France
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
de Morais Barbosa C, Bértolo MB, Gaino JZ, Davitt M, Sachetto Z, de Paiva Magalhães E. The effect of flat and textured insoles on the balance of primary care elderly people: a randomized controlled clinical trial. Clin Interv Aging 2018; 13:277-284. [PMID: 29497286 PMCID: PMC5822856 DOI: 10.2147/cia.s149038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aging is associated with reduced postural stability and increased fall risk. Foot orthoses have been reported as an adjuvant intervention to improve balance by stimulating foot plantar mechanical receptors and thus increasing somatosensory input. PURPOSE The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of flat and textured insoles on the balance of primary care elderly people. DESIGN Prospective, parallel, randomized, and single-blind trial. METHODS A total of 100 subjects from a primary care unit, aged ≥65 years, were randomly assigned to intervention groups with flat insoles (n=33), textured insoles (n=33), or control group (n=34) without insoles. The Berg Balance Scale and the Timed Up and Go test were assessed at baseline and after 4 weeks. RESULTS Improvements in the Berg Balance Scale and the Timed Up and Go test were noted only in intervention groups with insoles but not in control group. No significant difference was found between flat and textured insoles. Minor adverse effects were noted only in the group with textured insoles. CONCLUSION The results suggest that foot orthoses (both flat and textured insoles) are effective in improving balance in primary care elderly people. They may represent a low-cost and high-availability adjuvant strategy to improve balance and prevent falls in this population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cecília de Morais Barbosa
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gerontology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas – Unicamp, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Manoel Barros Bértolo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rheumatology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas – Unicamp, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Juliana Zonzini Gaino
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rheumatology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas – Unicamp, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Michael Davitt
- Orthoses and Prostheses Unit, Clinical Hospital, State University of Campinas – Unicamp, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Zoraida Sachetto
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rheumatology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas – Unicamp, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Eduardo de Paiva Magalhães
- Orthoses and Prostheses Unit, Clinical Hospital, State University of Campinas – Unicamp, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Effect of Insoles with a Toe-Grip Bar on Toe Function and Standing Balance in Healthy Young Women: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Rehabil Res Pract 2018; 2017:2941095. [PMID: 29348939 PMCID: PMC5733939 DOI: 10.1155/2017/2941095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Revised: 10/05/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The aim of this randomized controlled study was to investigate the effects of insoles with a toe-grip bar on toe function and standing balance in healthy young women. Methods Thirty female subjects were randomly assigned to an intervention group or a control group. The intervention group wore shoes with insoles with a toe-grip bar. The control group wore shoes with general insoles. Both groups wore the shoes for 4 weeks, 5 times per week, 9 hours per day. Toe-grip strength, toe flexibility, static balance (total trajectory length and envelope area of the center of pressure), and dynamic balance (functional reach test) were measured before and after the intervention. Results Significant interactions were observed for toe-grip strength and toe flexibility (F = 12.53, p < 0.01; F = 5.84, p < 0.05, resp.), with significant improvement in the intervention group compared with that in the control group. Post hoc comparisons revealed that both groups showed significant improvement in toe-grip strength (p < 0.01 and p < 0.05, resp.), with higher benefits observed for the intervention group (p < 0.01). Conversely, no significant interaction was observed in the total trajectory length, envelope area, and functional reach test. Conclusions This study suggests that insoles with a toe-grip bar contribute to improvements in toe-grip strength and toe flexibility in healthy young women.
Collapse
|
10
|
Wibowo DB, Harahap R, Widodo A, Haryadi GD, Ariyanto M. The effectiveness of raising the heel height of shoes to reduce heel pain in patients with calcaneal spurs. J Phys Ther Sci 2017; 29:2068-2074. [PMID: 29643574 PMCID: PMC5890200 DOI: 10.1589/jpts.29.2068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 09/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
[Purpose] To investigate the effect of heel height on the distribution of plantar foot force and heel pain in patients with a heel spur. [Subjects and Methods] Plantar force was measured using 8 force sensors in 16 patients (3 men, 13 women), with symptomatic heel spur for 4 heel heights (0-4 cm). Sensors were located at the hallux (T1); medial to lateral metatarsals (M1 through M3), mid-foot (MF); and at the central, lateral, and medial heel (CH, LH, and MH). Pain was evaluated using the minimum compression force that caused pain and was measured using an algometer. [Results] Load bearing shifted from the heel (CH) to the mid-foot (MF) and hallux (T1) with increasing heel height. Raising the heel from 2 to 3 cm reduced the magnitude of load bearing, relative to the minimum compression force for pain, by 3.70% at the LH and 2.35% at the MH. Excellent clinical outcomes, defined by a 70-100% decrease in pain, were achieved in 10/16 participants with the use of a 2-cm and 3-cm heel height in men and women, respectively. [Conclusion] Increasing heel height effectively decreases the plantar force on the heel during weight-bearing activities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dwi Basuki Wibowo
- Center for Biomechanics, Central Laboratory of Research and Services, Diponegoro University: Prof. Soedharto Street, Tembalang Semarang, Indonesia
| | | | - Achmad Widodo
- Center for Biomechanics, Central Laboratory of Research and Services, Diponegoro University: Prof. Soedharto Street, Tembalang Semarang, Indonesia
| | - Gunawan Dwi Haryadi
- Center for Biomechatronics, Central Laboratory of Research and Services, Diponegoro University, Indonesia
| | - Mochammad Ariyanto
- Center for Biomechatronics, Central Laboratory of Research and Services, Diponegoro University, Indonesia
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
How Arch Support Insoles Help Persons with Flatfoot on Uphill and Downhill Walking. JOURNAL OF HEALTHCARE ENGINEERING 2017; 2017:9342789. [PMID: 29065668 PMCID: PMC5401752 DOI: 10.1155/2017/9342789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Revised: 03/04/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The main purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of arch support insoles on uphill and downhill walking of persons with flatfoot. Sixteen healthy college students with flatfoot were recruited in this study. Their heart rate, peak oxygen uptake (VO2), and median frequency (MDF) of surface electromyogram were recorded and analyzed. Nonparametric Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used for statistical analysis. The main results were as follows: (a) peak VO2 significantly decreased with arch support insoles compared with flat insoles during uphill and downhill walking (arch support insole versus flat insole: uphill walking, 20.7 ± 3.6 versus 31.6 ± 5.5; downhill walking, 10.9 ± 2.3 versus 16.9 ± 4.2); (b) arch support insoles could reduce the fatigue of the rectus femoris muscle during downhill walking (MDF slope of arch support insole: 0.03 ± 1.17, flat insole: −6.56 ± 23.07); (c) insole hardness would increase not only the physical sensory input but also the fatigue of lower-limb muscles particularly for the rectus femoris muscle (MDF slope of arch support insole: −1.90 ± 1.60, flat insole: −0.83 ± 1.10) in persons with flatfoot during uphill walking. The research results show that arch support insoles could effectively be applied to persons with flatfoot to aid them during uphill and downhill walking.
Collapse
|
12
|
Menz HB, Dufour AB, Katz P, Hannan MT. Foot Pain and Pronated Foot Type Are Associated with Self-Reported Mobility Limitations in Older Adults: The Framingham Foot Study. Gerontology 2015; 62:289-95. [PMID: 26645379 DOI: 10.1159/000442089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The foot plays an important role in supporting the body when undertaking weight-bearing activities. Aging is associated with an increased prevalence of foot pain and a lowering of the arch of the foot, both of which may impair mobility. OBJECTIVE To examine the associations of foot pain, foot posture and dynamic foot function with self-reported mobility limitations in community-dwelling older adults. METHODS Foot examinations were conducted on 1,860 members of the Framingham Study in 2002-2005. Foot posture was categorized as normal, planus or cavus using static pressure measurements, and foot function was categorized as normal, pronated or supinated using dynamic pressure measurements. Participants were asked whether they had foot pain and any difficulty performing a list of eight weight-bearing tasks. Multivariate logistic regression and linear regression models were used to examine the associations of foot pain, posture, function and ability to perform these activities. RESULTS After adjusting for age, sex, height and weight, foot pain was significantly associated with difficulty performing all eight weight-bearing activities. Compared to those with normal foot posture and function, participants with planus foot posture were more likely to report difficulty remaining balanced [odds ratio (OR) = 1.40, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.06-1.85; p = 0.018] and individuals with pronated foot function were more likely to report difficulty walking across a small room (OR = 2.07, 95% CI 1.02-4.22; p = 0.045). Foot pain and planus foot posture were associated with an overall mobility limitation score combining performances on each measure. CONCLUSION Foot pain, planus foot posture and pronated foot function are associated with self-reported difficulty undertaking common weight-bearing tasks. Interventions to reduce foot pain and improve foot posture and function may therefore have a role in improving mobility in older adults.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hylton B Menz
- School of Allied Health, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Vic., Australia
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Katsuhira J, Matsudaira K, Yasui T, Iijima S, Ito A. Efficacy of a trunk orthosis with joints providing resistive force on low-back load in elderly persons during static standing. Clin Interv Aging 2015; 10:1413-20. [PMID: 26366062 PMCID: PMC4562746 DOI: 10.2147/cia.s85294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Postural alignment of elderly people becomes poor due to aging, possibly leading to low-back pain and spinal deformity. Although there are several interventions for treating these conditions, no previous study has reported the effectiveness of a spinal orthosis or lumbosacral orthosis (LSO) in healthy elderly people without specific spinal deformity. We therefore developed a trunk orthosis to decrease low-back muscle activity while training good postural alignment through resistive force provided by joints with springs (here, called the ORF, which stands for orthosis with joints providing resistive force) as a preventive method against abnormal posture and low-back pain in healthy elderly persons. Patients and methods Fifteen community-dwelling elderly men participated in this study. Participants stood freely for 10 seconds in a laboratory setting under three conditions: without an orthosis, with the ORF, and with an LSO. The Damen corset LSO was selected as it is frequently prescribed for patients with low-back pain. Postural alignment during static standing was recorded using a three-dimensional motion capture system employing infrared cameras. Two force plates were used to record center of pressure. Electromyograms were obtained for bilateral erector spinae (ES), left internal abdominal oblique, and right gluteus medius muscles. Results Pelvis forward tilt angle tended to increase while wearing the ORF and decrease while wearing the LSO, but these results were not significant compared to no orthosis. Thorax extension angle and thorax angle on pelvis coordinate system significantly increased while wearing the ORF compared to the other two conditions. ES activity significantly decreased while wearing the ORF compared to the other two conditions. Internal oblique activity was significantly smaller while wearing the LSO than with no orthosis. Center of pressure did not significantly differ among the conditions. Conclusion The ORF significantly improved trunk alignment and decreased ES activity in healthy elderly subjects during static standing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junji Katsuhira
- Department of Nursing and Rehabilitation Science at Odawara, International University of Health and Welfare, Odawara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Ko Matsudaira
- Department of Medical Research and Management for Musculoskeletal Pain, 22nd Century Medical and Research Center, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tadashi Yasui
- Kawamura-Gishi Company, Ltd., Daito-shi, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shinno Iijima
- Graduate School of International University of Health and Welfare, Otawara, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Akihiro Ito
- Graduate School of International University of Health and Welfare, Otawara, Tochigi, Japan
| |
Collapse
|