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Chung IC, Huang WC, Huang YT, Chen ML, Tsai AW, Wu PY, Yuan TT. Unrevealed roles of extracellular enolase‑1 (ENO1) in promoting glycolysis and pro‑cancer activities in multiple myeloma via hypoxia‑inducible factor 1α. Oncol Rep 2023; 50:205. [PMID: 37800625 PMCID: PMC10568254 DOI: 10.3892/or.2023.8642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The involvement of enolase‑1 (ENO1), intracellularly or extracellularly, has been implicated in cancer development. Moreover, anticancer activities of an ENO1‑targeting antibody has demonstrated the pathological roles of extracellular ENO1 (surface or secreted forms). However, although ENO1 was first identified as a glycolytic enzyme in the cytosol, to the best of our knowledge, extracellular ENO1 has not been implicated in glycolysis thus far. In the present study, the effects of extracellular ENO1 on glycolysis and other related pro‑cancer activities were investigated in multiple myeloma (MM) cells in vitro and in vivo. Knockdown of ENO1 expression reduced lactate production, cell viability, cell migration and surface ENO1 expression in MM cells. Notably, addition of extracellular ENO1 protein in cancer cell culture enhanced glycolytic activity, hypoxia‑inducible factor 1‑α (HIF‑1α) expression, glycolysis‑related gene (GRG) expression and pro‑cancer activities, such as cell migration, cell viability and tumor‑promoting cytokine secretion. Consistently, these extracellular ENO1‑induced cellular effects were inhibited by an ENO1‑specific monoclonal antibody (mAb). In addition, extracellular ENO1‑mediated glycolysis, GRG expression and pro‑cancer activities were also reduced by HIF‑1α silencing. Lastly, administration of an ENO1 mAb reduced tumor growth and serum lactate levels in an MM xenograft model. These results suggested that extracellular ENO1 (surface or secreted forms) enhanced a HIF‑1α‑mediated glycolytic pathway, in addition to its already identified roles. Therefore, the results of the present study highlighted the therapeutic potential of ENO1‑specific antibodies in treating MM, possibly via glycolysis inhibition, and warrant further studies in other types of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- I-Che Chung
- Department of Research and Development, HuniLife Biotechnology, Inc., Neihu, Taipei 114, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Wei-Ching Huang
- Department of Research and Development, HuniLife Biotechnology, Inc., Neihu, Taipei 114, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Yung-Tsang Huang
- Department of Research and Development, HuniLife Biotechnology, Inc., Neihu, Taipei 114, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Mao-Lin Chen
- Department of Research and Development, HuniLife Biotechnology, Inc., Neihu, Taipei 114, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - An-Wei Tsai
- Department of Research and Development, HuniLife Biotechnology, Inc., Neihu, Taipei 114, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Pei-Yu Wu
- Department of Manufacturing, TFBS Bioscience, Inc., Taipei 221, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Ta-Tung Yuan
- Department of Research and Development, HuniLife Biotechnology, Inc., Neihu, Taipei 114, Taiwan, R.O.C
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2
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Vadlamani S, Karmakar R, Kumar A, Rajala MS. Non-metabolic role of alpha-enolase in virus replication. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:1677-1686. [PMID: 36402937 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-08067-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Viruses are extremely complex and highly evolving microorganisms; thus, it is difficult to analyse them in detail. The virion is believed to contain all the essential components required from its entry to the establishment of a successful infection in a susceptible host cell. Hence, the virion composition is the principal source for its transmissibility and immunogenicity. A virus is completely dependent on a host cell for its replication and progeny production. Occasionally, they recruit and package host proteins into mature virion. These incorporated host proteins are believed to play crucial roles in the subsequent infection, although the significance and the molecular mechanism regulated are poorly understood. One such host protein which is hijacked by several viruses is the glycolytic enzyme, Enolase (Eno-1) and is also packaged into mature virion of several viruses. This enzyme exhibits a highly flexible nature of functions, ranging from metabolic to several non-metabolic activities. All the glycolytic enzymes are known to be moonlighting proteins including enolase. The non-metabolic functions of this moonlighting protein are also highly diverse with respect to its cellular localization. Although very little is known about the virological significance of this enzyme, several of its non-metabolic functions have been observed to influence the virus replication cycle in infected cells. In this review, we have attempted to provide a comprehensive picture of the non-metabolic role of Eno-1, its significance in the virus replication cycle and to stimulate interest around its scope as a therapeutic target for treating viral pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satya Vadlamani
- School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, Delhi, India
| | - Ruma Karmakar
- School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, Delhi, India
| | - Alok Kumar
- School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, Delhi, India
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3
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Bray S, Tänzel V, Wolf S. Ligand Unbinding Pathway and Mechanism Analysis Assisted by Machine Learning and Graph Methods. J Chem Inf Model 2022; 62:4591-4604. [PMID: 36176219 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.2c00634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We present two methods to reveal protein-ligand unbinding mechanisms in biased unbinding simulations by clustering trajectories into ensembles representing unbinding paths. The first approach is based on a contact principal component analysis for reducing the dimensionality of the input data, followed by identification of unbinding paths and training a machine learning model for trajectory clustering. The second approach clusters trajectories according to their pairwise mean Euclidean distance employing the neighbor-net algorithm, which takes into account input data bias in the distances set and is superior to dendrogram construction. Finally, we describe a more complex case where the reaction coordinate relevant for path identification is a single intraligand hydrogen bond, highlighting the challenges involved in unbinding path reaction coordinate detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Bray
- Biomolecular Dynamics, Institute of Physics, University of Freiburg, 79104Freiburg, Germany.,Bioinformatics Group, Institute of Informatics, University of Freiburg, 79110Freiburg, Germany
| | - Victor Tänzel
- Biomolecular Dynamics, Institute of Physics, University of Freiburg, 79104Freiburg, Germany
| | - Steffen Wolf
- Biomolecular Dynamics, Institute of Physics, University of Freiburg, 79104Freiburg, Germany
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4
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Deng Y, Li Y, Wen Z, Ruiz CH, Weng X, Cameron MD, Duan Y, Huang Y. Morphing Natural Product Platensimycin via Heck, Sonogashira, and One-Pot Sonogashira/Cycloaddition Reactions to Produce Antibiotics with In Vivo Activity. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11040425. [PMID: 35453177 PMCID: PMC9027111 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11040425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Type II fatty acid synthases are promising drug targets against major bacterial pathogens. Platensimycin (PTM) is a potent inhibitor against β-ketoacyl-[acyl carrier protein] synthase II (FabF) and β-ketoacyl-[acyl carrier protein] synthase I (FabB), while the poor pharmacokinetics has prevented its further development. In this work, thirty-two PTM derivatives were rapidly prepared via Heck, Sonogashira, and one-pot Sonogashira/cycloaddition cascade reactions based on the Gram-scale synthesis of 6-iodo PTM (4). About half of the synthesized compounds were approximately equipotent to PTM against the tested Staphylococcus aureus strains. Among them, the representative compounds 4, A4, and B8 exhibited different plasma protein binding affinity or stability in the human hepatic microsome assay and showed improved in vivo efficacy over PTM in a mouse peritonitis model. In addition, A4 was also effective in an S. aureus-infected skin mouse model. Our study not only significantly expands the known PTM derivatives with improved antibacterial activities in vivo, but showcased that C–C cross-coupling reactions are useful tools to functionalize natural product drug leads.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youchao Deng
- Xiangya International Academy of Translational Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China; (Y.D.); (Y.L.); (Z.W.); (X.W.)
| | - Yuling Li
- Xiangya International Academy of Translational Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China; (Y.D.); (Y.L.); (Z.W.); (X.W.)
| | - Zhongqing Wen
- Xiangya International Academy of Translational Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China; (Y.D.); (Y.L.); (Z.W.); (X.W.)
| | - Claudia H. Ruiz
- Departments of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA; (C.H.R.); (M.D.C.)
| | - Xiang Weng
- Xiangya International Academy of Translational Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China; (Y.D.); (Y.L.); (Z.W.); (X.W.)
| | - Michael D. Cameron
- Departments of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA; (C.H.R.); (M.D.C.)
| | - Yanwen Duan
- Xiangya International Academy of Translational Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China; (Y.D.); (Y.L.); (Z.W.); (X.W.)
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Natural Product Drug Discovery, Changsha 410011, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Combinatorial Biosynthesis for Drug Discovery, Changsha 410011, China
- Correspondence: (Y.D.); (Y.H.)
| | - Yong Huang
- Xiangya International Academy of Translational Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China; (Y.D.); (Y.L.); (Z.W.); (X.W.)
- National Engineering Research Center of Combinatorial Biosynthesis for Drug Discovery, Changsha 410011, China
- Correspondence: (Y.D.); (Y.H.)
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5
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Qiao G, Wu A, Chen X, Tian Y, Lin X. Enolase 1, a Moonlighting Protein, as a Potential Target for Cancer Treatment. Int J Biol Sci 2021; 17:3981-3992. [PMID: 34671213 PMCID: PMC8495383 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.63556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Enolase 1 (ENO1) is a moonlighting protein, function as a glycolysis enzyme, a plasminogen receptor and a DNA binding protein. ENO1 play an important role in the process of cancer development. The transcription, translation, post-translational modifying activities and the immunoregulatory role of ENO1 at the cancer development is receiving increasing attention. Some function model studies have shown that ENO1 is a potential target for cancer treatment. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of the characterization, function, related transduction cascades of ENO1 and its roles in the pathophysiology of cancers, which is a consequence of ENO1 signaling dysregulation. And the development of novels anticancer agents that targets ENO1 may provide a more attractive option for the treatment of cancers. The data of sarcoma and functional cancer models indicates that ENO1 may become a new potential target for anticancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gan Qiao
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China (Q.G, ).,School of Pharmacy, Central Nervous System Drug Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Anguo Wu
- Sichuan Key Medical Laboratory of New Drug Discovery and Drugability Evaluation, Luzhou Key Laboratory of Activity Screening and Drugability Evaluation for Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China.,Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Xiaoliang Chen
- Schools of Medicine; Shanxi Datong University, Datong, Shanxi, 037009, China
| | - Ye Tian
- The Eighth Affiliated Hospital Sun Yat-sen University,Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiukun Lin
- College of Life Sci., Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, Shandong, China
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6
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Sariyer E, Kocer S, Danis O, Turgut-Balik D. In vitro inhibition studies of coumarin derivatives on Bos taurus enolase and elucidating their interaction by molecular docking, molecular dynamics simulations and MMGB(PB)SA binding energy calculation. Bioorg Chem 2021; 110:104796. [PMID: 33799179 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.104796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Tropical theileriosis is among the most common vector-borne diseases and caused by Theileria parasites. Theileria annulata is an obligate intracellular protozoan parasite and transmitted to especially Bos taurus and Bos indicus by Hyalomma tick vectors. C8 ([4-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-6,7-dihydroxy-2H-chromen-2-one); C9 (4-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-7,8 dihydroxy-2H-chromen-2-one); C21 (4-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-6,7-dihydroxy-2H-chromen-2 one) were identified as potent Theileria annulata enolase (TaEno) inhibitors in our previous studies. An ideal drug compound must inhibit the target parasite enzyme without inhibiting its homolog in the host. In this study, the inhibitory effect of the compounds previously evaluated on TaEno were tested on the host Bos taurus enolase (BtEno3) by in vitro studies. The interactions of enzyme-coumarin and enzyme-coumarin-substrate by in silico studies were also performed. All of the coumarin derivatives tested showed very low inhibitory effects on B. taurus enolase; 36,87% inhibition at 100 μM concentration for C8, 8,13% inhibition at 100 μM concentration for C9 and 77,69 μM of IC50 value for C21. In addition, these three coumarin derivatives and substrate 2PG were docked into the BtEno3 using molecular docking methods. Molecular interactions between enolase-coumarin and enolase-coumarin-substrate complexes were analyzed using molecular dynamics simulation methods for 100 ns. Estimated free energy of bindings of the substrate 2PG and coumarin derivatives to the BtEno3 were calculated by MM-GB(PB)SA methods. In comparison to the inhibition studies performed on TaEno, C8 and C9 coumarin derivatives remain the possible inhibitor candidates as they inhibit the host enolase at very high concentrations. These two promising compounds will be further analyzed by in vitro and in vivo studies towards developing an alternative drug against tropical theileriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emrah Sariyer
- Yıldız Technical University, Faculty of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Department of Bioengineering, Davutpasa campus, 34210, Istanbul, Turkey; Artvin Coruh University, Vocational School of Health Services, Medical Laboratory Techniques, 08000, Artvin, Turkey
| | - Sinem Kocer
- İstanbul Yeni Yüzyıl University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, 34010, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ozkan Danis
- Marmara University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Department of Chemistry, 34722, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Dilek Turgut-Balik
- Yıldız Technical University, Faculty of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Department of Bioengineering, Davutpasa campus, 34210, Istanbul, Turkey.
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7
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Park C, Lee Y, Je S, Chang S, Kim N, Jeong E, Yoon S. Overexpression and Selective Anticancer Efficacy of ENO3 in STK11 Mutant Lung Cancers. Mol Cells 2019; 42:804-809. [PMID: 31697874 PMCID: PMC6883975 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2019.0099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Revised: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Oncogenic gain-of-function mutations are clinical biomarkers for most targeted therapies, as well as represent direct targets for drug treatment. Although loss-of-function mutations involving the tumor suppressor gene, STK11 (LKB1) are important in lung cancer progression, STK11 is not the direct target for anticancer agents. We attempted to identify cancer transcriptome signatures associated with STK11 loss-offunction mutations. Several new sensitive and specific gene expression markers (ENO3, TTC39C, LGALS3, and MAML2) were identified using two orthogonal measures, i.e., fold change and odds ratio analyses of transcriptome data from cell lines and tissue samples. Among the markers identified, the ENO3 gene over-expression was found to be the direct consequence of STK11 loss-of-function. Furthermore, the knockdown of ENO3 expression exhibited selective anticancer effect in STK11 mutant cells compared with STK11 wild type (or recovered) cells. These findings suggest that ENO3 -based targeted therapy might be promising for patients with lung cancer harboring STK11 mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Choa Park
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul 04310,
Korea
| | - Yejin Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul 04310,
Korea
| | - Soyeon Je
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul 04310,
Korea
| | - Shengzhi Chang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul 04310,
Korea
| | - Nayoung Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul 04310,
Korea
| | - Euna Jeong
- Research Institute of Women’s Health, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul 04310,
Korea
| | - Sukjoon Yoon
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul 04310,
Korea
- Research Institute of Women’s Health, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul 04310,
Korea
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8
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Deng Y, Weng X, Li Y, Su M, Wen Z, Ji X, Ren N, Shen B, Duan Y, Huang Y. Late-Stage Functionalization of Platensimycin Leading to Multiple Analogues with Improved Antibacterial Activity in Vitro and in Vivo. J Med Chem 2019; 62:6682-6693. [PMID: 31265289 PMCID: PMC6755679 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b00616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial fatty acid synthases are promising antibacterial targets against multidrug-resistant pathogens. Platensimycin (PTM) is a potent FabB/FabF inhibitor, while its poor pharmacokinetics hampers the clinical development. In this study, a focused library of PTM derivatives was prepared through thiolysis of PTM oxirane (1), followed by various C-C cross-coupling reactions in high yields. Antibacterial screening of these compounds in vitro yielded multiple hits with improved anti-Staphylococcus activities over PTM. Among them, compounds A1, A3, A17, and A28 exhibited improved antibacterial activities over PTM against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in a mouse peritonitis model. Compound A28 was further shown to be effective against MRSA infection in a mouse wound model, in comparison to mupirocin. Therefore, the facile preparation and screening of these PTM derivatives, together with their potent antibacterial activities in vivo, suggest a promising strategy to improve the antibacterial activity and pharmacokinetic properties of PTM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youchao Deng
- Xiangya International Academy of Translational Medicine at Central South University , Changsha , Hunan 410013 , China
| | - Xiang Weng
- Xiangya International Academy of Translational Medicine at Central South University , Changsha , Hunan 410013 , China
| | - Yuling Li
- Xiangya International Academy of Translational Medicine at Central South University , Changsha , Hunan 410013 , China
| | - Meng Su
- Xiangya International Academy of Translational Medicine at Central South University , Changsha , Hunan 410013 , China
| | - Zhongqing Wen
- Xiangya International Academy of Translational Medicine at Central South University , Changsha , Hunan 410013 , China
| | - Xinxin Ji
- Xiangya International Academy of Translational Medicine at Central South University , Changsha , Hunan 410013 , China
| | - Nan Ren
- Xiangya Hospital , Central South University , Changsha , Hunan 410008 , China
| | | | - Yanwen Duan
- Xiangya International Academy of Translational Medicine at Central South University , Changsha , Hunan 410013 , China
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Natural Product Drug Discovery , Changsha , Hunan 410011 , China
- National Engineering Research Center of Combinatorial Biosynthesis for Drug Discovery , Changsha , Hunan 410011 , China
| | - Yong Huang
- Xiangya International Academy of Translational Medicine at Central South University , Changsha , Hunan 410013 , China
- National Engineering Research Center of Combinatorial Biosynthesis for Drug Discovery , Changsha , Hunan 410011 , China
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9
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Next Generation Immunotherapy for Pancreatic Cancer: DNA Vaccination is Seeking New Combo Partners. Cancers (Basel) 2018; 10:cancers10020051. [PMID: 29462900 PMCID: PMC5836083 DOI: 10.3390/cancers10020051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Revised: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma (PDA) is an almost incurable radio- and chemo-resistant tumor, and its microenvironment is characterized by a strong desmoplastic reaction associated with a significant infiltration of T regulatory lymphocytes and myeloid-derived suppressor cells (Tregs, MDSC). Investigating immunological targets has identified a number of metabolic and cytoskeletal related molecules, which are typically recognized by circulating antibodies. Among these molecules we have investigated alpha-enolase (ENO1), a glycolytic enzyme that also acts a plasminogen receptor. ENO1 is also recognized by T cells in PDA patients, so we developed a DNA vaccine that targets ENO1. This efficiently induces many immunological processes (antibody formation and complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC)-mediated tumor killing, infiltration of effector T cells, reduction of infiltration of myeloid and Treg suppressor cells), which significantly increase the survival of genetically engineered mice that spontaneously develop pancreatic cancer. Although promising, the ENO1 DNA vaccine does not completely eradicate the tumor, which, after an initial growth inhibition, returns to proliferate again, especially when Tregs and MDSC ensue in the tumor mass. This led us to develop possible strategies for combinatorial treatments aimed to broaden and sustain the antitumor immune response elicited by DNA vaccination. Based on the data we have obtained in recent years, this review will discuss the biological bases of possible combinatorial treatments (chemotherapy, PI3K inhibitors, tumor-associated macrophages, ENO1 inhibitors) that could be effective in amplifying the response induced by the immune vaccination in PDA.
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